Les Rencontres Internationales sur la Projection Thermique – RIPT 9 11th to 13th December 2019, Jülich, Germany

Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS polymer substrates by low pressure cold spraying

M. Winnicki, M. Jasiorski, A. Baszczuk, B. Borak

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wrocław, e-mail: [email protected]

Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Outline of presentation • – why?

• State of art in TiO2 deposition. • Low pressure cold spray operating principle. • Research genesis. • Process parameters. • Materials used in the research.

• TiO2 crystalline coatings.

• TiO2 amorphous coatings.

• TiO2 mixed crystalline - amorphous coatings. • Polyamide – anatase composite coatings. 2

Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Titanium dioxide – why?

Gas sensors Water and air purification Photocatalysts

Self-cleaning agent Antibacterial TiO2 agent

Electrochromic Wide gap devices semiconductor Solar oxide cells

3 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Titanium dioxide – why?

Rahim T.B.A., Fabrication of Cold Spray Ti-O Coatings Engineered from Agglomerated Powders, 2016, doctoral thesis 4 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

State of art in TiO2 deposition

TiO2 coating

Electro- CVD deposition

Magnetron Dip sputtering coating

5 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

State of art in TiO2 deposition

An Introduction to Thermal Spray, Materials of Spray Coating Corp., 11.2017 6 [http://metal-spray-coating.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/thermal_sparay.pdf] Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

State of art in TiO2 deposition

Hanft D., et al., An Overview of the Aerosol Deposition Method: Process Fundamentals and New Trends in Materials 7 Applications, Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6(3), 2015, pp. 147-182 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Low pressure cold spray operating principle

de Laval nozzle

convergent part

nozzle throat

divergent part Powder Feeding

8 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Research genesis

Working gas temperature - 600 ˚C

a,b,c – three analysed points at the coating surface

9 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Research genesis

10 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Process parameters

Substrate: ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) polymer

11 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Materials used in the research Amorphous Anatase Polyamide PA 2200

100 µm 100 µm 100 µm

30 µm 50 µm 50 µm

10 µm 10 µm

12 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Research plan 1 2 3 4 Amorphous+ PA2200+ Anatase Amorphous Anatase Anatase powder powder powder powder

200 °C 200 °C 200 °C 200 °C

300 °C 300 °C 300 °C 300 °C

(i) Without (i) Without (i) Without treatment, treatment, treatment, Grit blasted (ii) grit (ii) grit (ii) grit 350 µm blasted 350 blasted 350 blasted 350 µm µm µm 13 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Research plan 1 2 3 4

Amorphous+ PA2200+ Anatase Amorphous Anatase Anatase powder powder powder powder

200 °C 200 °C 200 °C 200 °C

300 °C 300 °C 300 °C 300 °C

(i) Without (i) Without (i) Without Grit blasted treatment, treatment, treatment, 350 µm (ii) grit (ii) grit (ii) grit blasted 350 blasted 350 blasted 350 µm µm µm 14 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 crystalline coatings

250 µm

Anatase powder - 200 ˚C / substrate without treatment

15 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 crystalline coatings

250 µm

Anatase powder - 200 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

16 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 crystalline coatings

250 µm

Anatase powder - 300 ˚C / substrate without treatment

17 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 crystalline coatings

250 µm

Anatase powder - 300 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

18 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Research plan 1 2 3 4 Amorphous+ PA2200+ Anatase Amorphous Anatase Anatase powder powder powder powder

200 °C 200 °C 200 °C 200 °C

300 °C 300 °C 300 °C 300 °C

(i) Without (i) Without (i) Without treatment, treatment, treatment, Grit blasted (ii) grit (ii) grit (ii) grit 350 µm blasted 350 blasted 350 blasted 350 µm µm µm 19 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 amorphous coatings

250 µm

Amorphous powder - 200 ˚C / substrate without treatment

20 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 amorphous coatings

250 µm

Amorphous powder - 200 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

21 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 amorphous coatings

250 µm

Amorphous powder - 300 ˚C / substrate without treatment

22 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 amorphous coatings

250 µm

Amorphous powder - 300 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

23 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Research plan 1 2 3 4 Amorphous+ PA2200+ Anatase Amorphous Anatase Anatase powder powder powder powder

200 °C 200 °C 200 °C 200 °C

300 °C 300 °C 300 °C 300 °C

(i) Without (i) Without (i) Without treatment, treatment, treatment, Grit blasted (ii) grit (ii) grit (ii) grit 350 µm blasted 350 blasted 350 blasted 350 µm µm µm 24 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 mixed coatings

250 µm

Amorphous + Anatase powder (vol.% 50/50) - 200 ˚C / substrate without treatment

25 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 mixed coatings

250 µm

Amorphous + Anatase powder (vol.% 50/50) - 200 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

26 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 mixed coatings

250 µm

Amorphous + Anatase powder (vol.% 50/50) - 300 ˚C / substrate without treatment

27 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 mixed coatings

250 µm

Amorphous + Anatase powder (vol.% 50/50) - 300 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

28 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Research plan 1 2 3 4 Amorphous+ PA2200+ Anatase Amorphous Anatase Anatase powder powder powder powder

200 °C 200 °C 200 °C 200 °C

300 °C 300 °C 300 °C 300 °C

(i) Without (i) Without (i) Without treatment, treatment, treatment, Grit blasted (ii) grit (ii) grit (ii) grit 350 µm blasted 350 blasted 350 blasted 350 µm µm µm 29 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 mixed coatings

250 µm

PA2200 + Anatase powder (vol.% 50/50) - 200 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

30 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

TiO2 mixed coatings

250 µm

PA2200 + Anatase powder (vol.% 50/50) - 300 ˚C / substrate grit blaset – 350 µm

31 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying Coatings bond strength

32 Preliminary studies of TiO2 coatings deposition onto ABS substrates by low pressure cold spraying

Thank you for your attention

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