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XXII. Instructions by Henry Percy, Ninth Earl of Northumberland, to His Son Algernon Percy, Touching the Management of His Estate, Officers, 8Fc

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XXII. Instructions by Henry Percy, Ninth Earl of Northumberland, to His Son Algernon Percy, Touching the Management of His Estate, Officers, 8Fc 306 XXII. Instructions by Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland, to his son Algernon Percy, touching the management of his Estate, Officers, 8fc. written during his confinement in the Tower: Communicated by JAMES HEYWOOD MARKLAND, Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A. Read June 1 and 8, 1837. THESE Instructions were transcribed by Mr. Malone from a MS. pre- served in the library at Petworth, and by the late Earl of Egremont I was authorised to lay them before the Society of Antiquaries. They form the second of three treatises, all of which were written by Henry Earl of North- umberland, and addressed to his son. The first, written in 1595, consists of thirty-three pages, and is without a title; but we may gather from the intro- ductory paragraph of the following paper, that its object was similar to the present one. The thisd treatise is entitled " Instructions for the Lord Percy in his Travells," and has been printed at length in the " Antiquarian Repertory." a a Vol. iv. p. 374, ed. 1809. In these Instructions his son is directed "to attain the Tongues;" to make diligent researches into the Laws of different countries, the tenures of land, their commo- dities, the people, their manners, dress, exercises, and diseases. The writer observes, with truth, " Thease things are not difficult to enquire, and they will ask but the enquiring to learn them."— Again, " What you observe of worthe take notes of j for when you list to take a reweu, the leaves of yowr bookes are easylyer turnd over, then the leaves of yowr memory." On the subject of religion the writer seems anxious that his son should continue a Protestant, and he advises him to shun intemperance and excesses on the score of health. Higher motives are not urged ; but " Remember," he says, with good feeling, " that you must dye an Englishe man, and love your owen home best, for I know not where yow can be markt with soe good a blessing as God and yowr Couutry hathe markt you withall." Instructions by Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland. 307 Not being possessed of any fresh original materials,b I have no inten- tion of giving a biographical memoir of the author, derived as it must be from sources which are open to all; but it may not be useless to recall to the readers of the following paper, a few of the leading events of his life. Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland, was born in 1564. His father Henry, the eighth Earl, terminated his life in the Tower in 1585, under lamentable circumstances well known, and to which his son alludes in a few guarded words.c " He was one of those stars," says Sir Walter Scott, " who shot madly from their spheres in the cause of the Queen of Scots, and was supposed to have entered with Lord Paget and Throckmorton into a plot for setting her at freedom."d How far he was implicated, seems doubtful; Camden evi- dently regards him as an innocent man, and alludes significantly to " spies having been sent up and down the country to take notice of people's dis- course and lay hold of their words, and that reports of vain and idle stories were countenanced and credited." Upon his death, his son, having just attained his majority, came into possession of his splendid inheritance, and he has described in strong lan- guage the many evils which beset him at this critical period, when parasites and faithless friends appear to have " squeezed the young voluptuous heir." Nor was he, by his own account, fortunate in the choice of his wife. This lady was Dorothy, the daughter of Walter Devereux, the first Earl of Essex, and the widow of Sir Thomas Perrot, Knt.e with whom he intermarried in l' The late Earl of Egremont most kindly offered to my examination the collection of Percy MSS. at Petwerth, but that nobleman's death, long to be deplored for far weightier reasons, prevented my being able to avail myself of this permission. c Vide post, pp. 321, 322. According to Camden and other authorities the Earl was found dead in his bed, shot with three bullets near his left breast j his chamber-door was barred on the inside, and a verdict of self-murder was returned. '' Somers's Tracts, i. 212. e Sir T. Perrot's was a stolen match, and was celebrated under extraordinary circumstances. Two men guarded the church door, with their swords and daggers under their cloaks. A strange minister performed the service " hastily without the surplice, in his cloak, with his riding boots and VOL. xxvir. 2 s 308 Instructions by Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberlan d, 1594. Their tempers may not have assimilated, and slight differences may have been aggravated by the wrongs, real or supposed, which the Earl con- sidered that he had sustained from his wife's relations, especially from Ro- bert Earl of Essex, her brother. The unhappy terms upon which this couple lived may be gathered not only from these " Instructions," but from the fol- lowing entry furnished me by my friend Mr. Hunter: " 1602. Nov. 6. I heard that the Earl of Northumberland lives apart again from his Lady, now she hath brought him an heir, which he said was the solder of their reconcilement. She lives at Sion House with the child, and plays with it, being otherwise of a very melancholy spirit."e—(Harl. MS. 5353.) Brave as he might have been in war, the low estimate which the Earl had formed of the female sex, and which he also evinced by his conduct, gives a most unfavourable colour to his character, and proves that, although " the age of chivalry " was not then passed, its spirit did not animate his bosom. According to Ruthven's letter, the Earl on one occasion dishonorably assaulted " a worthy and virtuous Gentlewoman, and afterwards dispersed abroad certain infamous verses to defame her honor."f Conduct more un- worthy a true knight than this cannot well be imagined. spurs." The Lady "being a daughter of one of the ancient noblesse (though she herself was in the plot), this marriage gave great offence."—Strype's Life of Aylmer (Oxf. ed. 1821), p. 217. e Mr. Hunter remarks : " I have sometimes thought that Shakespear sought to engage the public sympathy in behalf of this Lady, by representing the Lady Percy in Henry IV. in so amiable a light, at a time when the wife of the existing Percy was treated with neglect by her husband, and espe- cially as she was the sister of Essex, the friend of Southampton, Shakespear's great friend and patron." Her burial at Petworth is thus entered: "1619. August. Dorothie, that thrice honourable and right vertuous Lady the Countes of Northumberland ; her corps was interred in the Chappell on the 14 of this month." According to Lysons this Lady's burial is also registered at Isleworth, and he naturally assumes that her interment occurred at that place. Environs of London, vol. iii. p. 112. f Cabala, 356. " The writer was probably the Hon. P. Ruthven, 5th son of William 4th Lord Ruthven and Dirleton. He was an eminent physician, and was confined many years in the Tower of London, whence he was released in 1619. His daughter married Vandyck."—Retrosp. Review, vol. ii. 2nd Ser. p. 30. to his son Algernon Percy. 309 In 1601 he was present at the siege of Ostend, and was perhaps induced to join the army by the persuasions of a class of persons alluded to in the Instructions, There began his quarrel with Sir Francis Vere, and the letters which passed between them in 1602 probably pourtray their characters in lively colours; the Earl intemperate and hot-headed, his opponent cool, collected, and respectful. The arbitrary proceedings adopted against this nobleman in 1605 by James I., chiefly at the instigation of his political antagonist Cecil, form the most important feature in his life. The following extract from Cecil's letter to Sir Thomas Edmondes of the 2nd December 1605, while it details grounds of suspicion against the Earl, shews how slender was the foundation upon which they rested, and the writer's apparent mistrust of the proceedings which he himself had been so instrumental in instituting. " The conspirators, in all the traitorous consultations, were very careful to preserve such noblemen as were Catholics from the blow; for which pur- pose Catesby naming Montagu, Mordaunt and Stourton, and Percy s others, it appeared, that those three were absent without just occasion; and that Catesby had told his complices, which are left alive, a good while before the discovery, that he was sure those three should be absent. Whereupon, those men's religion considered, and the continual conversation in which the prin- cipal conspirators had lived these three years last past with these men, their dearest friends ; His Majesty, and this State, could do no less than they have done, in making sure of their persons ; which being granted, you know there is no other prison for the nobility, especially in any question for matter of State, but the Tower of London ; a matter, wherein I enlarge myself for the form; because you may the better satisfy your own judgment in the like course taken with the Earl of Northumberland, on whom though it cannot be cast that he was absent, yet, because Percy only named him and the S Thomas Percy, the conspirator, was the grandson of Jocelyn Percy, 4th son of Henry 4th Earl of Northumberland [See Collect.
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