LEE METCALF
NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Stevensville, Montana
ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1989 Washington Office LEE METCALF NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Stevensvi1le, Montana
ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT
Calendar Year 1989
U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM REVIEW AND APPROVALS
LEE METCALF NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Stevensvillef Montana
ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT
Calendar Year 1989
Refuge Manager Date Refuge Supervisor Review Date
. _/ Regional Office Approval Date INTRODUCTION
The Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Bitterroot Valley of Southwest Montana. This north-south valley begins in Lolo, Montana, and terminates on the Idaho border; a distance of approximately 80 miles. The refuge is located 25 miles south of Missoula and lies entirely within Ravalli County.
As civilization encroached on this fertile area, agriculture and commercial hunting caused wildlife to decline. Undisturbed habitat for wildlife and the development of the favorable environment for waterfowl production was needed. The Lee Metcalf Refuge was established in 1963 using duck stamp money and presently contains the following land areas:
Wetlands (Deep Fertile Marshes) 600 acres Uplands (Croplands) 260 acres (Grasslands) 685 acres Forest lands (River Bottom) 1,255 acres Total 2,800 acres
Water impoundments provide a chain of ponds and sloughs which are utilized by ducks and geese. This is one of the few areas in the United States where the public can observe "tree" nesting geese. Several species of grebes and a wide variety of shore birds, such as, bittern, sora rail, spotted sandpiper, Wilson's phalarope, great blue heron, and killdeer also use the refuge.
B. Twist Tree nesting geese can be observed from the county road.
i Birds of prey are abundant at the refuge, including wintering bald eagles and numerous pairs of nesting osprey. Owls include great-horned, pygmy, and short-eared. All the locally common hawks and prairie falcon may be seen here at various seasons, including an occasional peregrine in the spring and fall.
Waterfowl Lane, a county maintained road, bisects the lower half of the refuge and provides excellent wildlife viewing opportunities to the general public. Three historical information signs are also located along this road. These signs contain information from the 1800's pertaining to the Salish Indian Ceremonial Grounds, the Francois Slough Sweathouses# and the Hanging of Whiskey Bill.
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ii INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
A. HIGHLIGHTS 1
B• CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 2
c« LAND ACQUISITION
1. Fee Title 3 2. Easements 3 3. Other NTR
D. PLANNING
1. Master Plan 4 2. Management Plan 4 3. Public Participation NTR 4. Compliance with Environmental Mandates 4 5. Research and Investigations 5 6. Other NTR
E. ADMINISTRATION
1. Personnel 8 2. Youth Programs 9 3. Other Man-Power Programs 9 4. Volunteer Program 10 5. Funding 13 6. Safety .13 7. Technical Assistance 14 8. Other 15
F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT
1. General 15 2. Wetlands 16 3. Forests 20 4• Croplands 20 5. Grasslands 22 6. Other Habitats 24 7. Grazing .24 8. Haying 24 9. Fire Management 25 10. Pest Control 26 11. Water Rights 27 12. Wilderness and Special Areas .NTR 13. WPA Easement Monitoring NTR
iii G. WILDLIFE
1. Wildlife Diversity 28 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 28 3. Waterfowl 29 4. Marsh and Water Birds 32 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns, and Allied Species 32 6. Raptors ' 33 7. Other Migratory Birds NTR 8. Game Mammals 35 9. Marine Animals NTR 10. Other Resident Wildlife 36 11. Fisheries Resources 38 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking NTR 13. Surplus Animal Disposal NTR 14. Scientific Collections 38 15. Animal Control 39 16. Marking and Banding 39 17. Disease Prevention and Control NTR
H. PUBLIC USE
1. General 39 2. Outdoor Classroom/Students 40 3. Outdoor Classroom/Teachers 40 4. Interpretive Foot Trails 43 5. Interpretive Tour Routes 43 6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations 44 7. Other Interpretive Programs 45 8. Hunting 50 9. Fishing 54 10. Trapping NTR 11. Wildlife Observation 54 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation NTR 13. Camping NTR 14. Picnicking 54 15. Off-Road Vehicles NTR 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation NTR 17. Law Enforcement 55 18. Cooperating Associations NTR 19. Concessions. NTR
I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
1. New Construction 55 2. Rehabilitation 57 3. Major Maintenance .....NTR 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 57 5. Communications NTR 6. Computer Systems NTR 7. Energy Conservation 59 8. Other 59
iv J. OTHER ITEMS
1. Cooperative Programs 59 2. Other Economic Uses NTR 3. Items of Interest 60 4. Credits 60
v A. HIGHLIGHTS
This was Montana's Centennial Celebration. Special events brought thousands of people to the town of Stevensville, which is the oldest town in the state. (Sec. H-l)
Ducks Unlimited, Inc. completed construction of the $200,000 Otter Pond. (Sec. 1-1)
Volunteer programs logged 2,104 hours, 152 more than last year. (Sec. E-4)
Cormorants nested on the refuge for the first time. A great egret spent two weeks on station. This was the forth sighting on record for the refuge and the 21st for the state. (Sec. G~4)
The first "Kid's Fishing Clinic" was held in July. (Sec. H-7) ( The home of Harold Hagen was turned over to the refuge under a life use agreement. The house, a log cabin built around 1880, was the original homestead of the Whaley's, and may be National Register Eligible. (Sec.D-4).
Bill Munoz Greetings 1
1 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
For the first time in three years we experienced, overall, near normal temperatures and precipitation. However, both a record- breaking high and low occurred, and it was unusually windy this year.
1989 WEATHER DATA** - LEE METCALF NWR
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE Snow- Month Norm* Inches DN fall Norm* Avg DN
JAN 1.45 .97 _ .48 10.6 23.5 30.8 +7.3 FEB .86 .43 - .43 5.1 30.5 17.4 -13.1 MAR .75 2.74 +1 .99 21.1 35.7 33.7 -2.0 APR .78 .91 + .13 2.9 44.4 47.7 + 3.3 MAY 1.51 1.39 - .12 T 52.5 52.6 +0.1 JUN 1.65 1.27 - .38 59.6 60.3 +0.7 JUL .78 .64 - .14 65.7 67.6 +1.9 AUG .79 1.72 + .93 63.8 62.5 -1.3 SEP .89 ' .56 - .33 55.1 56.0 +0.9 OCT .81 .45 - .36 T 44.5 45.8 +1.3 NOV .97 ,93 - .04 5.0 32.9 39.3 +6.4 DEC 1.25 .70 - .55 5.2 26.8 29.2 + 2.4
Total 12.49 12.71 .22 49.9 44.6 45.2 + .6
* Based on 30-year average (1951-1980) **Weather data provided by U. S. Forest Service, Stevensville, MT DN Deviation from norm
January presented ten inches of snow in the valley, with mountain snowpack at 100%, the best it's been in three years. Even so, it was much warmer than normal with a record-breaking high of 61 on 30 January. Damaging winds were experienced on 17,18, and 30 of January. The day after the record high, arctic air moved in at 10 pm and by 2 am the temperature had dropped from 29 to -10. The cold was enhanced with 24 roph winds causing a -70 wind-chill factor. A record low occurred on 4 Feb, and the remainder of the month was frigid and windy. Ponds were 100% ice covered, which rarely occurs. Mountain snowpack dropped to 87%.
Abnormally high precipitation in March made up for the deficiencies in the previous two months; 21" of snow fell, just short of the record. Ice cover on the ponds remained at 100% during the first half of the month, but at month's end most were open. A low- elevation melt occurred during the later part of the second week, causing two diversion dikes on Threemile Creek to wash out. Most ponds were ice free by 24 March.
2 Spring was very windy. Damaging winds struck periodically throughout April and May, blowing several osprey nests down. Overall, snowpack was 10 to 30% below normal. The high elevation melt was gradual, beginning in mid-May and continuing throughout the first week.in June. River levels peaked 10 May. By the end of June, valley conditions were fair; however, mountain conditions were dry. All refuge impoundments met water level objectives.
A hail storm on 27 July, which lasted about 30 minutes damaged crops in three fields. The storm, which dropped one inch of rain, was very localized; no hail or rain fell in town. Damaging winds destroyed two of the five newly established cormorants* nests. Extremely dry conditions prevailed in the mountains and a record 231 fires were recorded for the Bitterroot Valley by the end of the month, 9 of which were person-caused. That number breaks a 23-year record of 224 fires set in 1966. However, only 200 acres actually burned compared to 31,000 last year from 135 fires. Water levels had dropped in borrow ponds on the west side of the refuge, or dried completely. This is typical for these ponds as they have gravelly bottoms, and need a constant supply of water to maintain levels.
August was wetter than normal and slightly cooler. During both July and August many ranchers, including our cooperative, farmer were caught with hay drying in the fields when the rains came. A dusting of snow occurred on St. Mary's on the 24th; unlike the past two years, there were still patches of snow from last winter. Hail fell on the 30th.
The first frost occurred on 11 September, and a dusting of snow fell in the valley on 31 October. Most of November was unseasonably mild. This resulted in poor big-game hunter success throughout the) Bitterroot Valley, as animals were well dispersed. By months end most ponds were frozen except for small areas below spillways and springs.
C. LAND ACQUISITION
1. Fee Title
On 11 February, Harold and Willie Mae Hagen moved out of their home, which is located on the refuge. They had a "life use" agreement on the house after selling their ranch to the Service. The Hagen*s signed a Quit Claim Deed on 8 June which transferred the remaining life use to the Service in exchange for $500.00. The house and three out buildings sit on one acre of land. The house and site may be National Register Eligible. See Sec.D-4.
2. Easements
The Stevensville Golf Course is the only inholding; access is via a gravel road through refuge lands. When the golf course went to secure a loan for improvements, the bank needed written proof of an easement. No such records existed. It was decided that the Golf Course had a "right" by way of implied easement. An Access Agreement was drawn up and signed by both parties in July.
D. PLANNING
1. Master Plan '
Parts I and II, Background and Operating Statements, of Refuge Planning were re-submitted in August and subsequently approved.
2. Management Plan
The 1989 Hunting Modifications Plan, Station Safety Management Plan and the new Cropland Management Plan were approved, see Sec.F-4.
Ron Skates, Fishery Assistance, Kalispell, MT, completed a DRAFT Fishery Management Plan in April. The draft plan supports filling requests for large mouth bass brood stock for transplanting to state and federal waters. It also supports Fishing Clinics for local youth. The issue on whether or not to open interior ponds to public access has just recently been decided. The refuge will not be opened to the general public, and this issue must be clarified in the plan.
4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resource Mandates
A Section 7 Evaluation was completed for the Refuge Hunting Plan on 17 January.
Pond E (Otter Pond) Restoration - Ducks Unlimited: The following is a list of accomplishments this year to satisfy NEPA requirements. All other permits were approved in 1988.
21 April Archeological survey completed by Kirby Mathews, Archeological Technician, USFS; no artifacts were found. 18 May Comment period on water rights application closed; no objections were filed. 6 June SHPO approved project, and state approved water rights permit. 14 July Environmental Assessment approved. 17 July FONSI signed.
Hagen House/Historical Significance: In Montana, any building over 80 years old is National Register Eligible. The Hagen house is a hand-hewn, log cabin structure with siding and is at least 109 years old. The following is a summary of actions taken this year to meet the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.
21 April K. Mathews, Archeological Tech., USFS, took preliminary look at interior. He thought the house was in good shape and may be historically significant since Montana's first permanent white settlement was in this area.
4 October Compiled historical information gathered from H.Hagen.
25 Oct. Completed Title Search; land was transferred from the U.S. Govt, under the Homestead Act to P. and D. Whaley on 19 May 1887. Reference was made to a water right secured 15 April 1865.
30 Oct. Requested copies of the Homestead Applications from the National Archives & Records Admin, WO.
8 Dec. Bernie Wiesgerber, Exhibit Specialist, Cape Haterus National Seashore, National Park Service, spent 1.5 hours at the site. Based on his preliminary review, he felt the building was architecturally equal in significance to the Grant Coors Ranch, and would qualify for the National Register. He also felt maintaining site integrity was important. Mr. Wiesgerber attended a three year training course in building restoration, specializing in log homes.
Wetland Mitigation: The Montana Department of Highways needed to find wetland mitigation sites for road construction projects on HWY 93. In November the Department reached an agreement with the Inter- Agency Wetland Committee, which allowed them to reimburse DU for the Otter Pond Project for 60 acres of wetland credit. MDOH settled on $180,000; $156,000 for Otter Pond and the balance for seeding the dike. In the agreement MDOH stated reimbursed monies were to be used for wetland projects on the refuge.
5. Research and Investigation
LEE METCALF NR *89 - "Bio-control Study of Spotted Knapweed" MSU, Bozeraan, MT, Jim Story, Research Entomologist - Principle Investigator, Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, MT.
Since 1984, Mr. Story has been monitoring the results of controlling spotted knapweed by means of insects. The refuge provides an abundance of spotted knapweed which has not been chemically controlled. It is an ideal site for the release and subsequent follow-up of introduced biological control agents.
Publications: Effect of Two Introduced Seed Head Flies on Spotted Knapweed, J.M. Story, K.W. Boggs, and R.M. Nowierski, Montana Ag. - Research, Vol. 5 (1), Winter 1989.
The following is a summary of the 1989 field season results.
1. Data analysis of a study to determine the compatibility of two seed head flies, Urophora spp., and the seed head moth, Metzneria paucipunctella is near completion.
2. This was the third field season to determine optimum procedures for releasing a newly-introduced root-mining moth, Agapeta zoegana on spotted knapweed. The study involves comparisons between caged
5 releases of eggs and adults in moist and dry sites in an attempt to determine optimum release site criteria and optimum developmental stage for the moth. Data results were poor in 1989 due to excessive drought-caused mortality to the moth. These data are especially significant as they provide the first information to date on factors enhancing establishment of the moth in the United States.
3. An additional'1,104 adults of Agapeta zoegana were released in 1989. To minimize future drought effects on the moth population, the releases were made at a site with deeper soils than previous release sites.
4. A knapweed seed-head fly mortality study was initiated this field season, to determine the cause and extent of mortality to the two flies (Urophora spp.) prior to adult emergence from galls. The study is being conducted at 18 sites in western Montana, one of which is the refuge. Preliminary data indicate high mortality is being caused by several species of rodents (Peromyscus spp., Microtus spp., and Sorex spp.) and birds (primarily chickadees, Parus spp.) throughout the 18 sites.
5. A study to monitor the phenological development of spotted knapweed was initiated this year. The refuge site is one of several in the Bitterroot Valley.
6. Data was collected from permanent plots established on the refuge to monitor long term changes in the density of spotted knapweed and competing vegetation.
7. On 14 September a new agent, Cyphocleonus achates, was approved for release. This is a flightless weevil. The larvae are enormous and attack the roots of spotted knapweed. Thirty were placed on the south end of the waterfowl hunting area.
LEE METCALF NR '89 - "Beaver Ecology Proiect" / UM, Missoula, MT, Tiro VanDeelan, Masters Candidate. Principle Investigator Mt. Coop. Wildlife Research Unit.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of juvenile dispersal on beaver population stability. This study has been ongoing for the last five years, and none of the four study sites are located on the refuge. Three dispersal parameters most likely to influence beaver population dynamics are:
- the incidence of dispersal in the 2 year-old age class - survivorship of dispersing 2 year-olds - distance of dispersal
This year surplus/problem beaver were live-trapped from the refuge. All two year-olds were implanted with radio transmitters and transplanted to one of four active colonies. Because beaver are territorial, the transplants effect a "forced" dispersal. Older beaver were relocated to USES sites. Female beaver that were kill- trapped were examined for fecundity data. Under this study seven
6 beaver were live-trapped of which two were radioed. An additional six were kill-trapped.
LEE METCALF NR '89 - "The Use of Artificial Nests as an Index to Natural Nest Success in Upland Nesting Ducks"fUMy Missoula, MT, Victoria Kurnat, Masters Candidate. Principle Investigator Mt. Coop. Wildlife Research Unit.
This is the first year of this study. The purpose is to evaluate the potential for using predation on artificial nests as an index to predation on natural nests. Nine sites throughout the state were selected, of which Metcalf was one. The following table summarizes nest success for the 1989 field season.
Mayfield Nest Success on Nine Sites in Montana, 1989.
SITE NATURAL ARTIFICIAL % No. % No. { Lee Metcalf NWR 0 7 24 88 Hailstone NWR 2 12 4 94 Halfbreed NWR 40 23 19 84
No islands were searched for nests; only upland areas surrounding bodies of water. One-25 acre stubble field had been dragged for waterfowl nests and only one gadwall nest had been found. When the site was hayed for weed control, the farmer found (ran into or over) four broods. Coyotes were working the area at the same time, and unfortunately the farmer didn't think to collect any birds.
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7 E. ADMINISTRATION
1. Personnel
1. Margaret M. Anderson, Refuge Manager (PET), GS-11, EOD 8/86 2. Calvin J. Henry, Maintenance Worker (PET), WG-8, EOD 10/84 2a. Kootenai, Seasonal Duck Retriever 3. Patience V. Fehr, Refuge Assistant (PPT), GS-5, EOD 3/86 4. Beth K. Underwood, Education Tech., (TPT), GS-5
FIVE YEAR STAFFING PATTERN - LEE METCALF NWR
Permanent Total FY FT PT Temp. FTE
89 2 1 1 2.9 88 2 1 1 2.8 87 2 1 2 2.9 86 2 1 2.6 85 2 1 1
Patience Fehr, Refuge Assistant, was converted from career conditional to permanent status effective 10 August.
Cal Henry's Position Description was updated in August. He was on Military Leave 6-19 August. Cal celebrated 30 years in government service, 16 September. Staff, several volunteers, and family held a luncheon where he received his 30-year pin and severa1"spoof" gifts.
8 Margaret Anderson received the Montana Conservation Professional of the Year Award from the Montana Wildlife Federation in May. Anderson spoke at the Refuge Academy, Blair, NB, on 8 May.
2. Youth Programs
This was the fifth year of the YCC program. This program is administered under a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. Forest Service, Stevensville Ranger District. The refuge hires two enrollees and the FS hires six. This agreement works well for both agencies and provides enrollees with a greater variety of field experience. The program ran 19 June to 11 August.
In a drawing held 17 April, pre-schoolers from the Kinderhaus Day Care Center selected refuge enrollees, Kara Hagen and Albert Goss, from 22 applicants.
This year the two picnic area nature trails were re-chipped. Interpretive signs were installed on these trails and on the new trail in the waterfowl hunting area. New supports and signs were installed at all of the waterfowl/hunting access points, vastly improving the appearance of these areas. All of the old decrepit, cement fire grills were removed from the picnic area, and two new fire rings, donated by the Forest Service, were installed. The new pump house, the rail fence at the shop, and an out house were stained. The group also poured the foundations for the "guide signs" on Eastside Highway and on EiWY 93. Two patches of leafy spurge were either cut or pulled and piled.
We had one unfortunate incident occur. Enrollee Goss severed the top of his thumb on 8 August while working on a Forest Service project. Surgery was required and the accident resulted in three lost time days.
3. Other Man-Power Programs
SEABEEs: This was the third year the U.S. Navy Reserve, Mobile Construction (SEABEE) Battalion, stationed out of Old Fort Missoula, used the refuge for a work site. This year, four to ten Seabees usually spent one weekend every other month working on refuge projects. Work includes heavy equipment, building, vehicle, structure, and public use facility maintenance.
Workfare; This was the second year the refuge utilized this program, which is administered by the State through the Human Resource Council, Hamilton, MT. Gary Bechtel and Gary Bonebright worked January through April and provided much assistance with general maintenance. This was Bonebright's second year with us. In May he continued working for us under the JTPA program.
Job Training Partnership Act - (JTPA): This was the first year the refuge participated in this program, which is also administered by the Human Resource Council. This is an eight week program, which pays qualifying adults minimum wage. Gary Bonebright worked 128
9 hours, 31 May - 27 June, at which time he found steady employment.
The Seabees, Workfare, and JTPA people are signed up as refuge volunteers. All hours worked on the refuge and projects completed are reported in the Volunteer Section.
4. Volunteer Programs
This year the refuge was again extremely fortunate to have several dedicated and talented individuals and groups give time and funds to refuge programs. They contributed a total of 2104 hours, 152 more than last year.
Earl Mansfield, again, contributed the most hours of any individual. His total volunteer hours over the past three years tally 928! Although Earl has worked on many different projects - fencing, signing, public use facilities, habitat protection - his pet project is still maintaining wood duck boxes and evaluating their success. This year Earl embarked on a new venture. He suggested that we have a "greeting committee" of volunteers at our KIOSKS over holiday weekends during the summer. The idea was to give us an opportunity to contact our local refuge users, explain our mission and any new changes, collect ideas and concerns, and hopefully reduce the number of general trespass incidents on the refuge. So, for one weekend in April, May, June and July, Earl and his wife, Marcia, set up office on the back of a refuge pickup at the south end KIOSK. Along with refreshments, exhibits and leaflets, Mansfield offered information on refuge wildlife and management and solicited impressions and recommendations from visitors. This brainstorm of Earl's to improve communication between the public and refuge staff has proved to be a great opportunity for us to get our message out, and the public enjoyed it immensely.
Don Melgren has completed his third year as a refuge volunteer. Don continues to conduct the weekly waterfowl census and, this year, designed and built an elaborate habitat exhibit for teachers to use with their students. Don is a miniature train freak and makes splendid use of his talent for creating miniatures for scenery and props in his exhibit. The hands-on display asks teachers and students to explore cultural impact on natural ecosystems.
Volunteers, Sheila Morrison, Don Melgren, Jim Story, Colleen Powell, Rick Brown and Earl Mansfield, received letters of appreciation from the refuge, along with a "Save the Wetlands" sun visor. The refuge staff also sent letters and news releases out to convey our appreciation to Bitterroot Audubon, Bitterroot Bassmasters/Big Sky Bassers, Hamilton Jr. High Students and the SEABEES.
10 5/89 "TAILGATE" OPEN HOUSE MMA Earl spreading the word about refuges
7/89 MMA Don Melgren, refuge volunteer, created this eco-display as a learning tool for local teachers and students.
11 1989 Volunteers - Lee Metcalf NWR
Name Hrs.
Earl Mansfield 339 Don Mellgren 172 Marcia Mansfield 128 Sheila Morrison 101 Shawn Leisure 87 Larry Anderson 33 Warren Heth 30 Dehhy McGill 24 Beattie McGill 23 Denver Holt 13 Kim Ahby' 13 Russ ^ Lynn Parrish 8 Sue Bal1 8 Beth Underwood 6 UM-WiId 1ife Students(VK,N)13 Sally Hedeman 3 Bitterroot Audubon 174 Jim Story Rick & Shannon Brown Co J 1een Powel1 (Workfare 194 JTPA 128 SEABEE Battalion 1718 174 Bitterroot Bassmasters & Big Sky Bassers 155 Hamilton Jr. High Studts. 60 Five Valley Audubon 12 Spring Teachers Wrkshp. 184 Winter Teachers Wrkshp. 12 Waterfowl Clinic 8 Andy Anderson 2
TOTAL 2104
The following is a breakdown of hours by job description
Project Description Hrs
General Maintenance 781 (Bldgs./Vehicle/Heavy Equip./ Irrig. equip./Public Use Facil.) Environmental Education 653 (Fishing/Waterfowl Clinics/ Teachers Workshops/Open House/ Museum) Hagen House 113 Flowers (slide collection/talk) 101 Census: Waterfowl 55 Warbler 22 Owl Pellet Analys./Sm. mammal trap. 90 Pheasant Trapping 51 Water (gauge readings/instal. 26 safety screens) Habitat(cattai1 ctrl/protection) 32 Waterfowl Blinds/Signing 10 Prescribed Burning 14 Wood Duck Box Maint. 94 LE-Observation/Track Deer 6 Miscellaneous 56
12 5. Funding
Station funding was adequate to accomplish most of the annual work plan advices and replace some worn equipment. Funding levels are still short of what was allotted in FY 85; smaller budget with less buying power when one considers inflation, FERS, and step increases.
FIVE YEAR FUNDING SUMMARY - LEE METCALF NWR
FLEX/ CHAL. TOTAL FY ARMMS GRANT YCC FUNDING QUARTERS
89 4,000 3,000 3,000 128,900 8,000 88 8,000 3,000 123,000 8,200 87 39,000 3,000 129,700 8,681 86 15,000 3,000 122,500 3,000 85 3,000 136,000
We were fortunate in that we received additional funds from various sources.
OUTSIDE FUNDING
Cash Donations* 618 Inter-elevator transfer 4,300 Ducks Unlimited/Otter Pond 200,000 204,918
* funds administered by Bitterroot Audubon
6. Safety
All staff participated in a "Wellness Clinic", 7 and 27 July, arranged by the U.S. Forest Service. Cholesterol, blood pressure, / body fat, and a survey on living habits were collected and evaluated. A great deal of literature was also provided. The clinic was well worth the $20/person. Anderson and Henry completed annual hearing test and Lymes screening in October. The State Fish, Wildlife & Parks presented a one-hour session in the field on water and boating safety during our Junior Waterfowl Clinic held in December. In November, Cal Henry presented a gun safety class to 97 Cub/Tiger scouts and their parents. This request resulted from an unfortunate incident, when a local boy was shot and killed by a friend, who was showing him his Dad's gun.
The Station Safety Plan was updated, last writing 1967, and approved in November. The annual Hazardous Materials Inventory was completed in December.
13 Safety meetings are held periodically and the following is a summary.
1989 SAFETY MEETINGS & TRAINING - LEE METCALF NWR
Date Attended By Topics Hrs
Jan. G.Bonebright Drivers Ed. 4
June YCC On the Job Safety 8
July BU,CH,PF,MA Wellness Clinic 2.5
Sep. BU,MA Water Safety 1
Oct. BU,CH,PF,MA Lymes Disease 1
Dec. BU,CH,PF,BU CPR Update 1 Read Station Safety Plan
Facilities & Equipment: 5 July the radon detector monitor from the office was sent in for analysis; CGS monitored office air quality, 22 September. A new J.D. rotary mower arrived, 7 July, with rear and front chain shields, a much safer piece of equipment than the item replaced. Two fire extinguishers were installed in the oil house and a seatbelt in the backhoe.
Accidents: On 8 August, YCC enrollee, A. Goss, severed the top of his thumb. He was holding a tree branch back from a logging road so a vehicle could pass, when the tree snapped him forward. His thumb was crushed between the branch and vehicle tire. At the time, the enrollees were working for the USFS. Goss was in surgery for 1.5 hours. All accident reports were submitted and OWCP notified. Thi^s accident resulted in 3 lost time days; Goss is doing fine. The accident was investigated by FS staff. As a result all staff were reminded of the proper way to remove brush, trees, etc. from a roadway and the dangers involved.
7. Technical Assistance
Assistance was provided to the U.S. Forest Service, Soil Conservation Service, and Teller Wildlife Refuge, Inc. on the following topics:
- identifying areas of point source sediment pollution in the Threeraile Creek drainage, - aquatic invertebrate sampling in Threemile Cr., - managing public hunting - environmental ed., interpretive signs (text & mounting) - development of a regional recreation leaflet
1A 8. Other Items
Associate Manager, Barney Schranck, met with Henry and Underwood on 17 July as part of this years Operational Inspection. He completed the inspection on 8-9 August.
Anderson attended the Project Leaders Meeting, 21-23 February, in Missoula, MT, and 'the Annual Work Planning Meeting, 18-21 September, Jackson Hole, WY.
Training completed during the year is listed below.
1989 TRAINING COMPLETED - LEE METCALF NWR
Date Attended By Topic
1/24-30 Anderson LE Refresher, 40 hou 2/21-27 Henry Marana, AZ 2/22 Anderson EEO, 1 hour Missoula, MT 3/6-10 Anderson S-390, 80 hour. Home/Denver, CO 4/4,5 Anderson Knapweed Symposium Bozemam, MT 4/15 Fehr Word Perfect/5.0, 9 i 4/25 Anderson, Henry Dam Safety, 5 hour Missoula, MT
F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT
1. General / There were no major changes in the habitat inventory in 1989. Aerial infrared transparencies were taken of the entire refuge, August 1987. Sue Ball, University of Montana, completed the first draft of a habitat map from these photos.
Over the past three years volunteer, Shiela Morrison, has made a tremendous effort to compile a comprehensive plant list and slide program for the refuge. Nearly 400 species of plants are found in this area. To date she has photographed 118 species, primarily flowering plants.
15 1989 "Pine Drops" Sheila Morrison
A rare wooly clover, Trifolium microcephaluni, was found on the refuge by local botanist Wally Albert. He also found two other locations off refuge. Lewis & Clark had noted its presence in this area when they journeyed through. Mr. Albert also found Cyperus rivularis on the refuge. Both plants are rated S-l, which designates the most critically imperiled plants in the state. Ranking is determined by the number of sites in the state. At this time no protection is extended to these species.
2. Wetlands
The year began with Ponds 1 and 4 in drawdown. All other pools we^e at or near maximum levels and experiencing flow- through except pond 3. Throughout most of February and the first half of March ponds were 100% ice covered, which rarely occurs. A low elevation melt occurred mid-March causing two diversion dikes on Threemile Creek to wash out. Most ponds were ice free by 24 March. The high elevation melt was gradual, beginning in raid-May and continuing throughout the first week in June. River levels peaked 10 May. By the end of June valley conditions were fair; however, mountain conditions were dry. All refuge impoundments met water level objectives.
During July, water levels dropped in borrow ponds on the west side of the refuge or dried completely. This is typical for these ponds as they all have gravelly bottoms and need a constant supply of water to maintain levels. A wetter-than-norma1 August somewhat restored these ponds; however, pond C never regained maximum pool. At year's end. Pond 11 was in scheduled drawdown. Pond 13 was also dry, due to lack of water supply from Threemile Creek, an unavoidable circumstance due to the construction of Otter Pond (E).
16 The following is a more detailed summary of water level management and problems encountered this year:
Sapphire Pond (#1); This 18-acre pond never holds water over winter, since it depends totally on supply ditch water. Water began flowing into the pond in early May, and was partially flooded for the second season. At the end of August, levels were brought to maxitnum pool. Vegetation establishment was excellent as a result of two years in drawdown, and cattail encroachment was not a problem. Waterfowl, shorebirds and a pair of sandhill cranes used the area extensively. Water levels began to drop at the end of October, and the pond was dry by the first of December.
/ 7/89 MMA Pond 1, after partial flooding.
Ravalli Pond (3): This 20-acre pond was scheduled for drawdown. Water levels were gradually dropped beginning at the end of March, and it was essentially drained by mid-April. Establishment of smartweed occurred in 30 to 40% of exposed flats. Thick stands of cattail seedlings also took hold with bulrush prevalent throughout. Most of the smartweed were still in flower 30 August, so only shallow flooding of the pond floor was initiated. Pool levels were gradually raised to within a half foot of maximum pool by the end of September. Great blue herons and yellow-headed black birds used the area extensively after initial drawdown, along with several turkey vultures. Shorebirds utilized the mudflats extensively in the spring, and waterfowl moved in during September. Several muskrat lodges were constructed in the newly established cattail stands.
Teal Pond (#4): This 14-acre pond entered its second year in
17 drawdown. On 11 April, five acres of predominantly rank cattails and one acre of sedge were burned. On 23 May, three S'X 5' protected plots of wild rice were planted, and several unprotected plots were also seeded. Plots protected from waterfowl and muskrats did well; unprotected plots did not. Vegetative establishment on exposed flats was excellent. Plants observed were veronicas, smartweed, forget-me-not, watercress, some bulrush, and yellow-sweet clover. Cattail encroachment was not a problem. Water levels were gradually raised beginning on 21 July. By 6 September levels were just short of maximum pool. Shorebirds used the area during drawdown and after flooding was initiated, waterfowl broods moved in immediately.
Mallard Pond (6); Last year a protected plot of wild rice, 1000 sq. ft., was planted in this 14-acre pond. Germination and seed production was excellent. The mesh from the top of the cage was removed in the fall of 1988. No reseeding/germination occurred in 1989. ( Threemile Pond (11): Dewatering was initiated at the end of March and remained in drawdown throughout the rest of the year. This pond was scheduled for drawdown to facilitate construction of Otter Pond. Shorebirds utilized the mudflats. Very little vegetative establishment was observed on exposed flats. These areas consist of very fine sediments one to three feet thick.
Woody Pond (13): This is our northern-most pond and needs a constant water supply to maintain levels. Because the Threemile water supply was bypassed and pond 11 was in drawdown, levels began to drop in October. At year's end this pond was almost dry.
Blue Heron Pond (12): Water levels began to drop slightly in December. This pond also depends on Threemile Creek for water supply but receives a good supply from springs.
MPC Pair Ponds: Last year three seasonal ponds, about five acres, were rehabilitated with mitigation funds from Montana Power Company. Engineering and administration was provided by Ducks Unlimited. The Supply Ditch is the only water source, consequently the ponds will be seasonal. Water was diverted into the pair ponds in June, and considering this was the first time in over 10 years the area had been flooded, results were encouraging. The first pond was filled to half pool quickly, and then water was diverted to the second pond. This pond began to fill quickly when subbing occurred into the lower portion of the third pond. By month's end only the first pond held water. We suspected drainage into Potato Cellar was occurring. All ponds dried in July when the Supply Ditch closed down and temperatures reached the 90s. Water flows were exceptional in August in spite of an old wooden culvert, located under the railroad tracks, collapsing. Water began subbing from the western-most dike, creating a marsh out of our pistol range. This ended when we raised levels in the first pond and lowered the second.
18 Throughout September the island in the first pond was completely surrounded by water. The Supply Ditch dried at the end of September and the pair ponds in mid-October, at which time levels in Potato Cellar started to drop.
This was definitely a learning year. The railroad will replace the collapsed culvert, water will be turned on in May, and hopefully the ponds will seal better next year. Three teal broods, half grown with 4 to 5 young, and a mallard brood of two were observed in the ponds. Waterfowl were always flushed from the site, when water was available. During the first week of October, Henry observed 200 mallards on the ponds.
——i—in<1i mi i —•in•hi 111 in—i m 7/89 MPC Pair Pond MMA
Otter Pond (E): Last year Ducks Unlimited agreed to take on the task of solving the sediment problem entering the northern ponds via Threemile Creek. They proposed constructing a new pond, which would divert overflow water from Pond 10 into 11, 12, and 13, completely bypassing Threemile. Construction of Otter Pond began in August and was completed the week before Christmas. Trees that were knocked over were piled and anchored. All that's needed are the stoplogs. See Sec. 1.1.
As discussed above, and in last years narrative, several attempts have been made to establish wild rice in various ponds and sloughs. Monitoring of these plots was done by Mai Wescott, Western Agricultural Research Center, Germination is not a problem if plots are protected from wildlife; both ducks and muskrats key in on these small plots. On 27 September, another 200#s of rice were picked up from Idaho State Fish & Game, Harrison, ID. Anderson met with a state biologist and private consultant to discuss the problem of establishment. They recommended seeding at 30#s/acre on at least 10
19 acres. Planting techniques were also discussed. We exchange wild pheasants for this seed.
The sediment load from Threemile Creek continues to be an issue of concern to the refuge, SCS, USES, and State officials. Bypassing the creek doesn't solve the sediment load issue; this water source should not be abandoned. During periods of drought it is an essential source'of supply, and future refuge needs can not be predicted. On 17 October a "show me" tour of the creek drainage was conducted by SCS for refuge and FS staff. Point source areas of sediment loads were identified. Most of the heavy sediment load originates from a mile-long section just east of the refuge. This portion of the creek is bordered by private lands. Later in the month aquatic invertebrates were collected by refuge, FS, and SCS staff throughout the drainage. The SCS has applied for funding for stream bank stabilization.
About 14,000 cubic yards of washed sand are still stockpiled along the banks of the Threemile sediment ponds. In an effort to get rid of this material we began to advertize "free sand" last year. This year "FREE SAND DAYS" were held 16 to 28 July for the general public. In addition, the USFS and a local daycare hauled several loads. The County Highway Commissioners have listed the site for future possibilities.
3. Forests
There are about 1200 acres of river bottom forest lands which are typically of the Ponderosa pine-cottonwood type. The present age of timber and the open growing sites precludes its being of commercial value.
Beaver pose a continual threat to cottonwood and aspen stands, DBH of 4 to 20 inches. Many of these younger trees will be future osprey nest sites and must be protected. Special Use Permits have been issued for trapping during the last five years. Staff and university personnel have also relocated animals.
4. Croplands
In the past about 330 acres of land were farmed by one or two permittees. Roughly 40% of the land was in summer fallow each year for weed control and the balance in small grains. Chemicals and fertilizer were also used. The permittee paid all farming operation expenses with the refuge providing the water. The farmer harvested two-thirds and left the remainder standing. Last year we entered into a new program. The following is a summary of goals:
-- reduce cropland acreage by 100, -- convert from a conventional to a sustainable program involving cropland rotation, -- and improve irrigation equipment by converting hand lines to wheel lines.
20 This was the second year of a five-year transition period with a new cooperative farmer. During this time, summer fallowing, chemicals and fertilizers will be phased out. Nitrogen-fixing crops will be used on a rotational basis to improve soil tilth and health. Irrigated croplands, 170 acres, will be managed in a 5-year rotation involving small grains and alfalfa. Sub-irrigated lands, 90 acres, will be managed in a S-year rotation of sweet clover and small grains. During this transition, the farmer gets the hay crop and the refuge receives the grain crop. The farmer pays for his seed and we pay for ours, including all of the sub-irrigated crop seed. Sixty acres of grain crop will be available for wildlife each year when the program is fully implemented.
This year the trials and tribulations have been character-forming for both parties. Transition problems revolve around lack of funds to purchase sufficient irrigation equipment; conversion to a wheel line system was estimated at $55,000. Another problem is wild oat control, especially in the subirrigated lands. Our new farmer under-estimated the amount of time it would take to manage this area, coupled with the fact that he had many equipment failures to deal with. In May, broken tractors, irrigation equipment problems, and several cold, rainy days delayed planting and field preparation. In general, many fields should have been planted earlier and irrigated more frequently; three fields (S-l, 1-5, se DNC) scheduled for summer fallowing never were; and mis-communications added to the confusion.
Sixty acres of alfalfa planted last year were fertilized 8 April, one field prepared for seeding, and the field scheduled for barley was mowed on 27 April. Irrigation of the northern two alfalfa fields began 17 May. Field 1-1 was planted to alfalfa on 31 May and fertilized 8 June. Field I-2a was planted to alfalfa 8 June, a nurse crop of oats was used on two-thirds of this field. A straight alfalfa mix, containing 20% of a spreader variety has been used.
Alfalfa fields l-2b/l,2 were cut 30 June, and 1-3 on 6 July. A localized hail storm 27 July damaged vegetation in fields I-2a and 1-3. Because of wet weather in August the second cutting of alfalfa was delayed; haying was completed 15 September.
The refuge barley crop, 30 acres, was planted 15 May; FARGO and fertilizer, both of which were approved, were not used, primarily because of budget constraints. No irrigation equipment was available for this field; therefore, we tried to employ flood irrigation. Water first reached the field during the last week in June. Ditches were not placed properly by the farmer; however, he felt supply areas were not cleaned properly and water flow was limited. Use of 24-D was approved, but never applied. The farmers sprayer broke down, and by the time he notified us that we would have to locate another sprayer, it was too late. The 27 July hail storm hit this field also. The crop, what there was of it, was destroyed. Total yield, prior to the storm, was no more than 20 to 40 bushels per acre. This was the only grain that would have been available for waterfowl this year.
21 Field 1-5 was scheduled for summer fallow. This never occurred. On 22 June the field was nearly 100% mustard; refuge staff mowed it. Staff planted sweet clover in S-2, 6 June. Wild and volunteer oats were hayed by the farmer in S-lf 22 June; this field had been scheduled for summer fallowing. Haying was initiated in S-3, second year sweet clover, 13 July. There were very few weeds in this field, only an occasional thistle. The first year sweet clover, field S-2, was hayed 26 September for wild oats control. Field S-l was hayed twice prior to planting winter wheat on 17 September. Good germination occurred and growth was visible by the second week in October. This field was never summer fallowed, and is one of the areas where wild oats is a severe problem.
The lack of grain and large haying operation did not go unnoticed by waterfowl hunters. There were a large number of complaints, especially by the old timers who were involved in the master planning process. We have asked for their patience in this matter, but if things don't improve in the very near future, many have expressed an eagerness and desire to lodge written complaints with state representatives,
5. Grasslands
Last year several fields were identified for removal from cropland production. Two were planted to DNC and three areas were identified for summer fallowing in 1989. The following is a summary of this year's results:
South Field: this 23-acre field was planted to the following mixtures 17 May 1988, and hayed that summer for wild oats control.
Acres Mixture #/ac
15 Ladak A. 1.3 Basin WR 6.0 Delar Sml. Burnet 1.3 Alkar TW 4.5
8 Basin WR 6.0 Delar Sml. Burnet 2.0 Alkar TW 4.4
This year a brief thaw, 24 to 26 of February, caused water to pool on this field, attracting large numbers of waterfowl and geese, about 2,000. The birds caused extensive damage in a few pockets throughout the field, which were reseeded to tall wheat grass in the spring. On 10 July, Keith Robertson, SCS, inspected the site. Quack grass made up about 50% of the fields, wild oats was prevalent throughout most of the area, but there were very few thistles. There was one patch of Canada thistle and another of bull, where bales of hay had been stored. Tall wheat grass was up and doing well, especially in the reseeded spots. There was some evidence of burnet and a good show of alfalfa; no basin wild rye. Black medic was very prevalent, which is a nitrogen fixer. During
22 the fall and winter, pheasants heavily utilized this field. S. KIOSK Field: This field is about 6 acres and was treated the same as the field above, but planted to a mixture as follows;
Basin WR 8.4 Ladak A. 3.4 Alkar TW 3.4
This field had less problems with quack grass and wild oats; no basin wild rye was observed.
Quarters Strips; Roughly two acres of strips were planted last year to the following mixture. Prior to planting these areas were disked several times, no farming or grazing had occurred since the late 'TOs.
Basin WR 8.0 Alkar TW 3.0 Delar Sm.Burnet 3.0
White dutch clover, black medic, yarrow and mullein predominated. Some burnet was found, but no basin or tall wheat.
A 10 acre field, located in the southeast portion of the refuge, a five acre field northeast of the shop, and another five acre field north of the shop were supposed to be summer fallowed. This did not occur; however, the first two fields were mowed twice for weed control. Cheat and quack grass, Canada thistle, mustard, pigweed and other weeds were well established. Both fields were turned over in the fall. Keith Robertson, SCS, recommended that neither of these fields be planted until they were summer fallowed for an entire growing season, preferably with chemicals. The SCS was planning to contribute some of the seed for the DNC mixtures in these fields.
On 9 August, Anderson participated in a program titled "New Ideas for More Grass - Less Weeds" sponsored by Ravalli County Weed District, Bitterroot Soil Conservation District, Dow Chemical, and County Extension Service. Over 60 people attended and were bussed around to five sites for demonstrations and discussions on weed control. The 23 acre DNC site discussed above and selected cropland areas on the refuge were the first stops; good seed bed preparation was stressed. Other sites demonstrated areas that were chemically treated and reseeded, holistic management, and biological control agents. The group was dynamic, diverse in interests, and full of questions and ideas.
Private consultant, Celestine Lacey, and Mary McKane, Dow Chemical, looked at several knapweed areas for potential research sites. They needed a location easily accessible to the general public. This site would be used to demonstrate the importance of reseeding knapweed- infested areas that have been treated chemically, mechanically, etc. A site was located next to the north KIOSK. A special-use permit
23 was issued to Weed Management Consultant Services. On 19 September two small plots were treated, one with Tordon, the other with Stinger at 0.25 lbs./acre. Areas will be seeded next spring.
6. Other Habitats
Vegetation, specifically browse species, continues to suffer due to the abundance of whitetail deer on the refuge. A browse line is evident throughout most of the refuge. A 10* Christmas tree, set up in the residence yard, provided the deer with some unexpected holiday munchies. The colored lights did nothing to deter them, and probably made the meal more festive.
7. Grazing
All grazing was terminated in August 1975.
8. Haying
The following is a summary of hay removed. Most of the haying was done after July 15. YSC refers to yellow sweet clover in the first or second year of growth.
Area Acres Hay Cuttings Bales - Tons
S-l 30 weed 2 2036 - 58 S-2 40 YSCl 1 720 - 20 S-3 20 YSC2 1 2530 - 72 I-2A 20 oat/alf. 1 790 - 22 I-2B 20 alfalfa 2 1500 - 43 1-3 40 alfalfa 2 2439 - 70 10015 - 285
The following is a summary of work, costs and conditions by the cooperative farmer:
Field 1-3
1988 Seeded late June - $1307 Power - $239 TOTAL $1546
Summer was very dry, no rains, irrigated poorly, good germination for next year.
1989 Fertilizer - $959 Power - $484 TOTAL $1443
Yield - 2 cuttings; 72 Ton Irrigation started later and not efficient. Started with short wheel line, end of season still short 2 lengths. Second cut 12" tall, hailed out in July.
24 Field I-2a
1989 Seeded 9 June @ 14#/ac - $662.20 Fertilizer - $622.53 Power - $167.08 TOTAL $1451.81
Nurse crop of oats used; hailed out in July.
Field I-2b
1988 Seeded - $580 Power - $316 TOTAL $896
Seeded late with no summer rains, hot and dry; poorly irrigated but good germination.
1989 Fertilizer - $426 Power - $210 TOTAL $636
Yield - 43 Tons
Field 1-1
1989 Seeded 1 June @ 14#/ac - $842 Fertilizer - $792.30 TOTAL $1634.30 Yield - none Power - shares with I-2a
Crop overtaken with weeds; hailed out in July; stand seems good.
9. Fire Management
The 1989 Prescribed Burn Plan was approved in March and the 1990 Plan in November.
Three prescribed burns were completed as follows:
Site Date Acres Fuels
Teal Pond Drawdown 4/11 5 cattails N. Pole Barn 4/11 3 grass/sedge E. Golf Course 4/12 30 grass
Geese heavily utilized the three-acre burn north of the pole barn. The golf course burn was a success. This area had not been burned or grazed since 1974. Dense mats of residual vegetation were removed. This area consists primarily of tall wheat grass, smooth brome, Kentucky blue and red top. Aster, yarrow, black medic and patches of cattail and knapweed were also represented. The tall
25 wheat grass seems to be invigorated compared to plants in an area adjacent that were not burned. During December, pheasants heavily utilized this field.
About 3 acres of supply-irrigation ditches, located on and off the refuge, were burned. Volunteers, Beattie and Debby McGill, assisted on most of the burns.
10. Pest Control
We receive little pressure from adjacent landowners to control weeds; primarily because most neighboring properties are more infested than ours.
While mowing a 20-acre refuge field for weed control, five fawns and five pheasant broods were observed.
Leafy Spurge: This weed is now located in four sites. A new 6' diameter patch was found by Jim Story, MSU, in July just west and south of the quarters dike/Burnt Fork Ditch. The Bass Creek outlet area includes a small island, and portions of the dike and river bank. Both of these areas were cut and/or pulled twice by volunteers or YCC. A small patch, 3' diameter, on the north end and scattered spots in the road north of the Reynold's barn were diligently pulled throughout the summer.
Spotted Knapweed: See sec. D-5 for results of research efforts directed at controlling this weed.
26 Purple Loosestrife: To date no plants have been found on the refuge; however, landscape companies continue to sell this pest as an ornamental. A local supplier has posted a warning sign telling customers not to plant near water.
Herbicides: Although herbicide use was approved for broad leaf control in one 30 ac barley field, it was not applied. The cooperative farmet's sprayer broke down, and by the time it was operational it was too late to spray. Tordon and Stinger were applied at 0.25 lbs./acre to individual plots less than a half acre in size for knapweed control. See Sec. F.5.
11. Water Rights
The refuge has an excellent water supply through shares owned by the U.S. Government in the Supply Ditch Association. This year the Association turned the water off during the second week in July. This was a non-chemical attempt to control aquatic weeds in the ditch. Temperatures were in the OO's all week. This is a much better alternative to the use of Xylene, which has infiltrated refuge waters in the past.
The Stevensville Golf Course made application for water rights on the Burnt Fork in 1988. The refuge is entitled to 5 cfs flow from this source, and the rights are junior to others. This creek often dries up in July or August, causing several ponds and sloughs to loose water or dry completely. The golf course, which is an 80 acre inholding, would like to use the water to irrigate existing and additional greens. A pre-hearing meeting was held 5 January; refuge objections were discussed. The golf course hired a hydrologist to study the proposal and alternatives. A final report was submitted to the Regional Office in the fall. At years end, most objections were withdrawn; however, all issues were not finalized.
The Bitterroot Irrigation District applied for water diversion rights on Gray Horse and Wheelbarrow Creeks. The FWS filed objections to both, because the proposal may alter the quantity and timing of flows in Threemile Creek, especially during critical periods in late summer.
On 16 June, a certified letter was received from Recht & Greef, P.C., Attorneys at Law, representing the Supply Ditch Association. The letter stated that the Association does not guarantee or warrant, in any way the quality of the water supplied except for irrigation purposes only. The letter further stated that water was not to be used for support of wildlife, as stock water or in ponds. And, the affect of the water supplied by the Association, if used for any other purpose than irrigation, is at the sole risk of the user. Refuge complaints about xylene contaminated water reaching the refuge, probably initiated the correspondence.
27 G. WILDLIFE
1. Wildlife Diversity
Several ponds were in various stages of drawdowns. These areas were used extensively by migrating shorebirds and waterfowl, as well as duck broods. The Pond 1 area was utilized by our sandhill crane pair on a regular 'basis throughout the summer.
Warden Hoy saw a prairie rattler, 21 October, on Wildfowl Lane about 100 yards north of the picnic area Kiosk. It was about two feet long, and the first recorded sighting for the refuge. However, the Reptile Rehabilitation Center, Missoula felt that the animal was probably just dumped off. They instructed us to find it, bag it, and bring it to the Center. We never did see it again.
2. Endangered and Threatened Species
BALD EAGLES: The refuge is primarily used by Bald Eagles during migrations and throughout the winter. Usually the first fall observations are in September and the majority of birds depart in mid-March. In the past, over-winter use depended on the availability of open water. No nesting has been observed on the refuge; however, over-wintering pairs do roost in close association with several osprey nests, and are often observed adding and arranging nest material.
A peak number of 10 occurred on the refuge in February, which is similar to last years peak. The following is a five year summary:
PEAK EAGLE POPULATIONS - LAST FIVE YEARS
Year Month Number
1989 Feb. 10 1988 Jan. 13 1987 Feb. 31 1986 Jan. 34 1985 Jan. 28
During the aerial mid-winter waterfowl survey on 6 January, from Missoula to Grantsdale, only 11 bald eagles and one golden were tallied. Thirty-five bald and six golden were tallied on the 1988 aerial survey. This decrease in bald eagles may be due to the recent failures of the salmon run in Apgar, located about 150 miles north of the Bitterroot Valley. In the past, large numbers of eagles concentrated during the fall spawning. Apparently, birds have found alternate areas to feed east of the rockies.
A rehabilitated immature bald eagle was released 15 February. The first fall bird was observed on 15 September. During the remainder of the year the population ranged from one to six,
PEREGRINE FALCON: During the past eight years the Peregrine
28 Falcon has been observed periodically especially in spring. Sightings were not as frequent this year as last.
PEREGRINE SIGHTINGS — LAST FIVE YEARS
Year Month Number of Birds
1989 Feb. 1 Apr. 4 Sep. 1 1988 Apr. 27 May 5 Sep.l & 29 Nov. 7 (two weeks) Dec. 16 1987 Feb. to mid-Mar (periodically) May 1986 April 21 Dec. (two weeks) 1985 April 26
3. Waterfowl
Ducks:
The year began unusually warm with only 40% ice cover throughout the Bitterroot Valley. The aerial, mid-winter, waterfowl survey was conducted on 6 January. The area covered runs from Darby to Missoula. The following is a summary of the last three years:
VALLEY TOTALS REFUGE TOTALS Year Mallards Tot.Ducks Mallards Tot.Ducks
1989 9787 10093 2850 3088 1988 6546 6678 258 326 1987 3475 3576
Unusually cold conditions during February and the first half of March, caused 100% ice up. During this time large flocks of mallards, 800 to 1000, and geese, 1000 to 1200, were often seen in fields adjacent to the refuge. A brief thaw, 24 to 26 February, caused water to pool on the hayed, 30 acre DNC field, attracting 1500 mallards and over 500 geese. March use fluctuated from an all time low of 10 ducks on the 3rd to the years peak number of ducks, 4137, on the 23rd. Last year's peak was 2950 in November. Normally, peaks ranging from 8,000 to 27,000 occur in late November through January.
A few spring migrants arrived in late February, but the majority arrived two to three weeks later than last year. Pair counts were not conducted this year. The first brood, 14 hooded mergansers, was observed on 11 May, and the last was a mallard brood on 16 August.
29 No formal brood census was conducted this year. During the weekly waterfowl counts broods were noted. The following is a summary:
Species # Broods Avg.Brood Size
Mallard 25 Wood duck 10 Teal ' 8 H.Merganser 11 Redhead 13 6.4 Ruddy 8 5 Ring-necked 5 4 Bufflehead 4 5.5
Shoveler, gadwall, widgeon, goldeneye, canvasback, and common merganser broods were also observed. These numbers are by no means scientific, nor were the standard methods of previous years used. However, we felt we were somewhat covered by the nest success study that was initiated;( see Sec.D-5.
Volunteer Earl Mansfield has maintained our wood duck nest boxes over the past three years. Prior to his arrival, these boxes had not been maintained or checked for years. The following is a summary of nest box use:
Wood Duck Nest Box Results
# USE EGGS Year Boxes WD : HM :Other:No Atmpt WD /(Elatched ): HM /(Hatched)
1989 43 20 7 12 209/(184) 55/(34) 1988 36 12 12 6 56/(46) 28/(24)
WD = wood duck HM = hooded merganser
A pre-season, Bitterroot Valley, aerial flight was conducted on 28 September. A total of 4405 ducks and 2262 geese were censused, compared to 1036 and 2000, respectively, at the same time last year. Of that total, 1285 ducks and 527 geese were on the refuge. Duck numbers increased to 2000 in November, but again, no major fall f1ights.
A Eurasian widgeon was seen during the first part of December, usually a few of these birds are seen each spring.
Swans;
Two tundra swans remained on station in January. The spring migration began 16 March and peaked on 24 March at 427. An average of 60 remained on station through April, then were not seen again until 27 October, when 20 returned. The fall peak, 250, occurred on 28 October. The average population for November through mid December was 40. At years end two remained.
30 Geese:
Normally, very few snow geese use the refuge or the Bitterroot Valley. This year snow geese peaked at 46 on 27 April. None stopped over during fall migration. Large numbers of these geese were observed in the falls of 1983, '84 and '86 and are directly tied to weather conditions.
Seven Ross's geese arrived 8 April and remained through the first week in May.
This winter and fall Canada goose use on the refuge dropped significantly with an average population of 100 to 200, compared to a norm of 300 to 400. More geese were in the valley, however. Decreased refuge use may be tied to the fact that there was very little grain available. A weekend thaw in late February, which caused water to flood a hayed DNC field, attracted 500+ birds for a few days. Valley wide, 1284 were censused on 6 January, compared to 777 last year.
Geese were first observed setting up in osprey nests on 23 February, two weeks later than last year. Cold weather in early March discouraged serious nesting attempts. By 9 March, the tree nesting geese were settled in.
Canada Goose Populations and Production - Lee Metcalf NWR
Year Peak Month Production
1989 527 Sep 244 1988 1210 Dec 205 1987 1400 Nov 227 1986 1800 Nov 191 1985 • * 162 1984 1000 Dec 226 1983 1000 Dec 300 1982 1050 Dec 280 1981 950 Dec 250 1980 1000 Dec 175 1979 550 Nov 180 1978 910 Dec 170 1977 465 Oct 175 1976 550 Dec 125 1975 800 Dec 130 1974 * * 150 1973 500 Nov 100 1972 700 Dec 100 1971 340 A 53 1970 * * 25
* no data
Gosling production was up compared to last year. The first brood was observed on 27 April, 13 days later than last year. On 11 May,
31 238 goslings were counted from 44 broods. Two late broods were seen on 3 and 15 June. Brood size on the north end increased from 3 last year to 6. This area was closed to all school groups this year. Over 500 students (16 groups) utilized the area for 2 to 4 hour periods last year.
4. Marsh and Waterbirds
The refuge provides limited habitat for this group of birds. Species found in relatively small numbers are double-crested cormorants, pied bill grebes, great blue herons, and bitterns. All nest on the refuge; although this was the first year nesting cormorants were recorded. Red-necked, eared, and horned grebes are usually seen during spring migration.
Cormorant numbers and use again increased this year. The first arrived 9 May, a month later than last year, and remained through November. Three nests on Pond 8, and two on Pond 10, were first observed by volunteer Mellgren in mid-June. High winds in August destroyed three of the nests. The average population was 30 from mid-June to the end of September. Birds concentrated primarily in Pools 8,10, and to a lesser extent on 6 and 12.
Great blue herons remain in the valley year round. The peak number, 78, occurred in April. Herons have never nested in large numbers on the refuge. In the past, they selected exposed sights, where winds usually blow their nests down. On 30 December, a new rookery with 11 nests in four trees was located on the west side of Pond 10. This site is much more protected than previous spots.
Bitterns returned 9 May. Western grebe sightings are becoming more regular. Eight were seen 12 October, and two remained until months end on Pond 5.
A great egret again returned to Pond 13 on 1-14 June, also a month' later than last year. This is the fourth sighting for the refuge and the 20th or 21st for the state. A snowy egret was spotted on Pond 3, 14 June. An immature cattle egret was spotted 25 October in a pasture five miles south of the refuge. According to the rancher, it had arrived the week before. It was last seen 16 November.
The first sandhill cranes, three, arrived 10 april; peaked at eight, with four on station at month's end. The nesting pair of sandhill cranes returned for their sixth year; no chicks were observed. Cranes seemed to utilize the surrounding area more this year. We had several calls from neighbors inquiring about these birds. On 21 July, five were seen on the refuge and several were observed throughout August and September, and peaked at nine on 21 September.
5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species
Among the shorebirds, killdeer, common snipe, and Wilson's phalarope are the most common species in this category, whereas, whimbrel, sanderling, and stilt sandpiper are the most uncommon. Shorebirds
32 utilized Ponds 1, 3f 4, 5, 6 and especially 11. All of these pools, except 5 and 6, were in drawdown at various times; mudflats were available the entire year. This year we did not have the staff, or volunteer expertise, available to devote to this category as we did the previous two years.
The first avocets arrived on 11 April and peaked at 64 on the 17th. Three to six were seen periodically throughout most of May, several on 15 July, and on 2 June peaked again with 61 on Pond 3.
Yellowlegs were first seen on 11 April and long-billed curlews on the 13th. Long-billed dowitchers, 40, arrived in mid-May and seemed to prefer Ponds 3 and 11. Black-bellied and semipalmated plovers also arrived at this time. Four black-necked stilts were seen 7 June on Pond 3. On 7 July four western sandpipers, three marbled godwits, six lesser yellowlegs and one long-billed dowitcher were observed.
Wilson's phalaropes were conspicuous by their absence, only a few were observed on Pond 6 this spring, and ten on 1 August. Killdeer also seemed to be down, although no formal census are taken. Twenty killdeer were observed 30 October on Potato Cellar, 11 and C.
In August, western (7), semipalmated (3), and least (2) sandpipers , lesser yellowlegs (2), and long-billed dowitchers were observed the first of the month. At months end 125 snipe, 40 long-billed dowitchers, and 200 to 300 sandpipers arrived and remained through mid-September.
Ring-billed gulls are most commonly seen during spring migration and rarely exceed 50 total; however, 16 were observed on 8 February. During the first two week in May, Forester's terns (2 to 4) were observed, while common terns (2 to 6) were seen during the last two weeks. Eight black terns spent the last two days of the month on ' station. Throughout June, common (6), Caspian (3), and Black (2) / terns were seen.
6. Raptors
The Metcalf refuge provides excellent habitat for many species of raptors. Red-tail, rough-legged. Harrier, Cooper's, kestrel, sharp- shinned, and goshawk are the common hawks. Prairie falcons are seen periodically. The great-horned owl is the most common and easily seen of all the owls; however pygmy, long-eared, and short-eared owls frequent the refuge also.
OWLS: Four short-eared owls were observed throughout January in the waterfowl hunting area and south of the barn. Two to five were observed during the last two weeks in December.
Great Horned Owl Roosting Sites & Pellet Analysis: Denver Holt, Owl Research Institute, Inc. began collecting great-horned owl pellets and identifying roost sites when he worked on station in 1987. Pellets were collected from five roost sites in February
33 and March, 1987. He completed analysis this year, and a total of 153 prey items were identified as follows:
74 Microtus montanas 76 " pennsyIvanicus 1 weasel 1 muskrat 1 * unknown
OSPREY: The most common and easily observed raptor is the osprey. The abundant fish population and relative seclusion for nesting sites provide ideal conditions for this species.
Osprey return almost religiously on or around 1 April. This year an aerial survey on 27 July yielded 15 active nests on the refuge and one just outside, 7 less than last year. We experienced a cold, wet and very windy spring; which resulted in nest abandonement or destruction. In July we also had several days of high winds with severe thunderstorms. A young osprey was found dead on the shop lawn after wind had blown the nest from an artficial structure 25 July.
OSPREY PRODUCTION - LEE METCALF NWR
Active Fledged Year Nest Young
89 15 29 88 22 40 87 19 28 86 13 23 85 15 21 84 12 21 83 11 18 82 8 13 81 11 16 80 7 12 79 5 13 78 5 10 77 5 11 76 5 12 75 5 8 74 4 11 71 1 3 70 1 2
64-69 one nest n. of the refu<
The majority of osprey leave by raid-September; only three remained on 21 September.
OTHER: Prairie falcons were recorded 1 January, 25 February, 1 September, and 30 December. A Harlan's phase of the redtail was observed 19 November. This fall rough-legged hawks were very
34 abundant. Compared to last year, golden eagle sightings were down. One to two were observed throughout May, with only one or two observations in early winter.
8. Game Mammals
The white-tailed deer is the only game mammal hunted on the refuge. Since the refuge's inception, whitetail numbers have steadily increased, a trend which is occurring throughout the Bitterroot River bottoms. Mild winters, an excellent food source, high reproduction, and low harvest (archery hunting only) have provided ideal conditions for herd expansion.
The following table lists census results. Censusing begins at dusk and a spotlight is used after dark. A 13-mile route is covered, and deer moving on ^nd off the refuge are counted. Counts are conducted after the close of archery season. This year five census nights were completed from 15 January to 28 February. (' WINTER DEER COUNTS - LEE METCALF NWR
Peak # Year Censused
89 377 88 335 87 329 86 297 85 281 84 262 83 221 82 250 81 250 80 215 79 225 78 130 77 No Data 76 112 75 90 74- 75 73 No Data 64 10
Total habitat available to deer on the refuge is 2100 acres. Peak number of deer censused in February 1989 was 377; yielding 1 deer for every 5.6 acres. Woody vegetation has been impacted. Dr. Bill Seitz, Regional Assistant Wildlife Biologist, indicated that a population level of 1 deer/50 acres would allow for recovery of vegetation on the refuge. Deer do well because of surrounding agricultural lands. Most of the herd migrates off the refuge at night to feed. Deer harvested appear to be in excellent condition.
Prior to last year, twinning among does was common, and sightings of triplets frequent. It appeared as if fawn production, or survival.
35 decreased in 1988 and again in 1989. The first fawn was observed on 7 June.
Last year, the Montana Department of Fishf Wildlife and Parks began to census the valley deer population. During the past two years a helicopter survey has been run during the third week in December. Two areas are censusedf the refuge and private land south of the refuge. The following is a summary:
AERIAL DEER SURVEY - REFUGE RESULTS
Total Does Fawns Fawn:Doe Bucks Buck:Doe 1988 376 188 151 80:100 37 20:100 1989 318 197 96 48:100 25 13:100
AERIAL DEER SURVEY - PRIVATE LAND
1988 140 96 31 32:100 15 16:100 1989 159 116 37 32:100 13 11:100
AGE STRUCTURE of REFUGE BUCKS
Yearling 2.5 3.5 Large Total 1988 27 9 0 1 37 1989 8 3 8 6 25
Data indicate a substantial decrease in fawn:doe ratios and yearling bucks on the refuge from last year.
Three factors contribute to deer mortalities - hunters, automobiles, and coyotes. This.year 50 deer were taken by refuge hunters, see Sec. H-8. /
Other: On 26 June a cow moose spent several days behind the barn. A cow and calf moved in for the entire months of September and October, ranging between Wildfowl Lane and the north boundary. This is the third year a cow and calf have utilized the refuge. On 9 October, the cow thrilled several waterfowl hunters, by swimming across Pond 6 and running past blinds 3 and 5. When her calf did not follow, she headed back to the shop at a steady run. As she headed for the parking lot several folks took cover in their vehicles. Next, she headed for the fence and newly assembled wheel- line, causing the refuge manager to suffer a severe anxiety attact. The moose, however, cleared both obstacles neatly.
10. Other Resident Wildlife
Birds:
The Christmas Bird Count was held 30 December. A total of 48 species and 1721+ individuals were tallied. Last year 43 species and
36 909 individuals were censused. This year more acres were covered foot and participation was up.
1989 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT
Species # Species i American Coot 3 Tundra Swan 2 KilIdeer 2 Canada Goose 200 Belted Kingfisher 7 Snow Goose 1 Pileated Woodpecker 4 Green-winged Teal 71 Downy Woodpecker 3 Northern Pintail 30 Hairy Woodpecker 5 Ma1lard 335 Northern Flicker 5 Bufflehead 1 Common Raven 30 Ring-necked Duck 19 B.-billed Magpie 113 Barrow's Goldeneye 1 Crow 1 Common GoldeneyeI 12 American Goldfinch 43 Hooded Merganser 4 B.-cap Chickadee 117 Common Merganser 5 Mountain chickadee 1 R.Necked Pheasant 250 R.-breasted Nuthatch 25 Great-Horned Owl 4 W.-breasted Nuthatch 9 Short-eared Owl 2 Pygmy Nuthatch 17 Bald Eagle 4 Am. Tree Sparrow 38 Northern Harrier 4 Song Sparrow 26 Cooper's Hawk 2 Marsh Wren 1 N. Goshawk 1 R.-winged Blackbird 34 Red-Tailed Hawk 7 Western Meadowlark 5 Rough-Legged Hawk 5 Brewer's Blackbird 2 Prairie Falcon 1 Red Crossbill 10 Northern Shrike 4 Common Redpoll 255
Ring-necked pheasant are abundant. It is not uncommon to see 100+ a a time in the fall and winter. Mild winters over the past four / years and excellent habitat have contributed to the success of this bird. Pheasant hunting is not open on the refuge; however, refuge volunteers and the Ravalli County Fish & Wildlife Association trapped and transplanted birds to other valley locations, see Sec. G-16. This year nearly 200 birds were trapped and removed from the refuge during the first two months. Even so, we seemed to have more pheasants than ever; brood success was high. In September, after the winter wheat was planted, 100 to 200 pheasants were observed scratching in the fields. One day they were so busy they caused the dust to rise. Birds heavily utilized the 23 acre DNC field and the golf-course burn field in the fall and winter. They appeared to be feeding on black medic and delar burnet.
Mammals:
Coyotes are seen frequently and are an essential component as they provide some control over our white-tailed deer population. Four coyote pups from the waterfowl hunting area den were seen 13 April.
37 A red fox was observed in the picnic area 17 January. In the past, fox were a common sight; this was the first observation by refuge staff in five years. Fox were again observed near this area in spring,
Racoon were seen more frequently this year, and there were some complaints from neighbors with poultry.
River otter sightings were regular throughout most of the summer and into late fall. Family units ranging in size from four to six, were observed from Pond 6 to 13.
Yellow-bellied marmot are common on the refuge and usually make their first appearance in mid-March.
11. Fishery Resources
Ron Skates, Fisheries Assistance, Kalispell, MT, completed his third field season collecting data to assess the fishery resource. A "draft" Fishery Management Plan was submitted in April. This has not been signed off, because there was some question as to how, or if, we would open the refuge to public fishing on interior ponds. After the "Kids Fishing Clinic" was held on 15 July, see Sec. H.9, it was decided that, for now, the clinic was adequate.
Last year, in June, 700 largemouth bass were tagged. On 13 April, Fisheries Assistance spent 7 hours fishing, 100 bass were caught, of which only three had tags. Lengths and weights of those three fish did not change appreciably from last year when they were tagged. This year another 165 bass were tagged on 5 June. During the fishing clinic three more tagged bass were caught out of a total of 300 fish.
On 9 May, 105 largemouth bass were transplanted by Fisheries Assistance to the Northern Cheyenne Reservation for brood stock. Fish appeared skinny as compared to last year, nearly all were infested with yellow grub, and about a third were spent. On 15 July, about 300 bass were transplanted to Upsata Lake north of Missoula. This is the third time the state has used the refuge for a brood source for this lake. This type of use is encouraged and supported in the Fisheries Management Plan.
14. Scientific Collections
The Fish, Wildlife and Enhancement division collected data for several contaminant studies. This spring, Henry collected 12 rock doves, 12 red-winged blackbirds, and 12 swallows for the peregrine/prey contaminant study. Aquatic invertebrates were also collected by FWE for contaminant assessment from several ponds.
In August, Ray Murray, University of Montana, collected three painted turtles for an isotope study initiated last year by the University of Southern California.
38 15. Animal Control
A total of 21 beaver were removed from the refuge. Beaver were exceptionally bothersome in the picnic area and around the residence. Eight were kill trapped by special permit in January. Another seven were live trapped as part of the Beaver Ecology Project described in Sec. D.5. Two were radioed and used in the study, the other five were transplanted to the Bitterroot National Forest. Six more beaver were kill trapped in the fall.
16. Marking and Banding
This year 191 pheasants were banded, and all but 42 were released on private lands in the valley. At the request of the Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 26 birds were sent to Idaho Fish and Game. Another 16 birds went to a Pheasants Forever Chapter in Kalispell for release. This is a cooperative effort between the refuge and the Ravalli County Fish & Wildlife Association. Refuge volunteers capture and band the birds and the Association provides bands, transportation, and release to private land owners promoting good habitat. Weather conditions were much more conducive to trapping than last year. Volunteers put in the same number of hours as last year, 118, but caught 126 more birds. Private land owners reported good survival of birds released.
There were very few trap mortalities. A great horned owl was found in the cage one morning, and mink killed two birds. Another two birds were lost to fighting.
H. PUBLIC USE
1. General
The Metcalf Refuge receives a tremendous amount of public use for its size. Wildfowl Lane, a county road traversing the south-central portion of the refuge, is the primary means of access to the refuge.
Public use and interest in the refuge has increased dramatically over the past ten years. The refuge is in close proximity to the college town of Missoula, and the area surrounding Stevensville is considered a bedroom community of Missoula. Since the mid '603, the populations of both Ravalli and Missoula Counties have increased substantially. The public is outdoor-recreation oriented and placing increasing demands on outdoor resources.
We know use of the county road has increased for wildlife observation and recreation purposes, but it has not been well documented. This year we began to try to obtain some data. The county installed two traffic counters, 10 - 16 April, one on the north entrance to Wildfowl Lane and another on the south end. Total number of vehicles was 1440 for the north end and 992 for the south; averaging 206 cars per day and 142, respectively.
39 Volunteer Earl Mansfield began his "Tailgate" Open House sessions on 16 April. He would set up shop at the south end KIOSK on a weekend, at mid-day, for three to four hours. He worked five weekends, ending on 2 July. Earl tried to keep track of the total number of cars, and people per car, but some days he was so swamped with visitors wanting to talk, that he was unable to keep acurate records. On 30 April, 116 vehicles drove through in a three hour period. Earl contacted as few as 40 families in an afternoon to 182; all stops were voluntary. Frequently, as many as 20 vehicles would be pulled over at one time. People wanted to talk, ask questions, offer suggestions, and a large majority complimented us on the many changes - trails, interpretive signs, open house, and leaflets.
Most visitors were from Missoula (nearly 50% on one afternoon); however, many states, including Alaska, were represented and several countries. New Zealand, England, Japan, Canada, and Germany. The number of people per vehicle averaged slightly above three.
2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students
In 1989, a total of 1,895 students (59 groups) visited the refuge. Of these, 1,361 students (39 groups) were elementary (K-6) and 534 students (20 groups) were high school/junior high. Fifty four of the 59 groups that visited the refuge in 1989 took part in education-related activities. This represents 91% of the total groups compared to 67% in 1988. In general, the total number of students visiting the refuge in 1989 increased slightly, whereas the total number of groups was up by 17%, indicating a tendency for teachers to bring smaller groups on these outings. The total number of elementary groups visiting the refuge increased 15%, while high school/junior high group visitation dropped by 20%. The decline in high school/junior high group visits may be due to the closure of the north end of the refuge where these groups were accustomed to carrying out bird watching tours and activities. Our teacher workshops seemed to have encouraged much greater use of our nature1' trails among elementary teachers.
3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers
In 1989, meetings were held at five area schools to acquaint teachers with up-dated education materials and programs available through the refuge. The meetings gave us an opportunity to hear teacher reaction to our existing program and assess future environmental education needs in materials, programs and services. Written materials describing the refuge education program, resource library and teacher workshops were sent to six additional schools.
In May, 80 teachers attended our second annual spring teacher's workshop, "Seeing Nature Anew II: River Rhapsody". Fourteen instructors led teachers through a series of activities that focused on the riparian ecology of the riverbottom woodland that encompasses the two new nature trails. We also offered a mini winter teacher workshop, 18 February, without college credit. Fifteen participants
40 spent the day sharpening their observation skills and gaining a better understanding of winter ecology. Games, hot drinks, a hot fire and stimulating discussions helped keep participants warm and enthusiastic. Through these workshops our efforts to encourage teachers to use the refuge independantly of refuge staff, to visit the refuge during all seasons, and to get those kids off the bus and involved are paying off. Many more teachers this year felt comfortable doing activities on their own and we're seeing more teachers trying to plan field trips throughout the winter months.
A package of education materials for National Wildlife Week, "Predators - Their Part of the Picture", was compiled and distributed to 14 area schools. This package included materials and activity ideas on Birds of Prey.
The pre-registration fee of $12.00 collected from teachers at the workshops are designated to cover costs of instruction, materials, equipment, transportation and refreshments. Any excess funds are ear-marked for educational materials and equipment. The Bitterrot Audubon Chapter, which manages these funds, purchased specific educational materials for our teachers' resource library. We also cooperated with the Bitterrot Audubon and helped them purchase a new series of bird identification videos that are available to the public through the Hamilton Public Library. Seven new subjects have been added to our environmental educaton resource library. The library is now comprized of 30 folders covering 15 different topics. To date, teachers have shown little interest in the library, so we plan to make it more readily attainable to them in the future.
Beth Underwood, Education Technician, has not only turned the Education Program around, she has basically created it. Her contributions have been enormous. In addition, local naturalists, teachers, artists, trappers, taxidermists, and Audubon members with an interest in wildlife and public lands have donated materials or - time to support the education/interpretation program at the refuge/ There have been so many positive changes in such a short time.
41 Spring Teacher Workshoi
Kathy Hatch, Project Teachers sample insects and learn facilitator, shows teachers about stream ecology. how kids can have fun while learning ecologicaK concepts.
Seeing and touching wildlife is always a special treat...Judy Hoy, wildlife rehabilitator, talks to teachers about bird character istics and behavior with real Rick Brown, BA volunteer and live birds. tour guide, always tried to incorporate hands-on activi ties such as dissecting owl pellets or sampling aquatic insects.
Colleen Powell, BA volunteer, provides wonderful home-made food and beverages for teachers to keep them warm and their spirits up during sometimes long, cool and wet days of instruction.
42 4• Interpretive Foot Trails
Last year two interpretative nature trails were constructed along the riverbottom woodland in the picnic area. These trails are open to the general public year-round, but also draw teachers to specific areas for field studies - sites where they can use the information and skills acquired from the workshops. Interpretive natural history signs have' been placed along the trail; others are planned. Unfortunately, these signs, are not holding up well; pealing is a major problem.
This year the YCC completed signing and trail work for a new seasonal, interpretive hiking trail, located in the waterfowl hunting area. This trail, which opened on 15 July and encircles an area of mudflats, ponds, and uplands offers blinds for wildlife observation and photography. Although this trail has received light use, the folks using it appreciate the isolation from vehicle traffic and dust along the county road.
Informational signs about our hiking trails were developed and designed to fit into our KIOSKS and frames at trail access points. They arrived in time for our new trail opening.
5. Interpretive Tour Routes
Self-guided tours are becoming increasingly popular among elementary teachers. A total of 856 students (24 groups) opted for self-guided tours. Of these, 468 (17 groups) were junior high or high school and 388 students (10 groups) were elementary. While the number of junior high and high school groups taking self-guided tours remained the same as in 1988, the number of elementary groups tripled! We consider this a good indication that our EE program is accomplishing its goals of encouraging independant study among school groups.
Other self-guided tours included;
* Two University of Montana Ornithology Classes (30 students) * Saddle Tramps Annual Ride (18) * Montana Power Company Senior Citizens (12) * Missoula Hikers Club (13) * Five Valleys Audubon (15) * Bitterroot Audubon (18)
As a result of our teacher training program more teachers chose to do activities along the nature trails this spring in place of, or in combination with, a guided bus tour. Volunteer Brown and Underwood spent a great deal of time working with teachers and leading groups through discussions and nature-related activites. Twenty six guided tours were given to 859 students: 789 (23 groups) were elementary, and 70 (3 groups) were junior high or high school. This represents an increase among guided tours for elementary groups, but almost all of these groups combined a tour with nature trail activies. Guided tours were also given to a University of Montana Wildlife Management class (10) and to 50 YEPs (Youth
43 Employment Program) for their "Career Day" program in cooperation with the Forest Service and Office of Human Services. Several of the YEPs had worked on the refuge.
6. Interpretive Exhibits/Demonstrations
The refuge display of study skins, skulls, photos and mounts was set up in the new SteVensville Museum. The centennial year brought thousands of visitors to the museum, and the refuge display was one of the three main attractions according to museum curators. Three school groups also visited the museum display in preparation for field trips to the refuge. This set-up worked well this past year, because the "White Barn" on the refuge has not proven a satisfactory residence for our skull and skin collection as it is not yet mouse, moth or fly proof. We still hope to tighten up the barn or, in some way, move the exhibit, along with other educational materials, audio/visual equipment and field equipment to a more suitable site on the refuge. We have many nice mounts that we could display if we had additonal room and they would be more accessible to school groups.
6/89 MMA Beth Underwood arranged the refuge display housed at the new Stevensville Museum. The museum was set up for the Centennial Year celebrations, and is located on Main Street.
44 Four new interpretive signs were developed, "The Perfect Host", "Riparian Habitat", "Spotted Knapweed Plant and It's Natural Enemies", and "Working With Mother Nature". All of the signs arrived except the last one. These signs contain information on waterfowl food, riverbottom habitat, biological control of knapweed, and water level management. We were pleased with the artwork and layout which was designed under the guidance of Kent Olson, RO. The Sign Center, Winona, MN did an excellant job in fabrication. None of this came cheaply, but you get what you pay for and these signs were worth the cost. They will be installed next year, and that's when you'll see a picture of them. Two duck nesting calendar signs arrived in time for spring use in the KIOSKS,
The USFWS "Duck Stamp Story", "Montana Wildlife Refuges", and the "North American Waterfowl Management Plan" displays were set up in the Kohl Business Building in Stevensville, the Hamilton Post Office and at the Stevensville Community Center during the waterfowl blind drawing. The public response to the displays was very enthusiastic. We also used the "Montana Wildlife Refuges" display, along with panels from our kiosks and the "Kids' Corner", to set up a refuge exhibit at the Ravalli County Fair.
Volunteer Melgren completed his "Eco-Display", a hands-on project for school children that examines how cultural influences can affect natural ecosystems. See Sec.E.4 for a photo.
Films, slide shows, or talks were presented to 24 groups:
January: Darby Women's Club, 4-H Club February: Hamilton Good Samaritans March: Faith Lutheran Church, Bitterroot Audubon, Victor Elementary School, Stevensville Kindergarten April: Hamilton 4-H May: Golden Age Senior Citizens; eight school groups requested films or slide programs that they presented to students on their own. November: Stevensville First Grades, Stevesville Fifth Grade, Masonic Lodge; three school groups presented films to students on their own; Henry presented a gun safety demonstration to 97 local cub/tiger scouts and their families.
7, Other Interpretive Programs
Three historical signs are located along Wildfowl Lane. The signs discuss "Salish Indian Ceremonial Grounds", the "Francois Slough Sweathouses", and the "Hanging of Whiskey Bill" - events that took place during the early 1800's. The plaque dedicating the refuge to Senator Lee Metcalf is also on this road.
45 This year we tried a variety of new approaches to educate the public, and we tried to improve on some old projects. The following is a summary.
HUNTER EDUCATION: Last year we offered several bow hunter safety classes for area youth in late summer and early fall, just prior to the bow season. The classes were very successful. However, instructors requested that classes be offered in the spring so the kids would have more time for pre-season scouting and to practice with their weapons prior to the season. Consequently, we offered a class in April, but only 3 youth participated!
On 16 September, the refuge hosted a Junior Waterfowl Clinic. Local newspapers, radio stations, businesses and schools helped disseminate information about the clinic. Even so, only 15 people attended. Participants enjoyed the day and felt the program offered a great deal of useful information. We were able to provide expert instruction on waterfowl identificaiton, taxidermy preparation and care, field dog training, duck calling, decoy setting, use of blinds, water safety and shooting steel shot - we provided the shot. Our instructors came from the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, FWS, University of Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Custom Birdworks Taxidermy and the Ravalli County Sheriff's Office. This was our second attempt at trying to educate folks to the art of waterfowl hunting, which is sorely needed in this area.
KID'S FISHING CLINIC: On 15 July two remote ponds, generally isolated from public use, were the site of the refuge's first children's fishing clinic. The event was organized by members of Big Sky Bassers, Bitterroot Bassmasters and the Montana State Bass Federation. Thirty seven kids, ages 10 to 12, were given instruction on fishing ethics, equipment, techniques, goals and missions of wildlife refuges and fish biology. Robin Wagner, Fisheries Assistance and Don Peters, Montana Department of Fish/ Wildlife and Parks provided instruction for two of these sessions. All classes were excellent.
The children then fished in groups of three, with one instructor to each group. Over 300 fish were caught in a three hour period and transplanted by state fisheries biologists to off refuge sites in the area. Each child received a gift pack of donated equipment, and prizes were awarded at the end of the day. The clinic was very successful and a lot of fun, largely because the bass fishermen did such a nice job of organizing activities, giving instruction and were very attentive to each child's needs throughout the day. The refuge has offered to make these clinics an annual event.
46 7/89 MMA FWSr MT.Dept. of Fish Wildlife & Parks, and members of local bass clubs provided youngsters with excellent instruction and supervision during our first annual fishing clinic.
Each child had ample opportunity to practice fishing techniques while pulling in several nice bass. Everyone went home with a poloroid picture of the big catch to show their parents.
47 TAILGATE-OPEN HOUSE: Volunteer Mansfield set up office on the back of a refuge pickup at the south end KIOSK. Along with refreshments, exhibits and leaflets Mansfield offered information on refuge wildlife and management and collected concerns or ideas from visitors. Often, 10 to 16 cars at a time were lined up waiting to talk. Public response to this service was extrememly positive both throughout the day and later with phone-ins. It has proven to be a great opportunity to get our message out, and receive feedback. Many favorable comments were received on our new interpretive trails, signs, and leaflets. See Sec. E-4. People were just happy to find someone on the refuge to answer questions. We sure could use an on site office and contact station.
NEWS RELEASES: Nineteen news articles were released during 1989. A regular monthly column, "On the Refuge" or "Wildlife Corner", that was initiated in 1987 continues to keep local citizens informed about refuge activities. The following topics were addressed:
* Archery Deer Hunting * Waterfowl Hunting * Teacher Workshops * Life History of Beaver * Swareflex Reflectors * Bowhunter Safety Class * Junior Waterfowl Clinic * Refuge "Open House" * Management Practices * Problems with baling twine * Volunteer Recognition * Bitterroot Audubon Contributions * Kids' Fishing Clinic * Seasonal Hiking Trail * Free Sand * Life History of Tundra Swan * Wildlife News - Update * C. Henry's 30 years in government service
Some of these articles are also published in the local Audubon Newletters. In addition, a weekly update on "what's happening on the refuge", is run every Friday by the Ravalli Republic. This was initiated by reporter, Dorinda Troutman. She thought it would be helpful to let people know, on a more regular basis, what to expect if they took a weekend drive through the refuge. We have received many compliments on this little news item.
The June issue of Fish & Wildlife Service News published an article on the refuge education program entitled, "Education Outreach" by Beth Underwood.
A radio interview was given on the Waterfowl Clinic, and a TV interview on the Teacher Workshop.
48 SLIDE PROGRAMS/LEAFLETS/POSTERS: This was the year for wildlife and wildlands traveler's brochures. Notable time was spent gathering data, materials, and discussing programs for several organizations requesting information for public information brochures. Among these were the Montana Wildife Viewing Guide (Defenders, FWS), Missoula Area Recreation Brochure (DSFS), Travel Brochure-Hamilton (PVT), Fishing Guide (FWS-SD Coop. Unit).
Sheila Morrison, an energetic volunteer, has photographed nearly 100 species and developed a slide program with text. This excellent educational/interpretive tool and her forthcoming flowering plant leaflet will be available to teachers and local civic groups.
In April, a staff meeting was held with the director and sub- director of the Region II Trapping Association. They presented an educational slide program on trapping, "harvesting and utilizing a renewable resource", and discussed possible uses of the program. The slide program(is now available to school groups; a member of the Trapping Association introduces the program and discusses the historic and ecological ramifications of trapping with students.
Refuge staff helped a Hamilton Junior High class organize an AWARENESS project which involved educating the local public to the hazards baling twine, monofilment line and six-pack plastics pose to wildlife. The students incorporated posters, leaflets, newspaper and radio releases, and video tapes in their public awareness campaign throughout the Valley. They also presented the topic to teachers at the spring workshop.
B. Twist One of several photos used by the class to demonstrate the hazards of discarded baling twine and monofilament to wildlife.
A9 8. Hunting
We received our new hunter leaflet, a welcome addition for both hunters and refuge staff, which cleared up many questions on boundaries and regulations.
Waterfowl:
About 655 acres are open to waterfowl hunting for the entire season. All hunting in this area must be done from designated blinds; 22 blinds were available. Another 80 acres is open to jump shooting November 1 to close of season. Hunter selection is on a first come - first serve basis with the exception of opening weekend for duck season when a drawing is held.
WATERFOWL HUNTER USE AND SUCCESS - LEE METCALF NWR
# ACTIVITY # 1BAGGED # YEAR HUNTERS HOURS SHOTS DUCKS GEESE CRIPPLES 1989 1,293 3,771 4,283 467 48 108 1988 1,068 2,128 6,348 362 72 (2) 122 1987 1,588 2,930 5,718 618 59 -1- 156 1986 2,234 7,549 9,068 1,238 60 (1) 333 1985 2,108 6,654 6,888 971 85 (1) 191 1984 3,006 9,649 13,904 1,608 100 1983 2,332 8,301 13,402 1,817 119 1982 1,843 6,233 8,298 1,317 152 1981 1,620 6,298 9,436 1,696 125 1980 2,670 9,726 12,373 1,744 63 1979 3,180 9,572 12,356 1,819 34 1978 2,909 8,657 13,488 2,000 66 (2) ) 1977 3,128 10,760 15,643 1,903 42 (2) 1976 3,175 11,782 18,749 2,114 55 (1) 1975 4,302 11,872 30,360 4,108 88 (1) ' 1974 3,393 8,826 13,903 2,210 54 (2) / 1973 2,992 8,460 * 2,207 24 (10) 1972 2,999 7,730 * 2,638 55 (20) 1971 2,650 7,980 * 1,655 12 1970 1,810 4,890 * 2,010 15 1969 1,370 4,110 * 1,150 6 1968 1,945 3,330 * 3,350 A 1967 2,130 4,160 A 3,650 A 1966 1,015 1,950 A 1,535 A 1965 290 940 A 342 A
( ) snow geese - - white-fronted * no data
During the last two years the goose season has opened prior to the duck season. The goose season opened 30 September and closed 31 December. There was a split season for ducks, 7 Oct.- 25 Nov./23 - 31 Dec. Only 38 hunters registered for the drawing compared to 48 last year and 128 in 1987.
50 Both seasons got off to a slow start, although there were twice as many ducks and geese in the valley compared to last year. Hunter visits increased by 21%, activity hours by 77%, and duck harvest by 29%. The number of shots fired decreased by 31% and the number of cripples by 11% compared to last year. Our theory is that because of poor conditions over the past several years we lost many of the fly- by-night hunters, and were left with more of the hard corp, dedicated duck hunters.
The goose harvest on the refuge decreased by 33% compared to last year. No grain crop was available on the refuge this year, and alfalfa fields in the waterfowl hunting area were in poor condition. Also, one family of avid and successful goose hunters only paid one visit this year. Usually, they harvest 10+ a year.
11/89 MMA This student hunted frequently throughout November. He was usually successful and often provided information on violations.
Hunter Access sites were improved with the installation of a single waterfowl hunter information sign. This sign replaced
51 many white signs, placed in various locations. Visually, the area was improved as well as information dissemination.
10/87 Before... MMA
10/89 ..After MMA
52 Deer/Archery:
The refuge lies in State Hunting Area 260 - Deer Archery Only. There is a four and a half month season beginning on Labor Day. This year the season opened 2 September 1989 and closed 15 January 1990. Archers are permitted one buck and five doe tags in this area.
The total number of deer harvested by bow hunters was 38; of which 31 were does. Hunter visits increased by about 20%, activity hours remained about the same, and harvest decreased by 24%. Decrease in harvest may be due to several reasons. The entire north end, 900+ acres, was closed to archery hunters during the 10 day gun hunt. Also, construction of the Ducks Unlimited project was ongoing throughout most of the season in the area north of the railroad tracks. Work would come to a halt on weekends, but the sight of heavy equipment may have discouraged some. According to State officials from the Darby check station, which is operated during the general gun season, they also noted an increase in hunters but decrease in success. Warm weather conditions were cited as the cause.
DEER HUNTER USE AND SUCCESS - LEE METCALF NWR
ACTIVITY ARROWS # # YEAR HUNTERS HOURS RELEASED KILLED WOUNDED 1989 1,551 2,956 192 38 (31) 40 1988 1,297 3,143 315 50 (31) 68 1987 1,954 5,275 411 103 (75) 58 1986 567 1,858 185 36 (28) 33 1985 588 1,533 135 31 (20) 10 1984 585 2,692 20 1983 538 1,386 28 1982 659 1,754 33 1981 1,001 2,797 68 1980 641 1,707 13 1979 736 2,579 19 1978 357 936 7 1977 414 1,170 9 1976 274 1,029 7 1975 301 810 6 1974 270 628 5 1973 210 635 4
( ) Does taken
An additional 3 deer were harvested along our boundary, compared to 33 last year. Hunters claim our new alfalfa fields hold deer on the refuge, and they may be right.
53 Deer/Gun:
This was the second year the refuge had a gun hunt, shotgun slug or black powder, for deer. Details of the hunt were closely coordinated with the Montana Department of Fish Wildl ife & Parks. Last year the hunt was held during the state's genera1 gun season; however, hunter turnout was poor with only 7 deer harvested. Thife year two five day hunts were held pr ior to the general gun season on 12-16 and 17-21 October, anothe r 200 acres were opened, and 20 hunters selected for each hunt, Each hunter could buy five doe tags, which refuge staff sold for the state, Twelve antlerless deer were taken. The following is a summary:
# # Shots Visits Hrs Fired Wounded Harvested
1st hunt 60 215 33 11 10 2nd hunt 83 240 27 7 2
Most of the deer in the first hunt were taken by three hunters.
9. Fishing
The area open to fishing consists of one small oxbow and the shoreline of the Bitterroot River. Most fishing is done by grade school kids or senior citizens. This year, fishing pressure was light, primarily due to low water levels.
Interest from both the general public and the State to open refuge ponds for bass fishing still exists. This year we held our first KID'S FISHING CLINIC, see Sec. 7.
11• Wildlife Observation
During the past several years about 20,000 activity hours have been reported under this heading, the majority of which occurs from vehicles on Wildfowl Lane. The remainder occurs primarily by foot along Wildfowl Lane or in the picnic area. Horseback riding, jogging, and bicycle riding along the county road are becoming increasingly popular. Because of the increase in population locally, and the Civic Club's advertizing efforts over the past few years, we feel the 20,000 activity hours is greatly underestimated.
1^ • Picnicking
The picnic area along the Bitterroot River includes four tables, two fire rings, and an outhouse. The 140 acre area is typical of riverbottom woodland. A seasonal pond and a stream surrounding the picnic area provide visitors and school groups a place to fish, hike, play and observe nature. Beginning in raid-March, this area received regular use through spring, summer and fall, accomodating the greatest number in May when school field trips are at their peak.
34 17. Law Enforcement
The following is a summary of refuge law enforcement efforts in 1989:
Violation Apprehended Disposition Amount
General Trespass* 1 Citations 50.00 Use of Artificial 2 Citations 200.00 Lights Waterfowl: -Shoot after Hrs 10 Citations 864.00 -Invalid license 2 Citations 100.00 (No duck stamp) -Unplugged shotgun 1 Warning -Take upland game bird 1 Citations 50.00 in closed season -Attempt to take pro- 2 Citations 200.00 tected species -Not hunting within 2 Citations 100.00 10' of blind -Driving vehicle into 1 Citation 50.00 w/$30 waterfowl hunting area suspended
Deer: -Bow Hunting during 2 Citations 100.00 closed season for gun -Sp. Regs./Improper 1 Citations 50.00 Access
Driving vehicle in Warning Closed area
TOTAL 26 Citations(24) 1764.00 w/$30 suspended
This year we only experienced one break-in at the barn 12 April; the sheriff's department conducted the investigation. There was a very small time frame when this incident occurred. Henry had been at the barn around 3:00 pmf at 6:00 pm volunteer Mansfield found the doors open and a window broken. The barn is adjacent to Wildfowl Lane. The incident happened in broad daylight, at a time when there is a fair amount of traffic going through the refuge. A stolen car was abandoned on the refuge 24 July.
I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
1. New Construction
As mentioned in Sec. F.2., Ducks Unlimited agreed to solve the problem of sediments entering the northern ponds via Threemile
55 Creek. They proposed constructing a new pond, which would divert overflow water from Pond 10 into 11, 12, and 13, completely bypassing Threemile Creek.
NELCON, Inc., Missoula, MT was awarded the contract. Construction began in August and was completed the week before Christmas. The project included construction of a dike, installation of diversion structures and an inverted siphon under Threemile Creek. It was a difficult assignment. Equipment was stuck on such a regular basis, that they started calling the large tract backhoe the Retriever I Construction cost $156,000; administrative cost brought the total to about $200,000. These figures do not include seeding the dike for bank stabilization, which DU does not cover.
The impoundment dike, about 7,000 feet long with an average base width of 40 feet, was constructed in such a manner as to hold water against a portion of the existing McDonald Pond (#10) embankment and control structure. The perimeter was located to maximize the surface area within the dike and minimize the impact on the existing railroad embankment. Approximately six acres of existing wetlands were covered by this six foot high dike. About 9,000 cubic yards of material were borrowed and reshaped from on site. Total wetland acres restored are 12, and about 48 acres created. The average depth of the pond will be three feet, and the operating pool will be 3,235 feet.
8/89 Otter Pond MMA NELCON began work in August..
56 1/90 B. Twist ..and ended the week before Christmas. Dike highlighted in red.
It was a pleasure working with Ducks Unlimited. Engineering designs, turnover time for letting bids, awarding of contracts, and project completion happens in a blink of an eye compared to a government operation. ^
2. Rehabilitation
Lumber and rebar were purchased for new stoplogs for all water control structures ($925). New stoplogs were placed in Ponds 1, 3 and 4.
4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement
Vehicles: The dump truck received a new hydraulic pump, cylinder and seals, four new tires and general maint, ($827). The clutch in our other 4X4 Chev. pickup went out at 19,900 miles. Last year, the clutch in the fire truck, also a 4 X 4 Chev., went out at 1524 miles.
Operation Cleanup: Five cattle guards, two gates, and some barbed wire were transferred to the Bison Range.
57 New Equipment:
A great deal of time, money and frustration was spent on the irrigation system, purchasing equipment, assemblage and installation. The following is a summary of financial expenditures made in an effort to cover fields that had no irrigation equipment and to convert old hand-line systems to wheel:
Field Action Cost
1-3 ship 7' wheel-line from Ouray 800.00 purchase 7" wheel-lines 5600.00 1-4,5 purchase 15 hp pump 2110.00 purchase mainline 1740.65 I-l,2a convert handlines to mainline 1500.00 foundation poured for new pump 200.00 house location.
( TOTAL $11940.00
6/89 An expensive site. MMA
This line was functional 26 June after student volunteers spent 30 hours, JTPA 40, and staff days exceeded 15.
58 The new JD rotary mower arrived on 7 July. This piece of equipment cost $3,285.75 and was well worth it.
7. Energy Conservation
One cracked, fiberglass overhead door was replaced with a Thermospan 150 doors, R13 value. This was the fourth door to be replaced over a three year period at the shop; only two more to go. In addition to being more energy efficient, these doors provide greater security to the facility.
8. Other
Quarters: The porch, living room and a small interior room were painted, and the roof on one out building was shingled in May ($1809 - FY88 money).
Hagen House: Four dump trucks of garbage were removed from the yard and several out buildings. All broken windows were boarded up and property posted.
A community project was launched by the Bitterroot Valley Landowner - Sportsman Committee to decrease the number of deer/car collisions along Eastside Highway, which borders the refuge. A great deal of time was spent on collecting information on the subject. It was decided that we should try SWAREFLEX reflectors along a mile stretch of road. The reflectors are very expensive; over $2000.00 was donated by various local organizations and the Montana Wildlife Federation. Labor was supplied by the SEABEEs, refuge staff and volunteers, and the County Highway Dept supplied the metal support posts. In August half of the reflectors were in place. Unfortunately, quite a few reflectors have been stolen, and a vehicle accident wiped out another six. Whoever hit the reflectors also took out our new Highway Directional sign.
J. OTHER ITEMS
1. Cooperative Programs
This year, very active steps were taken by the Soil Conservation Service to solve the sediment loads carried from Threemile Creek into the refuge and the Bitterroot River. The Bitterroot National Forest contributed staff and money for field data analysis, and refuge staff assisted in collecting field data. See Sec. F-2. In 1988, the Five Valleys and Bitterroot Chapters of the Audubon Society jointly adopted the refuge. To date, however, the Bitterroot Chapter is, by far, the more active in cooperative ventures with the refuge involving interpretation, education, donations and data collection. Although Five Valleys boasts a very impressive membership, enthusiasm for work or fund-raising projects is disappointingly low.
59 The refuge participated in a program titled "New Ideas for More Grass - Less Weeds". This was sponsored by the Ravalli County Weed District, County Extension Office, Bitterroot Soil Conservation District and Dow Chemical. See Sec. F-5.
Anderson continued as a member of the Bitterroot Valley Landowner - Sportsman Committee until its disbandment in February. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks initiated these committees to provide a means of direct communication between landowners and recreationists and an opportunity for joint problem solving of issues at the local level.
Anderson became a board member for the Teller Wildlife Refuge, Inc. in December, This private refuge is located about 10 miles south of Metcalf Refuge. During the past three years, Anderson has provided assistance to the manager of this refuge with management plans, hunting programs, teachers workshops, shared University and Soil Conservation Service contacts so concurrent studies could be run on both places, etc. {The Teller Refuge has embraced sustainable agriculture, and is trying many new approaches. There is a constant flow of information, and both refuges will gain from the exchange.
3. Items of Interest
On 10 May, David Blair, field representative for Congressman Pat Williams and Sue Tillet, representative for Senator Max Bauchus spent two hours touring the refuge. The representative from Senator Conrad Burns office was also invited, but unable to attend. Mark Siminish called 7 August, from Senator Burns' office to discuss visitor use, and office location. Shortly after, an inquiry was sent from that office to the Fish and Wildlife Service asking why an office/visitor contact station was not located on site. Letters of inquiry were also sent to the Service from Congressman Pat Williams and Representative Fred Thomas in September. Responses were sent ' from the Regional Office, Representative Thomas met on 5 Septembef to discuss the status of the Hagen house, the meeting ended up with a tour of the refuge. There is a great deal of local support for an "on site" office.
A refuge revenue sharing check totaling $8,842.00 (71%) was delivered to the county in April.
4, Credits
Report: Underwood: E 4; H 2 - 7, 11, 14, edit Fehr: El, 5, 6; H 17, edit Anderson: remainder
60 K. FEED BACK
"Just to mention a few reports and a little paperwork"
Quarterlies: (procurementffleet management, energy) Imprest Property Inventories: (real/personnel/software) MMS - building update. Master 89 update Handicap Facility Update Flight/OAS Inventory Pesticide Use Report/Proposals Plans: Cropland Mgt. Water Mgt. Prescribed Burn/DI-1202 Safety 1989 Hunting Plan Modifications AWP (submit anywhere from once to three times) Section 7 EA, 404 and 6 other permits Shorebird Cultural Resources Inventory Annual Narrative Boy/Girl Scout Programs Aging Report Volunteer Report Copier Inventory Operational Fire Management Summary Underground Storage Tank Inventory/Rec. YCC: (enrollee - 4; Forms 4, 5) Leaflets (update): General/Bird/Hunter Leaflets: Fish, USFS, Defenders
10/89 The paper work is killing me. CJH
61