Edgework, Risk Control, and Impression Management Among BMW
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“FARKLE” or Die: Edgework, Risk Control, and Impression Management among BMW Motorcycle Riders A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Mathew L. Austin June 2010 © Mathew L. Austin. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled “FARKLE” or Die: Edgework, Risk Control, and Impression Management among BMW Motorcycle Riders by MATHEW L. AUSTIN has been approved for the Department of Sociology and Anthropology and the College of Arts and Sciences by ______________________________________________ Leon Anderson Professor of Sociology _____________________________________________ Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT AUSTIN, MATHEW L., M.A., June 2010, Sociology “FARKLE” or Die: Edgework, Risk Control, and Impression Management among BMW Motorcycle Riders (157 pp.) Director of Thesis: Leon Anderson This research explores intersections of identity and voluntary risk taking, or edgework, among BMW motorcycle riders. Drawing upon interviews, participant observation, and analytic autoethnographic methods the practices of this subculture are presented. These findings are analyzed through sociological and social psychological understandings of situational identities and an appreciation of the personal and social dynamics to risk taking. This research presents the safety practices of the BMW motorcycle community labeled as “sport-tourers” and the processes they engage in to find an acceptable level of personal risk. Furthermore, findings from this work explain how riders encounter both positive and negative perceptions from others and the actions they engage in when facing potentially damaging impressions from others. This research helps to expand understandings of risk taking, presentational identity, and the universality of these themes. Accepted: ____________________________________________________________ Leon Anderson Professor of Sociology 4 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS As with any good project the finished product is only a snapshot of the backstage efforts and I owe a great deal of gratitude to all the individuals, named and unnamed, who helped make this project a success. First and foremost I am thankful for my father, who ushered me into being a motorcycle rider, which both informs this research and is a great source of joy in my life. From his early rides with me straddling the gas tank to helping me pick up his bike that I had just dropped in a parking lot, I would not be here without his help. I am also greatly appreciative for Dr. Leon Anderson and his support and guidance in this research. I am hesitant to imagine where I would be today if he had not buckled under my pressure to join his qualitative methods course. I remember walking home after that first night of class excited at the future prospects of our joint scholarly work and this enthusiasm continues to this day. I am further grateful for the Department of Sociology and the Shelly Fund who have supported my research in financial and other countless ways. This research was also made possible with the support from friends both at OU and within the BMW motorcycling community. I am indebted to my willing participants who opened up and shared their thoughts and feelings. I also owe a big thank-you to my local dealership that allowed me access to the shop and customers, although they still charge me full price on service. To Sarah, Garrett, and Corey, and the cohorts I am a part of I also wish to say thanks for the help. And to Megan, who has just joined me for many miles on a BMW, I owe a great deal. Thanks for picking up the slack I left behind me as I forged ahead in writing and countless hours of listening to me try to make sense of data. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowlegements ............................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................ 15 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 15 Edgework .............................................................................................................. 17 Sensations ................................................................................................. 19 Skill ........................................................................................................... 21 Redefining the Edge .................................................................................. 23 Motivation ................................................................................................. 25 The Self and Identity ............................................................................................. 26 Edgework and Identity .......................................................................................... 30 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 36 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 39 Chapter 3: Methods ........................................................................................................... 40 Research Sites ....................................................................................................... 40 Qualitative Interviews ........................................................................................... 43 Sample....................................................................................................... 44 Participant Observation ......................................................................................... 52 Analytic Autoethnography .................................................................................... 54 Analysis................................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 4: Risk and Control ............................................................................................. 60 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 60 Norm Enforcement .................................................................................... 63 Owning a BMW ........................................................................................ 65 ABS Brakes ................................................................................... 66 Maintenance .................................................................................. 67 Skills, Training, and Education ................................................................. 69 Being Conspicuous ................................................................................... 70 “Farkles” ................................................................................................... 72 Being Aware ............................................................................................. 75 Outward Focus .............................................................................. 76 Inward Focus ................................................................................. 77 Subjective Interpretations and Roles of Risk ........................................................ 80 A Necessary Balance Between Risk and Control ..................................... 81 A Positive Balance .................................................................................... 83 Reclaiming Balance .................................................................................. 85 Blame the Self for Loss of Control ............................................... 87 6 Denial of Risk— “I Can Control It” ............................................. 88 Redefine Fear ................................................................................ 89 Normalize the Risks of Riding ...................................................... 90 Accept Risk—“I’m Going to Crash” ............................................ 91 Appeal to Higher Loyalties ........................................................... 92 A Failure to Reclaim Balance ................................................................... 93 Conclusion and Implications ................................................................................. 95 Chapter 5: Issues of Identity ........................................................................................... 104 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 104 Identity Rewards ................................................................................................. 105 Identity Rewards Among Non-Riders .................................................... 106 Costly Identities .................................................................................................. 111 “The Outlaw” .......................................................................................... 111 “The Squid” ............................................................................................ 113 Aligning Actions ................................................................................................