Signifying Rappers
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Book of Rhymes: the Poetics of Hip
0465003471_bradley 12/5/08 11:08 AM Page 175 SIX Signifying TWO COMPETITORS FACE one another, encircled by a crowd. One of them begins delivering improvised poetic lines filled with insults and puns. The second responds, trying to outdo his adversary by conjuring up even sharper verbal jabs. This goes on for several rounds until one of them gets tripped up in his words, or until the audience asserts its judgment with cheers or jeers. Such a battle could be happening right now in a Brooklyn basement or at a Bronx block party, at an open-mic night or in a street-corner cipher. It also could have happened three millennia ago, at a poetry contest in ancient Greece. The Greeks may not have been rappers, but they cer- tainly knew how to put on a freestyle battle. The Greek tra- dition of “capping” involved contests between two or more 175 0465003471_bradley 12/5/08 11:08 AM Page 176 176 BOOK OF RHYMES poets matching verses on set themes, responding to one an- other “by varying, punning, riddling, or cleverly modifying” that particular theme. Like today’s freestyle rap battles be- tween rappers, these ancient poetic competitions were largely improvised. As classical scholar Derek Collins ex- plains, “The ability of the live performer to cap his adversary with a verse . while keeping in step with theme and meter at hand and at the same time producing puns, riddles, ridicule, depends among other things upon improvisation.” As with rap battles, the competitive spirit of these Greek rhyme contests sometimes spilled over into physical vio- lence. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Filipino youth cultural politics and DJ culture Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gh239b3 Author Tiongson, Antonio T. Publication Date 2006 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Filipino Youth Cultural Politics and DJ Culture A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies by Antonio T. Tiongson Jr. Committee in charge: Professor Jane Rhodes, Co-Chair Professor Yen Le Espiritu, Co-Chair Professor Rick Bonus Professor Lisa Park Professor Anthony Davis Professor Dylan Rodriguez 2006 Copyright Antonio T. Tiongson Jr., 2006 All rights reserved. Table of Contents Signature Page………………………………………………………………… iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………… iv Vita…………………………………………………………………………….. v Abstract………………………………………………………………………… vi I. Framing Culture: The Politics of Youth Culture and the Negotiation of Cultural Meanings and Identities………………………………………. 1 II. Contextualizing Filipino Migration and Racial Formations…………… 55 III. Hip Hop, DJ Culture, and Filipino Youth……………………………… 92 IV. Reconfiguring the Boundaries of Filipinoness Within the Contexts of U.S. Racial Formations and the Filipino Diaspora…………………….. 129 V. Conclusion: Critical Considerations…………………………………… 181 Appendix A…………………………………………………………………….. 187 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………. 206 iv VITA 1987-1991 B.A. in Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley 1992-1994 M.A. in Clinical Psychology at San Francisco State University 1994 Completed a Master’s Thesis, Sexual and Contraceptive Knowledge and Efficacy Among Pilipinos and Other Ethnic Groups, exploring sexual and contraceptive knowledge among Filipino youth compared to other ethnic groups using both quantitative and qualitative methods. San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 1994-1995 M.A. -
«What Does It Take to Authenticate My Nigganess?» …
«What Does it Take to Authenticate my Nigganess?» … En studie av Nas’ autentisitet og hans tilknytning til Conscious rap Ingvar Örn Þrastarson Masteroppgave i musikkvitenskap Institutt for musikkvitenskap Høst 2012 Universitetet i Oslo Bildet på forsiden er tegnet av Omar Williams, og er brukt med kunstnerens tillatelse. Bildets URL: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- iBeqcEN0uZ0/TcJDF34UAxI/AAAAAAAAACA/vRzs3sz5uDU/s1600/Sketch%25235.JPG Forord Denne masteroppgaven er et resultat av mitt flerårige arbeid med hiphopkulturen i USA i et bredt perspektiv, og prosessen har vært lang og krevende, men mest av alt interessant og lærerik. Til å begynne med vil jeg takke min veileder Anne Danielsen for inspirerende og motiverende veiledningsmøter, interessante diskusjoner og innsiktsfulle kommentarer. Din kunnskap og din tilgjengelighet har vært av helt avgjørende betydning for prosessen. Jeg vil også rette en stor takk til mine nærmeste venner for uvurderlig støtte – særlig i innspurtsperioden – og til mine medstudenter for motiverende samtaler med stort faglig utbytte, samt utallige kaffepauser. Tusen takk til mine eminente korrekturlesere Kirsti Vogt og Linn Astrid Blix Torget for grundig og effektivt arbeid. Til slutt, men ikke minst, vil jeg takke min nærmeste familie for støtte, tilstedeværelse og for å ha troen på meg. Det betyr mye. Oslo, november 2012 Ingvar Örn Þrastarson II III INNHOLD Forord ........................................................................................................................................ II 1. Innledning -
Rap As It Reaches a Mass Audience
University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Images of African-American Masculinity in Hip Hop Music Petra Filipová Master thesis 2011 Prohlašuji: Tuto práci jsem vypracovala samostatně. Veškeré literární prameny a informace, které jsem v práci využila, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. Byla jsem seznámena s tím, že se na moji práci vztahují práva a povinnosti vyplývající ze zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, zejména se skutečností, že Univerzita Pardubice má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy o užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona, a s tím, že pokud dojde k užití této práce mnou nebo bude poskytnuta licence o užití jinému subjektu, je Univezita Pardubice oprávněna ode mne požadovat přiměřený příspěvek na úhradu nákladů, které na vytvoření díla vynaložila, a to podle okolností až do jejich skutečné výše. Souhlasím s prezenčním zpřístupňením své práce v Univerzitní knihovně. V Pardubicích dne 24. března 2011 Petra Filipová ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to express my gratitude to Mgr. Šárka Bubíková, Ph.D. for her valuable guidance throughout the process of writing my thesis. Furthermore, I would like to thank my parents for their lifelong help and support. Abstract The thesis deals with depictions of African-American masculinity in hip hop music. It analyzes the ways black masculinity is portrayed in hip hop and what stereotypes the images generate. The analysis essentially targets the lyrical content of commercial rap as it reaches a mass audience. The initial part focuses on rap’s recurrent themes and attempts to identify the stereotypes it supports. The following chapters try to explain the origin of the narrow portrayals, considering both American and African-American socio-cultural background. -
4 HEP CATS and COPY CATS Handlers Who Manipulated the Copyright Laws to Deny Him Long-Term Rewards for His Brilliant Work
4 Hep Cats and Copy Cats American Music Challenges the CopyrightTradition SHIRLEY DIXON WAS thirteen years old in 1976, when she first played the Led Zeppelin song "Whole Lotta Love" for her father. Shir• ley had borrowed the 1969 album Led Zeppelin II from a friend because the hit song from it had reminded her of one of her father's composi• tions.1 Her father was the legendary blues composer, performer, pro• ducer, and bass player Willie Dixon. Young Shirley was well versed in the "property talk" of copyright law. She had been typing her father's lyrics and filling in copyright registration forms since she was eight years old. Shirley applied her keen ear and mind to the Led Zeppelin song and concluded "Whole Lotta Love" reminded her of her father's writing style. He agreed that "Whole Lotta Love" sounded like his ob• scure song "You Need Love," which was recorded by Muddy Waters in 1962.2 Willie Dixon filed suit in 1985 against the British rock group. They settled their dispute in 1987. Although this case never made it as far as a court hearing, the tensions between an older blues composer and younger hit makers illustrate many of the contradictions and complica• tions of American music copyright. Music, more than any other vehicle of culture, collapses the gap that separates idea from expression. Is the string of six notes that initi• ates "Happy Birthday to You" an idea, an expression, or both? If it is an idea, there must be another way to express the same idea. -
Kickin' Reality, Kickin' Ballistics: 'Gangsta Rap' and Postindustrial Los Angeles
" , , " "'.t RACE REBELS Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class ROBIN D. G. KELLEY I~I THE FREE PRESS New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Chapter 8 Kickin' Reality, Kickin' Ballistics "Gangsta Rap" and Postindustrial LosAngeles In ways that we do not easily or willingly define, the gangster speaks Cor us, expressing that pan oC the American psyche which rejects the qualities and the demands of modem life, which rejects "Americanism II itsel[ -RoBERT WAJlSHOW, "The Gangster as a Tragic Hero"l Oppressed peoples cannot avoid admiring their own nihilists, who are [he ones dramatically saying "No!" and reminding others that there are worse things than death. -EUGENE GENOVESE, Roll,jonian. RollI foreWORD: South Central Los Angeles, April 29, 1992 Believe it or not, I began working on this chapter well over a year be fore the Los Angeles Rebellion of 1992, and at least two or three months before Rodney King was turned into a martyr by several p0- lice officers and a video camera.) Of course, the rebellion both en riched and complicated my effons to make sense of gangsta rap in late twentieth-century Los Angeles. West Coast gangsta-flavored hip hop--especially in its fonnative stage-was, in some ways, a forebod ing of the insurrection. The previous two years of "research" I spent rocking, bopping, and wincing to gangsta narratives of everyday life 183 184 Rae< Reb</s Kiekln' Reality, Kickin' BaUistics 185 were (if I may sample Mike Davis) very much like "excavating the fu gangsta rap is (aside from often very funky music to drive to) a win ture in Los Angeles." lee T, truly the "OG" (Original Gangster) of L.A. -
Ladi6, Urthboy and K'naan
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2018 The political limits of the conscious MC brand: Ladi6, Urthboy and K’naan Annalise Friend University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Friend, Annalise, The political limits of the conscious MC brand: Ladi6, Urthboy and K’naan, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of the Arts, English and Media, University of Wollongong, 2018.