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Selection of Sampling Pumps Used for Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site

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Selection of Sampling Pumps Used for Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site PNNL-13690 Selection of Sampling Pumps Used for Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site R. Schalla W. D. Webber R. M. Smith November 2001 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL901830 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; prices available from (615) 576-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161 This document was printed on recycled paper. PNNL-13690 Selection of Sampling Pumps Used for Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site R. Schalla W. D. Webber R. M. Smith November 2001 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Summary The variable frequency drive centrifugal submersible pump, Redi-Flo2 made by Grundfos, was selected for universal application for Hanford Site groundwater monitoring. Specifications for the selected pump and five other pumps were evaluated against current and future Hanford groundwater monitoring performance requirements, and the Redi-Flo2 was selected as the most versatile and applicable for the range of monitoring conditions. The Redi-Flo2 pump distinguished itself from the other pumps considered because of its wide range in output flow rate and its comparatively moderate maintenance and low capital costs. The Redi-Flo2 pump is able to purge a well at a high flow rate and then supply water for sampling at a low flow rate. Groundwater sampling using a low-volume-purging technique (e.g., low flow, minimal purge, no purge, or micropurge) is planned in the future, eliminating the need for the pump to supply a high-output flow rate. Under those conditions, the Well Wizard bladder pump, manufactured by QED Environmental Systems, Inc., may be the preferred pump because of the lower capital cost. iii Acronyms ABS - acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene CPVC - chlorinated polyvinyl chloride DNAPL - dense nonaqueous-phase liquid(s) EP - ethylene propylene ETFE - ethyl-tetraethyl-ethylene EVA - ethyl vinyl acetate FEP - fluorinated ethylene propylene FPP - flexible polypropylene FPVC - flexible polyvinyl chloride FRE - fiberglass reinforced epoxy HDPE - high-density polyethylene ID - inside diameter LDPE - low-density polyethylene NAPL - nonaqueous-phase liquid(s) NTU - nepthelometric unit PE - polyethylene PFA - perfluoroalkoxy (resin) PP - polypropylene PTFE - polytetrafluoroethylene PVC - polyvinyl chloride PVDF - polyvinyldine fluoride P(VDF-HEP) - polyvinyldine fluoride-hexaethylpropylene RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act SS - stainless steel TPE - tetrapolyethylene VFD - variable frequency drive XLPE - extra low-density polyethylene v Acknowledgments This document benefited from the contributions and reviews of several individuals. First, I would like to thank my co-authors, William Webber and Ronald M. Smith, for their contributions to this report including scope and presentation. I would also like to thank all of the manufacturers and their technical staff for their candid and honest assessment of their sampling equipment strengths and limitations. Robert E. Peterson was the lead technical reviewer and provided valuable comments to improve the quality of the manuscript. Stuart Luttrell also performed technical review of the entire manuscript. Jim Bush provided additional comments. Bev Johnston provided the editorial review and assisted in the production of this document. Dave Lanigan and Chris Newbill provided the graphics. Lila Andor and Kathy Neiderhiser provided word processing support. At Duratek Federal Services, Marty Gardner and Scott Worley and their field staff provided suggestions to improve the content of the document, especially the appendices. Finally, a special thank you to John Fruchter, Stuart Luttrell, and Dot Stewart for their funding, support, and patience during the production of this report. vii Contents Summary............................................................................................................................................ iii Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................. vii 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1.1 2.0 Conclusions and Recommendations.......................................................................................... 2.1 3.0 Sampling Conditions................................................................................................................. 3.1 3.1 Groundwater System Characteristics ................................................................................ 3.1 3.1.1 Groundwater Chemistry ......................................................................................... 3.1 3.1.2 Turbidity and Other Field Parameters.................................................................... 3.2 3.1.3 Depth to Water and Extraction Points.................................................................... 3.3 3.2 Monitoring System Constraints......................................................................................... 3.3 3.2.1 Lift Requirements................................................................................................... 3.3 3.2.2 Dimensions and Composition of Well Casing and Screen..................................... 3.4 4.0 Potential Influences on Sample Characteristics......................................................................... 4.1 4.1 Well-Bore Mixing ............................................................................................................. 4.1 4.2 Induced Turbidity.............................................................................................................. 4.1 4.3 Pressure Changes............................................................................................................... 4.1 4.4 Seal Leakage..................................................................................................................... 4.2 4.5 Temperature ...................................................................................................................... 4.2 4.6 Well, Pump, and Riser Material ........................................................................................ 4.2 4.6.1 Polymeric Materials............................................................................................... 4.2 4.6.2 Stainless Steel Material Families ........................................................................... 4.3 4.6.3 Potential Influence of Polymeric and Stainless Steel Materials............................. 4.3 4.7 Pumps and Riser Materials in Use at the Hanford Site ..................................................... 4.4 4.8 Pumps and Riser Materials Considered for Use at the Hanford Site ................................ 4.6 5.0 Comparison and Selection of Sampling Pumps......................................................................... 5.1 5.1 Basic Types of Groundwater Pumps for Sampling ........................................................... 5.1 ix 5.2 Description of Six Pumps Evaluated for Groundwater Sampling..................................... 5.2 5.3 Physical Dimensions......................................................................................................... 5.9 5.4 Lift Capability................................................................................................................... 5.10 5.5 Effect on Sample Quality .................................................................................................. 5.11 5.6 Flow-Rate Range............................................................................................................... 5.15 5.7 Power Requirements ......................................................................................................... 5.16 5.8 Maintenance...................................................................................................................... 5.16 5.9 Cost Comparisons ............................................................................................................. 5.17 6.0 Future Sampling Pump Considerations ..................................................................................... 6.1 7.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 7.1 Appendix A - Interactions and Recommendations of Materials........................................................ A.1 Appendix B – Variable Frequency Drive Pump and Groundwater-Sampling
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