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Steneosaurus Brevior
The mystery of Mystriosaurus: Redescribing the poorly known Early Jurassic teleosauroid thalattosuchians Mystriosaurus laurillardi and Steneosaurus brevior SVEN SACHS, MICHELA M. JOHNSON, MARK T. YOUNG, and PASCAL ABEL Sachs, S., Johnson, M.M., Young, M.T., and Abel, P. 2019. The mystery of Mystriosaurus: Redescribing the poorly known Early Jurassic teleosauroid thalattosuchians Mystriosaurus laurillardi and Steneosaurus brevior. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (3): 565–579. The genus Mystriosaurus, established by Kaup in 1834, was one of the first thalattosuchian genera to be named. The holotype, an incomplete skull from the lower Toarcian Posidonienschiefer Formation of Altdorf (Bavaria, southern Germany), is poorly known with a convoluted taxonomic history. For the past 60 years, Mystriosaurus has been consid- ered a subjective junior synonym of Steneosaurus. However, our reassessment of the Mystriosaurus laurillardi holotype demonstrates that it is a distinct and valid taxon. Moreover, we find the holotype of “Steneosaurus” brevior, an almost complete skull from the lower Toarcian Whitby Mudstone Formation of Whitby (Yorkshire, UK), to be a subjective ju- nior synonym of M. laurillardi. Mystriosaurus is diagnosed in having: a heavily and extensively ornamented skull; large and numerous neurovascular foramina on the premaxillae, maxillae and dentaries; anteriorly oriented external nares; and four teeth per premaxilla. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal M. laurillardi to be distantly related to Steneosaurus bollensis, supporting our contention that they are different taxa. Interestingly, our analyses hint that Mystriosaurus may be more closely related to the Chinese teleosauroid (previously known as Peipehsuchus) than any European form. Key words: Thalattosuchia, Teleosauroidea, Mystriosaurus, Jurassic, Toarcian Posidonienschiefer Formation, Whitby Mudstone Formation, Germany, UK. -
Occurrence of Torvoneustes (Crocodylomorpha, Metriorhynchidae) in Marine Jurassic Deposits of Oaxaca, Mexico
Rev. bras. paleontol. 19(3):415-424, Setembro/Dezembro 2016 © 2016 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia doi: 10.4072/rbp.2016.3.07 OCCURRENCE OF TORVONEUSTES (CROCODYLOMORPHA, METRIORHYNCHIDAE) IN MARINE JURASSIC DEPOSITS OF OAXACA, MEXICO JAIR I. BARRIENTOS-LARA Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, 04510, México. [email protected] YANINA HERRERA, MARTA S. FERNÁNDEZ División Paleontología Vertebrados, Unidades de Investigación Anexo Museo, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. 60 y 122, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina. [email protected], [email protected] JESÚS ALVARADO-ORTEGA Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, 04510, México. [email protected] ABSTRACT – IGM 9026 is a singular fossil collected at the beginning of the 20th century in an improperly documented site within the Tlaxiaco Basin, near to Tlaxiaco town, Oaxaca, Mexico. The age of the site was suggested as being early Cretaceous. This specimen is the holotype of Plesiosaurus (Polypticodon) mexicanus, which later was identified as a possible late Jurassic marine crocodylomorph of the family Metriorhynchidae, and consequently it was referred as ?Cricosaurus mexicanus. The present study provides a re-description of this fossil based on a microscopic analysis and the use of white and UV lights; these analyses led to the discovery of peculiar dental characters diagnostic of the genus Torvoneustes. This finding supports the re-classification of IGM 9026 under a new nominal combination asTorvoneustes mexicanus. -
Big-Headed Marine Crocodyliforms and Why We Must Be Cautious When Using Extant Species As Body Length Proxies for Long-Extinct Relatives
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Big-headed marine crocodyliforms and why we must be cautious when using extant species as body length proxies for long-extinct relatives Mark T. Young, Márton Rabi, Mark A. Bell, Davide Foffa, Lorna Steel, Sven Sachs, and Karin Peyer ABSTRACT Body size is commonly used as a key variable for estimating ecomorphological trends at a macroevolutionary scale, making reliable body length estimates of fossil taxa critically important. Crocodylomorphs (extant crocodylians and their extinct rela- tives) evolved numerous 'aberrant' body-plans during their ~230 million-year history, ranging from ‘hooved’ terrestrial species to dolphin-like pelagic species. Such clades evolved distinct cranial and femoral scaling ratios (compared to total body length), thereby making extant taxa unsuitable proxies for estimating their body lengths. Here we illustrate that the fossil clade Teleosauridae also fits into this category. Teleosaurids were a predominately shallow marine clade that had a global distribution during the Jurassic. Known to have evolved a wide range of body lengths (2–5 m based on com- plete skeletons), there is currently no way of reliably estimating the size of incomplete specimens. This is surprising, as some teleosaurids have been considered very large (9–10 m in total length), thus making Teleosauridae the largest bodied clade during the first 100 million years of crocodylomorph evolution. Our examination and regression analyses of the best preserved teleosaurid skeletons demonstrates that: they were smaller than previously thought, with no known specimen exceeding 7.2 m in length; and that they had proportionally large skulls, and proportionally short femora, when compared to body length. -
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 701 Thnmamerican Mu Hirtoryfjnatural March 12, 1934
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 701 THNmAmERICAN Mu HIrToRYFJNATURAL March 12, 1934 56.81, 4:091 THE DESLONGCHAMPS PUBLICATIONS ON FOSSIL CROCODILES' BY CHARLES C. MOOK AND LEONORA R. BORKER I. INTRODUCTION In connection with a detailed examination of the literature on fossil crocodiles for monographic purposes, we have noted many references to publications bearing the name Deslongehamps, and that considerable confusion has existed concerning them. It is the purpose of this article to attempt to clear up uncertainties regarding many of these publications. To accomplish our purpose it is necessary to note the fact that there were two men surnamed Deslongchamps who studied and described fossil crocodiles. They were Jacques-Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps who lived from 1794 to January 18, 1867, and his son called either Eugene Deslongehamps or Eugene Eudes-Deslongchamps who was born in 1830 and died in 1889. We shall consider first the work of the father. II. JACQUES-AMAND EUDES-DESLONGCHAMPS The first article on fossil crocodiles published by J. A. Eudes-Des- longehamps that we have been able to find appeared in Volume XIII of L'Institut in 1845.2 However, this date does not mark the beginning of his interest in fossil crocodiles, for in his description of Teleosaurus geoffroyi he mentions the fact that he obtained the material under dis- cussion in 1819. Then, in the discussion of Steneosaurus megistorhynchus, Eugene Deslongehamps mentions the fact that his father corresponded with E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire concerning this fossil. Since Geoffroy St.- Hilaire died in 1844, this correspondence must have taken place previous to that date. -
Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups
APPENDIX Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980). KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (Proterozoic?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida -
Thalattosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) and the Phylogenetic Position of Thalattosuchia
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 7 (2): 163–197 Issued 26 May 2009 doi:10.1017/S1477201908002605 Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum Skull anatomy of DAKOSAURUS ANDINIENSIS (Thalattosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) and the phylogenetic position of Thalattosuchia Diego Pol† CONICET, Museo Paleontol´ogico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, Trelew 9100, Chubut, Argentina Zulma Gasparini‡ CONICET, Divisi´on Paleontolog´ıa de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina SYNOPSIS New information on Dakosaurus andiniensis from the Latest Jurassic and Early Creta- ceous is reported here. One of the specimens described herein consists of an almost complete skull and lower jaw found in the uppermost levels of the Vaca Muerta Formation (Tithonian) of Neuqu´en Province, Argentina. The new material allows a more complete understanding and diagnosis of this form, previously known only from the fragmentary type specimen. The new remains show that D. andiniensis had an unusual morphology for a marine crocodyliform,namely a remarkably short, high snout with ziphodont dentition. This new information allows testing of the phylogenetic relationships of this taxon, which is de- picted as deeply nested within Metriorhynchidae, a clade of marine crocodyliforms with derived adaptations to the marine environment (e.g. paddle-like forelimbs, hypertrophied nasal salt glands). In particular, D. andiniensis is inferred to be the sister taxon of D. maximus from the Jurassic of Europe. This relationship repeats the phylogenetic pattern seen in other Jurassic marine crocodyli- forms from South America and Europe (e.g. Geosaurus), demonstrating the close faunal relationship between these two distant marine basins. -
Dinosaurs and Other Vertebrates from the Papo-Seco Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Southern Portugal
Journal of Iberian Geology 41 (3) 2015: 301-314 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_JIGE.2015.v41.n3.47828 www.ucm.es /info/estratig/journal.htm ISSN (print): 1698-6180. ISSN (online): 1886-7995 Dinosaurs and other vertebrates from the Papo-Seco Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of southern Portugal S. Figueiredo1,2,3*, P. Rosina1,3, L. Figuti4 1Unidade Departamental de Arqueologia, Conservação e Restauro e Património do Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Quinta do Contador - Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal. 2Centro Português de Geo-História e Pré-História – Prct. Campo das Amoreiras, Lt: 1 – 2º O – 1750-021 Lisboa, Portugal. 3Centro de Geociências da Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Univ. Coimbra - Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal 4Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Almeida Prado, 1466 - São Paulo SP, 05589000, Brazil e-mail addresses: [email protected] (SF; * Corresponding author); [email protected](PR); [email protected](SF); [email protected](LF) Received: 20 January 2015 / Accepted: 1 December 2015 / Available online: 20 December 2015 Abstract New vertebrate remains reported from the Papo-Seco Formation (Lower Barremian, Lower Cretaceous) of Areias do Mastro, in Cabo Espichel, SW Portugal, south of Lisbon. The marine, lagoonal, and estuarine limestones, marls, sands and gravels have yielded remains of dinosaurs and other reptiles since the 19th century. Recent paleontological prospecting produced several vertebrate remains, including turtle shell fragments, crocodilian teeth, fish and pterosaurs. Research identified both bones and teeth of fish, crocodiles, dinosaursBaryonyx and iguanodontian, as well as a ctenochasmatoid pterosaur, and a possible ornithocheirid pterosaur. -
Evidence of Macrophagous Teleosaurid Crocodylomorphs in the Corallian Group (Oxfordian, Late Jurassic) of the UK
Evidence of macrophagous teleosaurid crocodylomorphs in the Corallian Group (Oxfordian, Late Jurassic) of the UK Davide Foffa1, Mark T. Young1,2 and Stephen L. Brusatte1 1 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 2 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom ABSTRACT Teleosaurids were a group of semi-aquatic crocodylomorphs with a fossil record that spanned the Jurassic Period. In the UK, abundant specimens are known from the Oxford Clay Formation (OCF, Callovian to lower Oxfordian), but are very rare in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF, Kimmeridgian to lower Tithonian), despite their abundance in some contemporaneous deposits in continental Europe. Unfortunately, due to the paucity of material from the intermediate `Corallian Gap' (middle to upper Oxfordian), we lack an understanding of how and why teleosaurid taxic abundance and diversity declined from the OCF to the KCF. The recognition of an incomplete teleosaurid lower jaw from the Corallian of Weymouth (Dorset, UK) begins to rectify this. The vertically oriented dentition, blunt tooth apices, intense enamel ornamentation that shifts to an anastomosed pattern apically, and deep reception pits on the dentary unambiguously demonstrates the affinity of this specimen with an unnamed sub-clade of macrophagous/durophagous teleosaurids (`Steneosaurus' obtusidens C Machimosaurus). The high symphyseal tooth count allows us to exclude the specimen from M. hugii and M. mosae, but in absence of more diagnostic material we cannot unambiguously assign DORCM G.3939 to a more specific level. Nevertheless, this specimen represents the first mandibular material referable to Teleosauridae from the poorly sampled middle-upper Oxfordian time-span in the UK. -
The Vertebrate Fauna from the “Stipite” Layers of the Grands Causses (Middle Jurassic, France)
MINI REVIEW ARTICLE published: 02 September 2014 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION doi: 10.3389/fevo.2014.00048 The vertebrate fauna from the “stipite” layers of the Grands Causses (Middle Jurassic, France) Fabien Knoll 1,2* and Raquel López-Antoñanzas 1,3 1 Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain 2 Palaeontology Research Group, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 3 Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Edited by: The “stipites” are Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) coals that formed in an everglades-like Christopher Carcaillet, Ecole environment and are now exposed in the Grands Causses (southern France). The Pratique des Hautes Etudes, France vertebrate assemblage of the “stipites” and of the transitional layers to the carbonates Reviewed by: in which they are interspersed are reviewed. To date, only small-sized and isolated Lionel Cavin, Muséum d’histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Genève, vertebrate bones, teeth, and scales have been recovered. These record the presence Switzerland of sharks (Hybodus, Asteracanthus), bony fishes (Lepidotes, Pycnodontiformes, Caturus, Holly Woodward, Oklahoma State Aspidorhynchus), amphibians (Anura, Albanerpetontidae), and reptiles (Crocodylomorpha, University Center for Health Ornithischia, Theropoda). Despite its relatively limited taxonomic diversity, the vertebrate Sciences, USA assemblage from the “stipites” and from their associated layers is notable for being one *Correspondence: Fabien Knoll, Departamento de of the few of this age with both terrestrial and marine influences. Compared to other Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de approximately coeval formations in Western Europe, the “stipites” vertebrate assemblage Ciencias Naturales, Consejo is surpassed in diversity only by those from the British Isles. -
Palaeoenvironmental Control on Distribution of Crinoids in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of England and France
Palaeoenvironmental control on distribution of crinoids in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of England and France AARON W. HUNTER and CHARLIE J. UNDERWOOD Hunter A.W. and Underwood C.J. 2009. Palaeoenvironmental control on distribution of crinoids in the Bathonian (Mid− dle Jurassic) of England and France. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (1): 77–98. Bulk sampling of a number of different marine and marginal marine lithofacies in the British Bathonian has allowed us to as− sess the palaeoenvironmental distribution of crinoids for the first time. Although remains are largely fragmentary, many spe− cies have been identified by comparison with articulated specimens from elsewhere, whilst the large and unbiased sample sizes allowed assessment of relative proportions of different taxa. Results indicate that distribution of crinoids well corre− sponds to particular facies. Ossicles of Chariocrinus and Balanocrinus dominate in deeper−water and lower−energy facies, with the former extending further into shallower−water facies than the latter. Isocrinus dominates in shallower water carbon− ate facies, accompanied by rarer comatulids, and was also present in the more marine parts of lagoons. Pentacrinites remains are abundant in very high−energy oolite shoal lithofacies. The presence of millericrinids within one, partly allochthonous lithofacies suggests the presence of an otherwise unknown hard substrate from which they have been transported. These re− sults are compared to crinoid assemblages from other Mesozoic localities, and it is evident that the same morphological ad− aptations are present within crinoids from similar lithofacies throughout the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Key words: Echinodermata, Crinoidea, lithofacies, palaeoecology, Jurassic, Bathonian, England, France. Aaron W. Hunter [[email protected]] and Charlie J. -
106. Johnson, Young, Brusatte
Edinburgh Research Explorer Emptying the Wastebasket: A Historical and Taxonomic Revision of the Jurassic Crocodylomorph Steneosaurus Citation for published version: Johnson, M, Young, M & Brusatte, S 2020, 'Emptying the Wastebasket: A Historical and Taxonomic Revision of the Jurassic Crocodylomorph Steneosaurus', Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 189, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa027 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa027 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Abstract Teleosauroidea is a clade of successful ancient crocodylomorphs that were integral components of coastal marine environments throughout the Jurassic. For nearly two centuries, one of the most familiar genera of teleosauroids has been Steneosaurus, encompassing nearly every teleosauroid species at some point. However, no type species has been designated for Steneosaurus under ICZN Code rules; the type specimen of the presumed type species S. rostromajor Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1825 (MNHN.RJN 134c-d), is a chimera that has been largely neglected in the literature. -
Thermophysiologies of Jurassic Marine
Thermophysiologies of Jurassic marine crocodylomorphs inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of their tooth apatite Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Jérémy Martin, Mark Young, Heather Middleton, François Fourel, Laurent Picot, Xavier Valentin, Christophe Lécuyer To cite this version: Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Jérémy Martin, Mark Young, Heather Middleton, et al.. Thermophys- iologies of Jurassic marine crocodylomorphs inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of their tooth apatite. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Royal Society, The, 2020, 375 (1793), pp.20190139. 10.1098/rstb.2019.0139. hal-02991781 HAL Id: hal-02991781 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02991781 Submitted on 27 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Submitted to Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B - Issue Page 2 of 28 1 2 Thermophysiologies of Jurassic marine crocodylomorphs inferred 3 4 5 from the oxygen isotope composition of their tooth apatite 6 7 8 9 10 Nicolas Séon1, Romain Amiot1,*, Jeremy E. Martin1, Mark T. Young2, Heather