ISSN 0882-4894 VOLUME 6 2013 Pictures Courtesy of authors John McGreevy, Rebecca Simon, and Ashley Packard ARCHAEOLOGY Changing Perspectives on Repatriation Christopher Green.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Use Wear Patterns on Metate Prior to and Immediately Following 20 Hours of Grinding Ashley Packard................................................................................................................................................. 12 Understanding the Variation of Rio Grande Ceramics Rebecca Simon................................................................................................................................................. 18 BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Post-Mortem Care Warfare: Can Conflict between Mandated Autopsies and Cultural Expectations for Post-Mortem Body Care be Resolved? Joshua Clementz and Bonnie Glass-Coffin........................................................................................ 27 Born to be Wide: A Re-valuation of the Claim that Neandertal Skeletal Morphology Represents a Uniquely Derived Condition Chris Davis.......................................................................................................................................................... 37 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY First-generation College Attendance: The Motivational Process Scarlett Eisenhauer......................................................................................................................................... 47 Haitian Disaster Vulnerability as a Coupled Social-Ecological System John McGreevy………….................................................................................................................................... 57 Bringing it all Back Home: The Re-localization of Food and its Impacts on Community Resilience Mark Steinbuck……….................................................................................................................................... 68 Furthering Perspectives Volume 6, 2013 1 2012—2013 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES ANTHROPOLOGY GRADUATE STUDENT SOCIETY AGSS Officers Volume 6 Review Committee Rebecca Simon, President Dr. Jeannette Mobley-Tanaka Andrea Akers, Vice-President Ms. Treloar Tredennick Bower Laura Manson, Secretary Dr. Michael Pante Virginia Clifton, Treasurer Dr. Lynn Kwaitkowski Dr. Anne McKibbin Volume 6 Editorial Committee Dr. Peter Hall Andrea Akers, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Lori Peek Joshua Clementz, Associate Editor Ms. Claudia Rosty Michaela Frank, Associate Editor Mr. Michael Brydge Chris Green, Associate Editor Dr. Britney McIlvaine Spencer Pelton, Associate Editor Ms. Sarah Wyscaver Rebecca Simon, Associate Editor Mark Steinbuck, Associate Editor EDITOR-IN-CHIEF’S NOTE We are proud to announce that Volume 6 marks the first ever completely online publication of Furthering Perspectives: Anthropological Views of the World and as such also represents the first year of open source publishing for the journal. The Anthropology Graduate Student Society is dedicated to the success of graduate students in the Anthropology Department at Colorado State University and one avenue of completing this goal is to increase the visibility of the work done by the students in this department. We hope that this journal is a start at accomplishing this goal by publishing the work of both graduate and undergraduate students in the department. We have a well rounded journal this year with articles ranging from understanding variation in regional ceramics, issues surrounding repatriation, wear patterns on mutates, differences in views towards autopsies, Neandertal skeletal morphology, community resilience, disaster vulnerability, and first generation students. We appreciate the hard work and dedication of the review committee, editorial committee, AGSS Board, and Authors. Without them Furthering Perspectives is not possible. Here’s to many more years to come. Andrea Akers Editor-in-Chief ABOUT THE ANTHROPOLOGY GRADUATE STUDENT SOCIETY The Anthropology Graduate Student Society (AGSS) promotes scholastic excellence, critical thinking, and a positive educational and social environment for both graduate and undergraduate students. While AGSS is comprised mostly of graduate students, membership is open to all who have an interest in Anthropology. Our purpose is to provide student and community members the opportunity to learn and experience the four subdisciplines of Anthropology: cultural, linguistic, biological, and archaeology. [email protected] http://anthropology.colostate.edu/cultural/agss/ Furthering Perspectives Volume 6, 2013 2 CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON REPATRIATION CHRISTOPHER GREEN ABSTRACT The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act passed in 1990 in order to protect Native Americans’ ma- terial culture and the remains of their ancestors. Unfortunately, such legislation reflects the innate cultural disregard in the United States of Native American concerns. Both the laws, such as NAGPRA, and the culture which creates them need to change in order for Native American problems and resolutions to be legitimized by Euro-Americans. Problems with funding, law vocabulary, and entitlement hinder large-scale reconciliation between scientists and Native Ameri- cans, and legal battles only worsen the polarization. Beyond the necessary changes needed in NAGPRA to truly protect Native American heritage, deeper cultural changes made by archaeologists in North America are needed to create a harmonious, rather than contentious, working relationship between themselves and Native Americans. Introduction both the scientific and Native sides of the issue. On one The rise of political interest for the protection and hand, American politics and law, such as NAGPRA, are repatriation of Native American culture arose out of the flawed and stagnant, and substantial progress in “Red Power” movement, parallel and contemporaneous consideration of both parties’ interests needs to be to the African American “Black Power” movement of the actualized for NAGPRA to achieve the means it sets out 1960’s (Seidemann 2004:151-152). Spokespeople and to accomplish. On the other hand, rather than adminis- authors, such as Vine Deloria Jr., raised awareness of the tering a law that further polarizes, both culturally and economic, political, and cultural Euro-American domi- politically, the US government from the Native Ameri- nance affecting Native American peoples and tribes. can nations, science must decriminalize the wants and Especially crucial was the effect of science’s rising social concerns of the Native Americans and share their own prominence in the Western world on the Native Ameri- methodologies, interests, and goals in as harmonious can community. Science, its methodologies, interests, and collaborative ways as possible. Despite legislation and goals, were all mostly foreign to Native American like NAGPRA, a strong step towards a resolution, the peoples who typically had spiritual means for answering fact that the law was born of the same dominant culture the world’s questions. This binary opposition was fur- as science implies need for better integration and fu- ther polarized by the Euro-American hoarding of Native sion of interests to address the deeper issues. The legis- Americans’ land, objects, and even human remains by lation is written and voted on by representatives elected scientists and museums, despite spiritual significance of largely by non-Natives. In order to effect real and im- those objects to the Native Americans. This intrusion mediate change, archaeologists and scientists must get was officially, if not practically, stopped in 1990 with the away from the Euro-centric views and adopt Native Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act. American interests fully into their considerations of how The law meant to “provide for museums and Federal they treat and represent the artifacts and people whom agencies to return certain Native American cultural they study. items…to lineal descendants, and culturally affiliated Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations.” The The Scientists law also includes “penalties for noncompliance and ille- Indo-European peoples’ interests in their pasts go gal trafficking” (NPS.gov, Native American Graves Pro- back to pre-history. Typically, this interest manifested tection and Repatriation Act). itself in looting of historically significant sites or What NAGPRA does not do, however, is bridge the justifying power by controlling certain objects or gap between science and the Native American culture. remains. This general enthusiasm for treasure and rare It only begins to regulate the lawful actions of the Euro- objects began to give way to hording by museums in American side of the issue. The real problem lies within the colonialism period of the eighteenth century. a culture in which legislation like NAGPRA is necessary, Europeans such as Giovanni Belzoni and Lord Elgin emphasizing duality. Within this culture, two inherent removed many artifacts from cultural hubs such as sub-issues which must be resolved for real progress on Rome, Athens, and Turkey to be displayed and pre- Furthering Perspectives Volume 6, 2013 3 Green Changing Perspectives on Repatriation served in large, foreign institutions like the British Muse- value for indigenous cultural heritage (Politis 2011:514- um. Less than a century later, archaeology began to sepa- 516). These projects represent the burgeoning field