The Retrieval Effectiveness of Web Search Engines
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Internet Economy 25 Years After .Com
THE INTERNET ECONOMY 25 YEARS AFTER .COM TRANSFORMING COMMERCE & LIFE March 2010 25Robert D. Atkinson, Stephen J. Ezell, Scott M. Andes, Daniel D. Castro, and Richard Bennett THE INTERNET ECONOMY 25 YEARS AFTER .COM TRANSFORMING COMMERCE & LIFE March 2010 Robert D. Atkinson, Stephen J. Ezell, Scott M. Andes, Daniel D. Castro, and Richard Bennett The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation I Ac KNOW L EDGEMEN T S The authors would like to thank the following individuals for providing input to the report: Monique Martineau, Lisa Mendelow, and Stephen Norton. Any errors or omissions are the authors’ alone. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Robert D. Atkinson is President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Stephen J. Ezell is a Senior Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Scott M. Andes is a Research Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Daniel D. Castro is a Senior Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Richard Bennett is a Research Fellow at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. ABOUT THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOUNDATION The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a Washington, DC-based think tank at the cutting edge of designing innovation policies and exploring how advances in technology will create new economic opportunities to improve the quality of life. Non-profit, and non-partisan, we offer pragmatic ideas that break free of economic philosophies born in eras long before the first punch card computer and well before the rise of modern China and pervasive globalization. ITIF, founded in 2006, is dedicated to conceiving and promoting the new ways of thinking about technology-driven productivity, competitiveness, and globalization that the 21st century demands. -
A Study on Vertical and Broad-Based Search Engines
International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology IJLTET Special Issue- ICRACSC-2016 , pp.087-093 e-ISSN: 2278-621X A STUDY ON VERTICAL AND BROAD-BASED SEARCH ENGINES M.Swathi1 and M.Swetha2 Abstract-Vertical search engines or Domain-specific search engines[1][2] are becoming increasingly popular because they offer increased accuracy and extra features not possible with general, Broad-based search engines or Web-wide search engines. The paper focuses on the survey of domain specific search engine which is becoming more popular as compared to Web- Wide Search Engines as they are difficult to maintain and time consuming .It is also difficult to provide appropriate documents to represent the target data. We also listed various vertical search engines and Broad-based search engines. Index terms: Domain specific search, vertical search engines, broad based search engines. I. INTRODUCTION The Web has become a very rich source of information for almost any field, ranging from music to histories, from sports to movies, from science to culture, and many more. However, it has become increasingly difficult to search for desired information on the Web. Users are facing the problem of information overload , in which a search on a general-purpose search engine such as Google (www.google.com) results in thousands of hits.Because a user cannot specify a search domain (e.g. medicine, music), a search query may bring up Web pages both within and outside the desired domain. Example 1: A user searching for “cancer” may get Web pages related to the disease as well as those related to the Zodiac sign. -
Evaluation of Web-Based Search Engines Using User-Effort Measures
Evaluation of Web-Based Search Engines Using User-Effort Measures Muh-Chyun Tang and Ying Sun 4 Huntington St. School of Information, Communication and Library Studies Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This paper presents a study of the applicability of three user-effort-sensitive evaluation measures —“first 20 full precision,” “search length,” and “rank correlation”—on four Web-based search engines (Google, AltaVista, Excite and Metacrawler). The authors argue that these measures are better alternatives than precision and recall in Web search situations because of their emphasis on the quality of ranking. Eight sets of search topics were collected from four Ph.D. students in four different disciplines (biochemistry, industrial engineering, economics, and urban planning). Each participant was asked to provide two topics along with the corresponding query terms. Their relevance and credibility judgment of the Web pages were then used to compare the performance of the search engines using these three measures. The results show consistency among these three ranking evaluation measures, more so between “first 20 full precision” and search length than between rank correlation and the other two measures. Possible reasons for rank correlation’s disagreement with the other two measures are discussed. Possible future research to improve these measures is also addressed. Introduction The explosive growth of information on the World Wide Web poses a challenge to traditional information retrieval (IR) research. Other than the sheer amount of information, some structural factors make searching for relevant and quality information on the Web a formidable task. -
Internet and Information About Nuclear Sciences
SK00K0107 INTERNET AND INFORMATION ABOUT NUCLEAR SCIENCES. THE WORLD WIDE WEB VIRTUAL LIBRARY: NUCLEAR SCIENCES Jozef KURUC Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina CH-1, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, E-mail: [email protected] Similarly as in other areas, as well as in chemistry, INTERNET has brought revolutionary changes in searching, processing of information and in.the teaching of chemistry [1], The powerful instrument in searching of information in INTERNET are different browsers of the web-pages (www.altavista.com, www.yahoo.com, search.excite.com, www.webcrawier.com, www.iycos.com, infoseeek.go.com, www.hotbot.com, www.zoznam.sk, www.kompas.sk www.seznam.cz and other) [2], but they usually give over-much number of web-pages. Sometimes is ill and slowly to obtain necessary information from so over- much number searched and offered web-pages. By searching in the INTERNET assists the advanced searching, but sometimes it does not conduce to searched information. For assistance by the solving of these problems and for speeding-up of the work serve specialised servers, which give grouped information from certain scientific area and first and foremost links for next relative relevant web-links and web-pages, which are in the area of chemistry, for example, Yahoo- Chemistry-Server [3], list of Mendeleev periodic tables of elements [4], from which each provides certain supplementary information about properties of individual elements, isotopes, occasionally radionuclides. Some of them provide more detail information about radioisotopes [5-7], in nuclear physics it is, for example, Nuclear Info WWW Server [8}. -
How to Choose a Search Engine Or Directory
How to Choose a Search Engine or Directory Fields & File Types If you want to search for... Choose... Audio/Music AllTheWeb | AltaVista | Dogpile | Fazzle | FindSounds.com | Lycos Music Downloads | Lycos Multimedia Search | Singingfish Date last modified AllTheWeb Advanced Search | AltaVista Advanced Web Search | Exalead Advanced Search | Google Advanced Search | HotBot Advanced Search | Teoma Advanced Search | Yahoo Advanced Web Search Domain/Site/URL AllTheWeb Advanced Search | AltaVista Advanced Web Search | AOL Advanced Search | Google Advanced Search | Lycos Advanced Search | MSN Search Search Builder | SearchEdu.com | Teoma Advanced Search | Yahoo Advanced Web Search File Format AllTheWeb Advanced Web Search | AltaVista Advanced Web Search | AOL Advanced Search | Exalead Advanced Search | Yahoo Advanced Web Search Geographic location Exalead Advanced Search | HotBot Advanced Search | Lycos Advanced Search | MSN Search Search Builder | Teoma Advanced Search | Yahoo Advanced Web Search Images AllTheWeb | AltaVista | The Amazing Picture Machine | Ditto | Dogpile | Fazzle | Google Image Search | IceRocket | Ixquick | Mamma | Picsearch Language AllTheWeb Advanced Web Search | AOL Advanced Search | Exalead Advanced Search | Google Language Tools | HotBot Advanced Search | iBoogie Advanced Web Search | Lycos Advanced Search | MSN Search Search Builder | Teoma Advanced Search | Yahoo Advanced Web Search Multimedia & video All TheWeb | AltaVista | Dogpile | Fazzle | IceRocket | Singingfish | Yahoo Video Search Page Title/URL AOL Advanced -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
Acquisition Research Sponsored Report Series
65536= 1pt ACQUISITION RESEARCH SPONSORED REPORT SERIES ReSEARCH: A Requirements Search Engine: Progress Report 2 September 2008 by Paige Adams ([email protected]) Pranav Anand ([email protected]) Grant Gehrke ([email protected]) Ralucca Gera ([email protected]) Marco Draeger ([email protected]) Craig Martell ([email protected]) Kevin Squire ([email protected]) Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. Prepared for: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943 The research presented in this report was supported by the Acquisition Chair of the Grad- uate School of Business & Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School. To request Defense Acquisition Research or to become a research sponsor, please contact: NPS Acquisition Research Program Attn: James B. Greene, RADM, USN, (Ret) Acquisition Chair Graduate School of Business and Public Policy Naval Postgraduate School 555 Dyer Road, Room 332 Monterey, CA 93943-5103 Tel: (831) 656-2092 Fax: (831) 656-2253 email: [email protected] Copies of the Acquisition Sponsored Research Reports may be printed from our website www.acquisitionresearch.org Abstract This research addresses three closely related problems. (1) Most current search technology is based on a popularity metric (e.g., PageRank or ExpertRank), but not on the semantic content of the searched document. (2) When building components in a service- oriented architecture (SOA), developers must investigate whether components that meet certain requirements already exist. (3) There is no easy way for writers of requirements documents to formally specify the meaning and domain of their requirements. Our goal in the research presented here is to address these concerns by designing a search engine that searches over the “meanings" of requirements documents. -
Web Searching in Chinese: a Study of a Search Engine in Hong Kong
Web Searching in Chinese: A Study of a Search Engine in Hong Kong Michael Chau School of Business, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. E-mail: [email protected] Xiao Fang College of Business Administration, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606. E-mail: [email protected] Christopher C. Yang Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. E-mail: [email protected] The number of non-English resources has been increas- query to a search engine. While most Web contents are in ing rapidly on the Web. Although many studies have English, there are increasingly more Web pages that are au- been conducted on the query logs in search engines that thored in other languages. Besides, many Web users are not are primarily English-based (e.g., Excite and AltaVista), only a few of them have studied the information-seeking native English speakers; some even do not know English at behavior on the Web in non-English languages. In this all. It has been estimated that only around 36.5% of Internet article, we report the analysis of the search-query logs of users are native English speakers (Global Reach, 2004). a search engine that focused on Chinese. Three months Consequently, it is common for users to perform Web of search-query logs of Timway, a search engine based searches for non-English resources. While most large com- in Hong Kong, were collected and analyzed. Metrics on sessions, queries, search topics, and character usage mercial search engines such as Google can handle queries in are reported. -
NSF Sensational 60
Cover credits Background: © 2010 JupiterImages Corporation Inset credits (left to right): Courtesy Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Gemini Observatory; Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation; Zee Evans, National Science Foundation; Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation; Zina Deretsky, National Science Foundation, adapted from map by Chris Harrison, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University; Tobias Hertel, Insti- tute for Physical Chemistry, University of Würzburg Design by: Adrian Apodaca, National Science Foundation 1 Introduction The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. Congress passed legislation creating the NSF in 1950 and President Harry S. Truman signed that legislation on May 10, 1950, creating a government agency that funds research in the basic sciences, engineering, mathematics and technology. NSF is the federal agency responsible for nonmedical research in all fields of science, engineering, education and technology. NSF funding is approved through the federal budget process. In fiscal year (FY) 2010, its budget is about $6.9 billion. NSF has an independent governing body called the National Science Board (NSB) that oversees and helps direct NSF programs and activities. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 universities and institutions. NSF is the funding source for approximately 20 percent of all federally supported basic research conducted by America’s colleges and universities. Each year, NSF receives over 45,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes over 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards over $400 million in professional and service contracts yearly. NSF has a total workforce of about 1,700 at its Arlington, Va., headquarters, including approximately 1,200 career employees, 150 scientists from research institutions on temporary duty, 200 contract workers and the staff of the NSB office and the Office of the Inspector General. -
Rising to the Top: Evoluoting the Lmprove Retrievol of World Wide
258/ Risingto the Top:Evoluoting the Useof the HTMLMETA Tog lo lmproveRetrievol of WorldWide WebDocuments through InfernefSeorch Engines ThomqsP. Turner ond LiseBrockbill imp rooe re sourc e dis cot: ery. rn |. he problernot'finding materialson the details the number of pagesindexed byvar- \\brld \\'ide \\zeb has been discussed in ious Intemet search enflnes; in addition, library and in{brmation science journals, the speed ol the systerns is evaluated computer literature, and the popular me- (Mele; 1998). Other authors have analyzed dia Internet search engines have been particular aspects of Internet search en- developed to aid in finding rnaterials; how- gines, such as their retrieval precision ever,their per{brmances vary considerably. (Leighton and Srivastava1997), their us- Numerous re.searchers have evaluated abillty (Pollock and Hockley 1997), and these tools and have detailedtheir streneths their indexins methods (Srinivasan, Ruiz, and rveaknesses.Melee's lndexing Cover- and Larn 1906). Some researchers ha't'e ageAnalysis (MICA) report. issuedrveekly, ofl'ered advice to the authors of Hypertext THoMAs P Tunr-rn (tpt2@corr-relledu) is lvletadataLibrarian, Albert R Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, Nerv York Ltst BnacxsILL ([email protected] lib,or us) is Technol- ogv Trarner, Multnomal.r County Library Portland, Oregon Manuscript received February 4, 1998; accepted lbr publication April 17, 1998 LRTS . 12(4) . Rising to the Top /259 Markup Language (HTML) documents METADATA AND THE about improving retrieval of their materials HTML META TeC The current research rvas designed to de- termine how uselul one rnithod, the Much has been rvritten about the impor- HTML META tag. is in irnprovingaccessi- tance of metadata for understanding and bility via Interneisearch engnes; here lve usingelectronic resources This literiture focus on indexins rather than on search en- shedslight on the types of issuesthat the gine per{ormance. -
Information Rereival, Part 1
11/4/2019 Information Retrieval Deepak Kumar Information Retrieval Searching within a document collection for a particular needed information. 1 11/4/2019 Query Search Engines… Altavista Entireweb Leapfish Spezify Ask Excite Lycos Stinky Teddy Baidu Faroo Maktoob Stumpdedia Bing Info.com Miner.hu Swisscows Blekko Fireball Monster Crawler Teoma ChaCha Gigablast Naver Walla Dogpile Google Omgili WebCrawler Daum Go Rediff Yahoo! Dmoz Goo Scrub The Web Yandex Du Hakia Seznam Yippy Egerin HotBot Sogou Youdao ckDuckGo Soso 2 11/4/2019 Search Engine Marketshare 2019 3 11/4/2019 Search Engine Marketshare 2017 Matching & Ranking matched pages ranked pages 1. 2. query 3. muddy waters matching ranking “hits” 4 11/4/2019 Index Inverted Index • A mapping from content (words) to location. • Example: the cat sat on the dog stood on the cat stood 1 2 3 the mat the mat while a dog sat 5 11/4/2019 Inverted Index the cat sat on the dog stood on the cat stood 1 2 3 the mat the mat while a dog sat a 3 cat 1 3 dog 2 3 mat 1 2 on 1 2 sat 1 3 stood 2 3 the 1 2 3 while 3 Inverted Index the cat sat on the dog stood on the cat stood 1 2 3 the mat the mat while a dog sat a 3 cat 1 3 dog 2 3 mat 1 2 Every word in every on 1 2 web page is indexed! sat 1 3 stood 2 3 the 1 2 3 while 3 6 11/4/2019 Searching the cat sat on the dog stood on the cat stood 1 2 3 the mat the mat while a dog sat a 3 cat 1 3 query dog 2 3 mat 1 2 cat on 1 2 sat 1 3 stood 2 3 the 1 2 3 while 3 Searching the cat sat on the dog stood on the cat stood 1 2 3 the mat the mat while a dog sat a 3 cat -
Cut Foliage Grower Volume 15, Number 4 October–December, 2000
EXTENSION Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Editor: Robert H. Stamps Christine Taylor Waddill, Dean, Cooperative Extension Cut Foliage Grower Volume 15, Number 4 October–December, 2000 Searching for Information on the Internet Please note: In the fast 1 moving world of the Robert H. Stamps Internet, companies, web sites, addresses, The amount of information available on the Internet is immense and categories, features, etc. growing rapidly. It is estimated that there are 2 billion pages (2) on the change and come and WWW (see Table 1 - glossary) alone. Despite, or perhaps because of, this go rapidly. Therefore, plethora of knowledge, it can be frustrating trying to find information some of the information about a specific topic. Of course, the quality of the information found can contained herein may be obsolete by the time this vary from worthless to extremely useful — but that is a topic for another is published. article. Luckily there are tools that can make the job of finding the information you need easier. These are directories and search engines. In addition, there are metasearch tools that can connect to several directories and/or search engines at a time, purportedly saving you time and effort and returning a greater number of informative hits than available from a single directory or search engine (more on this later). Directories (Table 2) are classification systems created by editors. They are a hierarchal set of specific categories into which selected Web sites are placed. Yahoo, which has evolved into a Web portal (see glossary), started out and still contains a directory.