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The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’S Revolutionary Guard
The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’s Revolutionary Guard SAEID GOLKAR AUGUST 2021 KASRA AARABI Contents Executive Summary 4 The Raisi Administration, the IRGC and the Creation of a New Islamic Government 6 The IRGC as the Foundation of Raisi’s Islamic Government The Clergy and the Guard: An Inseparable Bond 16 No Coup in Sight Upholding Clerical Superiority and Preserving Religious Legitimacy The Importance of Understanding the Guard 21 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to the IRGC A New Model for Understanding the IRGC’s Intra-elite Factionalism 25 The Economic Vertex The Political Vertex The Security-Intelligence Vertex Charting IRGC Commanders’ Positions on the New Model Shades of Islamism: The Ideological Spectrum in the IRGC Conclusion 32 About the Authors 33 Saeid Golkar Kasra Aarabi Endnotes 34 4 The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi Executive Summary “The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [IRGC] has excelled in every field it has entered both internationally and domestically, including security, defence, service provision and construction,” declared Ayatollah Ebrahim Raisi, then chief justice of Iran, in a speech to IRGC commanders on 17 March 2021.1 Four months on, Raisi, who assumes Iran’s presidency on 5 August after the country’s June 2021 election, has set his eyes on further empowering the IRGC with key ministerial and bureaucratic positions likely to be awarded to guardsmen under his new government. There is a clear reason for this ambition. Expanding the power of the IRGC serves the interests of both Raisi and his 82-year-old mentor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic. -
Iranian Strategy in Syria
*SBOJBO4USBUFHZJO4ZSJB #:8JMM'VMUPO KPTFQIIPMMJEBZ 4BN8ZFS BKPJOUSFQPSUCZ"&*ŦT$SJUJDBM5ISFBUT1SPKFDUJ/45*565&'035)&456%:0'8"3 .BZ All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ©2013 by Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project Cover Image: Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad, and Hezbollah’s Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah appear together on a poster in Damascus, Syria. Credit: Inter Press Service News Agency Iranian strategy in syria Will Fulton, Joseph Holliday, & Sam wyer May 2013 A joint Report by AEI’s critical threats project & Institute for the Study of War ABOUT US About the Authors Will Fulton is an Analyst and the IRGC Project Team Lead at the Critical Threats Project at the American Enterprise Institute. Joseph Holliday is a Fellow at the Institute for the Study of War. Sam Wyer served as an Iraq Analyst at ISW from September 2012 until February 2013. The authors would like to thank Kim and Fred Kagan, Jessica Lewis, and Aaron Reese for their useful insights throughout the writing and editorial process, and Maggie Rackl for her expert work on formatting and producing this report. We would also like to thank our technology partners Praescient Analytics and Palantir Technologies for providing us with the means and support to do much of the research and analysis used in our work. About the Institute for the Study of War The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) is a non-partisan, non-profit, public policy research organization. ISW advances an informed understanding of military affairs through reliable research, trusted analysis, and innovative education. -
Fly Fauna of Livestock's of Marvdasht County of Fars Province In
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 54 (1), pp. 85–98 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/038.54.2019.008 Fly Fauna of Livestock’s of Marvdasht County of Fars Province in the South of Iran A. ANSARI POUR1, S. TIRGARI1*, J. SHAKARAMI2, S. IMANI1 and A. F. DOUSTI3 1Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran 3Department of Plant Protection, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Fars Iran (Received: 5 August 2018; accepted: 13 August 2018) Flies damage the livestock industry in many ways, including damages, physical disturbances, the transmissions of pathogens and the emergence of problems for livestock like Myiasis. In this research, the fauna of flies of Marvdasht County was investigating, which is one of the central counties of Fars province in southern Iran. In this study, a total of 20 species of flies from 6 families and 15 genera have been identified and reported. The species collected are as follows: Muscidae: Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, Musca autumnalis* De Geer, 1776, Stomoxys calci- trans** Linnaeus, 1758, Haematobia irritans** Linnaeus, 1758 Fanniidae: Fannia canicularis* Linnaeus, 1761 Calliphoridae: Calliphora vomitoria* Linnaeus, 1758, Chrysomya albiceps* Wiedemann, 1819, Lu- cilia caesar* Linnaeus, 1758, Lucilia sericata* Meigen, 1826, Lucilia cuprina* Wiedemann, 1830 Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga africa* Wiedemann, 1824, Sarcophaga aegyptica* Salem, 1935, Wohl- fahrtia magnifica** Schiner, 1862 Tabanidae: Tabanus autumnalis* Linnaeus, 1761, Tabanus bromius* Linnaeus, 1758 Syrphidae: Eristalis tenax* Linnaeus, 1758, Syritta pipiens* Linnaeus, 1758, Eupeodes nuba* Wiede- mann, 1830, Syrphus vitripennis** Meigen, 1822, Scaeva albomaculata* Macquart, 1842 Species identified with * for the first time in the county and the species marked with ** are reported for the first time from the Fars province. -
Geographic Variation in Mesalina Watsonana (Sauria: Lacertidae) Along a Latitudinal Cline on the Iranian Plateau
SALAMANDRA 49(3) 171–176 30 October 2013 CorrespondenceISSN 0036–3375 Correspondence Geographic variation in Mesalina watsonana (Sauria: Lacertidae) along a latitudinal cline on the Iranian Plateau Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 1, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani 1, 2 & Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani 1 1) Iranian Plateau Herpetology Research Group (IPHRG), Faculty of Science, Razi University, 6714967346 Kermanshah, Iran 2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran Corresponding author: Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 23 January 2013 Iran is geologically structured by several major mountain We also examined the extent of sexual dimorphism as ranges, plateaus and basins, including the Zagros and El- evident in the 28 metric and meristic characters examined burz Mountains, the Central Plateau, and the Eastern between the 39 adult males (15 Zagros; 10 South; 14 East) Highlands (Berberian & King 1981). Mesalina watson and 21 adult females (Tab. 3) by means of statistical analy- ana (Stoliczka, 1872) is one of the 14 species of the genus sis. The analyses were run using ANOVA and with SPSS Mesalina Gray, 1838 and has a wide distribution range in 16.0 for a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, NW India and some parts of on the correlation matrix of seven characters to identify Turkmenistan (Anderson 1999, Rastegar-Pouyani et al. groups that were possibly clustered. While 21 of the char- 2007, Khan 2006). It is well known that size and morpho- acter states examined proved to show no significant varia- logical adaptations of a species are closely linked to its habi- tion between the two latitudinal zones, the seven that had tat selection, determine its capability of colonising an area, P-values of < 0.05 (Tab. -
Quake Hits Iran-Iraq Border Region 11 December 2017
Quake hits Iran-Iraq border region 11 December 2017 The Kermanshah quake left more than 12,000 people injured and thousands homeless, and came at the start of the cold season in the mountainous region. The area has seen some 1,200 aftershocks since last month, most of them below magnitude 4, Mehr news agency reported on Saturday. Monday's tremor sparked panic among the population of Kermanshah, causing heavy traffic in the city as citizens rushed to the street, local media reported. The epicentre of a 5.4-strength earthquake December Iran sits on top of two major tectonic plates and 11, 2017 was in Iraq's Halabja, some 20 kilometres (12.5 sees frequent seismic activity. miles) north of the Iranian town of Ezgeleh in Kermanshah province On December 1, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake hit Iran's eastern province of Kerman, with no casualties. A tremor shook Kermanshah province in western © 2017 AFP Iran near Iraq's border Monday, causing panic a month after a major quake killed hundreds of people there, state media and officials said. Two hours after the tremor the state broadcaster, quoting the head of the crisis management cell in Kermanshah province, said there were no reports of damage or deaths. The University of Tehran's seismology centre said a 6.0-magnitude quake shook the area while the US Geological Survey put it at 5.4. The epicentre was in Iraq's Halabja, some 20 kilometres (12.5 miles) north of the Iranian town of Ezgeleh in Kermanshah province. On November 12 a major 7.3-magnitude quake killed 620 people in Kermanshah province, according to the latest death toll provided Monday by Tasnim news agency. -
Spatial Epidemiology of Rabies in Iran
Aus dem Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut eingereicht über den Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Spatial Epidemiology of Rabies in Iran Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Rouzbeh Bashar Tierarzt aus Teheran, Iran Berlin 2019 Journal-Nr.: 4015 'ĞĚƌƵĐŬƚŵŝƚ'ĞŶĞŚŵŝŐƵŶŐĚĞƐ&ĂĐŚďĞƌĞŝĐŚƐsĞƚĞƌŝŶćƌŵĞĚŝnjŝŶ ĚĞƌ&ƌĞŝĞŶhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚćƚĞƌůŝŶ ĞŬĂŶ͗ hŶŝǀ͘ͲWƌŽĨ͘ƌ͘:ƺƌŐĞŶĞŶƚĞŬ ƌƐƚĞƌ'ƵƚĂĐŚƚĞƌ͗ WƌŽĨ͘ƌ͘&ƌĂŶnj:͘ŽŶƌĂƚŚƐ ǁĞŝƚĞƌ'ƵƚĂĐŚƚĞƌ͗ hŶŝǀ͘ͲWƌŽĨ͘ƌ͘DĂƌĐƵƐŽŚĞƌƌ ƌŝƚƚĞƌ'ƵƚĂĐŚƚĞƌ͗ Wƌ͘<ĞƌƐƚŝŶŽƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĞƐŬƌŝƉƚŽƌĞŶ;ŶĂĐŚͲdŚĞƐĂƵƌƵƐͿ͗ ZĂďŝĞƐ͕DĂŶ͕ŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ŽŐƐ͕ƉŝĚĞŵŝŽůŽŐLJ͕ƌĂŝŶ͕/ŵŵƵŶŽĨůƵŽƌĞƐĐĞŶĐĞ͕/ƌĂŶ dĂŐĚĞƌWƌŽŵŽƚŝŽŶ͗Ϯϴ͘Ϭϯ͘ϮϬϭϵ ŝďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝƐĐŚĞ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶĚĞƌĞƵƚƐĐŚĞŶEĂƚŝŽŶĂůďŝďůŝŽƚŚĞŬ ŝĞĞƵƚƐĐŚĞEĂƚŝŽŶĂůďŝďůŝŽƚŚĞŬǀĞƌnjĞŝĐŚŶĞƚĚŝĞƐĞWƵďůŝŬĂƚŝŽŶŝŶĚĞƌĞƵƚƐĐŚĞŶEĂƚŝŽŶĂůďŝͲ ďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝĞ͖ ĚĞƚĂŝůůŝĞƌƚĞ ďŝďůŝŽŐƌĂĨŝƐĐŚĞ ĂƚĞŶ ƐŝŶĚ ŝŵ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ƺďĞƌ фŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŶď͘ĚĞх ĂďƌƵĨďĂƌ͘ /^E͗ϵϳϴͲϯͲϴϲϯϴϳͲϵϳϮͲϯ ƵŐů͗͘ĞƌůŝŶ͕&ƌĞŝĞhŶŝǀ͕͘ŝƐƐ͕͘ϮϬϭϵ ŝƐƐĞƌƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕&ƌĞŝĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚćƚĞƌůŝŶ ϭϴϴ ŝĞƐĞƐtĞƌŬŝƐƚƵƌŚĞďĞƌƌĞĐŚƚůŝĐŚŐĞƐĐŚƺƚnjƚ͘ ůůĞ ZĞĐŚƚĞ͕ ĂƵĐŚ ĚŝĞ ĚĞƌ mďĞƌƐĞƚnjƵŶŐ͕ ĚĞƐ EĂĐŚĚƌƵĐŬĞƐ ƵŶĚ ĚĞƌ sĞƌǀŝĞůĨćůƚŝŐƵŶŐ ĚĞƐ ƵĐŚĞƐ͕ ŽĚĞƌ dĞŝůĞŶ ĚĂƌĂƵƐ͕ǀŽƌďĞŚĂůƚĞŶ͘<ĞŝŶdĞŝůĚĞƐtĞƌŬĞƐĚĂƌĨŽŚŶĞƐĐŚƌŝĨƚůŝĐŚĞ'ĞŶĞŚŵŝŐƵŶŐĚĞƐsĞƌůĂŐĞƐŝŶŝƌŐĞŶĚĞŝŶĞƌ&Žƌŵ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵnjŝĞƌƚŽĚĞƌƵŶƚĞƌsĞƌǁĞŶĚƵŶŐĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶŝƐĐŚĞƌ^LJƐƚĞŵĞǀĞƌĂƌďĞŝƚĞƚ͕ǀĞƌǀŝĞůĨćůƚŝŐƚŽĚĞƌǀĞƌďƌĞŝƚĞƚǁĞƌĚĞŶ͘ ŝĞ tŝĞĚĞƌŐĂďĞ ǀŽŶ 'ĞďƌĂƵĐŚƐŶĂŵĞŶ͕ tĂƌĞŶďĞnjĞŝĐŚŶƵŶŐĞŶ͕ ƵƐǁ͘ ŝŶ ĚŝĞƐĞŵ tĞƌŬ ďĞƌĞĐŚƚŝŐƚ ĂƵĐŚ ŽŚŶĞ ďĞƐŽŶĚĞƌĞ <ĞŶŶnjĞŝĐŚŶƵŶŐ ŶŝĐŚƚ njƵ ĚĞƌ ŶŶĂŚŵĞ͕ ĚĂƐƐ ƐŽůĐŚĞ EĂŵĞŶ ŝŵ ^ŝŶŶĞ ĚĞƌ tĂƌĞŶnjĞŝĐŚĞŶͲ -
Special Economic Zones
Iran's Special Economic Zones Amir Abad Yazd Lorestan Khalij Fars Shahid Rajaee Pars Shiraz Petroshimi Khalij Fars Booshehr Sarakhs Bandar Booshehr Sirjan Salafchegan Payam Arge Jadid Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Headquarters P.O. Box: 75391 - 154,Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Org.,Assaluyeh, Boushehr Province, I.R.Iran Tel: +987727 37 63 30 Fax: +987727 37 63 18 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://pseez.ir Pars Special Economic Energy Zone PSEEZ is located adjacent to Assaluyeh, a village on the Persian Gulf, 280 Km southeast of Bushehr, 570 Km northwest of Bandar Abbas, and a 100 Km away from the offshore southern Pars Gas Fields in the Persian Gulf. Establishment for the utilization of ١٩٩٨ Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) was established in South Pars oil and gas resources and encouraging commercial activities in the field of oil, gas and petrochemical industries. Objectives Facilitating for the on-time execution of various oil and gas projects, providing the appropriate foundation to attract local and foreign partnership with the aim of developing oil, gas and petrochemical industries as well as inter-related and downstream industries, creating local job opportunities and attracting skilled and semi-skilled workforce from neighboring provinces with regards to its positive effects on economic prosperity in the provinces of Bushehr, Fars and Hormozgan. Location .Km ٥٧٠ Km. East of Port of Bushehr and ٣٠٠ This zone is located the Persian Gulf coast and Km. away from the South Pars Gas ١٠٠ West of the Port of Bandar Abbas and approximately Field (Continuation of the Qatar’s Northern Dome). -
(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from ILAM and KERMANSHAH PROVINCES, WESTERN IRAN
Entomol. Croat. 2015, Vol. 19. Num 1–2: 55–66 doi: 10.17971/EC.2015.19.07 A FAUNISTIC STUDY OF ICHNEUMONID WASPS (HymenopteRA: Ichneumonidae) FROM ILAM AND KERMANSHAH PROVINCES, WESTERN IRAN Hassan Ghahari1 & Reijo Jussila2 1Department of Plant Protection, Yadegar – e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; email: [email protected] 2Zoological Museum, Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, FI 20014 University of Turku, Finland. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted: October 2015 This paper deals with a faunistic survey on ichneumonid wasps (Hyme- noptera, Ichneumonidae) from some regions of Ilam and Kermanshah provin- ces (western Iran). In total 19 species from the nine subfamilies Alomyinae, Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Diplazontinae, Ichneumoninae, Metopiinae, Pimpli- nae, Tersilochinae, and Tryphoninae were collected and identified. Two speci- es Probles (Microdiaparsis) microcephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Tersilochus (Pectinolochus) striola (Thomson, 1889) are new records for Iran. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ilam, Kermanshah, new record, Iran H. GHAHARI I R. JUSSILA: Faunističko istraživanje parazitskih osica (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) iz provincija Ilam i Kermanshah, zapadni Iran. Entomol. Croat. Vol. 19. Num. 1–4: 55–66. U radu je prikazano faunističko istraživanje parazitskih osica (Hymenop- tera, Ichneumonidae) iz nekih područja provincija Ilam i Kermanshah (zapad- ni Iran). Ukupno je sakupljeno i determinirano 19 vrsta osica iz 9 podporodica (Alomyinae, -
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Qasr-E Shirin, a Border Area in the West of Iran
Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/December-2018/8.pdf Open Access Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qasr-e Shirin, a border area in the west of Iran Yazdan Hamzavi1, Naser Nazari1, Nahid Khademi2, Keivan Hassani3 and Arezoo Bozorgomid1 1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 2. Department of Disease, Kermanshah Health Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 3. Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Corresponding author: Arezoo Bozorgomid, e-mail: [email protected] Co-authors: YH: [email protected], NN: [email protected], NK: [email protected], KH: [email protected] Received: 20-08-2018, Accepted: 31-10-2018, Published online: 17-12-2018 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1692-1697 How to cite this article: Hamzavi Y, Nazari N, Khademi N, Hassani K, Bozorgomid A (2018) Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qasr-e Shirin, a border area in the west of Iran, Veterinary World, 11(12): 1692-1697. Abstract Aim: The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is growing in Iran, and new sources of the disease have been found in the country. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of CL in Qasr-e Shirin County, Kermanshah Province, West of Iran. Qasr-e Shirin is located near the Iran-Iraq border, and several million pilgrims pass through this area to Iraq every year. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for active case detection from April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2015. -
3342 Investigating Geopolitical Factors Of
INVESTIGATING GEOPOLITICAL FACTORS OF RELIGIOUS CITIES (CASE OF STUDY: MASHHAD CITY) PJAEE, 18 (7) (2021) INVESTIGATING GEOPOLITICAL FACTORS OF RELIGIOUS CITIES (CASE OF STUDY: MASHHAD CITY) Dr. Ibrahim Romina 1*, Dr. Mahtab Jafari2 , Maryam Kalhor3 1 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran (Corresponding Author) [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch. [email protected] 3 PhD Student in Political Geography, Tehran Research Sciences Branch. [email protected] Dr. Ibrahim Romina, Dr. Mahtab Jafari , Maryam Kalhor: Investigating Geopolitical Factors of Religious Cities (Case of Study: Mashhad City) -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 18(7), ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: City, Religious city, Urban geopolitics, Power and competition ABSTRACT The security and defense approaches of every nation-state in world politics are derived from its perception of the threat posed to it from peripheral and international environment. The perceptions and misunderstandings of governments are the embodiment of their security behaviors and actions in international relations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of perception of threat and its effect on dominant Iranian security behavior in the Middle East. Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, many regional governments have taken an aggressive and non-peaceful approach to the government of Iran and have perceived it as a government disrupting accepted rules of the game and also their internal stability and security. The question is "How the perception of the threat has formed the security behavior and policy of the government of the Islamic republic of Iran after the victory of the Islamic revolution?" The answer to this question, applying the theory of defensive realism, argues that threat perception by the Islamic Republic of Iran has mainly shaped its security and defensive policies in an intrinsic and unilateral threat balance in the Middle East. -
Pdf 669.06 K
International Journal of Introduction International Journal of 32 Architectural Technology Architectural Technology 33 No : 1 / Autumn: 2012 Iran “pre-Islam” architecture was widespread in different rich forms in Syria, No : 1 / Autumn: 2012 North India, China’s borders, Caucasus and Zangbar (in Africa). This method Wonders of Iran’s Figure 1. a part of Tape Zaghe of architecture and its designing and representation methods has found its remains, Ghazvin plateau; seventh way into the architecture of other enthusiast nations. millennium A.D. Architectural “Pre-Islam” architecture, (like “post-Islam” architec- ture), was always logical, and was full of spiritual val- ues of good breeding and Iranian wise nation. There is Works Before no similar philosophical architecture in other parts of the world. If there is any, it is just an imitation of the Iranian artful architecture. the Islamic Era It must be mentioned that, this kind of architecture is 1) Associate professor, Shahid Hussein Zomarshidi1 Rajaee Teacher Training University, 1000 years old. The buildings built in this Era, show Tehran, Iran the wisdom of Iranian people. Each Era in Architectur- Adobe-made buildings around Kermanshah and Ghazvin be- al history had something valuable for the whole world. long to 8th and 7th millenniums B.C. Shahr e Sukhteh (Burnt “Pre-Islam” architectural works are abundant, and Figure 2. some parts of buildings’ town) which had contiguous buildings, belongs to the third have been widely spread in Iran, in the past and the remains of Shahr e Sookhte, the millennium B.C. Ziggurat (a brick-made building in Cheg- present time. -
The Consequences of Ground-Water Level Lowering on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the Population at the Darab Central Plain, Iran
development Tropentag October 6 - 8, 2009 economics, migration Hamburg, Germany and agricultural policy The consequences of ground-water level lowering on the socio-economic conditions of the population at the Darab central plain, Iran Sudeh Dehnavi, Beatrice Knerr Department for Development Economics, Migration and Agricultural Policy Steinstr. 19, Witzenhausen, Germany [email protected] 1. Problem Statement •The land available for crop cultivation has increased in all the seven villages by 2007, however the area under crop cultivation has decreased Due to the ground-water overuse, the ground-water table of the Darab in most of the cases. (see Fig. 3) watershed has decreased, on average, by 1.18 meter p.a. between 1993 • Barghan village is in a flourishing phase. The area under crop and 2006. cultivation has increased and the ground-water level has dropped Dependency on agriculture, lack of alternative employment possibilities, simultaneously. (see Fig. 3) and population growth result in high priority of irrigation farming., yet at •Dehkasan village seems to have already passed the flourishing time as the expense of future generation in term of water availability. Due to the land available for crop cultivation is no more cultivated. (see Fig. 3) ground-water level lowering, drinking and irrigation water shortage has Hectare occurred in the region, an can be observed in an increasing number of villages. Figure 3: The share of cultivated and fallow land in 2003 and 2007 Figure1: Greening of the dry lands in Darab Central Plain, using ground-water resources 2. Objective •Villages with higher level of ground-water loss have experienced lower population growth between 1996 and 2006 (see Fig.