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Crisomélidos Asociados a Recursos Forestales Maderables Y No-Maderables En Victoria, Tamaulipas* Chrysomelidae Associated to Ti

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Crisomélidos Asociados a Recursos Forestales Maderables Y No-Maderables En Victoria, Tamaulipas* Chrysomelidae Associated to Ti Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas Vol.7 Núm.8 12 de noviembre - 31 de diciembre, 2016 p. 1945-1957 Crisomélidos asociados a recursos forestales maderables y no-maderables en Victoria, Tamaulipas* Chrysomelidae associated to timber and non-timber forest resources in Victoria, Tamaulipas Itzcóatl Martínez-Sánchez1, Santiago Niño-Maldonado2§, Manuel Lara Villalón1, Jesús Romero Nápoles3 y Shawn M. Clark4 1Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Av. División del Golfo, múm. 356, Col. Libertad, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. 87019, Tel: 318 18 00 ext. 1605. (itzcomtz@ gmail.com; [email protected]). 2Colegio de Postgraduados- Campus Montecillo. Texcoco, Estado de México. 56230. Tel: 595 530 07. ([email protected]). 3Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 84602. Tel: (801) 422 5052. ([email protected]). §Autor para correspondencia: [email protected]. Resumen Abstract Entre los herbívoros de la clase Insecta más importantes Among the most economically important insect herbivores económicamente, se encuentran los crisomélidos, quienes are Chrysomelidae, who are also bacteria vectors and además son vectores de bacterias y virus fitopatógenos. En phytopathogenic viruses. In Tamaulipas, 610 species Tamaulipas, se listan 610 especies de plantas útiles, de las of useful plants are listed, of which 30% are edible. cuales 30% son comestibles. Procesos ecológicos como la Ecological processes such as herbivory caused by insect herbivoría causada por insectos reducen la calidad, cantidad y reduce the quality, quantity and price of plant products precio de los productos vegetales (hojas, tallos, raíces, flores, (leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds) which are frutos, semillas) que son dañados total o parcialmente. En el fully or partially damaged. In the present study monthly presente estudio se realizaron colectas mensuales de manera collections were made directly and with insect net for a directa y con red de golpeo durante un año a partir de febrero year from February 2012 to January 2013 in the localities 2012 a enero 2013, en las localidades del Cañón La Libertad y of Cañon La Libertad and Cañon del Novillo, located in el Cañón del Novillo, localizadas en el municipio de Victoria, the municipality of Victoria, Tamaulipas. The biological Tamaulipas. El material biológico se colectó principalmente material was mainly collected from plant species of de especies vegetales de importancia económica, se economic importance, transported to the laboratory of transportó al laboratorio de entomología del IEA-UAT para entomology at the IEA-UAT for taxonomic determination. su determinación taxonómica. Se determinaron 26 especies 26 species of Chrysomelidae belonging to 24 genera were de crisomélidos pertenecientes a 24 géneros. determined. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, plantas hospederas, plagas. Keywords: Coleoptera, host plants, pests. * Recibido: junio de 2016 Aceptado: septiembre de 2016 1946 Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc. Vol.7 Núm.8 12 de noviembre - 31 de diciembre, 2016 Itzcóatl Martínez-Sánchez et al. Introducción Introduction Durante décadas la extracción de productos de los bosques, For decades the extraction of forest products, both timber tanto maderables como no maderables, ha sustentado and non-timber has sustained and maintained the economy of y mantenido la economía de comunidades humanas de human communities in Mexico. Non-timber forest products México. Los productos forestales no maderables (PFNM) (NTFP´s) are biological resources from natural forest areas, constituyen recursos biológicos que provienen de áreas forest areas under management and other wooded areas forestales naturales, áreas forestales bajo manejo y de otras (Peters, 1996); include a variety of fruits, nuts, seeds, oils, áreas boscosas (Peters, 1996); incluyen una variedad de spices, resins, gums, medicinal plants and other products (de frutas, nueces, semillas, aceites, especias, resinas, gomas, Beer and McDermott, 1989). These play a vital role, as most plantas medicinales y otros productos (de Beer y McDermott, are self-consumption and part of the informal productive 1989). Éstos, cumplen un rol vital ya que la mayoría son economic system (Van Rijsoort, 2000). de autoconsumo y forman parte del sistema económico productivo informal (Van Rijsoort, 2000). In northeastern Mexico 7.1% of the total population of Mexico are located, constituted by the states of Tamaulipas, En el noreste de México se localiza 7.1% de la población Nuevo Leon and Coahuila, these being predominantly urban total de México, constituida en los estados de Tamaulipas, states. However, 15% of its population is engaged in the Nuevo León y Coahuila, siendo estos estados eminentemente exploitation and extraction of different types of vegetation, urbanos. Sin embargo, 15% de sus habitantes se dedica a such as oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth), Damiana la explotación y extracción de recursos vegetales de sus (Turnera diffusa Willd.), pequin pepper (Capsicum annuum diferentes tipos de vegetación, como es el orégano (Lippia var. aviculare [Dierb.] D'Arcy and Eashbaugh), palm leaves graveolens Kunth), la damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd.), (Sabal mexicana Mart., Chamaedorea radicalis Mart., el chile piquín (Capsicum annum var. aviculare [Dierb.] Brahea dulcis [Kunth] Mart.), mesquite pods (Prosopis D´Arcy y Eashbaugh), hojas de palma (Sabal mexicana juliflora [Sw.] DC.), ebony (Ebenopsis ebano Berland), Mart., Chamaedorea radicalis Mart., Brahea dulcis [Kunth] laurel (Litsea glaucescens Kunth) (Medina et al., 1999). Mart.), vainas de mezquite (Prosopis juliflora [Sw.] DC.), Among wild plants from Tamaulipas, Hernandez et al. ébano (Ebenopsis ebano Berland.), laurel (Litsea glaucescens (1991) listed 610 useful species, of which 30% are edible. Kunth). (Medina et al., 1999). Dentro de las plantas silvestres de Tamaulipas, Hernández et al. (1991) enlistan 610 especies However, ecological processes such as herbivorous caused útiles, de las cuales 30% son comestibles. by insects reduce the quality, quantity and plant price of products (leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds) Sin embargo, procesos ecológicos como la herbívora which are often damaged totally or partially (Crawley, causada por insectos reducen la calidad, cantidad y precio 1983). Among the economically most important Hexapoda de los productos vegetales (hojas, tallos, raíces, flores, herbivores are Chrysomelidae, which are also bacteria frutos y semillas) que con frecuencia son dañados total vectors and phytopathogenic viruses. The beetles from the o parcialmente (Crawley, 1983). Entre los herbívoros de family Chrysomelidae comprise 37 000 species described la clase Hexapoda más importantes económicamente, se worldwide, which are grouped into 13 subfamilies and more encuentran los crisomélidos, quienes además son vectores de than 2 000 genera, this are herbivorous and are among the bacterias y virus fitopatógenos. Los escarabajos de la familia insect families most diverse and conspicuous associated to Chrysomelidae comprenden 37 000 especies descritas plants (Bouchard et al., 2011). alrededor del mundo que están agrupadas en 13 subfamilias y más de 2 000 géneros, éstos son fitófagos y se encuentran Chrysomelidae are known as "turtles, wireworms, flea entre las familias de insectos más diversos y conspicuos hoppers, pussies, beetles or mud balls" and are characterized asociados a plantas (Bouchard et al., 2011). by their oval or semi-oval body, slightly cylindrical or elongated, very convex generally bright and contrasting Los individuos de Chrysomelidae son conocidos como or metallic colors and small head mostly hypognathous. “tortuguitas, doradillas, pulgas saltonas, chochos, diabróticas Antennae are long filiform or capitate, usually with eleven o, terroncitos”, y se caracterizan por tener su cuerpo ovalado segments and inserted between the eyes and the base of the Crisomélidos asociados a recursos forestales maderables y no-maderables en Victoria, Tamaulipas 1947 o semioval, ligeramente cilíndrico o alargado, muy convexo jaws. The legs are short and thin except for the tribe Alticini, generalmente brillante y con colores contrastantes o its tarsal pseudotetramera formula, due to reduction of the metálicos y la cabeza pequeña en su mayoría hipognata. fourth knuckle; the third knuckle is bilobed and pubescent Las antenas son largas filiformes o capitadas, usualmente below. Its length is variable from two to 20 mm (Morón and con once segmentos e insertas entre los ojos y la base de las Terron, 1988). mandíbulas. Las patas son cortas y delgadas a excepción de la tribu Alticini, su fórmula tarsal seudotetrámera, debido a Most species are specific or have plant preferences as food, la reducción del cuarto artejo; el tercer artejo es bilobulado there are monophagous or more commonly oligophagus. y pubescente por debajo. Su longitud es variable desde los The consumption is closely related to some plants (Pérez- dos hasta los 20 mm (Morón y Terrón, 1988). Contreras, 1999). In many cases, Chrysomelidae feed on a group of related plants, and these patterns are often evident La mayoría de las especies son específicas o tienen worldwide. preferencias de plantas como alimento, hay monófagas o más comúnmente oligófagas. El consumo de algunas está Some species of the Cassidinae subfamily are known as turtles estrechamente relacionado con las plantas (Pérez-Contreras, or beetles turtles (Jolivet et al., 1988). Most Cassidinae are 1999). En muchos casos, los crisomélidos se alimentan de un specialized
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