Het Auteursrecht En Video Game Piracy

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Het Auteursrecht En Video Game Piracy Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid Universiteit Gent Academiejaar 2011-2012 Paying v Playing: Het auteursrecht en video game piracy Masterproef van de opleiding ‘Master in de Rechten’ Ingediend door Jochen Mistiaen (studentennr. 00701669) (major: Nationaal en Internationaal Publiekrecht) Promotor: Prof. Ben Depoorter Commissaris: Jef De Mot I II INHOUDSOPGAVE VOORWOORD ..................................................................................................................... VII LIJST MET AFKORTINGEN .......................................................................................... VIII DEEL I – INLEIDING ............................................................................................................. 1 1. De video game industrie ................................................................................................ 1 i. Opkomst van video games ........................................................................................... 1 ii. Big Business Industry .............................................................................................. 3 2. Piraterij .......................................................................................................................... 6 i. Digitalisering ............................................................................................................... 6 ii. Groei van online piraterij ......................................................................................... 7 3. Onderzoeksvragen ....................................................................................................... 10 DEEL II – HET AUTEURSRECHT EN VIDEO GAMES ................................................ 11 1. Het auteursrecht .......................................................................................................... 11 i. Begrip ........................................................................................................................ 11 ii. Geschiedenis .......................................................................................................... 12 iii. Ratio Legis ............................................................................................................. 14 iv. Inhoud en omvang .................................................................................................. 16 2. De auteursrechtelijke bescherming van video games .............................................. 21 i. Auteurswet of Softwarewet? ..................................................................................... 21 ii. De thuiskopie ......................................................................................................... 28 iii. Octrooien ................................................................................................................ 35 iv. De situatie in het buitenland................................................................................... 37 DEEL III – PIRATERIJ VAN VIDEO GAMES ................................................................ 42 1. Piraterij van video games ........................................................................................... 42 i. Het misdrijf ................................................................................................................ 42 ii. Opkomst en evolutie .............................................................................................. 44 iii. De praktische moeilijkheden .................................................................................. 49 iv. Effecten op de industrie ......................................................................................... 52 v. Psychologische en sociologische aspecten ............................................................ 61 2. Bijzonderheden ............................................................................................................ 65 i. Software emulatie ...................................................................................................... 65 III ii. Game Clones .......................................................................................................... 66 iii. Belang van internet providers ................................................................................ 68 iv. Revaluatie van het auteursrecht?............................................................................ 70 DEEL IV – AFDWINGING VAN HET AUTEURSRECHT ............................................. 72 1. Voor de rechtbank ....................................................................................................... 72 i. In België .................................................................................................................... 72 ii. In het buitenland .................................................................................................... 76 iii. Beoordeling ............................................................................................................ 83 2. Via preventieve maatregelen ...................................................................................... 86 i. Technische beveiligingen en Digital Rights Management ........................................ 86 ii. Op het niveau van de console ................................................................................ 89 iii. Op het niveau van de game .................................................................................... 93 iv. Beoordeling ............................................................................................................ 98 3. Extralegale methodes ................................................................................................ 100 i. Op het niveau van de markt ..................................................................................... 100 ii. Op het niveau van de console .............................................................................. 104 iii. Op het niveau van de game .................................................................................. 107 DEEL V – CONCLUSIE ..................................................................................................... 111 1. Video games als audiovisueel werk onder de Auteurswet ..................................... 112 2. Piraterij en de video game industrie ........................................................................ 114 3. Negatieve effecten van afdwinging ........................................................................... 116 4. Piraterij als een kwestie van service ........................................................................ 118 5. Paying v Playing ........................................................................................................ 120 DEEL VI – BIBLIOGRAFIE .............................................................................................. 121 1. Wetgeving ................................................................................................................... 121 i. Internationale Verdragen ......................................................................................... 121 ii. Europese Verordeningen en Richtlijnen .............................................................. 121 iii. België ................................................................................................................... 122 iv. Buitenland ............................................................................................................ 123 2. Rechtspraak ............................................................................................................... 124 i. België ....................................................................................................................... 124 ii. Hof van Justitie .................................................................................................... 124 iii. Europa .................................................................................................................. 125 iv. Verenigde Staten .................................................................................................. 126 IV v. Andere .................................................................................................................. 127 3. Rechtsleer ................................................................................................................... 128 i. België ....................................................................................................................... 128 ii. Buitenland ............................................................................................................ 129 4. Nieuwsberichten ........................................................................................................ 134 V VI VOORWOORD Deze masterproef bespreekt de problematiek van piraterij in de video game sector. De toepassing van het auteursrecht op video game wordt onderzocht en geanalyseerd. Er wordt gekeken naar de juridische en maatschappelijke uitwerking van piraterij en de reactie hierop door producenten van video games. Het effect en de impact van piraterij op de creatieve industrie wordt nagegaan, zowel op het vlak van de producenten als dat van de consumenten. De verschillende methodes van producenten tegen piraterij worden besproken en de effectiviteit ervan wordt onderzocht. De masterproef is opgedeeld in verschillende Delen, per hoofdonderwerp en onderzoeksvraag. Eerst is er een korte inleiding over de video game industrie en piraterij in het algemeen.
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