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Le Vendredi 1Er Mai 1998 CANADA VOLUME 135 S NUMÉRO 097 S 1re SESSION S 36e LÉGISLATURE COMPTE RENDU OFFICIEL (HANSARD) Le vendredi 1er mai 1998 Présidence de l’honorable Gilbert Parent TABLE DES MATIÈRES (La table des matières quotidienne des délibérations se trouve à la fin du présent numéro.) Toutes les publications parlementaires sont disponibles sur le réseau électronique «Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire» à l'adresse suivante: http://www.parl.gc.ca 6401 CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES Le vendredi 1er mai 1998 La séance est ouverte à 10 heures. les collectivités autochtones en investissant dans les gens. À mon avis, l’investissement le plus important qu’on puisse faire dans une _______________ collectivité, c’est d’investir dans ses jeunes. Prière Pour les autochtones en particulier, l’éducation est un instrument essentiel pour parvenir à l’autonomie et pour solidifier l’identité _______________ mi’kmaq. En donnant les outils dont les enfants et les jeunes ont besoin dans la société actuelle, l’éducation peut aider à aider à briser le cycle de dépendance des autochtones à l’égard des gouver- INITIATIVES MINISTÉRIELLES nements et de l’assistance sociale. Des niveaux supérieurs d’éduca- tion sont essentiels si les autochtones veulent parvenir à l’auto- D (1005) nomie gouvernementale, profiter pleinement de leurs ententes sur les revendications territoriales, bien jouer leur rôle dans la nouvelle [Traduction] économie, avoir une meilleure santé et vivre plus longtemps. LOI SUR L’ÉDUCATION DES MI’KMAQ En bref, l’éducation va ouvrir de nouveaux débouchés dont les membres des Premières Nations ne peuvent profiter depuis trop L’hon. Allan Rock (au nom de la ministre des Affaires indien- longtemps. nes et du Nord canadien, Lib.) propose: Que le projet de loi C-30, Loi concernant les pouvoirs des Mi’kmaq de la Nouvelle-Écosse en [Français] matière d’éducation, soit lu pour la deuxième fois et renvoyé à un comité. Je sais que les députés de la Chambre appuient le besoin de M. Bernard Patry (secrétaire parlementaire de la ministre fournir aux peuples autochtones une éducation de qualité. Je suis des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Lib.): Monsieur le également certain que mes distingués collègues seront d’accord Président, je veux intervenir à l’étape de la deuxième lecture du pour que les décisions concernant l’éducation des enfants et des projet de loi C-30, la Loi sur l’éducation des Mi’kmaq. Je vais jeunes Mi’kmaq ne se prennent pas ici, à Ottawa. Elles devraient demander aux députés de se joindre à moi pour appuyer le projet de être prises dans les collectivités où ces jeunes vivent et vont à loi proposé, qui prévoit le transfert de la compétence en matière l’école, les collectivités ayant des noms comme Eskasoni, Wagmat- d’éducation du Canada à neuf communautés Mi’kmaq de la Nouvel- cook, Whycocomagh et Pictou Landing. le-Écosse. Le transfert des pouvoirs en matière d’éducation permettra aux Le projet de loi C-30 n’est ni long ni complexe. Il porte sur une Mi’kmaq de la Nouvelle-Écosse de préserver leur passé et de question bien précise pour un groupe distinct de personnes. Pour- participer à leur avenir. tant, c’est une mesure législative vraiment historique qui constitue- ra une étape importante dans le renforcement des collectivités D (1010) autochtones du Canada. Le projet de loi C-30 permettra aux neuf Premières Nations Pourquoi ce projet de loi est-il si important? Eh bien, pour la participantes de créer le programme d’étude de leurs enfants. Il leur première fois de notre histoire, le gouvernement fédéral va redonner permettra de développer des programmes et des cours conçus de aux Premières Nations a compétence en matière d’éducation. Ce façon à respecter leurs propres coutumes, leurs traditions ainsi que sont elles qui sont le mieux placées pour s’occuper de cette ques- leur culture et ce, dans leur propre langue. tion. En un sens, avec le projet de loi C-30, on revient en arrière, car on Cette initiative aura un effet positif énorme sur le sentiment redonne aux collectivités locales le contrôle sur une activité impor- d’identité des collectivités mi’kmaq et sur l’estime de soi des tante. Cependant, cette mesure est également un pas en avant, en ce étudiants. sens qu’elle marque le début d’une nouvelle relation entre les Cela n’est pas un nouveau concept. Nous avons longtemps recon- gouvernements et les Premières Nations de la Nouvelle-Écosse. nu le fait que le transfert aux collectivités de la gestion de l’éduca- Nous avons bon espoir que cela conduira à bien d’autres initiatives tion autochtone apporte des avantages tangibles à long terme. C’est de ce genre. pour cette raison que, depuis les 30 dernières années, le transfert Lorsque nous avons dévoilé notre plan d’action pour les autoch- aux Premières Nations des responsabilités en matière d’éducation a tones, en janvier, nous nous sommes engagés clairement à renforcer été une politique des gouvernements qui se sont succédé. 6402 DÉBATS DES COMMUNES 1er mai 1998 Initiatives ministérielles Mais le projet de C-30 va bien au-delà du transfert de la Les chefs des Premières Nations participantes formeront le responsabilité du programme. Il s’agit de pouvoirs délégués, fondés conseil d’administration de cette nouvelle entité, laquelle assurera sur la reconnaissance du droit inhérent de la maîtrise de l’éducation des services collectifs tels que l’élaboration de programmes d’en- à l’échelle locale. seignement, l’organisation d’initiatives culturelles et linguistiques, la prestation de services de soutien en éducation spéciale et au Cette initiative est entièrement conforme à la politique du droit niveau postsecondaire ainsi que la reddition de comptes. Au même inhérent mise de l’avant par le gouvernement et répond à la recom- titre que les conseils scolaires, cet organisme sera régi par une mandation de la Commission royale sur les peuples autochtones, constitution qui assurera un régime de responsabilité juste et trans- soit d’accorder plus de pouvoirs aux autochtones en matière d’édu- parent et qui servira de mécanisme de règlement des différends. cation. L’accord final prévoit l’octroi de 24 millions de dollars par an à Le projet de loi C-30 ne constitue pas une entente d’autonomie neuf Premières Nations. Cet argent servira à assurer le fonctionne- gouvernementale en soi, mais il servira de composante de base à ment et l’entretien des installations scolaires, à couvrir les frais l’édification de l’autonomie gouvernementale pour ces Premières d’administration de la bande et à satisfaire les besoins en capitaux. Nations. Les montants de l’aide financière seront réévalués tous les cinq ans. Ce projet de loi contribue également à respecter les objectifs de Ces fonds proviendront du budget que le ministère des Affaires Rassembler nos forces: le plan d’action du Canada pour les ques- indiennes et du Nord canadien consacre à l’éducation. Il ne s’agit tions autochtones, qui est la réponse récente du gouvernement à la pas d’argent frais, puisque l’on a déjà alloué des montants au Commission royale. prorata des étudiants pour assurer l’éducation dans ces neuf Premiè- res Nations mi’kmaq. Un des objectifs de Rassembler nos forces est que le gouverne- ment fédéral, les autochtones, les provinces ainsi que les autres D (1015) partenaires travaillent ensemble afin d’élaborer pour les autochto- nes des ententes sur l’exercice des pouvoirs qui soient concrètes, Je m’en voudrais de ne pas souligner l’appui que le gouverne- durables et fondées sur la légitimité, l’autorité et la reddition des ment de la Nouvelle-Écosse accorde à ce transfert de compétence en comptes. Ce projet de loi représente une étape importante dans éducation. l’atteinte de cet objectif. Les députés ne sont pas sans savoir que l’éducation est avant tout Le projet de loi C-30 fournit le cadre législatif nécessaire à la de ressort provincial, et le gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Écosse a mise en oeuvre de l’entente de transfert de l’éducation qui a été depuis longtemps des relations de partenariat efficaces avec les signée en février 1997 par le Canada, la Nouvelle-Écosse et les Premières Nations de la province. Conscient des aspirations et des dirigeants des neuf Premières Nations mi’kmaq. capacités des Mi’kmaq, il a reconnu leur compétence en matière d’éducation dans les réserves. Ce fait sera confirmé par une loi [Traduction] provinciale distincte. La participation du gouvernement provincial à ce processus de Par le truchement de la mesure législative proposée, le gouverne- transfert et sa coopération traduisent la volonté qui existe ment déléguera aux Premières Nations participantes le pouvoir de aujourd’hui au Canada de bâtir de nouveaux partenariats avec les légiférer relativement à l’éducation de niveaux primaire, élémentai- autochtones. C’est également une autre manifestation de la souples- re et secondaire dispensée à leurs membres dans les réserves. se de la fédération canadienne, qui peut s’adapter aux intérêts et aux aspirations de tous. De plus, le projet de loi C-30 confère aux communautés partici- pantes le pouvoir de légiférer relativement à l’emploi des fonds [Français] dont elles disposent pour aider financièrement leurs membres qui font des études postsecondaires et qui vivent dans la réserve ou hors Nous transférons les pouvoirs en matière d’éducation aux réserve. En acceptant ce pouvoir, les Mi’kmaq consentent à dispen- Mi’kmaq parce qu’ils le veulent, en ont besoin et le méritent. Le ser une éducation équivalente aux non-membres qui résident dans processus de transfert remonte à 1991 lorsque les chefs mi’kmaq une réserve.
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