0022-3603 A Quarterly Issue JOURNAL

OF PHILIPPINE

STATISTICS

VOLUME 63 NUMBER 2 SECOND QUARTER 2012

Feature Article

Partial Result of the Random Manual Audit of the 2013 Midterm Elections

Republic of the PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

HIS EXCELLENCY PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III

PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY

LISA GRACE S. BERSALES National Statistician

PAULA MONINA G. COLLADO Interim Deputy National Statistician

ISSN 0022-3603

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PREFACE

The Journal of Philippine Statistics (JPS) is a quarterly publication of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). It furnishes data users with statistical information on the socioeconomic development of the country in accordance with the NSO’s mission of providing timely, accurate, and reliable information as bases for plans, policies and decisions, and as inputs to academic pursuits, researches, and development projects.

The statistical series contained in this publication are updated for continuity and for comparative analysis whenever possible. Tabular data usually cover two or more periods for maximum comparability.

This issue presents the latest available statistics on population and housing; labor and employment; travel and tourism; social welfare, and community development; education and culture; health, nutrition and vital statistics; and defense, crime and delinquency.

Featured in this issue is a technical paper on the results of the Random Manual Audit of the 2013 Midterm Elections as reported by the composite team from the National Statistics Office. The audit is a gauge by which to measure the accuracy of the automated election system.

Most of the statistics shown here were taken from surveys and censuses conducted by the PSA and other offices, as well as from administrative forms or records compiled by various agencies. Acknowledgment, therefore, is extended to all secondary data sources without whose cooperation and support, the consolidation of information and the publication of this journal would not have been possible.

Manila, Philippines June 2012

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C O N T E N T S

Page Preface…...………………………………………………………… iv Contents…...………………………………………………………… v Statistical Tables…...……………………………………………… vi Feature Article Partial Result of the Random Manual Audit of the 2013 Midterm Elections .…………………………… 1 Section I - POPULATION AND HOUSING ……………………………… 11 Majority of Filipino Households Use Electricity for Lighting and Wood for Cooking (Results from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing) ……………………………….. 11 Private Building Construction Statistics Fourth Quarter 2011 ………………………………………. 12 Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT ……………………………… 32 Labor Force Survey: January 2012 …….………………… 32 Labor Relations and Concerns …………………………….… 36 Section III -TRAVEL AND TOURISM …………………………………… 48 Visitor Arrivals to the Philippines: Second Quarter 2012 … 48 Hotel Accommodations and Visitors' Average Length of Stay: Second Quarter 2012 ……....……………………… 51 Section IV -SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ……………………………………………… 60 Welfare Benefits and Services First Quarter 2012 ………………………………………….. 60 Section V - EDUCATION AND CULTURE ……………………………… 71 Education Indicators: 2008-2012.…………………………… 71 Promotion of Culture and Arts ……………………………… 75 th Nation Celebrates Jose ’s 150 Birth Anniversary 75 Section VI -HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS ………… 81 Health and Vital Indicators: 2011…………………………… 81 Age at First Birth ……………………………………………… 82 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood ……………………… 83 High-Risk Fertility by Risk Category ………………………… 83 Fetal Deaths ……………………………………………….. 84 Section VII DEFENSE, CRIME AND DELINQUENCY .………………… 96 Crime Indicators: First Quarter 2012 ………………………… 96 S T A T I S T I C A L T A B L E S

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Section I - POPULATION AND HOUSING

1.1 Number of households by type of fuel used for lighting by region: 2010 ……………………………….… 17 1.2 Number of households by type of fuel used for lighting by region/province/highly urbanized city: 2010 …………… 18 1.3 Comparative construction statistics by type of building Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011 ……………………………… 25 1.4 Number, floor area, and value of new construction by type of building and by region Fourth Quarter 2011 ………………………………………. 27 1.5 Number of new residential building construction started floor area and value of constructions by type and by region: Fourth Quarter 2011 ………………………. 28 1.6 Number of new non-residential building construction started, floor area and value of constructions by type and by region: Fourth Quarter 2011 ………………………… 29 1.7 Number of new commercial building construction started floor area and value of constructions by type and by region: Fourth Quarter 2011 ………………………… 30 1.8 Number of new industrial building construction, floor area and value of constructions by type and by region Fourth Quarter 2011 ………………………………………… 31

Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

2.1 Comparative labor statistics: January 2011 and 2012 …. 38 2.2 Employed persons by industry, occupation class of worker and hours worked: January 2012 ………… 38 2.3 Underemployed persons by hours worked and industry and unemployed persons by age group, sex and highest grade completed January 2011 and January 2012 …………………………… 40 STATISTICAL TABLES - Continued

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2.4 Rates of labor force participation, employment unemployment and underemployment by region January 2012 …………………………………………………… 42 2.5 Strike and lockout notices and actual strikes and lockouts: First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………………… 43 2.6 Strike and lockout notices, actual strikes and lockouts and preventive mediation cases by region January to March 2012 ……………………………………… 44 2.7 Preventive mediation cases and voluntary arbitration cases: First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………………………… 46 2.8 Original and appealed mediation-arbitration cases and money claims: First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………. 47

Section III -TRAVEL AND TOURISM

3.1 Visitor arrivals by country of residence Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 …………………………… 53 3.2 Visitor arrivals by country of residence June 2011 and 2012 ………………………………………… 56 3.3 Top ten travel markets Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 …………………………… 59 3.4 Average occupancy rates of hotels in by classification: Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 ……… 59

Section IV -SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Number of disadvantaged children served by program/project/service by sex and by region First Quarter 2012 …………………………………………… 65 4.2 Number of youth served by program/project/service by sex and by region: First Quarter 2012 ………………… 66 4.3 Number of women served by program/project/service and by region: First Quarter 2012 …………………………… 67 4.4 Number of families served by program/project/service by region: First Quarter 2012 ………………………………… 68 4.5 Number of senior citizens (SCs) served by program/project/service by sex and by region First Quarter 2012 …………………………………………… 69 STATISTICAL TABLES - Continued

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4.6 Number of Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) served by program/project/service by sex and by region: First Quarter 2012 …………………………… 70

Section V - EDUCATION AND CULTURE

5.1 Net enrolment rate in public elementary schools SY 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 ……………………………… 78 5.2 Net participation rate in public secondary schools SY 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 ……………………………… 78 5.3 Cohort survival rate in public and private elementary schools SY SY 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 …………………………… 79 5.4 Cohort survival rate in public and private secondary schools SY SY 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 …………………………… 79 5.5 Number of teachers in public schools by region and by level of education SY 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 ……………………………… 80 5.6 Number of public and private schools by region and by level of education SY 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 ……………………………… 80

Section VI - HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS

6.1 Median age at first birth by background characteristics … 87 6.2 Children ever born and living ………………………………… 88 6.3 High-risk fertility behavior …………………………………… 89 6.4 Number, percent distribution and percent change of fetal deaths by region of occurrence: 2010-2011……… 90 6.5 Daily average and daily index of fetal deaths by region of occurrence: 2010-2011 ……………………………………. 91 6.6 Number of fetal deaths by type of attendant and by region: 2011 ………………………………………… 92 6.7 Number and percent distribution of fetal deaths by ten leading causes of deaths: 2010-2011 …………….. 93 6.8 Number and percent distribution of fetal deaths by legitimacy status and age group: 2011 ………………… 94 6.9 Number and percent distribution of fetal deaths by legitimacy status and by region of usual residence of mother: Philippines, 2011 …………………… 95 STATISTICAL TABLES - Concluded

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Section VII DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY

7.1 Total crime volume and efficiency rate by region First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………………………………… 104 7.2 Index and non-index crimes by region First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………………………………… 104 7.3 Crimes against persons by region First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………………………………… 105 7.4 Crimes against property by region First Quarter 2011 and 2012 ………………………………… 106 7.5 Number of kidnap for ransom incidents by status of victims, by status of suspects, by ransom paid by cases solved and by region: 2012 ……………………… 107

Featureature Article Article

Partial Result of the Random Manual Audit

of the 2013 Midterm Elections

Introduction of the 234 clustered precincts using the Automated Random Selection Program The National Statistics Office (ARSP); (2) Development of Data (NSO) is one of the three members of the Capture (with full verification feature) and technical working group formed by the RMA processing and tabulation systems Commission on Election (COMELEC) to facilitate computation of “variance” for primarily assigned to do the random identified national and local positions manual audit on the results of the 2013 (Senator, Member House of midterm election. The random manual Representatives, and ; (3) audit as mandated by law under Section Preparation of summary tables on 24 of Republic Act No. 9369 is the variances; (4) Determination of allowable process of determining the accuracy of margin of “variance”; and (5) Preparation the results of Automated Election System of summary report. (AES) for the National and Local elections in the country held last May 13, This report focused only on the 2013. The manual audit process includes results based on the activities done by the comparison of the number of votes the NSO team. Thus, this report does counted by Precinct Count Optical Scan not represent the complete results of the (PCOS) machine or the Automated random manual audit as other activities Election System (AES) against the specifically done by the other teams of number of votes manually counted by the the TWG-RMA are not included in this Random Manual Audit Team (RMAT) for report. every sample clustered precinct for the positions of Senator, Member of House The Automated Random Selection of Representatives and Mayor. The Program (ARSP) difference between the AES count and RMA count, which is also referred to as The random selection procedure the “variance” was expected to be was done in two stages; (1) Selection of computed for each candidate from a total cities/municipalities on May 10, 2013 at of 234 sample clustered precincts or one the COMELEC Session Hall and; (2) clustered precinct for every legislative Selection of clustered precincts on May district in the Philippines. 12, 2013 at the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC). Using an Role of NSO automated random selection program (ARSP) developed by the Random The NSO as a member of Manual Audit Committee (RMAC), the Random Manual Audit Committee 234 sample clustered precincts were (RMAC) was involved particularly in the successfully selected. The list of sample following activities: (1) Sample selection clustered precincts is shown in Annex A.

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The ARSP is a computer equal chance of being selected. In the application program that contains initial stage of selection, the term routines, functions, and algorithms “element” here refers to the developed in visual studio environment “cities/municipalities” within a legislative and MySQL database system. The same district. Likewise, during the second and program was subjected to source code final stage of randomized selection, the review by Registered Political Parties and term “element” can also refer to the Accredited Citizens’ Arm Groups. The “clustered precincts” within the selected ARSP is developed to speed-up the city/municipality. The random selection sample selection process and to replace procedure is designed to draw two sets the previous manual method of random of sample (i.e., (1) the priority list of selection using “tambiolo” in 2010. Figure sample and (2) the contingency list of 1 shows the screenshot of the program sample). that was used to facilitate random selection.

FIGURE 1 Screenshot of Automated Random Selection Program

Sample Selection Procedure The priority set of sample contains the list of randomly selected In a simple random selection, priority cities/municipalities and the every element in the population has an corresponding priority list of 234 randomly selected clustered precincts.

Results of the 2013 Random Manual Audit 3

On the other hand, the contingency list of 3 illustrates the Network Configuration sample contains the list of randomly setup of the RMA processing system. selected Contingency cities/municipalities and the list of 234 randomly selected FIGURE 3 RMA Network Configuration: 2013 contingency clustered precincts. The contingency list of sample is used as replacement in case of a failure of random manual audit (RMA) in any of the priority sample due to accessibility and peace and order problems. The actual number of sample clustered precincts drawn from each region is shown in Figure 2.

FIGUREFIGURE 2 Frequency 2 Frequency Distri Distributionbution of Sample of Sample Clustered ClusteredPrecincts Precincts by Re bygion: Region: 2013 2013

RMA Processing Flow

RMA reports coming from the RMA validation group of the COMELEC are transmitted to the NSO-RMA team for processing, tabulation and analysis. An internal unique control number is assigned to each RMA report received. The assigned NSO encoders and verifiers input the data with 100 percent key verification. These encoded data are RMA Processing Network then uploaded to MySQL Database. The Configuration Setup uploaded data underwent internal validation to check for possible encoding The 2013 RMA processing system was configured using a network FIGURE 4 RMA Processing Flow: 2013 environment with 1 MySQL server and 12 workstations. The RMA processing system consists of 3 (three) modules (i.e., (1) Receipt, Control and Monitoring Module, (2) Data Capture and Verification Module, and (3) Query and Reports Module). The data capture and verification module of the system utilized CSPro version 3.3 (i.e., for 8 workstations) while the other 2 (two) system modules were developed using MySQL database system for the remaining workstations. Figure 4 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

errors. The system is capable of (errors in transposition) and/or generating completeness report and mathematical errors (errors in counting tabulations to generate preliminary and adding of taras). Further manual reports anytime. Figure 4 shows the validation of the RMA minutes/reports detailed process flow of the RMA was done to address these errors. processing system . Based on the ninety-nine percent Number of sample clustered precincts (99%) accuracy rate, the allowable with complete and validated RMA margin of “variance” is set at one percent reports (i.e., equivalent to less than 10 votes difference in absolute value for every As of June 19, 2013, a total of 1,000 valid votes counted). Since most of 212 complete and validated RMA reports the variance can be attributed to human or 90.6 percent of the 234 total sample errors or clerical errors, aiming for a clustered precincts were received by the higher accuracy rate to as high as 99.995 NSO for analysis and processing to percent (i.e., 1 vote difference in absolute generate “variance” summary report. An value for every 20,000 valid votes RMA minutes/report for a given sample counted) could be statistically clustered precincts is considered improbable. complete and validated if the number of votes per AES and per RMA are Table 2 shows the Allowable available and further validations have Margin of “Variance” for the positions been made to review the initial audit Senator, Member of House of results submitted by the RMAT to the Representatives and Mayor based on the COMELEC. The distribution of 212 received RMA reports from 212 sample sample clustered precincts with complete clustered precincts. precincts drawn and validated RMA reports by region is randomly who have submitted complete shown in Table 1. and validated RMA reports.

Allowable margin of variance Variance summary results

Section 12 of COMELEC The term “variance” here refers to Resolution No. 8837 dated April 30, 2010 the absolute difference between the stated that “In the event the results of the number of votes per AES and per RMA. AES exceed the allowable margin of variance, Section 24 of RA 9369 shall The variance was computed at apply.” the sample clustered precinct level. at the regional level was computed by From the 212 sample clustered adding all the “variance” computed at the precincts, a total of 111,251 persons legislative districts within the region. The voted using the AES. The results of the national total “variance” is the sum of the AES count were then compared to the “variance” of all the regions. results using the manual count. Ideally, the number of votes counted from the Large “variances” were then AES should not be different from the identified for further validation. For a number of votes counted manually. given cluster of precincts, a variance is However, discrepancies between the considered large if the cumulative counts per AES and per RMA occurred variance for all candidates for all three which can be attributed to clerical errors positions (i.e., Senator, Member of Results of the 2013 Random Manual Audit 5

House of Representatives, and Mayor) is The “variance” for the Member 10 or more. The validation was done by of House of representatives position identifying the root cause of that had a cumulative total of 27 votes discrepancies. Variances found due to resulted to 0.03 percentage variance. clerical/mathematical errors were Region 3 tallied 6 votes difference immediately corrected and reflected in while Region 2 had 5 votes; variance. the variance summary results. However, This was followed by Region 4A and errors other than clerical/mathematical Region 8, both with 4 votes share to total were referred to the Technical Evaluation “variance”. No variance or no votes’ Committee. Table 3 shows the variance difference between AES and RMA was summary results. noted in seven regions: NCR; Region 1; Region 4B; Region 7, Region 9; Region Variance for senatorial position 11; and Region 12. Table 4B shows the regional breakdown of total variances for The cumulative variance for Member of House of Representatives senatorial position at the national level position. was tallied at 184 votes. This figure was way below the allowable 8,177 votes Variance for mayoralty position difference. The computed percentage variance was at 0.02 percent that A total cumulative “variance” of 26 resulted to 99.98 percent accuracy rate. votes seen from the mayoralty position Percentage variance is the ratio between out of the 102,976 valid votes counted total variance and the total number of resulted to 0.03 percentage variance. valid votes counted using AES. The highest tallied 7 votes’ difference was oberse in Region IV-A. This was Among the regions, Region 3 followed by Region 11 (5 votes’ registered the largest “variance” of 44 difference), Region 3 (4 votes’ difference) votes’ difference. This was followed by and Region 2 (3 votes’ difference). No Region 6 (20 votes’ difference) and variance or no votes’ difference between Regions 1 and 5 (16 votes’ difference). AES and RMA was noted in NCR, CAR, No “variance” or no votes’ difference Region 1, Region IVB, Region 5, Region between AES and RMA was noted in 9, and Region 12. Table 4c shows the ARMM. Table 4a shows the regional distribution of total variances for distribution of total variances for mayoralty position by region. senatorial position. Accuracy rate Voting behavior The accuracy rate is computed as On the average, Filipino voters the complement of percentage variance. opted to vote for only seven senatorial Thus, at the national level, a 0.02 candidates out of 12 possible senatorial percentage variance would yield an seats. Registered voters from NCR, on accuracy rate of 99.98 percent. On the the average, had included 10 senators on average, accuracy rate for all positions their senatorial list while voters from was at 99.97 percent. The highest ARMM and Caraga voted for an accuracy rate for senatorial position was average of only 5 senatorial candidates. at 100 percent posted in ARMM. For the local positions, the highest accuracy rate Variance for Member, House of for Member, House of Representatives Representatives Position was recorded at 100 percent in 6 regions: 6 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

NCR; Region 1; Region 7; Region 9; • The serial numbers of the plastic Region 11; and Region 12; For the seals attached to the ballot box mayoralty position, high accuracy rates were not (Bangar, ). were seen from all regions ranging from • It took 2 days for the RMAT to 99.91 percent (Region 11) to 100.0 finish reading the ballots (Sta. Fe, percent in seven (7) regions (i.e., NCR, ) CAR, Region 1, Region IV-B, Region 5, • Counted ballots with overvotes Region 9, Region 12). The average and undervotes could not be accuracy rate of all three positions at the placed in the envelope due to its national level was at 99.97 percent . The limited size. Only a photocopy of regional breakdown of accuracy rate for the AES results was received by the three positions is shown in Table 5. the RMAT (, Eastern ) Problems encountered and action • Overvotes and undervotes were taken not indicated in the result of AES (Oton, ) During RMA Sample Selection • BEI’s were not able to transmit data causing the delay in the • After the initial stage of sample RMA counting (Buruanga, , selection on May 10, 2013 some Manatao, ) areas selected by the Automated • The counting of votes was done Random Selection Program at the district office of (ARSP) (i.e., (priority since the precinct has no signal sample) and and the place is not safe for the (contingency sample) for the 1st team to stay overnight. (Alicia, legislative district of ) Province) had to be replaced due • The space/boxes provided for the to accessibility problem. undervotes in the tally board and

audit return was not enough for After the completion of second the taras. Available spaces in the and final stage of sample audit return and tally board were selection on May 12, 2013, at the utilized instead (Libertad, Misamis COMELEC Command Center in Oriental, Lilo-An ) Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), the • The counting/auditing was held at replacement (i.e., City, the Municipal Hall because the Isabela) was finally drawn using machine cannot transmit the the ASRP. result (Sta. Maria, ) No print-out statistics for During RMA Counting (Based on undervotes and overvotes (Paco, the submitted RMA minutes) Manila) • No print-out statistics for • No proper endorsement of the undervotes and overvotes (Paco, ballot box and data needed for Manila) the RMA. Minutes of voting were ______not endorsed/handed to the team Source: National Statistics Office upon endorsement of the ballot 2013 Random Manual Audit box (Siasi, )

RESULTS OF THE RANDOM MANUAL AUDIT… 7

TABLE 1 Distribution of Sample Clustered Precincts with Complete and Validated RMA Reports by Region: 2013

Number of Clustered Precincts Complete Completion Area and Validated Rate Sample RMA Reports (In Percent)

Philippines 234 212 90.6 NCR 32 29 90.6 CAR 7 7 100.0 I - Ilocos Region 12 9 75.0 II - Valley 10 10 100.0 III - Central 21 20 95.2 IVA - CALABARZON 23 22 95.7 IVB - MIMAROPA 8 7 87.5 V - Bicol Region 16 15 93.8 VI - Western 18 17 94.4 VII - Central Visayas 16 14 87.5 VIII - Eastern Visayas 12 11 91.7 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 9 8 88.9 X - Northern 14 12 85.7 XI - Davao Region 11 11 100.0 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 8 6 75.0 XIII - Caraga 9 8 88.9 ARMM 8 6 75.0

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results

TABLE 2 Distribution of Sample Clustered Precincts with Complete and Validated RMA Reports by Region: 2013

Number of Number Valid Votes Position of Persons Counted as per Allowable Margin Actually Automated Election of Variance Voted System (AES) (1.0 Percent)

Senator 111,251 817,729 8,177 Mayor 111,251 102,976 1,030 Member, House of Representatives 111,251 96,155 962

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results 8 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 3 Variance Summary Report: 2013

Total Number of Valid Votes Counted Total Variance as per Automated Election System (AES) (In Absolute Value) Region Member Member House of House of Senator Representatives Mayor Senator Representatives Mayor

Philippines 817,729 96,155 102,976 184 27 26 NCR 155,597 14,038 14,526 11 - - CAR 20,549 2,809 2,751 14 1 - I - Ilocos Region 45,218 4,848 5,120 16 - - II - 28,493 3,688 3,745 7 5 3 III - Central Luzon 99,479 10,479 11,098 44 6 4 IVA - CALABARZON 107,459 10,873 11,830 10 4 7 IVB - MIMAROPA 18,635 2,217 2,707 5 - - V - Bicol Region 40,862 5,771 6,191 16 1 - VI - Western Visayas 69,214 8,334 8,597 20 2 1 VII - Central Visayas 47,767 6,587 7,426 4 - 2 VIII - Eastern Visayas 23,856 4,263 4,671 7 4 1 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 19,867 2,678 3,106 5 - - X - Northern Mindanao 42,371 5,697 6,050 3 1 1 XI - Davao Region 44,767 5,356 5,802 15 - 5 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 24,092 2,897 3,322 1 - - XIII - Caraga 18,464 3,437 3,815 6 2 1 ARMM 11,039 2,183 2,219 - 1 1

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results TABLE 4a Variance Summary Report: 2013

Number of Voters Number of Votes Auto- Average Region mated Random Variance Number Election Manual (In of Total Actually System Audit Absolute Senators Percentage Accuracy Registered Voted (AES) (RMA) Value) Voted Variance Rate

Philippines 142,395 111,251 817,729 817,757 184 7 0.0225 99.9775 NCR 22,257 15,575 155,597 155,600 11 10 0.0071 99.9929 CAR 3,700 3,008 20,549 20,555 14 7 0.0681 99.9319 I - Ilocos Region 6,714 5,584 45,218 45,206 16 8 0.0354 99.9646 II - Cagayan Valley 5,389 4,085 28,493 28,498 7 7 0.0246 99.9754 III - Central Luzon 15,292 11,927 99,479 99,489 44 8 0.0442 99.9558 IVA - CALABARZON 16,217 12,531 107,459 107,465 10 9 0.0093 99.9907 IVB - MIMAROPA 3,451 2,795 18,635 18,640 5 7 0.0268 99.9732 V - Bicol Region 7,914 6,653 40,862 40,872 16 6 0.0392 99.9608 VI - Western Visayas 11,938 9,640 69,214 69,214 20 7 0.0289 99.9711 VII - Central Visayas 9,824 8,178 47,767 47,767 4 6 0.0084 99.9916 VIII - Eastern Visayas 6,123 5,127 23,856 23,851 7 5 0.0293 99.9707 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 4,883 3,417 19,867 19,872 5 6 0.0252 99.9748 X - Northern Mindanao 8,087 6,412 42,371 42,372 3 7 0.0071 99.9929 XI - Davao Region 8,455 6,382 44,767 44,766 15 7 0.0335 99.9665 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 4,505 3,480 24,092 24,091 1 7 0.0042 99.9958 XIII - Caraga 4,928 4,100 18,464 18,460 6 5 0.0325 99.9675 ARMM 2,718 2,357 11,039 11,039 - 5 - 100

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results RESULTS OF THE RANDOM MANUAL AUDIT… 9

TABLE 4b Variance Summary Results for Members of House of Representatives Position: 2013

Number of Voters Number of Votes Automated Random Variance Region Election Manual (In Total Actually System Audit Absolute Percentage Accuracy Registered Voted (AES) (RMA) Value) Variance Rate Philippines 142,395 111,251 96,155 96,162 27 0.0281 99.9719 NCR 22,257 15,575 14,038 14,038 - 0.0000 100.0000 CAR 3,700 3,008 2,809 2,810 1 0.0356 99.9644 I - Ilocos Region 6,714 5,584 4,848 4,848 - 0.0000 100.0000 II - Cagayan Valley 5,389 4,085 3,688 3,689 5 0.1356 99.8644 III - Central Luzon 15,292 11,927 10,479 10,475 6 0.0573 99.9427 IVA - CALABARZON 16,217 12,531 10,873 10,877 4 0.0368 99.9632 IVB - MIMAROPA 3,451 2,795 2,217 2,217 - 0.0000 100.0000 V - Bicol Region 7,914 6,653 5,771 5,772 1 0.0173 99.9827 VI - Western Visayas 11,938 9,640 8,334 8,334 2 0.0240 99.9760 VII - Central Visayas 9,824 8,178 6,587 6,587 - 0.0000 100.0000 VIII - Eastern Visayas 6,123 5,127 4,263 4,267 4 0.0938 99.9062 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 4,883 3,417 2,678 2,678 - 0.0000 100.0000 X - Northern Mindanao 8,087 6,412 5,697 5,696 1 0.0176 99.9824 XI - Davao Region 8,455 6,382 5,356 5,356 - 0.0000 100.0000 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 4,505 3,480 2,897 2,897 - 0.0000 100.0000 XIII - Caraga 4,928 4,100 3,437 3,437 2 0.0582 99.9418 ARMM 2,718 2,357 2,183 2,184 1 0.0458 99.9542

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results

TABLE 4c Variance Summary Results for Mayoralty Position: 2013

Number of Voters Number of Votes Automated Random Variance Region Election Manual (In Total Actually System Audit Absolute Percentage Accuracy Registered Voted (AES) (RMA) Value) Variance Rate Philippines 142,395 111,251 102,976 102,986 26 0.0281 99.9748 NCR 22,257 15,575 14,526 14,526 - 0.0000 100.0000 CAR 3,700 3,008 2,751 2,751 - 0.0000 100.0000 I - Ilocos Region 6,714 5,584 5,120 5,120 - 0.0000 100.0000 II - Cagayan Valley 5,389 4,085 3,745 3,748 3 0.0801 99.9199 III - Central Luzon 15,292 11,927 11,098 11,102 4 0.0380 99.9840 IVA - CALABARZON 16,217 12,531 11,830 11,825 7 0.0592 99.9408 IVB - MIMAROPA 3,451 2,795 2,707 2,707 - 0.0000 100.0000 V - Bicol Region 7,914 6,653 6,191 6,191 - 0.0000 100.0000 VI - Western Visayas 11,938 9,640 8,597 8,596 1 0.0116 99.9884 VII - Central Visayas 9,824 8,178 7,426 7,428 2 0.0269 99.9731 VIII - Eastern Visayas 6,123 5,127 4,671 4,672 1 0.0214 99.9786 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 4,883 3,417 3,106 3,106 - 0.0000 100.0000 X - Northern Mindanao 8,087 6,412 6,050 6,051 1 0.0165 99.9835 XI - Davao Region 8,455 6,382 5,802 5,807 5 0.0862 99.9138 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 4,505 3,480 3,322 3,322 - 0.0000 100.0000 XIII - Caraga 4,928 4,100 3,815 3,814 1 0.0262 99.9738 ARMM 2,718 2,357 2,219 2,220 1 0.0451 99.9549

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results 10 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 5 Accuracy Rate by Region: 2013

Accuracy Rate (In Percent) Member Area House of Senator Representatives Mayor Average

Philippines 99.9775 99.9719 99.9748 99.9747 NCR 99.9929 100.0000 100.0000 99.9976 CAR 99.9319 99.9644 100.0000 99.9654 I - Ilocos Region 99.9646 100.0000 100.0000 99.9882 II - Cagayan Valley 99.9754 99.8644 99.9199 99.9199 III - Central Luzon 99.9558 99.9427 99.9640 99.9542 IVA - CALABARZON 99.9907 99.9632 99.9408 99.9649 IVB - MIMAROPA 99.9732 100.0000 100.0000 99.9911 V - Bicol Region 99.9608 99.9827 100.0000 99.9812 VI - Western Visayas 99.9711 99.9760 99.9884 99.9785 VII - Central Visayas 99.9916 100.0000 99.9731 99.9882 VIII - Eastern Visayas 99.9707 99.9062 99.9786 99.9518 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 99.9748 100.0000 100.0000 99.9916 X - Northern Mindanao 99.9929 99.9824 99.9835 99.9863 XI - Davao Region 99.9665 100.0000 99.9138 99.9601 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 99.9958 100.0000 100.0000 99.9986 XIII - Caraga 99.9675 99.9418 99.9738 99.9610 ARMM 100.0000 99.9542 99.9549 99.9697

Source : National Statistics Office, 2013 Random Manual Audit Results Section I – POPULATION AND HOUSING ` Majority of Filipino plans and programs for national and local development. Households Use Electricity for Lighting Using 12:01 in the morning of May 1, 2010 as reference period, all and Wood for Cooking persons were enumerated in their (Results from the 2010 usual place of residence, which was the geographic place ( street, , , Census of Population municipality, or province) where the and Housing) person usually resides.

Eight in ten households in the country

use electricity for lighting

The number of households in the country based on the 2010 CPH reached 20.2 million. This represents an increase of 32.0 percent compared to the 15.3 million households in 2000.

In 2010, nearly 17.0 million households or 83.4 percent of the total households in the country used electricity for lighting. The proportion of households using kerosene for lighting was recorded at 15.0 percent. The rest of the households used LPG (0.7 percent) and oil (0.1 percent) for lighting Introduction (Table 1.1).

In 2010, the National Statistics Regions in Luzon has highest Office (NSO) conducted the 2010 proportion of households with Census of Population and Housing electricity for lighting (CPH). This nationwide undertaking was the 13th population census conducted in Electricity was the most the country. commonly used fuel for lighting in all

regions. National Capital Region (NCR) Like the previous censuses, the had the highest proportion of households 2010 CPH was designed to take an among regions using electricity for inventory of the total population in the lighting at 97.3 percent. This was Philippines and to collect information followed by Central Luzon (93.4 percent), about their characteristics. The census of CALABARZON (92.8 percent), Ilocos population is the source of information on Region (91.8 percent), Cagayan Valley the size and distribution of the population (84.1 percent), and Cordillera as well as information about the Administrative Region (CAR) (81.8 demographic, social, economic, and percent) (Table 1.1). cultural characteristics. These information are vital for making rational 11 12 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

In four provinces, kerosene is most Meanwhile, households in four of commonly used by households for the 17 administrative regions used LPG lighting most of the time for cooking. The use of LPG was highest in NCR with 77.6 Among the provinces, excluding percent of the total households using it the highly urbanized cities, the use of for cooking, followed by CAR (53.4 electricity for lighting was highest in percent), Region IVA (60.2 percent), and with 97.3 percent of its Region III (60.1 percent). The use of households using it for lighting in 2010. charcoal for cooking was highest in This was followed by (96.8 Region IVB with 31.9 percent of its percent), (96.1 percent), households using it. (96.0 percent), (95.7 percent), and (95.4 percent). The use of wood for cooking is highest in On the other hand, in four out of 80 provinces in the country, kerosene Among the provinces, excluding was recorded as the leading fuel for the highly urbanized cities, Siquijor had electricity, with more than half of their the highest proportion of households that households using it as fuel for lighting. used wood most of the time for cooking These provinces are Sulu with 56.9 (89.5 percent). This was followed by percent, with 52.9 percent, Agusan del Sur (88.3 percent) and Tawi-Tawi with 50.5 percent, and (88.1 percent). with 50.2 percent.

Wood is the prevailing fuel for cooking in the country Private Building Construction Statistics Wood was recorded as the most Fourth Quarter 2011 commonly used fuel for cooking. It was used most often by 44.1 percent of the (Preliminary Results) total households, or 8.9 million households, in the country. LPG came in Scope and Coverage as the second most commonly used fuel for cooking with 36.9 percent of the total Private construction statistics households. Other types of fuel used by from approved building permits relate to the rest of the households were charcoal data on new constructions and additions, (13.1 percent), kerosene (3.0 percent), alterations, and repairs of residential and and electricity (2.6 percent). non-residential buildings and other structures undertaken in all regions and Using wood for cooking is most provinces of the country. prevalent in Caraga Source of Information Among the regions, Caraga recorded the highest proportion of Data were taken from the original households that used wood most of the application forms of approved building time for cooking, with 78.8 percent. This permits collected by NSO field personnel was followed by Region X (78.2 percent), from local building officials nationwide. Region IX (69.8 percent), Region VII (68.8 percent), and Region XII (66.2 percent).

POPULATION AND HOUSING 13

Limitations facilities for each; a single structure divided into two dwelling units by a wall Data on private building extending from the floor to the ceiling constructions refer to those proposed to be constructed or construction work Apartment – a structure, usually of started during the reference period and two storeys, made up of independent not to construction work completed living quarters, with independent during the reference period. entrances from internal walls and courts

The completeness of the number Accessoria – a one-or two-floor of building permits collected relies on the structure divided into several dwelling applications filed and approved by the units, each dwelling unit having its own Offices of Local Building Officials (LBOs). separate entrance from the outside Hence, private building constructions without approved building permits are not Residential condominium – a included in the tabulation of data. structure, usually of several storeys, consisting of multiple dwelling units

Definition of Terms Other residential constructions –

consist of school or company staff Building permit – a written houses, living quarters for drivers and authorization granted by the LBO to an maids, and guardhouses applicant allowing him to proceed with the construction of a specific project after Non-residential building – this plans, specifications, and other pertinent type includes commercial, industrial, documents have been found to be in agricultural, and institutional buildings conformity with the National Building

Code (PD 1096) Additions or alterations and

repairs – construction works by which Building - any independent, free the utility of building or structure is raised standing structure comprising of one or or at least renewed, or which materially more rooms or other spaces, covered by extends the normal life of the building or a roof and enclosed with external walls structure or dividing walls, which extend the foundation to the roof Demolitions – the systematic dismantling or destruction of a building or Residential building – a building structure or in part for which its major parts or more than half of its gross floor area is built for Street furniture -- street structures dwelling purposes; this type of building consisting of monuments, waiting sheds, can be of the single type, duplex, an benches, plant boxes, lampposts, electric apartment and/or accessoria, and poles, and telephone poles residential condominium Floor area of building – the sum Single house – a complete of the area of each floor of the building structure intended for a single family measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, Duplex – a structure intended for cellars, elevator shafts, and all communal two households with complete living spaces in multidwellings; areas of balconies are excluded

14 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Total value of construction – the existing structures showed a 22.0 sum of the cost of building, electrical, percent increment to 3,752 from 3,076 mechanical, plumbing, and others; the recorded during the same quarter of value is derived from the approved 2010 (Table 1.3). building permit and represents the estimated value of the building or At the regional level, the most structure when completed. number of construction projects were located in the following: • CALABARZON with 5,489, Analysis of Tables (22.3%) • Central Visayas with 3,015, Number of new constructions (12.3%) increases by 7.6 percent • National Capital Region (NCR) with 2,718, (11.0%) There were a total of 24,610 new • Central Luzon with 2,241, (9.1%) construction projects from approved • Davao Region with 2,027, (8.2%). building permits reported in the country during the fourth quarter of 2011. This For areas outside NCR, three number registered an increase of 7.6 provinces listed below contributed the percent compared to 22,879 construction biggest share in terms of the number of projects over the same period in 2010 construction projects during the fourth (Table 1.3). quarter 2011. These provinces recorded number of construction projects Residential type building exceeding a thousand mark. construction in the fourth quarter of 2011 • Cavite with 1,970, (8.0%) slightly went up by 4.5 percent to 17,451 • Cebu with 1,334, (5.4%) from 16,697. Similarly, non-residential • with 1,289, (5.2%). building construction for the period exhibited a growth of 9.7 percent to 3,407 from 3,106 projects (Table 1.3).

FIGURE 1 Number of New Construction Projects by Type: Fourth Quarter 2011 and 2010

Value of construction projects slumps by 8.5 percent

Furthermore, combined number for Aggregate value of construction additions, alterations and repairs of projects during the fourth quarter of 2011

POPULATION AND HOUSING 15

slumped 8.5 percent to PHP43.8 billion Average cost per square meter of from PHP47.8 billion posted during the residential building construction is same quarter of 2010. PHP9,209

Value of construction for Total value of construction for residential buildings showed a decrease residential buildings was PHP24.3 billion of 7.1 percent to PHP24.3 billion from with a total floor area of 2.6 million PHP26.2 billion during the same period square meters, translating to an average of 2010. cost of PHP9,209 per square meter. This figure represents an increase of Likewise, value for non-residential 5.4 percent compared with the average building construction, fell by 14.1 percent cost of PHP8,735 per square meter of to PHP15.7 billion from PHP18.2 billion the previous year. registered during the same quarter of 2010. Comprising about 88.4 percent of the total residential constructions were On the other hand, combined single-type residential buildings. This value of construction for additions, type of construction numbered 15,422 alterations and repairs of existing projects with a total floor area of 1.4 structures, estimated at PHP3.8 billion, million square meters and an aggregate rose 10.9 percent from PHP3.4 billion value of PHP11.2 billion. This translates registered during the same period of to an average cost of PHP7,867 per 2010. square meter.

Number of apartment/accessoria- type buildings reached 1,443, representing 8.3 percent of the total residential construction. This type had an estimated construction value of PHP3.2 billion with total floor area of 458.9 thousand square meters or an average cost of PHP7,055 per square meter.

Across the country, NCR consistently occupied the top spot in terms of the value of construction with share of 36.7 percent (PHP16.1 billion) of the total. CALABARZON and Central Visayas ranked second and third with respective shares of 13.9 percent (PHP6.1 billion) and 11.9 percent (PHP5.2 billion).

16 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Duplex-type residential was estimated at PHP304.3 million construction recorded a total of 494 covering a total floor area of 79.1 buildings or 2.8 percent of the total thousand square meters, indicating an residential construction. Total value for average cost of PHP3,845 per square this type amounted to PHP449.6 million meter. and a total floor area of 53.6 thousand square meters or an average cost of PHP8,387 per square meter.

Commercial type non-residential building construction constitutes 58.9 percent

The total value of non-residential building constructions reached PHP15.7 billion with a total floor area of 1.9 million square meters reflecting an average cost of PHP8,342 per square meter.

Commercial-type buildings numbering to 2,007 constituted more than half (58.9%) of the total non- residential constructions. Value of construction for this type was estimated at PHP9.6 billion covering a total floor area of 1.2 million square meters or an average cost of PHP8,101 per square meter.

Institutional building construction reported a total of 584 projects (17.1%) with construction value of PHP3.4 billion and a total floor area of 286.4 thousand square meters or an average cost of PHP11,863 per square meter.

One in every ten (10.6%) non- residential constructions was for industrial-type building with 362 construction projects. The total value of industrial construction amounted to PHP2.0 billion with a total floor area of 325.9 thousand square meters. This translates to an average cost of PHP6,038 per square meter.

The least number of non- residential constructions was reported for agricultural-type building with 99 or 2.9 percent of the total. Construction value

POPULATION AND HOUSING 17

TABLE 1.1 Number of Households by Type of Fuel Used for Lighting by Region: 2010 (Figures are based on a 20 percent sample households)

Type of fuel used for lighting Region Total Households Electricity Kerosene LPG Philippines 20,171,899 16,828,622 3,022,151 132,082 NCR 2,759,829 2,686,086 34,480 23,674 CAR 352,403 288,185 56,600 2,183 I - Ilocos Region 1,050,605 964,809 76,984 5,362 II - Cagayan Valley 727,327 611,865 107,340 2,814 III - Central Luzon 2,239,011 2,091,493 120,533 15,166 IVA - CALABARZON 2,833,595 2,630,489 158,928 24,566 IVB - MIMAROPA 602,131 383,441 196,519 5,999 V - Bicol Region 1,111,753 832,892 258,458 4,839 VI - Western Visayas 1,526,587 1,229,921 279,433 6,187 VII - Central Visayas 1,487,710 1,183,026 288,103 6,038 VIII - Eastern Visayas 865,657 667,084 184,838 6,158 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 726,272 474,935 240,412 4,348 X - Northern Mindanao 917,840 701,102 205,536 2,778 XI - Davao Region 1,011,943 773,562 221,438 5,428 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 916,038 628,221 268,637 5,791 XIII - Caraga 504,257 379,670 115,964 1,520 ARMM 538,941 301,841 207,950 9,231

Type of fuel used for lighting Not Oil Others None Reported

Philippines 12,420 100,243 59,371 17,026 NCR 485 5,174 5,255 4,680 CAR 342 4,797 291 5 I - Ilocos Region 376 1,487 1,375 212 II - Cagayan Valley 288 3,712 1,293 14 III - Central Luzon 465 6,112 4,572 669 IVA - CALABARZON 1,343 10,296 7,610 363 IVB - MIMAROPA 807 10,432 4,750 182 V - Bicol Region 369 11,482 3,693 20 VI - Western Visayas 1,040 6,634 3,166 207 VII - Central Visayas 1,114 3,453 5,742 206 VIII - Eastern Visayas 679 2,824 4,069 5 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 822 3,297 2,458 - X - Northern Mindanao 532 4,941 2,931 20 XI - Davao Region 550 6,540 3,508 918 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,704 7,281 2,975 1,434 XIII - Caraga 491 3,887 2,716 10 ARMM 1,013 7,894 2,967 8,081

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics 18 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 1.2 Number of Households by Type of Fuel Used for Lighting by Region Province/Highly Urbanized City: 2010 (Figures are based on a 20 percent sample households)

Type of fuel used for lighting Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Total Households Electricity Kerosene LPG

Philippines 20,171,899 16,828,622 3,022,151 132,082

National Capital Region 2,759,829 2,686,086 34,480 23,674 City of Manila 386,835 370,863 7,354 3,829 City of 79,935 78,932 596 24 City of 91,414 90,557 576 - City of 154,970 152,993 1,362 - City 634,346 622,193 6,229 4,404 City of San Juan 28,890 28,700 116 - City 345,444 335,348 4,734 4,090 City of 82,546 80,547 925 475 City of 59,296 56,645 1,448 544 City of Valenzuela 137,834 134,711 1,614 1,001 City of Las Piñas 127,723 123,385 1,915 1,793 City of 126,457 123,569 778 1,356 City of 103,949 99,413 2,232 1,662 City of Parañaque 137,405 132,444 1,483 1,980 City 97,966 95,267 1,197 1,133 Pateros 14,629 14,281 214 70 City 150,190 146,238 1,706 1,314

Cordillera Administrative Region 352,403 288,185 56,600 2,183 49,144 38,955 9,118 112 23,337 13,514 9,361 66 (excluding City) 90,440 78,331 9,348 756 Baguio City 78,313 76,720 641 814 39,479 24,761 13,856 172 38,642 28,621 9,165 130 33,048 27,283 5,112 133

Region I – Ilocos Region 1,050,605 964,809 76,984 5,362 Ilocos Norte 128,558 124,439 3,195 712 145,674 136,738 8,016 556 La Union 163,820 149,375 13,686 512 612,553 554,257 52,087 3,583

Region II – Cagayan Valley 727,327 611,865 107,340 2,814 Batanes 4,270 4,154 88 6 Cagayan 250,465 207,228 40,819 888 Isabela 336,823 298,018 35,781 1,382 95,999 73,353 20,314 423 39,770 29,111 10,337 116

Continued POPULATION AND HOUSING 19

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Type of fuel used for lighting Not Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Oil Others None Reported

National Capital Region 485 5,174 5,255 4,680 City of Manila 68 1,565 1,791 1,369 City of Mandaluyong 47 152 125 60 City of Marikina -83 57 140 City of Pasig 46 241 230 98 - 760 632 128 City of San Juan -31 37 6 Caloocan City 103 369 697 104 City of Malabon 16 224 193 166 City of Navotas 37 318 261 43 City of Valenzuela 40 154 229 84 City of Las Piñas 29 108 196 298 City of Makati - 253 129 373 City of Muntinlupa 11 236 231 165 City of Parañaque 39 148 71 1,241 Pasay City 10 187 66 106 Pateros 10 35 20 - Taguig City 31 311 290 301

Cordillera Administrative Region 342 4,797 291 5 Abra 11 860 88 - Apayao 144 242 10 - Benguet (excluding Baguio City) 62 1,860 79 5 Baguio City 10 89 40 - Ifugao 15 655 21 - Kalinga 86 615 26 - Mountain Province 15 478 28 -

Region I – Ilocos Region 376 1,487 1,375 212 Ilocos Norte 26 120 65 - Ilocos Sur 14 185 165 - La Union 34 106 102 5 Pangasinan 301 1,075 1,043 207

Region II – Cagayan Valley 288 3,712 1,293 14 Batanes -13 9 - Cagayan 139 766 615 9 Isabela 95 1,092 454 - Nueva Vizcaya 24 1,724 156 5 Quirino 30 117 58 -

Continued 20 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Type of fuel used for lighting Total Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Households Electricity Kerosene LPG

Region III – Central Luzon 2,239,011 2,091,493 120,533 15,166 44,740 33,151 9,522 104 150,090 139,954 8,396 988 Bulacan 659,158 631,078 20,240 4,680 439,460 397,577 36,930 2,455 Pampanga (excluding Angeles City) 416,271 399,853 10,900 3,865 Angeles City 74,510 72,350 1,335 635 280,382 260,033 18,270 1,316 (excluding City) 122,158 107,678 13,210 647 Olongapo City 52,242 49,819 1,729 477

Region IVA – CALABARZON 2,833,595 2,630,489 158,928 24,566 Batangas 511,530 488,236 15,698 3,994 Cavite 703,841 675,890 19,078 5,722 Laguna 623,707 590,761 23,741 4,805 Quezon (excluding City) 384,455 307,295 70,614 3,024 Lucena City 54,488 51,298 2,300 646 Rizal 555,574 517,009 27,497 6,374

Region IVB – MIMAROPA 602,131 383,441 196,519 5,999 51,648 39,243 11,300 453 98,872 67,567 27,203 1,098 172,956 118,884 49,685 1,623 Palawan (excluding City) 165,272 72,391 82,997 1,794 Puerto Princesa City 50,669 42,797 6,420 299 62,714 42,559 18,914 731

Region V – Bicol Region 1,111,753 832,892 258,458 4,839 255,672 218,594 34,992 738 116,728 92,831 21,834 893 364,472 288,175 72,615 1,778 49,368 39,681 9,500 31 Masbate 171,644 70,168 90,731 824 153,869 123,444 28,785 575

Region VI – Western Visayas 1,526,587 1,229,921 279,433 6,187 Aklan 116,123 104,376 104,376 500 115,818 94,572 94,572 350 159,061 129,603 129,603 573 35,462 25,359 25,359 170 Iloilo (excluding ) 378,856 304,620 304,620 1,195 Iloilo City 90,681 87,205 87,205 539 (excluding City) 513,995 371,948 371,948 2,278 Bacolod City 116,591 112,237 112,237 584

Continued POPULATION AND HOUSING 21

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Type of fuel used for lighting Not Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Oil Others None Reported

Region III – Central Luzon 465 6,112 4,572 669 Aurora 10 1,902 51 0 Bataan 14 247 385 106 Bulacan 134 1,447 1,434 144 Nueva Ecija 159 1,180 1,149 10 Pampanga (excluding Angeles City) 68 604 793 187 Angeles City 9 143 19 19 Tarlac 45 295 418 5 Zambales (excluding Olongapo City) 20 220 205 177 Olongapo City 5 74 118 21

Region IVA – CALABARZON 1,343 10,296 7,610 363 Batangas 139 2,167 1,286 10 Cavite 402 1,523 1,216 10 Laguna 285 2,241 1,747 127 Quezon (excluding Lucena City) 215 1,757 1,550 0 Lucena City 5 63 160 15 Rizal 298 2,545 1,650 201

Region IVB – MIMAROPA 807 10,432 4,750 182 Marinduque 30 66 556 0 Occidental Mindoro 90 1,017 1,897 0 Oriental Mindoro 341 1,202 1,221 0 Palawan (excluding Puerto Princesa City) 316 7,134 640 0 Puerto Princesa City 10 849 112 182 Romblon 20 164 324 0

Region V – Bicol Region 369 11,482 3,693 20 Albay 50 535 763 0 Camarines Norte 35 768 367 0 Camarines Sur 66 751 1,072 15 Catanduanes - 132 25 0 Masbate 193 9,195 527 5 Sorsogon 25 100 939 0

Region VI – Western Visayas 1,040 6,634 3,166 207 Aklan 16 138 148 9 Antique 16 542 116 5 Capiz 96 814 195 0 Guimaras 188 296 59 10 Iloilo (excluding Iloilo City) 346 1,857 588 76 Iloilo City 14 205 205 19 Negros Occidental (excluding Bacolod City) 354 2,578 1,755 72 Bacolod City 10 203 100 15

Continued 22 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Type of fuel used for lighting Total Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Households Electricity Kerosene LPG

Region VII – Central Visayas 1,487,710 1,183,026 288,103 6,038 261,408 208,142 50,381 651 Cebu (excluding , Lapu-Lapu City and City) 565,583 468,239 91,147 2,166 Cebu City 195,461 183,680 9,819 979 Lapu-lapu City 80,913 74,167 5,725 418 Mandaue City 78,394 74,087 3,535 442 284,740 159,736 121,414 1,354 Siquijor 21,211 14,976 6,084 28

Region VIII – Eastern Visayas 865,657 667,084 184,838 6,158 34,224 28,955 4,960 73 90,041 70,208 17,109 975 Leyte (excluding City) 346,346 254,621 87,992 1,983 Tacloban City 1 45,478 42,001 2,993 282 113,980 79,893 31,213 1,674 Samar (Western Samar) 145,916 114,390 28,568 1,006 89,672 77,015 12,002 165

Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula 726,272 474,935 240,412 4,348 City of Isabela 20,294 16,736 3,279 149 Zamboanga del Norte 205,338 124,818 78,019 760 (excluding ) 203,402 110,015 90,772 780 Zamboanga City 175,050 147,277 24,418 1,753 Zamboanga Sibugay 122,188 76,089 43,923 906

Region X – Northern Mindanao 917,840 701,102 205,536 2,778 272,884 174,588 95,511 830 18,183 14,564 3,515 29 (excluding City) 122,868 89,326 29,694 609 Iligan City 67,965 59,312 8,208 213 125,244 98,029 26,169 317 (excluding City) 173,231 138,278 33,103 523 Cagayan de Oro City 137,465 127,005 9,335 256

Region XI – Davao Region 1,011,943 773,562 221,438 5,428 Compostela Valley 151,821 108,223 40,283 894 211,099 170,316 37,422 1,009 Davao del Sur (excluding ) 200,987 119,619 77,174 683 Davao City 334,473 297,322 32,887 1,623 113,563 78,083 33,672 1,220

Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN 916,038 628,221 268,637 5,791 City 55,171 47,290 5,103 698 Cotabato (North Cotabato) 271,784 158,911 107,987 1,894 108,622 62,668 43,683 610 (excluding City) 186,184 141,806 41,154 1,265 General Santos City (Dadiangas) 125,368 116,691 7,460 556 168,909 100,856 63,251 768

Continued POPULATION AND HOUSING 23

Table 1.2 -- Continued

Type of fuel used for lighting Not Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Oil Others None Reported

Region VII – Central Visayas 1,114 3,453 5,742 206 Bohol 222 1,197 788 28 Cebu (excluding Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu City and Mandaue City) 358 1,038 2,533 103 Cebu City 62 176 732 0 Lapu-lapu City 35 318 201 49 Mandaue City 19 86 204 5 Negros Oriental 394 608 1,215 20 Siquijor 25 30 69 0

Region VIII – Eastern Visayas 679 2,824 4,069 5 Biliran - 55 181 0 Eastern Samar 35 1,225 488 0 Leyte (excluding Tacloban City) 297 349 1,104 0 Tacloban City 1 10 75 117 0 Northern Samar 205 415 575 5 Samar (Western Samar) 116 582 1,253 0 Southern Leyte 15 122 351 0

Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula 822 3,297 2,458 0 City of Isabela 30 25 75 0 Zamboanga del Norte 279 688 773 0 Zamboanga del Sur (excluding Zamboanga City) 80 1,321 434 0 Zamboanga City 183 769 651 0 Zamboanga Sibugay 250 494 525 0

Region X – Northern Mindanao 532 4,941 2,931 20 Bukidnon 124 720 1,112 0 Camiguin - 25 49 0 Lanao del Norte (excluding Iligan City) 121 2,948 169 0 Iligan City 35 126 71 0 Misamis Occidental 55 305 369 0 Misamis Oriental (excluding Cagayan de Oro City) 143 469 709 6 Cagayan de Oro City 54 349 451 15

Region XI – Davao Region 550 6,540 3,508 918 Compostela Valley 134 1,891 396 0 Davao del Norte 56 855 1,441 0 Davao del Sur (excluding Davao City) 248 2,546 698 20 Davao City 90 1,006 646 898 Davao Oriental 21 241 326 0

Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN 1,704 7,281 2,975 1,434 204 260 198 1,424 Cotabato (North Cotabato) 445 1,678 865 5 Sarangani 313 1,061 282 5 South Cotabato (excluding General Santos City) 255 1,085 619 0 General Santos City (Dadiangas) 71 313 278 0 Sultan Kudarat 417 2,885 732 0

Continued 24 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.2 -- Concluded

Type of fuel used for lighting Total Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Households Electricity Kerosene LPG

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 538,941 301,841 207,950 9,231 (excluding City of Isabela) 51,552 27,262 22,020 1,442 143,786 125,958 11,443 1,084 (excluding Cotabato City) 157,715 73,760 72,742 2,449 Sulu 122,001 47,258 69,477 1,511 Tawi-Tawi 63,887 27,603 32,268 2,745

CARAGA 504,257 379,670 115,964 1,520 (excluding City) 68,051 52,511 14,578 111 Butuan City 65,642 54,830 10,272 295 Agusan del Sur 133,985 83,820 46,683 302 27,460 18,633 8,268 228 94,150 81,616 11,061 287 114,969 88,260 25,101 296

Type of fuel used for lighting Not Region/Province/Highly Urbanized City Oil Others None Reported

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 1,013 7,894 2,967 8,081 Basilan (excluding City of Isabela) 61 418 350 0 Lanao del Sur 149 761 163 4,238 Maguindanao (excluding Cotabato City) 359 2,901 1,686 3,842 Sulu 370 2,841 543 0 Tawi-Tawi 73 974 224 0

CARAGA 491 3,887 2,716 10 Agusan del Norte (excluding Butuan City) 46 382 422 0 Butuan City 15 69 155 5 Agusan del Sur 181 2,011 987 0 Dinagat Islands - 147 185 0 Surigao del Norte 25 625 532 5 Surigao del Sur 224 653 435 0

Source: National Statistics Office, 2010 Census of Population and Housing POPULATION AND HOUSING 25

TABLE 1.3 Comparative Construction Statistics by Type of Building Fourth Quarter 2010 and 2011

Type of Building Fourth Quarter Fourth Quarter Percent 2011 2010 Change

Total Number 24,610 22,879 7.6 Floor Area 4,676,304 5,264,579 (11.2) Value 43,756,145 47,799,487 (8.5)

Residential Number 17,451 16,697 4.5 Floor Area 2,638,974 2,994,185 (11.9) Value 24,301,811 26,153,292 (7.1) Average Cost per Floor Area 9,209 8,735 5.4

Single House Number 15,422 14,967 3.0 Floor Area 1,421,350 1,493,084 (4.8) Value 11,181,933 11,124,617 0.5 Average Cost per Floor Area 7,867 7,451 5.6

Duplex Number 494 317 55.8 Floor Area 53,609 50,580 6.0 Value 449,641 390,752 15.1 Average Cost per Floor Area 8,387 7,725 8.6

Apartment/Accessoria Number 1,443 1,317 9.6 Floor Area 458,874 480,630 (4.5) Value 3,237,221 3,156,382 2.6 Average Cost per Floor Area 7,055 6,567 7.4

Residential Condominium Number 35 48 (27.1) Floor Area 694,829 960,658 (27.7) Value 935,136 11,435,170 (18.2) Average Cost per Floor Area 13,459 11,903 13.1

Others Number 57 48 18.8 Floor Area 10,312 9,233 11.7 Value 81,478 46,369 75.7 Average Cost per Floor Area 7,901 5,022 57.3

Duplex/Residential/Condo/Others Number 586 413 41.9 Value 9,882,655 11,872,291 (16.8)

Continued 26 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 1.3 Concluded

Fourth Quarter Fourth Quarter Percent Type of Building 2011 2010 Change

Non-Residential Number 3,407 3,106 9.7 Floor Area 1,878,899 2,126,979 (11.7) Value 15,673,446 18,238,285 (14.1) Average Cost per Floor Area 8,342 8,575 (2.7)

Commercial Number 2,007 1,774 13.1 Floor Area 1,187,552 1,377,189 (13.8) Value 9,620,636 12,664,516 (24.0) Average Cost per Floor Area 8,101 9,196 (11.9)

Industrial Number 362 356 1.7 Floor Area 325,851 332,795 (2.1) Value 1,967,329 1,513,279 30.0 Average Cost per Floor Area 6,038 4,547 32.8

Institutional Number 584 525 11.2 Floor Area 286,369 301,994 (5.2) Value 3,397,257 3,503,925 (3.0) Average Cost per Floor Area 11,863 11,603 2.2

Agricultural Number 99 166 (40.4) Floor Area 79,127 115,001 (31.2) Value 304,278 238,911 27.4 Average Cost per Floor Area 3,845 2,077 85.1

Others Number 355 285 24.6 Floor Area Value 383,944 317,653 20.9 Average Cost per Floor Area

Additions and Alterations Repair Number 3,752 3,076 22.0 Floor Area Value 3,780,886 3,407,908 10.9 Average Cost per Floor Area

Additions Number 1,159 1,020 13.6 Floor Area 158,431 143,415 10.5 Value 1,329,382 1,066,480 24.7 Average Cost per Floor Area 8,391 7,436 12.8

Alterations/Repair Number 2,593 2,056 26.1 Floor Area Value 2,451,504 2,341,448 4.7 Average Cost per Floor Area Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics POPULATION AND HOUSING 27

TABLE 1.4 Number, Floor Area, and Value of New Construction by Type of Building and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2011 (Floor Area in Square Meters, Value in Thousand Pesos)

Total Residential Nonresidential Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 24,610 4,676,304 43,756,135 17,451 2,638,974 24,301,804 3,407 1,878,899 15,673,438 NCR 2,718 1,299,026 16,067,475 1,259 976,789 11,842,448 338 270,135 2,527,142 CAR 261 63,726 610,522 174 31,959 285,539 52 29,292 290,490 I - Ilocos Region 1,506 175,520 1,401,985 1,196 111,578 880,601 193 60,156 444,156 II - Cagayan Valley 528 56,502 469,787 413 31,401 247,338 71 23,463 202,330 III - Central Luzon 2,241 422,901 3,355,490 1,541 221,150 1,797,431 358 185,562 1,218,505 IVA - CALABARZON 5,489 800,027 6,085,992 4,092 527,126 3,923,605 482 237,704 1,680,845 IVB - MIMAROPA 319 38,904 264,529 216 21,468 127,696 86 16,586 126,419 V - Bicol Region 659 99,305 796,953 507 48,674 303,838 93 49,154 422,737 VI - Western Visayas 1,198 210,009 1,697,333 854 112,609 963,214 206 95,666 591,526 VII - Central Visayas 3,015 733,537 5,199,469 2,335 224,757 1,532,305 485 497,938 3,493,521 VIII - Eastern Visayas 527 79,991 815,650 301 32,752 241,215 140 45,821 518,861 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 783 64,565 463,382 593 32,577 192,440 125 27,818 221,053 X - Northern Mindanao 1,653 160,023 2,145,473 1,308 84,305 557,445 186 71,594 1,414,853 XI - Davao Region 2,027 261,637 3,042,636 1,399 102,373 962,304 280 141,121 1,695,630 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 618 118,590 887,634 385 38,305 255,278 178 78,628 597,032 XIII - Caraga 1,039 90,445 443,491 853 40,386 186,718 132 47,566 224,742 ARMM 29 1,596 8,334 25 765 2,389 2 695 3,596 ` Alterations Additions or Repairs Demolitions Street Furniture Num- Floor Num- Num- Num- ber AreaValue ber Value ber Value ber Value

Philippines 1,159 158,431 1,327,027 2,593 2,451,498 112 448 305 119,597 NCR 149 52,102 480,148 972 1,217,736 100 53 53 14,970 CAR 13 2,475 19,005 22 15,487 - - -- I - Ilocos Region 56 3,786 31,499 61 45,728 1 45 45 8,326 II - Cagayan Valley 15 1,638 8,030 29 12,088 1 3 3 6,100 III - Central Luzon 98 16,189 118,114 244 221,438 4 12 12 5,758 IVA - CALABARZON 549 35,197 263,585 366 217,956 1 15 96 28,043 IVB - MIMAROPA 6 850 5,288 11 5,124 - - - - V - Bicol Region 8 1,477 18,369 51 52,009 - - 1 1,310 VI - Western Visayas 11 1,734 8,514 127 134,079 2 20 30 9,404 VII - Central Visayas 50 10,842 81,934 145 91,708 - - 28 5,896 VIII - Eastern Visayas 16 1,418 9,746 70 45,827 1 100 7 771 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 24 4,170 32,872 41 17,015 - - 3 5,259 X - Northern Mindanao 32 4,124 58,257 127 114,916 - - 2 4,347 XI - Davao Region 96 18,143 171,183 252 213,517 2 200 4 20,147 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 11 1,657 8,846 44 26,478 - - 7 6,717 XIII - Caraga 23 2,493 11,637 31 20,392 - - 14 2,549 ARMM 2 136 2,348 ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics 28 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 1.5 Number of New Residential Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2011

Total Single Duplex/Quadruplex Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 17,451 2,638,974 24,301,811 15,422 1,421,350 11,181,933 494 53,609 449,641 NCR 1,259 976,789 11,842,448 875 161,766 1,531,494 50 12,794 122,235 CAR 174 31,959 285,539 160 24,364 215,402 1 355 3,070 I - Ilocos Region 1,196 111,578 880,601 1,156 101,649 795,210 8 936 7,639 II - Cagayan Valley 413 31,401 247,338 392 26,096 186,300 3 637 6,858 III - Central Luzon 1,541 221,150 1,797,431 1,309 168,058 1,416,692 48 4,919 40,060 IVA - CALABARZON 4,092 527,126 3,923,605 3,045 308,618 2,733,657 294 22,016 159,651 IVB - MIMAROPA 216 21,468 127,696 212 21,162 126,335 1 125 715 V - Bicol Region 507 48,674 303,838 504 47,411 290,624 1 35 482 VI - Western Visayas 854 112,609 963,214 836 102,585 883,036 7 656 7,108 VII - Central Visayas 2,335 224,757 1,532,305 2,223 171,164 1,106,770 26 5,681 48,297 VIII - Eastern Visayas 301 32,752 241,215 282 29,185 219,483 6 586 4,217 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 593 32,577 192,440 586 31,649 183,008 3 423 6049 X - Northern Mindanao 1,308 84,305 557,445 1,259 75,108 485,580 23 3093 32049 XI - Davao Region 1,399 102,373 962,304 1,340 76,532 585,805 18 782 8,528 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 385 38,305 255,278 371 35,428 239,434 4 531 2,527 XIII - Caraga 853 40,386 186,718 847 39,810 180,706 1 40 149 ARMM 25 765 2,389 25 765 2,389 - - - Apartment/Accessoria Residential Condominium Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 1,443 458,874 3,237,221 35 694,829 9,351,536 57 10,312 81,478 NCR 299 127,205 1,161,985 32 674,704 9,023,626 3 320 3,106 CAR 11 4,744 47,523 - - - 2 2,496 19,543 I - Ilocos Region 29 8,688 75,755 - - - 3 305 1,995 II - Cagayan Valley 18 4,668 54,179 ------III - Central Luzon 179 47,483 337,113 - - - 5 690 3,565 IVA - CALABARZON 745 195,852 1,026,212 - - - 8 640 4,082 IVB - MIMAROPA ------3 181 644 V - Bicol Region ------2 1,228 12,731 VI - Western Visayas 11 9,368 73,069 ------VII - Central Visayas 75 39,244 252,226 1 6,768 111,003 10 1,900 14,007 VIII - Eastern Visayas 11 2,617 14,661 - - - 2 364 2,853 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------4 505 3,382 X - Northern Mindanao 20 5,147 29,805 - - - 6 957 10,010 XI - Davao Region 34 11,320 147,805 1 13,157 216,033 6 582 4,132 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 9 2,146 12,443 1 200 872 - - - XIII - Caraga 2 392 4,440 - - - 3 144 1,422 ARMM ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics POPULATION AND HOUSING 29

TABLE 1.6 Number of New Non-Residential Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2011

Total Commercial Industrial Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 3,407 1,878,899 15,673,446 2,007 1,187,552 9,620,636 362 325,851 1,967,329 NCR 338 270,135 2,527,142 187 183,580 1,791,619 40 47,505 368,317 CAR 52 29,292 290,490 29 10,672 83,873 2 755 7,844 I - Ilocos Region 193 60,156 444,156 123 36,491 254,397 18 7,664 57,401 II - Cagayan Valley 71 23,463 202,330 37 11,494 81,217 8 3,735 16,518 III - Central Luzon 358 185,562 1,218,505 217 75,001 464,461 58 61,492 429,917 IVA - CALABARZON 482 237,704 1,680,845 268 94,623 682,435 52 59,754 261,455 IVB - MIMAROPA 86 16,586 126,419 36 6,108 51,816 8 4,397 28,151 V - Bicol Region 93 49,154 422,737 64 31,959 187,698 7 3,614 30,671 VI - Western Visayas 206 95,666 591,526 140 52,363 315,793 16 34,680 208,564 VII - Central Visayas 485 497,938 3,493,521 292 417,508 2,924,684 43 43,644 243,087 VIII - Eastern Visayas 140 45,821 518,861 70 23,035 164,441 11 3,442 16,443 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 125 27,818 221,053 77 15,933 131,128 8 5,172 34,224 X - Northern Mindanao 186 71,594 1,414,853 105 44,149 535,625 23 8,001 24,287 XI - Davao Region 280 141,121 1,695,630 159 94,196 1,334,387 38 23,688 158,403 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 178 78,628 597,032 128 53,969 458,039 21 14,335 74,267 XIII - Caraga 132 47,566 224,742 73 35,776 155,419 9 3,973 7,774 ARMM 2 695 3,596 2 695 3,596 - - - Institutional Agricultural Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Value

Philippines 584 286,369 3,397,257 99 79,127 304,278 355 383,944 NCR 43 39,050 319,059 - - - 68 48,145 CAR 18 17,865 196,476 - - - 3 2,297 I - Ilocos Region 23 7,505 75,826 11 8,496 39,911 18 16,619 II - Cagayan Valley 12 5,950 94,450 1 2,284 6,282 13 3,862 III - Central Luzon 48 25,033 218,791 15 24,036 87,238 20 18,096 IVA - CALABARZON 83 72,672 624,028 16 10,655 55,674 63 57,251 IVB - MIMAROPA 29 5,507 38,118 2 574 2,089 11 6,244 V - Bicol Region 17 13,281 200,863 3 300 1,338 2 2,165 VI - Western Visayas 23 7,510 51,237 4 1,113 3,169 23 12,760 VII - Central Visayas 89 24,384 218,965 17 12,402 64,152 44 42,632 VIII - Eastern Visayas 36 17,078 207,152 4 2,266 4,369 19 126,454 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 33 4,715 52,986 6 1,998 1,745 1 969 X - Northern Mindanao 32 13,735 819,431 8 5,709 18,454 18 17,054 XI - Davao Region 46 19,696 182,737 3 3,541 8,650 34 11,452 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 15 5,992 48,368 5 4,332 5,344 9 11,012 XIII - Caraga 37 6,396 48,764 4 1,421 5,858 9 6,924 ARMM ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics 30 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 1.7 Number of New Commercial Building Construction Started Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2011

Total Banks Hotel/Motel, etc Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 2,007 1,187,552 9,620,628 41 11,101 113,082 272 168,427 1,886,408 NCR 187 183,580 1,791,619 - - - 19 29,999 268,516 CAR 29 10,672 83,873 - - - 11 3,870 37,278 I - Ilocos Region 123 36,491 254,397 1 160 1,079 9 2,694 19,153 II - Cagayan Valley 37 11,494 81,217 2 383 5,028 2 1,805 14,301 III - Central Luzon 217 75,001 464,461 10 2,478 22,116 26 18,538 125,378 IVA - CALABARZON 268 94,623 682,435 6 1,038 8,214 20 11,080 96,602 IVB - MIMAROPA 36 6,108 51,816 2 296 4,889 11 2,155 21,231 V - Bicol Region 64 31,959 187,698 1 150 1,518 9 6,557 44,122 VI - Western Visayas 140 52,363 315,793 4 1,207 4,862 12 13,136 91,930 VII - Central Visayas 292 417,508 2,924,684 4 2,281 17,998 71 16,608 167,302 VIII - Eastern Visayas 70 23,035 164,441 - - - 5 3,665 38,630 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 77 15,933 131,128 1 391 9,500 8 3,315 23,438 X - Northern Mindanao 105 44,149 535,625 1 205 4,000 16 19,564 323,524 XI - Davao Region 159 94,196 1,334,387 2 1,067 15,214 27 21,179 450,528 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 128 53,969 458,039 5 1,030 12,296 21 11,201 152,034 XIII - Caraga 73 35,776 155,419 2 415 6,368 4 2,777 11,040 ARMM 2 695 3,596 - - - 1 284 1,401 Condominium/Office Building Store Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 398 625,591 4,771,873 898 298,701 2,248,067 398 83,732 601,189 NCR 72 109,294 1,144,679 62 33,566 286,303 34 10,721 92,120 CAR 4 1,896 14,632 8 3,319 19,429 6 1,587 12,532 I - Ilocos Region 9 2,168 15,474 68 23,853 167,239 36 7,616 51,450 II - Cagayan Valley 9 3,843 28,177 21 4,987 30,790 3 476 2,919 III - Central Luzon 53 24,120 135,753 86 21,370 127,143 42 8,495 54,069 IVA - CALABARZON 60 37,949 277,239 110 30,733 192,295 72 13,823 108,083 IVB - MIMAROPA 1 256 964 19 3,207 23,955 3 194 775 V - Bicol Region 8 6,308 41,426 37 16,425 80,687 9 2,519 19,943 VI - Western Visayas 19 11,317 56,872 80 22,691 131,352 25 4,012 30,775 VII - Central Visayas 42 369,363 2,571,251 119 21,451 114,825 56 7,805 53,306 VIII - Eastern Visayas 9 5,755 47,271 42 8,848 59,682 14 4,767 18,857 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 7 3,602 42,205 46 6,947 43,201 15 1,678 12,782 X - Northern Mindanao 20 12,978 113,560 46 6,572 48,444 22 4,830 46,096 XI - Davao Region 42 22,339 199,534 65 45,353 622,603 23 4,258 46,506 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 30 6,903 42,958 44 25,222 209,359 28 9,613 41,390 XIII - Caraga 13 7,500 39,870 44 23,746 88,559 10 1,338 9,580 ARMM - - - 1 411 2,195 - - -

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics POPULATION AND HOUSING 31

TABLE 1.8 Number of New Industrial Building Construction Floor Area and Value of Constructions by Type and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2011

Total Factory Repair Shop/Machine Shop Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 362 325,851 1,967,329 53 40,444 300,858 30 4,685 28,441 NCR 40 47,505 368,317 2 1,468 7,903 5 1,729 17,138 CAR 2 755 7,844 ------I - Ilocos Region 18 7,664 57,401 2 974 13,030 3 347 2,412 II - Cagayan Valley 8 3,735 16,518 ------III - Central Luzon 58 61,492 429,917 7 5,108 37,845 4 1,017 3,221 IVA - CALABARZON 52 59,754 261,455 6 13,845 73,542 3 314 1,116 IVB - MIMAROPA 8 4,397 28,151 ------V - Bicol Region 7 3,614 30,671 2 423 19,316 1 70 1,336 VI - Western Visayas 16 34,680 208,564 1 864 3,007 1 107 450 VII - Central Visayas 43 43,644 243,087 9 9,236 103,932 1 56 400 VIII - Eastern Visayas 11 3,442 16,443 ------IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 8 5,172 34,224 2 170 940 - - - X - Northern Mindanao 23 8,001 24,287 6 814 2,774 5 281 1,294 XI - Davao Region 38 23,688 158,403 14 6,541 36,087 3 128 303 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 21 14,335 74,267 1 41 209 1 249 397 XIII - Caraga 9 3,973 7,774 1 960 2,268 3 387 370 ARMM ------Refinery Printing Press Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 3 4,952 32,272 3 1,931 8,223 273 273,839 1,597,533 NCR ------33 44,308 343,275 CAR ------2 755 7,844 I - Ilocos Region - - - 1 72 315 12 6,271 41,643 II - Cagayan Valley ------8 3,735 16,518 III - Central Luzon ------47 55,367 388,850 IVA - CALABARZON 1 2,288 14,064 - - - 42 43,307 172,732 IVB - MIMAROPA ------8 4,397 28,151 V - Bicol Region ------4 3,121 10,018 VI - Western Visayas - - 1,118 - - - 13 33,509 203,988 VII - Central Visayas 1 200 17,090 - - - 32 31,888 121,664 VIII - Eastern Visayas - 2,464 - - - - 11 3,442 16,443 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------6 5,002 33,284 X - Northern Mindanao ------12 6,906 20,218 XI - Davao Region ------21 17,019 122,012 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN - - - 2 1,859 7,907 17 12,186 65,753 XIII - Caraga ------5 2,626 5,134 ARMM ------

Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

` Labor Force Survey Labor force – the population 15 January 2012 years old and over which contributes to the production of goods and services in the country; comprises the employed and unemployed

Employed – persons in the labor force who are reported as either at work or with a job or business although not at work; persons at work are those who did some work, even for an hour during the reference period

Unemployed – persons in the labor force who have no job or business during the reference period and are reportedly looking for work; their desire to work is sincere and they are, therefore, serious about working; also included are persons without a job or business who Concepts and Definitions are reportedly not looking for work because of the belief that no work was The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is available or because of temporary illness, a nationwide survey of households bad weather, or other valid reasons conducted quarterly by the National Statistics Office (NSO) to gather data on Underemployed – employed demographic and socioeconomic persons who express the desire to have characteristics of the population. Data additional hours of work in their present presented are based on the preliminary job or an additional job, or have a new job results of the January 2011 round of the with longer working hours LFS. Labor force participation rate For comparative purposes, aside (LFPR) – ratio of total labor force to the from the January 2012 results, the total household population 15 years old textual tables presented herein contain and over final estimates of the survey conducted in January 2011. Employment rate – proportion of employed persons to the total labor force The reference period used in the survey is the past seven days preceding Unemployment rate – proportion of the date of visit of the enumerator. unemployed persons to the total labor force

The concepts and definitions Underemployment rate – proportion of used in the survey can be found in the underemployed persons to total employed regular NSO – Integrated Survey of persons. Households (ISH) Bulletin. Some are given below:

32 LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 33

FIGURE 1 Employment Rate by Region: January 2012

100.0 97.5 96.4 96.6 97.1 98.0 96.3 95.6 96.0 96.0 94.4 93.5 93.7 93.4 94.0 92.8 92.5 91.1 91.7 92.0 90.5 90.0 88.8 88.0 86.0

Number (In percent) (In Number 84.0 I II V X III VI IX XI

XII VII VIII IVA IVB CAR NCR ARMM

Caraga Region

Analysis of Tables estimated 62.7 million population 15 years and older. Compared to the labor force Employment rate remains stable at participation rate in January 2011 92.8 percent (63.7%), the January 2011 is higher by 0.5 percent (Table 2.1). The employment rate estimated for January 2012 was 92.8 percent. This NCR records the lowest employment implies that nine in every 10 persons in rate the labor force were employed in January 2012. The current figure is not Employment rates in the National significantly different from the estimate Capital Region (NCR) (88.8%), Ilocos reported in January last year, which was Region (91.1%) and CALABARZON also 92.6 percent (Table 2.1). (91.7%) were lower than in all other regions. As in previous LFS, the NCR Labor force participation remains recorded the lowest employment rate. In steady at 64.2 percent terms of the labor force participation rate, the Autonomous Region in Muslim The January 2012 LFS placed the Mindanao (ARMM) (55.7%), Ilocos Region labor force participation rate (LFPR) at (60.8%), Central Luzon (62.3%), Eastern 64.2 percent. This means that the size of Visayas (62.7%) and the Western Visayas the labor force in January 2012 was 62.8 posted lower rates compared to the approximately 40.2 million out of the rest of the regions (Table 2.4).

FIGURE 2 Labor Force Participation Rate by Region: January 2012

80.0 69.9 69.1 66.6 68.9 66.7 70.0 66.0 64.2 63.9 65.9 64.6 64.6 63.4 60.8 62.3 62.8 62.7 57.6 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Number (Inpercent) 10.0 0.0

Re gion

34 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Bulk of workers are employed in the industry sector, with the manufacturing services sector sub-sector making up the largest percentage (8.1% of the total employed) FIGURE 3 Employed Persons (Table 2.2). by Industry: January 2012 Laborers and unskilled workers

comprise the biggest group

Among the various occupation Industry 14.7% groups, laborers and unskilled workers comprised the largest group, posting 32.1 percent of the total employed persons in January 2012. Farmers, forestry workers Services Agriculture 52.7% and fishermen were the second largest 32.6% group, accounting for 15.4 percent of the total employed population (Table 2.2).

Wage and salary workers are more than half of those employed

Employed persons fall into any of More than half (52.7%) of the these categories: wage and salary total employed persons in January 2012, workers, own account workers and which was estimated at 37.4 million, unpaid family workers. Wage and salary worked in the services sector, with those workers are those who work for private engaged in wholesale and retail trade, households, private establishments, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles government or government corporations comprising the largest sub-sector and those who work with pay in own- (19.3% of the total employed). Workers family operated farm or business. More in the agriculture sector comprised 32.6 than half (54.8%) of the employed persons percent of the total employed, with were wage and salary workers, self- workers in agriculture; hunting and employed workers without any paid forestry making up the largest sub-sector employee constituted 30.1 percent of the (26.7% of the total employed). Only 14.7 total employed, and 11.5 percent were percent of the total employed were in the unpaid family workers. Among the wage

FIGURE 4 Employed Persons by Occupation Group: January 2012

35.0 32.1

30.0

25.0

20.0 15.4 14.0 15.0 11.0 10.0 7.2 6.2 5.7 4.9

Number (In percent) (In Number 5.0 3.0 0.5 - Laborers Farmers, Officials Service Trades and Plant and Clerks Professionals Technicians Special and forestry of government workers related machine and occupations unskilled and special and shop workers, workers operators associate workers and interest and professionals fisherman organizations, market and corporate sales assemblers executives, workers managers, managing proprietors and supervisors

Type of Occupation

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 35

and salary workers, those working for underemployed. The January 2012 LFS private establishments comprised the placed the underemployment rate at 18.8 largest proportion (41.6% of the total percent. This means that approximately employed). Government workers or 7.03 million employed persons were those working for government underemployed in January 2011. This corporations comprised only 8.2 percent was lower than with 2011 survey round of the total employed, while 4.8 percent which reported 7.05 million unemployed were workers in private households. (Table 2.3). Meanwhile, employers in own-family operated farm or business made up 3.6 More than half (59.0%) of the total percent share (Table 2.2). underemployed were reported as visibly underemployed or working for less than FIGURE 5 Employed Persons 40 hours during the reference week. by Class of Worker: January 2012 Those working for 40 hours or more 60 54.8 accounted for 37.0 percent of the total underemployed. Most of the 50 underemployed were working in the 40 agriculture sector (43.8%) and services 30.1 30 sector (40.5%). The underemployed in the Number 20 industry sector accounted for 15.7 percent 11. 5 (Table 2.3). 10 3.6

0 Proportion of unemployed persons to the labor force was recorded at 7.2 percent

Class of Worker The unemployment rate in January 2012 was estimated at 7.2 percent. This Six in every ten employed work for 40 placed the number of unemployed hours or more persons at 2.9 million. In the same month last year, the estimate was 7.4 percent.. Employed persons are classified Among the regions, the highest as either full-time workers or part-time unemployment rate was recorded in the workers. Full-time workers are those NCR at 11.2 percent. The next highest who work for 40 hours or more while rates were posted in Central Luzon (9.5%) part-time workers work for less than 40 and Ilocos Region (8.9%). hours. In January 2012, six in every 10 employed persons (62.1%) were The number of unemployed was working for 40 hours or more, while part- higher among males (63.6%) than among time workers were estimated at 36.7 females (36.4%). By age group, for every percent of the total employed (Table 10 unemployed persons, five (48.5%) 2.2). belonged to age group 15-24 years while three (30.2%) were in the age group 25- Number of underemployed persons 34. down by 0.6 percent Across educational groups, among Employed persons who express the unemployed, the high school the desire to have additional hours of graduates comprised one-third (33.7%), the college undergraduates comprised work in their present job or to have about one-fifth (13.5%), while the college additional job, or to have a new job with graduates, 17.6 percent (Table 2.3). longer working hours are considered

36 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Labor Relations Actual strike - any temporary and Concerns stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an industrial or The labor sector faces a lot of labor dispute; may include slowdown, legitimate concerns that need to be mass leave, attempts to damage, destroy addressed. Displaced workers left and or sabotage plant equipment and facilities right, retrenchment, strikes and lockouts and similar activities and even closures of establishments are just some of the bleak features in the Lockout - the temporary refusal of labor scenario. However, with the an employer to furnish work for his determination of the current dispensation employees as a result of an industrial or to provide the push and the help, a more labor dispute; it comprises shutdown, encouraging atmosphere might be in mass retrenchment and dismissal without stead. previous written clearance from the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his The Department of Labor and duly authorized representative Employment (DOLE) takes the lead in Mandays lost - computed by formulating and directing the nation’s multiplying the number of workers labor policies and programs. Its mission involved in the strike or lockout by the total includes the promotion of social justice number of working days lost or idled due and protection of human rights and to strike or lockout respect for human dignity in labor by ensuring workers’ protection and welfare. Disposition rate - the ratio of the The department also aims to promote full total cases disposed to the total number of employment and manpower development cases handled as well as to maintain industrial peace through enhancement of Settlement rate - the ratio of the workers’ participation in policymaking. total cases settled to the total number of cases handled Source of Information Preventive mediation case - This section presents an overview subject of a formal or informal request for of the current labor condition in the conciliation and mediation assistance country. Data presented were derived sought by either or both parties to avoid from the DOLE. Analyses were based on the occurrence of actual labor dispute 2010 and first quarter 2011 figures culled by DOLE’s Bureau of Labor and Voluntary arbitration - the mode Employment Statistics (BLES). of settling labor-management disputes by which the parties select a competent,

trained, and impartial person who shall Definition of Terms decide on the merits of the case and

whose decision is final, executory, and Strike notice - the notification unappealable filed by a duly registered labor union with the respective National Conciliation and Conciliation case - an actual or Mediation Board (NCMB) regional existing labor dispute, which is subject of branches about its intention to go on a notice of strike or lockout or actual strike strike because of alleged commission by or lockout case, filed with the appropriate NCMB regional branches the employer of unfair labor practice acts or because of deadlock in collective bargaining negotiations

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 37

Conciliation or mediation – with 9 cases (20.9%). The rest of the mode of settlement bringing together the regions reported total shares 23.3 percent. two parties in a dispute to come to negotiations and settlement of the Original preventive mediation cases dispute. filed down by 23.0 percent

Analysis of Tables Original preventive mediation cases filed numbered 114 cases in the Strike and lock out notices decrease first quarter 2012 from 148 cases in the by 28.1 percent same period in 2011 to register a 23.0 percent decrease. Number of new strike and lockout notices filed numbered 42 in the first Cases handled went down by 41, quarter of 2012 compared to 2011’s tally from 199 to 158. On the contrary, the of 59, for a decrease of 28.1 percent. workers involved increased to 40,000 from 36,000 for the period under review. Cases handled, including pending notices, similarly, reached 80, which is A total of 137 voluntary arbitration significantly lower compare to the cases were facilitated and monitored in previous year tally of 93. The settlement the first quarter 2012 from 114 cases in rate stood at 60.0 percent. Workers the same period of 2011 or a increase of involved in new notices filed went down 20.2 percent. Of these cases, 37 (27.0%) by nine thousand (5,000) in the period were disposed either by decision, under review (Table 2.5). amicable settlement or withdrawal (Table 2.7). CALABARZON accounts for bulk of strike and lockout notices Original mediation-arbitration cases handled up 5.5 percent The National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB) reported a There were 96 original mediation- total of 38 cases of strike notices, actual arbitration cases handled by the BLR in strikes, and mediation. Of these, the the first quarter 2012 period. This was a CALABARZON accounted for 14 decrease of five (5.5%) cases in the (36.84%) of all new strike and lockout same period in 2011. The disposition rate notices filed. NCR was second with 11 of these cases decreased by 5.1 notices (28.95%) while the Caraga had percentage points from 41.8 to 46.9 six notices (11.8%) to take third place percent (Table 2.8). (Table 2.6). Pending and beginning appealed NCR and CALABARZON account for mediation-arbitration cases decrease 55.8 percent of pending and beginning by 35.3 percent preventive mediation cases In the first quarter 2012, there Table 2.6 shows a total of 43 were 22 pending and beginning appealed pending and beginning cases in the mediation-arbitration cases handled. This period under review. was a 35.3 percent decrease from the 34 cases recorded in 2011. However, the By region, NCR and disposition rate for these cases similarly CALABARZON reported the bulk of the increased to 13.0 percent from 8.8 percent total pending and beginning preventive (Table 2.8). mediation cases with 12 cases each (55.8%) while Davao Region was third

38 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.1 Comparative Labor Statistics: January 2011 and 2012

January 2012 January 2011

Total 15 years old and over (in '000) 62,689 61,531 Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 64.2 63.7 Employment Rate (%) 92.8 92.6 Unemployment Rate (%) 7.2 7.4 Underemployment Rate (%) 18.8 19.4

Notes: Estimates for January 2012 are preliminary and may change. Figures were estimated using the 2000 Census-based Population Projections.

Source: National Statistics Office, January 2012 Labor Force Survey TABLE 2.2 Employed Persons by Industry, Occupation, Class of Worker and Hours Worked: January 2012 (In percent)

Selected Indicators January 2012

Employed persons Number (in thousands) 37,394

Industry Sector Total 100.0 Agriculture 32.6 Agriculture, hunting and forestry 28.7 Fishing 3.9 Industry 14.7 Mining and quarrying 0.6 Manufacturing 8.1 Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply 0.3 Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 0.5 Construction 5.6

Continued LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 39

Table 2.2 -- Continued

Selected Indicators January 2012

Services 52.7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 19.3 Transportation and storage 6.9 Accomodation and food service activities 3.2 Information and communication 0.9 Financial and insurance activities 1.3 Real estate activities 0.4 Professional, scientific and technical activities 0.5 Administrative and support service activities 2.3 Public administration and defence; compulsary social security 5.0 Education 3.4 Human health and social work activities 1.2 Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.9 Other service activities 2.3 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods 4.9 and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies *

Occupation Total 100.0 Officials of government and special interest organizations corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors andid supervisors 14.0 Professionals 4.9 Technicians and associate professionals 3.0 Clerks 5.7 Service workers and shop and market sales workers 11.0 Farmers, forestry workers, and fishermen 15.4 Trades and related workers 7.2 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 6.2 Laborers and unskilled workers 32.1 Special occupations 0.5

Class of worker Total 100.0 Wage and salary workers 54.8 Worked for private household 4.8 Worked for private establishment 41.6 Worked for government or government corporation 8.2 Worked with pay in own-family operated farm or business 0.3 Self-employed without any paid employee 30.1 Employer in own-family operated farm or business 3.6 Worked without pay in own-family operated farm or business 11.5

Continued 40 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 2.2 -- Concluded

Hours worked Total 100.0 Working: Less than 40 hours 36.7 40 hours and over 62.1 Did not work 1.2 Mean hours worked 40.6

Notes: Estimates for January 2012 are preliminary and may change. * - Less than 0.1 percent 1/ - Starting January 2012 Labor Force Survey (LFS), the codes of industry adopted the 2009 Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC). Prior to this, codes for industry used the 1994 PSIC.

Source: National Statistics Office, January 2012 Labor Force Survey

TABLE 2.3 Underemployed Persons by Hours Worked and Industry, and Unemployed Persons by Age Group, Sex, and Highest Grade Completed: January 2011 and January 2012

Selected Indicators January 2012 January 2011

Underemployed persons Number (in thousands) 7,030 7,050

Hours worked Total 100.0 100.0 Worked less than 40 hours 59.0 60.5 Worked 40 hours and over 38.8 37.0 Did not work 2.1 2.5

Industry sector Total 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 43.8 44.8 Industry 15.7 14.8 Services 40.5 40.4

Unemployed persons Number (in thousands) 2,922 2,917

Age group Total 100.0 100.0 15 - 24 48.5 48.9 25 - 34 30.2 30.5 35 - 44 10.4 10.6 45 - 54 6.6 6.4 55 - 64 3.6 3.0 65 and Over 0.7 0.7 Not reported *-

Continued LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 41

Table 2.3 -- Concluded

Selected Indicators January 2012 January 2011

Male 63.6 62.7 Female 36.4 37.3

Highest grade completed Total 100.0 100.0 No grade completed 0.4 0.3 Elementary 13.4 13.6 Undergraduate 5.9 6.2 Graduate 7.5 7.4 High school 45.9 47.0 Undergraduate 12.2 12.0 Graduate 33.7 35.1 Post secondary 9.0 - Undergraduate 3.0 - Graduate 6.0 - College 31.3 39.1 Undergraduate 13.5 19.8 Graduate 17.8 19.3

Notes: Estimates for January 2012 are preliminary and may change. * - Less than 0.1 percent 1/ - Starting January 2012 Labor Force Survey (LFS), the codes of industry adopted the 2009 Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC). Prior to this, codes for industry used the 1994 PSIC.

Source: National Statistics Office, January 2012 Labor Force Survey 42 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.4 Rates of Labor Force Participation, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment by Region: January 2012 (In percent)

Labor Force Employment Unemployment Underemployment RegionParticipation Rate Rate Rate Rate

Philippines 64.2 92.8 7.2 18.8

NCR 63.4 88.8 11.2 14.4 CAR 69.1 94.4 5.6 17.4 I - Ilocos Region 60.8 91.1 8.9 13.5 II - Cagayan Valley 66.0 97.5 2.5 11.0 III - Central Luzon 62.3 90.5 9.5 11.6 IVA - CALABARZON 64.2 91.7 8.3 17.8 IVB - MIMAROPA 69.9 96.4 3.6 21.5 V - Bicol Region 63.9 92.8 7.2 34.8 VI - Western Visayas 62.8 93.6 6.4 21.3 VII - Central Visayas 65.9 92.5 7.5 20.4 VIII - Eastern Visayas 62.7 93.5 6.5 21.9 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 66.6 96.3 3.7 26.3 X - Northern Mindanao 68.9 95.6 4.4 26.6 XI - Davao Region 66.7 93.7 6.3 15.0 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 64.6 96.0 4.0 21.4 Caraga 64.5 93.4 6.6 21.9 ARMM 57.6 97.1 2.9 12.5

Notes: Estimates for January 2012 are preliminary and may change. Figures were estimated using the 2000 Census-based Population Projections.

Source: National Statistics Office, January 2012 Labor Force Survey LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 43

TABLE 2.5 Strike and Lockout Notices and Actual Strikes and Lockouts First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Indicator First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011

Strike and lockout notices

Cases pending, beginning 38 34 New notices filed 42 59 Cases handled 80 93 Cases disposed 53 61 Settled 48 52 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary - 4 Certified for compulsory arbitration 4 1 Treated as preventive mediation case - - Other modes of disposition 1 3 Materialized into actual strikes or lockouts - 1 Workers involved in new notices filed (000) 5 14 Disposition rate (%) 66.3 65.6 Settlement rate (%) 60.0 55.9

Actual strikes and lockouts

Cases pending, beginning - - New strikes declared 1 -1 Cases handled -1 Work normalized -1 Settled -- Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary - - Certified for compulsory arbitration - 1 Other modes of disposition - - Workers involved in new strikes declared - 128 Mandays lost from on-going strikes (000) - * Disposition rate (%) - 100.0 Settlement rate (%) --

Notes : Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. 1 Includes actual strikes and lockouts without notices. * Less than 500

p Preliminary Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board 44 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.6 Strike and Lockout Notices, Actual Strikes and Lockouts, and Preventive Mediation Cases by Region: January to March 2012

I II III IV-A IV-B V Indicator Philippines NCR CAR Ilocos Cagayan Central CALABARZON MIMAROPA Bicol Region Valley Luzon Region

Strike/lockout notices

Pending, beginning 38 11 - - - - 14 - - New notices filed 41 16 1 - - 9 4 - - Cases handled 79 27 1 - - 9 18 - - Cases disposed 52 20 1 - - 5 16 - - Cases settled 47 19 1 - - 3 15 - - Cases which materialized into actual strikes or lockouts ------Workers involved in new notices filed 5,489 1,761 140 - - 1,098 261 - - Disposition rate (%) 65.8 74.1 100.0 - - 55.6 88.9 - - Settlement rate (%) 59.5 70.4 100.0 - - 33.3 83.3 - -

Actual strikes and lockouts Pending, beginning ------New strikes declared ------Cases handled ------Cases disposed ------Cases settled ------Workers involved in new strikes declared ------Mandays lost from on-going strikes ------Disposition rate (%) ------Settlement rate (%) ------

Preventive mediation cases Pending, beginning 43 12 - - - 3 12 - 1 Original preventive mediation cases filed 98 36 2 2 - 17 19 - 1 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases ------Cases handled 141 48 2 2 - 20 31 - 2 Cases Disposed 99 35 2 2 - 18 19 - 2 Cases settled 97 33 2 2 - 18 19 - 2 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed 36,824 8,025 807 536 - 6,468 11,770 - 92 Disposition rate (%) 70.2 72.9 100.0 100.0 - 90.0 61.3 - 100.0 Settlement rate (%) 68.8 68.8 100.0 100.0 - 90.0 61.3 - 100.0

Continued LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 45

Table 2.6 -- Concluded

VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Indicator Western Central Eastern Zamboanga Northern Davao SOCCSKSARGEN Caraga Visayas Visayas Visayas Peninsula Mindanao Region

Strike and lockout notices

Pending, beginning -1 - - 22 26 New notices filed - 1 2 - - 1 - 7 Cases handled - 2 2 - 2 3 2 13 Cases disposed - 2 2 - 2 2 - 2 Cases settled - 1 2 - 2 2 - 2 Cases which materialized into actual strikes or lockouts ------Workers involved in new notices filed - 64 239 - - 226 - 1,700 Disposition rate (%) - 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 66.7 - 15.4 Settlement rate (%) - 50.0 100.0 - 100.0 66.7 - 15.4

Actual strikes and lockouts Pending, beginning ------New strikes declared ------Cases handled ------Work normalized ------Cases settled ------Workers involved in new strikes declared ------Mandays lost from on-going strikes ------Disposition rate (%) ------Settlement rate (%) ------

Preventive mediation cases Pending, beginning 4- - - 19 1- Original preventive mediation cases filed 3 8 - - 4 4 1 1 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases ------Cases handled 7 8 - - 5 13 2 1 Cases disposed 4 6 - - 4 7 - - Cases settled 4 6 - - 4 7 - - Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed 5,226 2,649 - - 381 603 84 183 Disposition rate (%) 57.1 75.0 - - 80.0 53.8 - - Settlement rate (%) 57.1 75.0 - - 80.0 53.8 - -

Note: New strikes declared include actual strikes/lockouts without notices. Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board 46 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 2.7 Preventive Mediation Cases and Voluntary Arbitration Cases First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Indicator First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011

Preventive mediation cases Cases pending, beginning 43 50 Original preventive mediation cases filed 114 148 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases 11 Cases handled 158 199 Cases disposed 118 143 Settled 113 136 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary - - Certified for compulsory arbitration - - Referred to compulsory arbitration - - Referred to voluntary arbitration - - Materialized into notices of strikes and lockouts and actual strikes and lockouts 5 6 Other modes of disposition -1 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed (000) 40 36 Disposition rate (%) 74.7 71.9 Settlement rate (%) 71.5 68.3

Voluntary arbitration cases Cases pending, beginning 85 69 New cases facilitated/monitored 52 45 Total cases facilitated/monitored 137 114 Cases disposed 37 34 Decided 31 29 Settled amicably 53 Withdrawn/dropped 12 Disposition rate (%) 27.0 29.8

Notes : Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.

Definitions: Disposition rate (%) = Cases disposed/cases handled x 100. Settlement rate (%) = Cases settled/cases handled x 100. Voluntary arbitration - mode of settling labor-management disputes by which the parties select a competent, trained and impartial person who shall decide on the merits of the cases and whose decision is final, executory and unappealable.

Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 47

TABLE 2.8 Original and Appealed Mediation-Arbitration Cases and Money Claims First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Indicator First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011

Original med-arbitration cases (BLR and DOLE Regional offices)

Cases pending, beginning 22 34 Cases newly filed 74 57 Cases handled 96 91 Cases disposed 45 38 Petitions granted 31 21 Withdrawn/dismissed 14 17 Disposition rate (%) 46.9 41.8

Appealed med-arbitration cases (BLR and OS)

Cases pending, beginning 11 13 Cases newly filed 35 21 Cases handled 46 34 Cases disposed 63 Disposition rate (%) 13.0 8.8

Notes : Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. P Preliminary 1 Revised based on inventory of cases.

Source: Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR), Statistical and Performance Reporting System (SPRS), Office of the Secretary (OS) Section III – TRAVEL AND TOURISM

Visitor Arrivals and organizations, it aims to break down to the Philippines fundamental barriers to tourism growth and works to minimize the impediments Second Quarter 2012 to realizing a better tourism scenario.

The year 2012 marks the second year of the National Tourism Development Plan consistent to the Aquino administration’s Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016. Realizing the potential to boost the country’s economy, the government takes an aggressive strategic move to develop tourism as a powerful economic growth engine in sustainable manner with the ultimate goal of attaining 10 million international visitors and 35.5 million domestic travelers that could translate to 6.8 million people being employed in the year 2016.

Panagbenga Festival is a month-long annual The objective of the strengthening flower festival occurring in Baguio, the summer capital of the Philippines. Aside from being the Philippine strategic planning process economic boosts from tourism, the festival also produces three strategic directions which helps the younger generation of indigenous people are: to rediscover their culture's old traditions. 1. Develop and market competitive Introduction products and destinations

In the past years, the 2. Improve market access, government’s stance in developing a connectivity and destination more sustainable tourism industry has infrastructure certainly paid off. Not only has the Philippines become one of the most 3. Improve tourism institutional frequently visited tourist spots in Asia, governance and human today’s revitalized industry also provides resources. additional jobs for Filipinos without compromising the integrity of local DOT’s market-product analysis diversity and culture. recommends prioritizing nine tourism products towards enriching the tourist The Department of Tourism experience and boosting product (DOT) takes the lead in furthering the diversification. The nine tourism products position of the country as a favored travel namely (1) Nature Tourism, (2) Cultural destination. Along with other agencies Tourism, (3) Sun and Beach Tourism, (4)

48 TRAVEL AND TOURISM 49

Leisure and Entertainment, (5) MICE and ♦ Filipino nationals or overseas Events Tourism, (6) Health, Wellness Filipinos residing permanently abroad and Retirement Tourism, (7) Cruise and who are on temporary stay in the Nautical Tourism, (8) Diving and Marine Philippines not exceeding one year. Sports Tourism and (9) Education These exclude overseas contract Tourism will serve as the official workers. Philippines Product Portfolio. However, the following are excluded in the visitor headcount: Source of Information ♦ Transit visitors and change-plane Statistics presented in this section passengers who remain in the deal on the travel of visitors to the premises of the port of entry terminal Philippines taken from arrival ♦ Aliens with prearranged employment and departure cards and shipping for renumeration in the Philippines, manifests of the DOT. and aliens studying in the country regardless of length of stay ♦ Filipinos living abroad, regardless of Definition of Terms length of stay overseas who are not permanent residents abroad Visitor – any person visiting the ♦ Immigrants or aliens (expatriates) Philippines for any reason other than who are permanently residing in the following an occupation renumerated Philippines from within the country and whose ♦ Filipino overseas contract workers on residence is not the Philippines (World home visits, and Tourism Organization) ♦ Returning residents of the

Philippines. There are two types of visitors under this definition, namely tourist and excursionist, defined as follows: Analysis of Tables

Tourist – temporary visitor Visitor arrivals up by 13.0 percent staying at least 24 hours in the country for a purpose classified as either holiday For the second quarter (April to (recreation, leisure, sport, and visit to June) of 2012, aggregate visitor arrivals family, friends or relatives), business, reached 995,434. This was 65,535 official mission, convention, or health bigger compared to 929,899 arrivals reasons registered in the second quarter of 2011, translated to an increase of 7.0 percent Excursionist – temporary visitor (Table 3.1). staying less than 24 hours in the country Asian visitors comprise more than Based on the above definitions, half of total visitor arrivals the following are included in the visitor headcount: DOT’s arrival statistics showed Asia leading other continents as it ♦ Aliens entering the country for a accounted for 578,785 or 57.1 percent of temporary stay not exceeding one the aggregate arrivals in the second year and for purposes other than quarter of 2012. This was a 9.5 percent immigration, permanent residence or increase from second quarter 2011’s employment for renumeration in the 519,352 arrivals. East Asia has the lion country, and share of total visitor arrivals among Asian

50 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

regions with 444,727 (44.7%). Compared arrivals, posted 4.0 percent increase in with the second quarter 2011 output of the period under review. From 55,110 404,441, figure rose by 10.0 percent. arrivals in the second quarter of 2011 it went up to 57,299 arrivals in the same Arrivals from North America period of 2012 (Table 3.1). totaled 204,107 or 20.5 percent of the aggregate figure to register second. This Month-on-month growth rate up by was an increase of 3.7 percent from 10.2 percent second quarter 2011’s 196,904 arrivals. Among its countries, the United States of The month-on-month growth rate America (USA) accounted for the bulk or for June 2012 and June 2011 posted a 17.5 percent (174,698) of the total 10.2 percent increase. There were inbound traffic. increases in the total volume of visitors from four of the regions with Asia FIGURE 1 Visitor Arrivals by Region contributing additional visitor arrivals of Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 7,546 compared to 2011 second quarter of 185,119 which is translated to 10.2 700 percent improvement. Similarly number of returning overseas Filipinos improved 600 2012 by 5.6 percent. Notable increases were recorded by South America and Europe 500 2011 with 16.6 percent and 8.6 percent, 400 respectively (Table 3.2).

300 Korea is the country’s leading visitor

200 FIGURE 2 Top Ten Travel Markets

Number (In thousands) Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 100

0

25.3 Unit ed Kingdom 25.5 27.4 Canada 29.0 Region 28.5 Ho ng Ko ng 2011 29.0 33.8 Singapore 2012 37.0 Europe with 92,593 arrivals, 42.3 Australia registered third with 9.3 percent share of 42.3 51.1 China total arrivals. It marked a 9.3 percent 54.3 Country 43.0 increase from 84,730 arrivals in the Taiwan second quarter of 2011. 56.5 80.7 Japan 90.9 169.2 Africa registered the least number USA 174 . 7 of arrivals among the continents. Its 201.2 Korea share to the aggregate arrival figure was 209.7 a measly 0.1 percent (Table 3.1). 04080120 160 200 240 Volume (In thousands)

Overseas Filipino arrivals post 4.0 percent increase Korea remained the distinction as the country’s biggest travel market as it Overseas Filipinos, who accounted for 209,654 arrivals equivalent comprised 5.8 percent of the total to 21.1 percent share. The USA stayed

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 51

at second with 174,698 arrivals for a 17.5 FIGURE 3 Average Occupancy Rates percent share, while Japan also stayed of Hotels in Metro Manila by Classification put on third with 90,946 arrivals Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 (9.1%).

80.00 72.4 69.3 Taiwan snatched fourth place 70.00 65.1 62.8 61.0 with 56,524 visitor arrivals while China 58.7 60.00 55.1 56.6 slipped at fifth place, posting 54,294 visitor arrivals. Australia (44,997), 50.00 Singapore (37,040), Hong Kong 40.00 (28,990), Canada (28,986) and United 30.00

Kingdom (25,481) remained at sixth, rate Occupancy 20.00 seventh, eight, ninth, and tenth respectively. 10.00 0.00 One hundred percent of the top De luxe First ClassStandard Economy ten travel markets reported increases in Hotel classification arrival volume. Taiwan registered the highest improvement among the Top 10 De Luxe Hotels Travel Markets registering 31.5 percent. Japan posted the second highest De Luxe hotels’ occupancy rate improvement with 12.7 followed by Hong remained stable at 69.27 in the second Kong with 9.7 percent third highest quarter of 2012 lower by 3.08 percent improvement. than in 2011 of the same period. The average length of stay decreased by The 751,610 arrivals from these 0.07 percentage points, as April to June ten countries accounted for 75.5 percent 2011’s average of 3.12 nights declined to of the total arrival figure (Table 3.3 and 3.05 nights in April to June of 2012 Figure 2). (Table 3.4).

First Class Hotels Hotel Accommodations and Visitors’ Average Average occupancy rate for first class hotels in April to June of 2012 was Length of Stay 55.10, a decrease of 3.60 percentage Second Quarter 2012 points from the 58.70 average recorded in April to June of 2011. Similarly, the In April to June of 2012, the average length of stay was shorter in overall average occupancy rate of hotels April to June of 2012. From 2.40 nights decreased by 3.37 percentage points. in April to June of 2011, it decreased to From the 64.30 percent occupancy level 2.23 nights (0.06 percentage points) recorded in April to June of 2011, the (Table 3.4). figure went down by 60.93 percent in the same period of 2012. The average length Standard Hotels of stay of guests in these hotels was 2.45 nights, as against that of 2011’s 2.48 In April to June of 2012, the nights, a difference of 0.03 percentage average occupancy rate of standard points (Table 3.4). hotels slipped to 62.77, translated to a 2.32 percentage points decrease compared to the 65.09 average occupancy rate registered in April to

52 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

June of 2011. However, the average length of stay went up by 0.05 percentage points from 2.43 nights to 2.48 nights in the period under review.

FIGURE 4 Overall Average Length of Stay (in nights) of Guests in Accredited Hotels in Metro Manila Second Quarter 2011 and 2012 3.50 3.05 3.12 3.00 2.40 2.48 2.43 2.50 2.23 2.03 1. 9 6 2.00 1.50

1.00

Length of stay (in nights) (in of stay Length 0.50

0.00 De luxe First Class Standard Economy Hotel classification

Economy Hotels

The 56.57 rate of occupancy of economy hotels for April to June of 2012 was 4.7 percentage points, lower than the 61.04 occupancy level recorded for the same period in 2011. The average length of stay however significantly increased from 1.96 nights to 2.03 nights (Table 3.4).

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 53

TABLE 3.1 Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence Second Quarter 2011 and 2012

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence Second Quarter Second Quarter Increase/ 2012 2011 (Decrease)

GRAND TOTAL 995,434 929,899 7.0

Overseas Filipinos* 57,299 55,110 4.0

Asia 568,785 519,352 9.5 ASEAN 89,994 82,942 8.5 Brunei 1,262 1,340 (5.8) Cambodia 791 735 7.6 Indonesia 8,537 8,867 (3.7) Laos 378 230 64.3 Malaysia 25,461 22,437 13.5 Myanmar 1,051 742 41.6 Singapore 37,040 33,750 9.7 Thailand 10,310 10,085 2.2 Vietnam 5,164 4,756 8.6

East Asia 444,727 404,441 10.0 China 54,294 51,091 6.3 Hong Kong 28,990 28,502 1.7 Japan 90,946 80,698 12.7 Korea 209,654 201,171 4.2 Macau 4,319 Taiwan 56,524 42,979 31.5

South Asia 17,914 17,221 4.0 Bangladesh 870 654 33.0 India 12,222 11,758 3.9 Iran 2,255 2,492 (9.5) Nepal 611 504 21.2 Pakistan 900 915 (1.6) Sri Lanka 1,056 898 17.6

Middle East 16,150 14,748 9.5 Bahrain 962 876 9.8 Egypt 495 363 36.4 Jordan 210 201 4.5 Kuwait 1,341 1,563 (14.2) Qatar**** 1,004 901 -- Saudi Arabia 8,928 7,412 20.5 United Arab Emirates 3,210 3,432 (6.5)

North America 204,107 196,904 3.7 Canada 28,986 27,350 6.0 Mexico 423 381 11.0 United States of America 174,698 169,173 3.3

Continued 54 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 3.1 -- Continued

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence Second Quarter Second Quarter Increase/ 2012 2011 (Decrease)

South America 1,170 995 17.6 Argentina 256 181 41.4 Brazil 567 484 17.1 Colombia 164 151 8.6 Peru 98 113 (13.3) Venezuela 85 66 28.8

Europe 92,593 84,730 9.3 Western Europe 37,786 33,227 13.7 Andorra 2,815 Austria 2,514 2,490 1.0 Belgium 2,681 2,489 7.7 France 7,159 6,305 13.5 Germany 13,083 12,598 3.8 Luxembourg 124 79 57.0 Netherlands 4,596 4,519 1.7 Switzerland 4,814 4,747 1.4

Northern Europe 39,423 38,425 2.6 Denmark 2,559 2,698 (5.2) Finland 966 886 9.0 Ireland 2,270 1,573 44.3 Norway 4,616 4,594 0.5 Sweden 3,531 3,363 5.0 United Kingdom 25,481 25,311 0.7

Southern Europe 7,373 6,817 8.2 Greece 392 385 1.8 Italy 3,294 2,941 12.0 Portugal 363 230 57.8 Spain 3,324 3,261 1.9

Eastern Europe 5,989 4,516 32.6 Commonwealth of Independent States 1,078 807 33.6 Russian Federation*** 4,182 3,122 34.0 Total (CIS and Russia) 5,260 3,929 33.9 Poland 729 587 24.2

Eastern Mediterranean Europe***** 2,022 1,745 Israel 1,264 1,088 16.2 Turkey 758 657 --

Continued TRAVEL AND TOURISM 55

Table 3.1 -- Concluded

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence Second Quarter Second Quarter Increase/ 2012 2011 (Decrease)

Australasia/Pacific 61,632 58,602 5.2

Australia 44,997 42,343 6.3 Guam 12,015 11,989 0.2 Nauru 5 1 - New Zealand 3,343 3,360 (0.5) Papua New Guinea 1,272 909 39.9

Africa 907 976 (7.1) Nigeria 101 188 (46.3) South Africa 806 788 2.3

Other unspecified residences 8,764 13,230 (33.8)

Notes: * - Philippine passport holders permanently residing abroad; excludes overseas Filipino workers. ** - Prior to April 2003, statistics from this country includes, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia. *** - Prior to July 2006, Russia arrivals were lumped under "CIS" and prior to August 2006, Estonia, Latvia and Turkmenistan ariivals were lumped under "CIS" **** - Prior to 2009, Statistics from this country were lumped under "Other" ***** - Grouping from UNWTO; prior to 2009, statistics from Israel were lumped under "Middle East"' and statistics from Turkey were lumped under "Others"

Source : Department of Tourism 56 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 3.2 Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence: June 2011 and 2012

June 2012 June 2011 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

GRAND TOTAL 323,725 100.0 293,753 100.0 10.2

Overseas Filipinos* 16,889 5.2 15,996 5.4 5.6

Asia 192,665 59.5 185,119 63.0 4.1 ASEAN 30,734 9.5 29,044 9.9 5.8 Brunei 564 0.2 639 0.2 (11.7) Cambodia 229 0.1 260 0.1 (11.9) Indonesia 2,867 0.9 3,052 1.0 (6.1) Laos 119 - 87 - 36.8 Malaysia 8,750 2.7 8,097 2.8 8.1 Myanmar 290 0.1 236 0.1 22.9 Singapore 12,879 4.0 11,934 4.1 7.9 Thailand 3,269 1.0 3,028 1.0 8.0 Vietnam 1,767 0.5 1,711 0.6 3.3

East Asia 148,584 45.9 144,146 49.1 3.1 China 12,283 3.8 18,374 6.3 (33.2) Hong Kong 8,941 2.8 8,749 3.0 2.2 Japan 28,094 8.7 25,083 8.5 12.0 Macau 77,515 Korea 1,337 0.4 76,262 26.0 (98.2) Taiwan 20,414 6.3 15,678 5.3 30.2

South Asia 6,189 1.9 5,915 2.0 4.6 Bangladesh 271 0.1 222 0.1 22.1 India 4,072 1.3 3,897 1.3 4.5 Iran 942 0.3 1,116 0.4 (15.6) Nepal 236 0.1 186 0.1 26.9 Pakistan 307 0.1 270 0.1 13.7 Sri Lanka 361 0.1 224 0.1 61.2

Middle East 7,158 2.2 6,014 2.0 19.0 Bahrain 378 0.1 360 0.1 5.0 Egypt 187 0.1 122 0.0 53.3 Jordan 82 0.0 53 0.0 54.7 Kuwait 584 0.2 696 0.2 (16.1) Qatar**** 335 0.1 299 0.1 12.0 Saudi Arabia 4,382 1.4 3,126 1.1 40.2 United Arab Emirates 1,210 0.4 1,358 0.5 (10.9)

Continued TRAVEL AND TOURISM 57

Table 3.2 -- Continued

June 2012 June 2011 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

North America 62,644 19.4 60,531 20.6 3.5 Canada 6,635 2.0 5,829 2.0 13.8 Mexico 105 0.0 124 0.0 (15.3) United States of America 55,904 17.3 54,578 18.6 2.4

South America 366 0.1 314 0.1 16.6 Argentina 85 0.0 52 0.0 63.5 Brazil 187 0.1 160 0.1 16.9 Colombia 46 0.0 42 0.0 9.5 Peru 22 0.0 43 0.0 (48.8) Venezuela 26 0.0 17 0.0 52.9

Europe 26,687 8.2 24,571 8.4 8.6 Western Europe 9,462 2.9 9,462 3.2 0.0 Andora 724 Austria 789 0.2 789 0.3 0.0 Belgium 807 0.2 807 0.3 0.0 France 1,745 0.5 1,745 0.6 0.0 Germany 3,667 1.1 3,667 1.2 0.0 Luxembourg 17 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 Netherlands 1,325 0.4 1,325 0.5 0.0 Switzerland 1,112 0.3 1,112 0.4 0.0

Northern Europe 12,702 3.9 11,397 3.9 11.5 Denmark 940 0.3 806 0.3 16.6 Finland 330 0.1 283 0.1 16.6 Ireland 886 0.3 587 0.2 50.9 Norway 2,440 0.8 2,229 0.8 9.5 Sweden 1,252 0.4 1,110 0.4 12.8 United Kingdom 6,854 2.1 6,382 2.2 7.4 Southern Europe 2,377 0.7 2,214 0.8 7.4 Greece 123 0.0 116 0.0 6.0 Italy 1,050 0.3 1,001 0.3 4.9 Portugal 70 0.0 66 0.0 6.1 Spain 1,134 0.4 1,031 0.4 10.0

Eastern Europe 1,518 0.5 1,035 0.4 46.7 Commonwealth of Independent States 307 0.1 226 0.1 35.8 Russian Federation*** 1,045 0.2 684 0.2 (7.7) Total (CIS and Russia) 1,352 0.3 910 0.4 48.6 Poland 166 0.1 125 0.0 32.8

Eastern Mediterranean Europe***** 628 0.2 463 0.2 35.6 Israel 343 0.1 285 0.1 20.4 Turkey 285 0.1 178 0.1 60.1

Continued 58 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 3.2 -- Concluded

June 2012 June 2011 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

Australasia/Pacific 20,226 6.2 18,665 6.4 8.4 Australia 13,628 4.2 12,546 4.3 8.6 Guam 5,127 1.6 4,866 1.7 5.4 Nauru 0 0.0 1 - 100.0 New Zealand 1,093 0.3 955 0.3 14.5 Papua New Guinea 378 0.1 297 - 27.3

Africa 303 0.1 346 0.1 (12.4) Nigeria 85 0.0 57 - 49.1 South Africa 218 0.1 289 0.1 (24.6)

Others and unspecified residences 2,784 0.9 4,207 1.4 (33.8)

Notes: * - Philippine passport holders permanently residing abroad; excludes overseas Filipino workers. ** - Prior to April 2003, statistics from this country includes, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia. *** - Prior to July 2006, Russia arrivals were lumped under "CIS" and prior to August 2006, Estonia, Latvia and Turkmenistan ariivals were lumped under "CIS"

Source : Department of Tourism

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 59

TABLE 3.3 Top Ten Travel Markets: Second Quarter 2011 and 2012

Second Quarter Second Quarter Percent 2012 2011 Increase/ Percent Volume Decrease to Total Rank Volume

Total 995,434 100.0 929,899 7.0 Korea 209,654 21.1 1 201,171 4.2 United States of America 174,698 17.5 2 169,173 3.3 Japan 90,946 9.1 3 80,698 12.7 Taiwan 56,524 5.7 5 42,979 31.5 China 54,294 5.5 4 51,091 6.3 Australia 44,997 4.5 6 42,343 6.3 Singapore 37,040 3.7 7 33,750 9.7 Hong Kong 28,990 2.9 8 28,502 1.7 Canada 28,986 2.9 9 27,350 6.0 United Kingdom 25,481 2.6 10 25,311 0.7 Other Countries 243,824 24.5 - 227,531 7.2

Source : Department of Tourism TABLE 3.4 Average Occupancy Rates of Hotels in Metro Manila by Classification Second Quarter 2011 and 2012

Overall Average Classification Second Quarter Second Quarter Difference 2012 2011

Occupancy Rates 60.93 64.30 (3.37) Length of stay (in Nights) 2.45 2.48 (0.03)

De luxe Occupancy Rates 69.27 72.35 (3.08) Length of stay 3.05 3.12 (0.07)

First Class Occupancy Rates 55.10 58.70 (3.60) Length of stay 2.23 2.40 (0.17)

Standard Occupancy Rates 62.77 65.09 (2.32) Length of stay 2.48 2.43 0.05

Economy Occupancy Rates 56.57 61.04 (4.47) Length of stay 2.03 1.96 0.07

Source : Department of Tourism Section IV - SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Welfare Benefits agency to provide support to local government units (LGUs), non- and Services government organizations (NGOs), other First Quarter 2012 national government agencies (NGAs), people’s organizations (POs), and other members of the civil society to effectively implement programs, projects, and services to these marginalized sectors of the society.

Child and youth welfare programs of the government are specifically led by the Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare (BCYW) which cares for the abandoned, neglected, disturbed, and the exploited and abused youth. Among the services accorded the disadvantaged youth offenders, child prostitutes, and street children are the following:

• Psychosocial recovery and social reintegration of sexually abused and Introduction exploited children - reintegration of child victims to the family and the community All government agencies and non-government organizations (NGOs) • The Child Help Intervention and are mandated to spearhead programs, Protective Services (CHIPS) offer crisis projects, and services for the welfare of intervention and therapy; its services can the more-often-neglected sectors of be accessed in all 17 regions via hotlines society. provided and also through the Bantay Bata program. On the forefront of these agencies and organizations are Inter- • Assistance to disadvantaged Agency Committee chaired by the children of mixed parentage in the form Department of Social Welfare and of skills training, livelihood assistance, Development (DSWD) tasked to oversee psychological interventions, and the foregoing thrusts that seek to assistance relative to their citizenship. promote the rights and full participation Department arrangements enable a of these neglected sectors. number of disadvantaged transnational children like Amerasians to locate The DSWD is mandated to foreigner parents, or at best, to reunite provide social protection, assistance, and children with their parents abroad. This augmentation needs to disadvantaged service facilitates children’s reintegration individuals, families, groups, and into the community communities. It is also incumbent on the 60 SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 61

• Community-based rehabilitation Foster care is the provision of for children in conflict with the law affords planned substitute parental care for a diverse options to prevent juvenile child by a licensed foster family when his offenders from breaking the law or her biological parents cannot care for him for a certain period of time. • Sulong Dunong sa Kabataan assists youths to finish high school or Legal guardianship is a socio- head into technical or vocational legal process of providing substitute livelihood training parental care through the appointment of a legal guardian of the child and his • Local and intercountry adoption and property until child reaches the age of alternative family care services nurture majority. abandoned and neglected children by placing them in the care of foster Protective custody. This is a parents. With adoption, abandoned and service provided to children whose unregistered children earn the right to the parents are unable to provide the family name and nationality of foster required protection and whose conditions parents demonstrate observable evidence of injurious effects of the failure to meet the • Devolved services for children and children’s basic needs. Immediate youths look after preschoolers in day intervention is provided to a child who is care centers and provide them abandoned, neglected, physically or supplemental feeding. They also service sexually abused or exploited, to prevent street children and delinquent youths further abuse and exploitation, and to with medical attention, livelihood assist the child and family to overcome opportunities, and counseling services the trauma of such experiences.

• Retained Community-Based Other than these programs for the Program youth and children, the DSWD also provides support to the disadvantaged Child Care and Placement and marginalized women sector of the Services. These services provide society. alternative parental care to abandoned, neglected, and abused children, thus, Services for women-in-especially restoring their right to a family, name, difficult-circumstances (WEDC) were and nationality. Particular interventions launched in response to the emerging employed under these services include needs of women in this sector. This is to local adoption, intercountry adoption, empower them to avoid high-risk, violent, temporary parental care through foster and dangerous incidents as well as to care, and legal guardianship. equip and prepare them physically and emotionally as they return to their Adoption is a socio-legal process families. which enables a child, who cannot be reared by his biological or natural Marginalized families, on the parents, to acquire a legal status wherein other hand, become beneficiaries under he can benefit from new relationship with the following services by program or a permanent family. Local adoption is project: adoption within the country. Intercountry adoption is adoption outside the country. • Locally-Funded Project

62 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Comprehensive and Integrated • Counseling, professional Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) is a guidance and family therapy pro poor program which seeks to • Specialized skills training empower targeted families and for professionals and service communities to enable them to meet their providers minimum basic needs (MBNs), improve • Protection and safety program. their quality of living, and contribute to reduction in poverty. Analysis of Table Enabling acts were issued to raise the level of awareness of the general public and policymakers on Number of disadvantaged children ageing, on the needs of persons with served less by more than 40.0 disabilities (PWDs), and on the percent prevention of discrimination and abuse of older persons (OPs). All government A total of 14,357 disadvantaged agencies and nongovernment children (DC) were served and given organizations (NGOs) are mandated to augmentation support in various regions spearhead programs, projects, and in the first quarter of 2012. Compared services for their welfare, thus bringing with that of first quarter 2011, this was these more-often-neglected sectors into 10 thousand plus children less or a the mainstream of society. decrease of 41.6 percent.

On the forefront of these The National Capital Region agencies and organization are Inter- (NCR) topped the list with the most Agency Committee chaired by the number of DC served at 3,690 or 25.7 Department of Social Welfare and percent of the total. CALABARZON Development (DSWD) tasked to oversee followed with 2,231 or 15.5 percent the foregoing thrusts that seek to served, while Central Luzon served promote the rights, full participation, 15.5 percent. Closely tailing is and equality for OPs and PWDs. MIMAROPA at 11.2 percent. Moreover, Batas Pambansa 344, SOCCSKSARGEN served the least with otherwise known as the Accessibility 80 DC (0.5%). Law, provides for friendly facilities for the

OPs and PWDs such as:

• Well-lit government buildings

Readable sign boards • • Specially-built and -designed comfort rooms • Ramps • Improved architectural designs of government buildings to facilitate access of OPs and PWDs • Nonformal education • Livelihood • Vocational skills training for employment purposes • Care-giving training for family members

SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 63

Those served under community- those served under center-based based programs, were reported to be programs numbered 1,489 (19.2%). greater than those at centers or institutions, 11,967 or 83.4 percent Among regions, NCR reported against a total of 249 from that of the biggest decrease in the number of center-based programs. NCR remained beneficiaries in both programs. From ten the biggest recipient of services in the thousand plus women served, number community as 2,819 (19.6%) DC were went down to only 1,068 or 19.7 percent. served (Table 4.1). Zamboanga Peninsula moved up from 6.8 percent to 20.7 percent. The least Number of disadvantaged youth was seen in SOCCSSARGEN which served down by half reported only 29 women served or 0.5 percent (Table 4.3). A total of 1,669 disadvantaged youth (DY) were served in the first Number of disadvantaged families quarter of 2012. Compared with that of served the first quarter of 2011, this was 1,716 less or a decrease of 50.7 percent. Community-based programs reported aiding some 469 families in the Zamboanga Peninsula reported a period under review. Biggest recipient hefty 16.7 percent served coming from a was the NCR which obtained 39.1 report of 24.3 percent in the 2011 period percent of families under review. It dislodged NCR from top position which reported a measly 7.7 FIGURE 2 Disadvantaged Families by Region percent of the youth served . First Quarter 2012

By program, those served in institutions were greater than those in community-based programs. There were 1,038 youth or 62.2 percent served in the former and the rest, 612 in community-based programs.

MIMAROPA was the bigger institution-recipient with 15.0 percent (Table 4.2).

Disadvantaged women served dent by more than 65.0 percent served. Davao Region hauled 18.8 Disadvantaged women (DW) percent and Zamboanga Peninsula with numbering 5,410 were served under the 16.0 percent. community- and center-based programs in the first quarter 2012. This was a Senior citizens served dent by decrease of more than ten thousand or almost half 65.4 percent vis-à-vis that of the first quarter 2011. By program, those served A total of 1,457 senior citizens under community-based programs (SCs) were served during the first quarter totaled 3,921 or 72.4 percent, while of 2012 under the community- and

64 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

center- or institution-based programs. FIGURE 3 Children in Conflict with the Law by Region Compared with that of 2011 first quarter, First Quarter 2012 this was a loss of 47.2 percent.

Regional tally showed almost equal distribution with the bulk of 70.0 percent shared by Central Visayas (29.1%), CALABARZON (25.9%), Davao Region (9.1%), and Zamboanga Peninsula (8.5%) (Table 4.5).

By program, those served under community-based programs numbered the most at 1,016 or almost 69.7 percent share (Table 4.5).

Children in conflict with the law

A total of 1,032 children in conflict with the law (CICL) were reported served and aided in the period under review.

Those from center-based got the bigger reportage at 89.8 percent.

Across regions, CALABARZON the biggest share at 26.1 percent. Central Visayas reported 10.4 percent and Davao Region 10.1.

By age, those in age group 15 to less than 18 years old reported 48.6 percent followed by the 18 and above group at 43.9 percent. The vulnerable ages of five to less than ten reported 1.6 percent (Table 4.6).

SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 65

TABLE 4.1 Number of Disadvantaged Children Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: First Quarter 2012

First Quarter 2012 Total Number of Children Number of Children Served Number of Children Served Region Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 14,357 6,662 7,695 11,967 5,641 6,326 249 132 117 NCR 3,690 1,818 1,872 2,819 1,338 1,481 - - - CAR 234 86 148 153 56 97 34 13 21 I - Ilocos Region 594 270 324 477 224 253 - - - II - Cagayan Valley 241 106 135 228 104 124 - - - III - Central Luzon 1,851 872 979 1,433 691 742 3 - 3 IVA - CALABARZON 2,231 1,013 1,218 2,184 1,011 1,173 - - - IVB - MIMAROPA 1,616 785 831 1,616 785 831 8 4 4 V - Bicol Region 255 119 136 186 90 96 - - - VI - Western Visayas 167 56 111 118 47 71 - - - VII - Central Visayas 1,162 539 623 994 492 502 34 19 15 VIII - Eastern Visayas 165 62 103 90 39 51 - - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 825 366 459 702 324 378 169 95 74 X - Northern Mindanao 463 200 263 364 169 195 - - - XI - Davao Region 636 283 353 483 221 262 - - - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 80 35 45 1 0 1 - - - XIII - Caraga 147 52 95 119 50 69 1 1 -

First Quarter 2011 Total Number of Children Number of Children Served Number of Children Served Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 24,571 11,585 12,986 13,187 6,177 7,010 2,473 1,079 1,394 NCR 5,591 2,802 2,789 2,766 1,384 1,382 912 528 384 CAR 614 317 297 291 153 138 60 26 34 I - Ilocos Region 1,157 523 634 876 409 467 111 44 67 II - Cagayan Valley 611 249 362 282 120 162 56 27 29 III - Central Luzon 3,183 1,389 1,794 1,439 653 786 399 177 222 IVA - CALABARZON 2,203 1,026 1,177 1,753 837 916 45 1 44 IVB - MIMAROPA 1,878 848 1,030 1,822 827 995 - - - V - Bicol Region 507 222 285 229 100 129 88 32 56 VI - Western Visayas 2,119 1,143 976 685 257 428 42 5 37 VII - Central Visayas 1,776 861 915 609 346 263 176 46 130 VIII - Eastern Visayas 268 108 160 132 51 81 97 31 66 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,959 887 1,072 860 401 459 129 44 85 X - Northern Mindanao 1,056 465 591 499 206 293 97 31 66 XI - Davao Region 1,082 509 573 618 285 333 136 52 84 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 359 150 209 207 92 115 92 33 59 XIII - Caraga 208 86 122 119 56 63 33 2 31

Note: - No reported data Source: MFOs Region IVA and Region IVB PDPB, DSWD 66 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.2 Number of Youth Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region First Quarter 2012

2012 Total Number of Youth Number of Youth Served Number of Youth Served Region Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,669 1,328 341 612 359 272 1,038 969 69 NCR 54 26 28 11 5 6 43 21 22 CAR 42 30 12 30 18 12 12 12 - I - Ilocos Region 128 114 14 - 2 4 122 112 10 II - Cagayan Valley 25 25 - 2 2 - 23 23 - III - Central Luzon 89 88 1 8 7 1 81 81 - IVA - CALABARZON 251 251 - - - - 251 251 - IVB - MIMAROPA 9 9 - 8 8 - 1 1 - V - Bicol Region 36 36 - 2 2 - 34 34 - VI - Western Visayas 53 53 - - - - 53 53 - VII - Central Visayas 458 271 187 306 150 156 152 121 31 VIII - Eastern Visayas 4 4 - 4 4 - - - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 268 187 81 196 121 75 72 66 6 X - Northern Mindanao 70 52 18 45 27 18 25 25 - XI - Davao Region 104 104 - - - - 104 104 - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 22 22 - - - - 22 22 - XIII - Caraga 56 56 - - 13 - 43 43 -

2011 Total Number of Youth Number of Youth Served Number of Youth Served Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 3,385 2,743 642 2,383 1,810 573 1,002 933 69 NCR 120 97 23 3 2 1 117 95 22 CAR 18 18 - 6 6 - - 12 - I - Ilocos Region 108 98 10 - - - 108 98 10 II - Cagayan Valley 43 40 3 14 11 3 29 29 - III - Central Luzon 129 106 23 42 19 23 87 87 - IVA - CALABARZON 516 284 232 348 116 232 168 168 - IVB - MIMAROPA 134 76 58 126 68 58 - 8 - V - Bicol Region 30 30 - 6 6 - 24 24 - VI - Western Visayas 946 946 - 912 912 - 34 34 - VII - Central Visayas 248 167 81 114 64 50 134 103 31 VIII - Eastern Visayas 64 64 - 3 3 - 61 61 - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 824 623 201 775 580 195 49 43 6 X - Northern Mindanao 38 38 - 16 16 - 22 22 - XI - Davao Region 109 98 11 18 7 11 91 91 - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 22 22 - - - - 22 22 - XIII - Caraga 36 36 - - - - 36 36 -

Note: - No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 67

TABLE 4.3 Number of Women Served by Program/Project/Service and by Region First Quarter 2012

2012 Total Number of Women Number of Women Served Number of Women Served Region Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs

Philippines 5,410 3,921 1,489 NCR 1,068 28 1,040 CAR 33 8 25 I - Ilocos Region 196 150 46 II - Cagayan Valley 352 343 9 III - Central Luzon 249 194 55 IVA - CALABARZON 492 485 7 IVB - MIMAROPA 18 18 - V - Bicol Region 443 436 7 VI - Western Visayas 90 72 18 VII - Central Visayas 465 401 64 VIII - Eastern Visayas 76 58 18 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,122 1,001 121 X - Northern Mindanao 267 246 21 XI - Davao Region 423 388 35 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 29 12 17 XIII - Caraga 87 81 6

2011 Total Number of Women Number of Women Served Number of Women Served Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-basedPrograms Programs Programs

Philippines 15,645 14,296 1,349 NCR 10,448 9,539 909 CAR 90 77 13 I - Ilocos Region 172 140 32 II - Cagayan Valley 444 433 11 III - Central Luzon 318 247 71 IVA - CALABARZON 706 700 6 IVB - MIMAROPA 184 184 - V - Bicol Region 439 423 16 VI - Western Visayas 13 - 13 VII - Central Visayas 343 251 92 VIII - Eastern Visayas 183 170 13 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 672 552 120 X - Northern Mindanao 485 471 14 XI - Davao Region 1,062 1,029 33 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN - 15 - XIII - Caraga 71 65 6

Note: - No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development 68 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.4 Number of Families Served by Program/Project/Service by Region First Quarter 2012

Number of Families Served by Program/Project/Services Community-based Program Total Number Region of Families Number of Served in Number of Number of Internally Number Community-based Foster Adoptive Displaced of Program Families Families Families (IDF) Solo Parent

Total 469 216 238 - 10 NCR 183 60 123 - - CAR 12 7 5 - - I - Ilocos Region - - - - - II - Cagayan Valley 13 7 6 - - III - Central Luzon 26 5 21 - - IVA - CALABARZON - - - - - IVB - MIMAROPA 13 8 - - - V - Bicol Region - - - - - VI - Western Visayas 16 - 16 - - VII - Central Visayas 11 3 8 - - VIII - Eastern Visayas - - - - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 75 28 37 - 10 X - Northern Mindanao - - - - - XI - Davao Region 88 88 - - - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 15 5 10 - - XIII - Caraga 17 5 12 - - ARMM - - - - -

Note: 0 - No reported data Source: MFOs Region IVA and Region IVB PDPB, DSWD SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 69

TABLE 4.5 Number of Senior Citizens (SCs) Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: First Quarter 2012

2012 Total Number of SCs Number of SCs Served Number of SCs Served Region Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 1,457 618 839 1,016 439 577 436 178 258 NCR 71 39 32 - - - 71 39 32 CAR 20 10 10 20 10 10 - - - I - Ilocos Region 22 10 12 22 10 12 - - - II - Cagayan Valley 43 18 25 43 18 25 - - - III - Central Luzon 52 18 34 52 18 34 - - - IVA - CALABARZON 378 139 239 116 47 69 262 92 170 IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region 98 36 62 98 36 62 - - - VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas 424 198 226 419 197 222 - - - VIII - Eastern Visayas 18 6 12 18 6 12 - - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 125 36 89 80 22 58 45 14 31 X - Northern Mindanao 52 25 27 52 25 27 - - - XI - Davao Region 133 75 58 75 42 33 58 33 25 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------XIII - Caraga 21 8 13 21 8 13 - - -

2011 Total Number of SCs Number of SCs Served Number of SCs Served Served in Community in Community-based in Center/Institution Based and Center-based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 2,669 1,384 1,285 3,425 2,222 1,203 447 181 266 NCR 1,263 817 446 2,027 1,222 805 41 12 29 CAR 9 6 3 15 9 6 - - - I - Ilocos Region 18 13 5 31 18 13 - - - II - Cagayan Valley 44 12 32 56 44 12 - - - III - Central Luzon 47 20 27 67 47 20 - - - IVA - CALABARZON 414 157 257 197 140 57 274 100 174 IVB - MIMAROPA 25 10 15 35 25 10 - - - V - Bicol Region 84 29 55 113 84 29 - - - VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas 275 115 160 374 266 108 9 7 2 VIII - Eastern Visayas 11 5 6 16 11 5 - - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 130 53 77 91 65 26 65 27 38 X - Northern Mindanao 107 41 66 148 107 41 - - - XI - Davao Region 230 100 130 237 172 65 58 35 23 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN ------XIII - Caraga 12 6 6 18 12 6 - - -

Note: - No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development 70 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.6 Number of Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) Served by Program Project/Service by Sex, by Age and by Region: First Quarter 2012

Total Number Number of CICL Served by Program/Project/Service of CICL Served in Total Number of CICL Total Number of CICL Region n Community-based Served in Community-based Served in Center-based and Center-Based Programs Programs Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 1,032 105 96 9 927 893 34 NCR - 11 5 6 - - - CAR 26 5 5 0 21 12 9 I - Ilocos Region 94 - - - 94 93 1 II - Cagayan Valley 26 2 2 - 24 23 1 III - Central Luzon 86 8 7 1 78 78 - IVA - CALABARZON 269 - - - 269 258 11 IVB - MIMAROPA 12 11 11 - 1 1 - V - Bicol Region 34 - - - 34 34 - VI - Western Visayas 53 - - - 53 53 - VII - Central Visayas 107 17 16 1 90 89 1 VIII - Eastern Visayas 4 2 2 - 2 - 2 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 83 25 24 1 58 58 - X - Northern Mindanao 41 12 12 - 29 25 4 XI - Davao Region 104 - - - 104 104 - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 26 - - - 26 22 4 XIII - Caraga 56 12 12 - 44 43 1 ARMM ------

Age Group 1,032 105 96 9 927 893 34

5 to below 10 16 10 7 3 6 6 - 10 to below 15 40 24 23 1 16 13 3 15 to below 18 502 49 45 4 453 422 31 18 and above 454 2 2 - 452 452 - No age bracket 20 20 19 1 - - -

Note: - No reported data Source: MFOs Region IVA and Region IVB PDPB, DSWD

Section V – EDUCATION AND CULTURE

Education Indicators Public education is entirely 2008-2012 subsidized by the national government as mandated by the Constitution while private schools are run by independent entities.

Two government bodies supervise the country’s educational system. The Department of Education (DepEd) administers preschool, elementary, and secondary schools while the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) manages tertiary and other higher education institutions.

Various indicators assess the capability of the Philippine educational system in terms of objectivity, competency, and sufficient delivery. Indicators such as net participation rate, cohort survival rate, teacher-pupil ratio, number of teachers, and number of Introduction public and private schools are used every school year to measure system Education plays a remarkable improvement. role in growing economies. As businesses become increasingly education-based, learning or instruction Definition of Terms carries a greater burden in improving skill and competitiveness of the people. Net participation rate at the elementary level – the proportion of the In the Philippines, the elementary number of enrollees 7-12 years old to education program is created to give six population 7-12 years old years of basic literacy, numeric thinking, and work skills to improve the children’s Net participation rate at the learning capabilities and values. secondary level – the proportion of the Graduates of the elementary course are number of enrollees 13-16 years old to accepted to the secondary course. This the population 13-16 years old level is the continuation of general education given in the elementary level Cohort survival rate at the and helps as a preparation for vocational elementary level – the proportion of or college education. Those who have enrollees at the beginning grade which completed secondary education can be reach the final grade at the end of the admitted to the collegiate or university required number of years of study level.

71 72 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Cohort survival rate at the secondary level – the proportion of enrollees at the beginning year which reach the final year at the end of the required number of years of study.

Analysis of Tables

Participation rate of public elementary school pupils increases by 2.3 percent

Approximately 89.9 percent of Filipino children, ages seven to 12 were enrolled in public elementary schools for Participation rate of public secondary school year (SY) 2010-2011. The school students inclines by 3.0 participation rate of public elementary percentage points increased by 2.3 percentage points from the 87.9 percent recorded the previous Some 61.3 percent of the public SY. (Table 5.1) high school students were enrolled for

the SY 2010-2011. This was an increase Davao Region caps public elementary of about 3.0 percentage points from the schools participation rate 59.5 recorded the previous SY. (Table

5.2) Among regions, Davao Region exhibited the highest net participation NCR posts highest public secondary rate in public elementary schools with school participation rate 100.6 percent. Cordillera Administrative

Region (CAR) came second with 99.8 As expected, the National Capital percent. Caraga came after with 96.9 Region (NCR), the country’s center of percent. On fourth place was Cagayan learning, accounted for the highest Valley with 95.1 percent. Ilocos Region participation rate in public secondary was on fifth spot with 93.8 percent. schools with 77.8 percent, followed by Managing above the 90 percentage Ilocos Region with 72.7 percent. Central points were Northern Mindanao (93.8%), Luzon came third with 70.2 while Bicol Region (93.7%), Zamboanga Cagayan Valley was on fourth spot with Peninsula (93.5%), Central Visayas 68.3 percent. On fifth place was (92.5%), Eastern Visayas (91.5%), and CALABARZON with 67.6 percent. (Table Central Luzon (90.6%). 5.2)

Meanwhile, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) registered the least net participation rate with 71.9 percent. (Table 5.1)

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 73

Cohort survival rate in secondary school level increases by 1.3 percent

In the secondary school level, 79 out of 100 first year high school students (79.4%) in current SY reached fourth year high school. This was 1.3 percentage points lower than the 78.4 percent revealed the previous SY.

Northern Mindanao registers the highest cohort survival rate in high school with 84.1 percent

Across regions, the highest cohort survival rate was recorded in Cohort survival rate in elementary Northern Mindanao with 84.1 percent or school level increases by 1.4 percent a 20.0 percentage points increase from the 70.3 percent it registered the Based on the DepEd’s report, 75 previous SY. CALABARZON followed out of 100 Filipino first graders (75.4%) with 83.8 percent or 2.1 percentage reached the elementary sixth grade in SY points higher than the 82.1 percent 2010-2011. This was a 1.4 percentage recorded previously. On third place was point increase from the 74.4 percent Ilocos Region with 83.6 percent or a registered in SY 2009-2010. decrease of 1.4 percentage points from that of 84.8 percent noted the previous NCR has the highest cohort survival SY. NCR was on fourth spot with 81.7 rate in elementary school percent or an increase of 0.4 percentage points from that of 81.3 in SY 2009-2010. The top five regions with the Managing above the 80 percent were highest cohort survival rate in elementary Central Luzon and Cagayan Valley with school level were NCR with 85.6 percent 81.6 and 81.5 percent, respectively. or a 4.0 percentage points increase from ARMM had the lowest cohort survival the 82.3 percent recorded previously. It rate at 68.5 percent. was followed by CALABARZON with 84.0 or a 3.4 percentage points decrease The two school years saw from that of 87.0 percent. On third place MIMAROPA and SOCCSKSARGEN was Ilocos Region with 83.6 or a 1.0 illustrating dwindling cohort survival rates percentage points decrease from the with 3.0 and 2.2 percentage points 84.4 registered the former SY. On fourth losses, respectively. On the other hand, and fifth place were Central Luzon and Northern Mindanao exhibited 19.6 Central Visayas with 82.1 and 80.3 percent gain in cohort survival rate. percent, respectively. Meanwhile, (Table 5.4) ARMM had the least with 40.7 percent in SY 2010-2011 or a 4.5 percentage points Number of teachers in public increase reflected the previous SY. elementary schools increases by 0.7 (Table 5.3) percent

There were 363,955 teachers in public elementary schools in SY 2011-

74 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

2012 registering a 0.7 percent increase Number of elementary schools from the 361,564 teachers recorded the increases by 1.4 percent previous SY. The total number of elementary CALABARZON posts bulk of public schools in SY 2011-2012 was registered elementary teachers at 46,057. This was 1.4 percent increase from the 45,435 schools recorded the Of the 363,955 teachers in public previous SY 2010-2011. elementary schools in SY 2011-2012, CALABARZON had the biggest number CALABARZON registers the most of teachers with 37,501 (10.3%) followed number of elementary schools by Central Luzon with 35,418 (9.7%) teachers. Western Visayas and NCR is Of the 46,057 schools in SY on third and fourth spot with 33,046 2011-2012, CALABARZON had the most (9.1%) and 31,640 (8.7%) teachers, number at 4,722 or 10.3 percent of the respectively. The region with the least total. It was followed by Central Luzon number of public elementary teachers is (4,156) and Western Visayas (3,801). CAR with 7,999 or 2.2 percent of the On fourth and fifth place was Eastern total. Visayas and Bicol Region with 3,761 (8.2%) and 3,395 (7.4%) percent, Number of teachers in secondary respectively. CAR had the least number public schools increases by 3.0 of elementary schools with 1,661. percent Number of secondary school There were 150,619 teachers in increases by 20.0 percent public secondary schools in SY 2011- 2012 posting a 3.0 percent increase from There were 12,515 schools in the 146,269 teachers recorded the secondary level in SY 2011-2012 posting previous SY. a 20.0 percent increase from the 10,426 schools recorded the previous SY. NCR recorded the most number of public secondary teachers CALABARZON has the most number of high schools Of the 150,619 teachers in public secondary schools in SY 2011-2012, the Of the 12,515 secondary schools NCR had the largest share of teachers in SY 2011-2012, CALABARZON had with 19,668 or 13.1 percent of the total. the most number at 1,763 accounting for CALABARZON came second with 14.1 percent of the total. Central Luzon 17,449 or 11.6 percent. Central Luzon followed with 1,228 or 9.8 percent of the came third with 14,831 (9.8%) teachers. total. On third place was Central Visayas Closely following is Western Visayas with with 1,093 or 8.7 percent. NCR came 14,225 teachers (9.4%). On fifth and fourth with 1,047 or 8.4 percent of the sixth place are Bicol and Central Visayas total. On fifth and sixth place were with 10,748 (7.1%) and 10,202 (6.8%), Western Visayas and Bicol Region with respectively. The region with the least 897(7.2%) and 813 (6.5%) schools, number of teachers is CAR with 3,044 or respectively. 2.0 percent of the total. (Table 5.5)

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 75

ARMM had the least number of birth anniversary, NHCP aims to inspire a secondary schools with 369 or 2.9 re-reading of his life, a little beyond what percent. (Table 5.6) we have learned in our required Rizal courses in high school and college”. She further adds, “We will celebrate Rizal’s life in many ways – fora, film screenings, Promotion of Culture art exhibits, theater presentations, and and Arts other events hosted by special interest groups. We urge everyone to participate The National Commission for as we go around select cities from all Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is the over the country to commemorate Rizal’s overall policy, coordinating and grants birthday”. giving agency for the preservation, development, and promotion of On June 19, Rizal’s exact birth Philippine arts and culture. Its general date, NHCP spearheaded function includes the promotion of commemorative programs happened cultural and artistic development; simultaneously at Calamba City, Manila, conservation of the nation’s historical and and City. cultural heritage, nationwide dissemination of artistic and cultural The Cultural Center of the products; and preservation and Philippines (CCP), a government integration of traditional culture as part of corporation established to preserve, the national cultural mainstream. develop and promote arts and culture in the country by providing performance and exhibition venues for various local and international productions also Nation celebrates Jose participated in the celebration by staging Rizal’s 150th birth Noli Me Tangere at Tanghalang Aurelio Tolentino of the CCP. Ryan Cayabyab anniversary adapted Rizal’s novel with libretto by National Artist Bienvenido Lumbrera, set On June 2011, the National design by National Artist Salvador Bernal Historical Commission of the Philippines and direction by Oddie Zamora. (NHCP), the government agency tasked in the promotion of Philippine history and Meanwhile, a landmark album in cultural heritage through research, celebration of the national hero’s 150th dissemination, conservation sites birthday entitled Rock Rizal was management and heraldry works, th produced by Rock Ed Philippines, in celebrates the 150 birth anniversary of partnership with NHCP. Nine of the national hero Dr. Jose Rizal with a series country’s biggest artists – Ely Buendia, of national and school-based activities. Sandwich, Gloc-9, Ebe Dancel, Jett Pangan, Peryodiko, Hijo, Aiza Seguerra Maria Serena I. Diokno, chair of and Radio Active Sago Project NHCP said “Jose Rizal is a very participated in this monumental project. interesting character in Philippine history. He loved our country with passion, wrote “Our goal is to take Rizal from the both fiction and poetry, practiced sports classroom and into radio stations, music and had his share of adventures from his th video channels, and MP3 players,” says extensive travels. In celebrating his 150 Pepe Diokno, executive director of Rock

76 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Ed Philippines. “The songs will cover the unveiling of a Rizal monument on June life and works of Jose Rizal, but it will 19 at the Calamba City Hall, Laguna. On focus more on his ideas, and how they the same day, there will be simultaneous can move us forward today.” flag-raising and wreath-laying ceremonies at the Rizal Shrine in Rock Ed Philippines is a Calamba City; Rizal National Monument, registered non-stock, non-profit Rizal Park, Manila; and the Rizal Shrine organization that provides alternative in Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte. venues for education and civic The Rizal @150 commemorative stamps awareness. It is run entirely by and Rock Rizal album will also be volunteers like teachers and musicians, launched at the Calamba shrine. A writers, poets, photographers, marker on a house where Rizal stayed in filmmakers, and students. They City was unveiled on spearheaded nation-building across the September 2011. country. There was a three-day academic All the songs that were used were conference called “Rizal: Malay, Diwa, released online for free. A collaborative Puso at Buhay”. The first one was held at single came out on June, 2011, as part of the University of Santo Tomas entitled, the commemorative activities that “Balik Tanaw: Si Rizal sa Kanyang transpired on the national hero’s birth Panahon”. The second conference was anniversary. A concert featuring the entitled “Usapin at Pananaw ang bands also performed. Pagtuturo kay Rizal sa Kasalukuyan”, held at the Ateneo de Manila University. In partnership with the Philippine “Muling Pagsilang: Pagdakila, Pag- Postal Corporation (PPC), a government unawa, at Pagsasabuhay kay Rizal sa owned and controlled corporation Buhay Pamayanan” was the last responsible for providing postal services conference held at the Colegio de San in the country, NHCP held the 150th Birth Juan de Letran in Calamba, Laguna. Anniversary of Jose Rizal Postage Stamp Design Contest. Held on March Also the NHCP accepted 2011, students, amateurs and nominations for the Rizal Awards. The professional designers submitted entries said award will recognize individuals, to the NHCP. Director Jeremy Barns of Filipino and foreign, and organizations the National Museum, Director Ngo that have made significant contributions Tiong Tak from PPC, Danilo Pangan toward preserving the life of Rizal and from the NCCA and Fidel Sarmiento from has rendered outstanding services to the the Art Association of the Philippines, country. served as judges.

------In the student category, the Source: National Commission for Culture and the winners are Lex Kempo Lacar, Deanne Arts (NCCA), Agung, March-May 2011 Fernandez and Marc Aran Reyes, all issue from Far Eastern University. In the open category, the winners are Heinritzh Sales and Ramon Vismonte, both from Team Manila.

Commemorative activities lined up for the celebration include the

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 77

th The nation celebrated the 150 birth anniversary of national hero Dr. Jose Rizal with a series of national and school -based activities.

78 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 5.1 Net Enrolment Rate in Public Elementary Schools School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 (In Percent)

Region 2010-2011 2009-2010

Philippines 89.9 87.9 NCR 90.2 89.6 CAR 99.8 95.4 I - Ilocos Region 93.8 92.4 II - Cagayan Valley 95.1 91.5 III - Central Luzon 90.6 89.3 IVA - CALABARZON 87.2 86.2 IVB - MIMAROPA 88.6 87.7 V - Bicol Region 93.7 91.6 VI - Western Visayas 86.7 84.4 VII - Central Visayas 92.5 90.3 VIII - Eastern Visayas 91.5 88.6 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 93.5 88.9 X - Northern Mindanao 93.8 89.3 XI - Davao Region 100.6 89.9 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 84.6 84.1 XIII - Caraga 96.9 90.9 ARMM 71.9 74.3 Source: Department of Education

Table 5.2 Net Participation Rate in Public Secondary Schools School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 (In Percent)

Region 2010-2011 2009-2010

Philippines 61.3 59.5 NCR 77.8 76.6 CAR 62.7 63.0 I - Ilocos Region 72.7 71.1 II - Cagayan Valley 68.3 65.5 III - Central Luzon 70.2 68.1 IVA - CALABARZON 67.6 67.0 IVB - MIMAROPA 56.6 56.5 V - Bicol Region 55.6 55.0 VI - Western Visayas 56.1 55.4 VII - Central Visayas 58.6 56.4 VIII - Eastern Visayas 54.4 52.7 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 58.7 49.2 X - Northern Mindanao 53.7 50.1 XI - Davao Region 55.4 53.4 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 51.3 51.6 XIII - Caraga 55.6 54.6 ARMM 33.8 39.8

Source: Department of Education EDUCATION AND CULTURE 79

Table 5.3 Cohort Survival Rate in Public and Private Elementary Schools School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 (In Percent)

Region 2010-2011 2009-2010

Philippines 75.4 74.4 NCR 85.6 82.3 CAR 75.0 79.1 I - Ilocos Region 83.6 84.4 II - Cagayan Valley 78.8 79.6 III - Central Luzon 82.1 84.0 IVA - CALABARZON 84.0 87.0 IVB - MIMAROPA 74.7 72.0 V - Bicol Region 76.6 76.6 VI - Western Visayas 73.6 75.3 VII - Central Visayas 80.3 80.5 VIII - Eastern Visayas 73.6 70.7 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 60.9 61.7 X - Northern Mindanao 67.9 66.9 XI - Davao Region 66.2 68.9 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 65.0 64.7 XIII - Caraga 72.9 68.0 ARMM 40.7 38.9

Source: Department of Education

Table 5.4 Cohort Survival Rate in Public and Private Secondary Schools School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 (In Percent)

Region 2010-2011 2009-2010

Philippines 79.4 78.4 NCR 81.7 81.3 CAR 78.4 78.8 I - Ilocos Region 83.6 84.8 II - Cagayan Valley 81.5 80.9 III - Central Luzon 81.6 80.8 IVA - CALABARZON 83.8 82.1 IVB - MIMAROPA 74.4 76.7 V - Bicol Region 76.9 77.2 VI - Western Visayas 79.9 81.1 VII - Central Visayas 79.5 77.7 VIII - Eastern Visayas 73.1 73.5 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 73.1 73.3 X - Northern Mindanao 84.1 70.3 XI - Davao Region 75.3 72.4 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 76.8 78.5 XIII - Caraga 74.6 73.4 ARMM 68.5 68.0

Source: Department of Education 80 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 5.5 Number of Teachers in Public Schools by Region and by Level of Education School Years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012

Region Elementary Secondary 2011-2012 2010-2011 2011-2012 2010-2011

Philippines 363,955 361,564 150,619 146,269 NCR 31,640 31,314 19,668 19,210 CAR 7,999 7,848 3,044 2,967 I - Ilocos Region 21,790 21,604 9,279 9,032 II - Cagayan Valley 14,521 14,728 5,945 5,855 III - Central Luzon 35,418 34,952 14,831 14,534 IVA - CALABARZON 37,501 37,190 17,449 16,193 IVB - MIMAROPA 13,215 12,900 5,136 4,953 V - Bicol Region 27,299 27,056 10,748 10,513 VI - Western Visayas 33,046 32,774 14,225 13,859 VII - Central Visayas 26,232 25,940 10,202 9,866 VIII - Eastern Visayas 22,003 21,860 7,543 7,352 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 16,800 16,604 5,822 5,703 X - Northern Mindanao 18,188 17,999 6,120 5,979 XI - Davao Region 17,233 17,148 6,758 6,619 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 16,019 15,761 6,322 6,031 XIII - Caraga 11,947 11,569 4,323 4,271 ARMM 13,104 14,317 3,204 3,332

Source: Department of Education

Table 5.6 Number of Public and Private Schools by Region and by Level of Education School Years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012

Region Elementary Secondary 2011-2012 2010-2011 2011-2012 2010-2011

Philippines 46,057 45,435 12,515 10,426 NCR 1,713 1,757 1,047 982 CAR 1,661 1,635 407 317 I - Ilocos Region 2,745 2,732 786 698 II - Cagayan Valley 2,393 2,372 510 441 III - Central Luzon 4,156 4,061 1,228 1,077 IVA - CALABARZON 4,722 4,548 1,763 1,595 IVB - MIMAROPA 1,973 1,972 455 388 V - Bicol Region 3,395 3,384 813 726 VI - Western Visayas 3,801 3,744 897 781 VII - Central Visayas 3,373 3,309 1,093 710 VIII - Eastern Visayas 3,761 3,747 568 543 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 2,181 2,155 462 365 X - Northern Mindanao 2,361 2,350 570 236 XI - Davao Region 1,936 1,915 482 453 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,926 1,874 581 423 XIII - Caraga 1,722 1,704 484 381 ARMM 2,238 2,176 369 310

Source: Department of Education Section VI – HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS

Health and Vital Indicators other health practitioners to join 2011 government service and be fielded in rural, hard-to-reach and economically underdeveloped areas.

On the other hand, the production of vital statistics comprises a system of operations in which the registration of vital events is an important component. The system begins with the registration

followed by the processing and controlling of vital records and ends with the compilation and analysis of vital statistics.

Under Commonwealth Act (CA)

591, the Bureau of Census, now the National Statistics Office (NSO) is mandated to generate general purpose statistics and to carry out and administer

the Civil Registration Act.

Introduction Health may refer to the soundness and general well-being of body and mind. The Department of Health (DOH) is Securing good health for people is one the principal health agency in the way of ensuring welfare and development Philippines. It is responsible for ensuring for the country as a whole. It is, therefore, access to basic public health services to imperative upon the government to make all Filipinos through the provision of quality provisions and invest in health welfare health care and regulation of providers of activities. health goods and services. Vital statistics, on the other hand, Given the mandate, DOH is both a are derived from information obtained at stakeholder in the health sector and a the time when the occurrences of vital policy and regulatory body for health. As a events and their characteristics are major player, DOH is a technical resource, inscribed in a civil register. a catalyst for health policy and a political sponsor and advocate for health issues. Furthermore, the DOH has an on-going Vital acts and events are the births, program that recruits physicians and deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, and all such events that have something to do with an individual’s entrance and departure

81 82 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

from life together with the changes marry early are typically exposed to in civil status that may occur to a person pregnancy for a longer period, and early during his lifetime. Recording of these childbearing often takes place, the events in the civil register is known as combination of which generally leads to a vital or civil registration and the large family size. The age at which resulting documents are called vital childbearing commences is an important records. determinant of the overall level of fertility as well as the health and welfare of the mother and the child. A rise in the Age at First Birth median age at first birth is typically a sign of transition to lower fertility levels. The 2011 Family Health Survey (FHS) is a nationwide survey designed to Early childbearing in the provide information on fertility, maternal Philippines is unusual: only 9.0 percent of and child health, family planning, women ages 45-49 gave birth by age 18. maternal and child mortality, and other This proportion decreases slightly among health-related concerns in order to assist younger women (7.6 percent for women policymakers and program managers in age 20-24). This distribution is similar to evaluating and designing strategies for that in the 2006 FPS. A decline in the improving health and family planning median age at first birth among Filipino services in the country. The 2011 FHS women can be observed – 23.5 years for updates findings from the series of women age 45-49 to 23.2 years for Family Planning Surveys conducted from women age 25-29. 1995 to 2006, and various rounds of the National Demographic and Health Differentials in median age at first Survey. birth among women age 25-49 by age, residence, and education are shown. The survey was designed to Results of the 2011 FHS indicate that provide data representative of the there are wide differences in the age at country and its 17 administrative regions. which women have their first child. The 2011 FHS involved interviewing all Overall, the median age at first birth is women who are 15 to 49 years of age in 23.4 years, which is slightly higher than the sample households. These women 2006 FPS (23.2 percent). were asked questions about some of their background characteristics, the Women in the urban areas have children they have given birth to, use of their first birth two years later than their family planning methods, antenatal and rural counterparts (24.3 years compared postnatal care received during with 22.5 years). Median age at first birth pregnancy, vaccinations received by their ranges from 22.0 years in ARMM to 24.9 children, and other valuable health- years in NCR. This implies that women in related information. ARMM, on average, have their first birth three years earlier than those in The survey revealed some key MIMAROPA. points in terms of childbearing, a vital health issue. Women with higher education have a higher median age at first birth The onset of childbearing is an than other women (Table 6.1) important fertility indicator. Women who

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 83

Teenage Pregnancy pregnant with their first child. As expected, the proportion of young women and Motherhood who have begun childbearing increases rapidly with age, from more than one Young women have been the percent among women age 15 to 24 focus of a number of government percent of women age 19 (Figure 1). programs aimed at delaying the beginning of childbearing and thereby Young women in rural areas hastening fertility decline. It is also well (11.0 percent) are slightly more likely known that adolescent pregnancy, early than those in urban areas (8.2 percent) to childbearing, and motherhood have have begun childbearing. Across regions, negative socio-economic and health early childbearing is highest in Caraga consequences. Adolescent mothers are (15.0 percent), and lowest in Western more likely to have complications during Visayas (6.9 percent). Similarly, less educated young women are more likely FIGURE 1 Percentage of women who have to have started childbearing than better begun childbearing age, 2011 educated women (Table 6.2).

High-Risk Fertility by Risk

Category

Table 6.3 shows the distribution of children born in the 12-month period preceding the survey by risk category, along with the implied percentage of currently married women at risk of

conceiving a child with an elevated risk of mortality. Over half of births (53.7 percent) in the Philippines are not in any Age high-risk category, while 46.2 percent are considered high-risk births. Source: National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey labor, which result in higher morbidity About one-third of births (30.0 and mortality for themselves and their percent) reported in the 2011 FHS are in children. Moreover, childbearing during single-high risk category. These births the teenage years frequently has adverse are either born to women under 18 years social consequences, particularly on of age or to women over 34 years of age, female educational attainment, because follow another birth by fewer than 24 women who become mothers in their months, or are a woman’s fourth, fifth or teens are less likely to pursue their higher order birth. Sixteen percent of education. births fall into multiple high-risk category (because of a combination of mother’s In the Philippines, 9.5 percent of age, length of birth interval and birth women age 15-19 years have begun order). The multiple high-risk category childbearing, 7.4 percent are with the largest proportion of births is already mothers, and 2.1 percent are high-order births to older mothers (9.4

84 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

percent). Births classified as high risk on fetal deaths from 2010 to 2011. These multiple grounds decreased from 22.4 three regions accounted for 49.3 percent percent of all births in 2006 to 16.2 of the total fetal deaths in 2011. percent in 2011. However, NCR and Central Visayas records of fetal deaths decreased by 11.4 It is also shown that 4.4 million percent and 2.4 percent, respectively, Filipino women in the reproductive ages while Calabarzon showed an increase of 15-49 may be considered to be at risk if 5.8 percent of fetal deaths in 2011 they become pregnant because they are compared with their 2010’s record. too young (less than 18 years) or too old (age 35 or older), have more than 3 On the other hand, Cordillera previous births, or would have an Administrative Region had the lowest unacceptably short birth interval (less number of fetal deaths with 1.3 percent than 24 months). About 4.3 million followed by Caraga and Zamboanga currently married women are also at risk Peninsula with 1.5 percent and 1.8 of conceiving a child with an elevated risk percent, respectively (Table 6.4). of dying because they are too old and have more than 3 previous births (Table FIGURE 2 Percent Distribution of Fetal Deaths 6.5). by Region of Occurrence: 2010-2011

Fetal Deaths 2011

Data presented in this release were obtained from the fetal death certificates (Municipal Form No. 103A) submitted by the City/Municipal Registrars from all over the country to the Office of the Civil Registrar General. Figures presented included only those fetal deaths which occurred in 2011 and were reported from January 2011 to March 2012. Figures presented were not adjusted for under registration.

Fetal deaths up by 1.0 percent Number of fetal deaths high in Total fetal deaths recorded in September 2011 were 8,173, an increase of 78 or 1.0 percent from the 2011 figure of 8,095. The highest number of fetal deaths in 2011 was reported in Nine regions reported increases September at 825, same as last year. It in fetal mortalities. The highest increase recorded 825 fetal deaths with a daily was recorded in SOCCSKSARGEN with average of 28 fetal deaths. Last year’s 30.0 percent, followed by Caraga Region record was 786 with daily average of 26 with 22.8 percent and Bicol, 21.0 percent. fetal deaths. This showed an increase of 4.96 percent from 2010 record. CALABARZON, National Capital Region (NCR), and Central Visayas were the regions with the highest number of

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 85

As in 2010, August still ranked as nonmedical attended fetal deaths was second in 2011 with a daily average of 25 9.25 fetal deaths and a daily index of 113.2 during the month. NCR had the highest number of medically attended fetal deaths, about The third highest recorded fetal one in every five (22.5%). On the other deaths occurred in month of October with hand, ARMM had the least number of 744 total fetal deaths compared to 708 of medically attended fetal deaths with 2. 2010. It had 24 daily average fetal deaths with a daily index of 109.1. In general, eight out of ten fetal deaths reported were attended to by June, as being the month with the physicians (6,716 or 82.2%), while 794 or least occurrence of fetal deaths in 2010 9.7 percent were attended by traditional with 603 occupied the sixth position in birth attendants (hilots) (Table 6.6). 2011’s record with 708 fetal deaths, a daily average of 24 and a daily index of 107.3 (Table 6.5). FIGURE 4 Percent Distribution of Fetal Deaths by Attendant at Death: 2011 FIGURE 3 Daily Index of Fetal Deaths by Month of Occurrence: 2010-2011

Disorders related to short gestation and low birth was the most leading Nine in every ten fetal deaths are cause of fetal death medically attended Disorders related to short Medically attended fetal deaths’ gestation and low birth, not elsewhere that were attended either by physicians, classified was the main cause of fetal nurses, and midwives were accounted for death with 4,503 cases or 55.1 percent of 9 out of every 10, numbering 7,373 in the total fetal death. 2011. This showed an increase of 1.9 percent compared to 2010’s 7,235, while Intrauterine hypoxia was the 797 (9.8%) fetal deaths were attended by second leading cause of death with 592 nonmedical personnel. The ratio of fetal mortalities or 7.2 percent. The third medically attended fetal deaths to

86 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

was other congenital malformations, not deaths with 1,036 or 23.3 percent (Table elsewhere classified which had 296 6.8). (3.6%) death cases. These top three leading causes of fetal deaths were consistently the most risky causes of deaths among fetuses for three consecutive years (2009-2011) (Table 6.7).

Six out of ten fetal deaths occur to non-married parents

Legitimate fetal deaths are born to couples who are legally married but illegitimate fetal deaths are born by parents who are not legally married.

A higher percentage of fetal deaths were born to non-married parents (54.5%), simply called illegitimate fetal deaths. Fetal deaths with illegitimate status accounted for the remaining 3,719 (45.5%).

Calabarzon registered the most number of fetal deaths (1,547 cases or 18.9 % of the total). Similarly, Calabarzon had the biggest portion of “legitimate” fetal deaths with 678 or 18.23 percent. On the other hand, the NCR had the highest percentage of “illegitimate” fetal

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 87

TABLE 6.1 Median Age at First Birth by Background Characteristics

Median age at first birth among women age 25-49 years, by current age and background characteristics: 2010-2011

Women Background Characteristics Current Age Age 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 25-49

Residence Urban 24.1 24.5 24.3 24.4 24.3 24.3 Rural 22.2 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.5

Region NCR 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 24.8 24.9 CAR 22.6 23.2 23.0 23.9 23.4 23.1 I - Ilocos Region 23.1 23.6 23.1 23.4 23.4 23.3 II - Cagayan Valley 22.1 22.9 22.3 23.9 22.7 22.7 III - Central Luzon 23.3 23.5 24.0 23.2 23.6 23.5 IVA - CALABARZON 23.8 24.5 23.8 24.6 24.6 24.2 IVB - MIMAROPA 22.1 22.2 22.4 23.5 22.0 22.4 V - Bicol Region 22.3 23.4 23.4 23.3 22.8 23.0 VI - Western Visayas 23.3 23.9 24.1 23.1 24.1 23.6 VII - Central Visayas 23.7 23.4 23.5 23.7 23.1 23.5 VIII - Eastern Visayas 22.4 22.8 22.7 21.7 21.9 22.4 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 22.2 22.0 22.5 21.7 22.1 22.1 X - Northern Mindanao 22.7 22.9 23.4 22.4 21.9 22.7 XI - Davao Region 22. 7 23. 3 22. 8 22. 7 23. 4 23. 0 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 21.6 22.6 22.2 22.9 22.9 22.3 XIII - Caraga 22.7 23.1 22.5 22.5 22.4 22.7 ARMM 22.4 20.7 21.5 22.8 24.1 22.0

Education No grade completed 19.9 19.9 20.8 21.6 20.6 20.6 Elementary 20.2 20.4 20.9 20.9 21.4 20.8 High School 22.3 22.8 23.0 23.3 23.3 22.9 College or higher - 26.9 26.6 26.9 26.3 -

Total 23.2 23.6 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.4

Note : Dash denotes zero count Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey 88 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.2 Children Ever Born and Living

Percent distribution of all women and currently married women by number of children ever born (CEB) and mean number of children ever born and mean number of living children, by age group, Philippines: 2011

Mean Number Number Mean of of Number Age Number of Children Ever Born Women Children of Living Group 012345678910+Total ('000) Ever Born Children

All Women 15-19 92.7 6.1 1.1 0.1 ------100.0 4,279 0.08 0.08 20-24 57.2 25.8 12.8 3.5 0.7 0.1 -----100.0 3,642 0.65 0.64 25-29 27.2 25.7 24.1 13.4 6.2 2.3 0.9 0.2 - - - 100.0 3,183 1.57 1.53 30-34 15.6 18.5 24.2 19.0 11.7 5.7 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 100.0 3,007 2.35 2.28 35-39 9.8 11.4 20.1 21.4 14.7 9.4 6.3 3.6 1.8 1 0.5 100.0 2,753 3.13 3.01 40-44 8.8 8.9 16.4 18.7 15.3 11.8 8.1 4.5 3.4 1.9 2.3 100.0 2,465 3.67 3.52 45-49 8.1 8.2 13.2 17.7 15.6 11.8 8.7 6.0 4.9 2.4 3.4 100.0 2,214 4.02 3.80 Total 39.8 14.7 14.5 11.5 7.6 4.7 3.1 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 100.0 22,477 1.85 1.78

Currently Married Women 15-19 32.5 53.4 12.6 1.1 0.1 0.3 -----100.0 133 0.84 0.80 20-24 12.8 47.9 30.0 7.3 1.7 0.2 0.1 ----100.0 884 1.38 1.36 25-29 6.9 30.0 32.6 18.0 8.1 3.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 - - 100.0 1,733 2.06 2.00 30-34 5.0 18.7 27.4 22.0 14.2 6.5 3.9 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 100.0 2,148 2.70 2.62 35-39 3.1 10.5 21.5 24.1 16.1 10.1 7.1 4.0 1.9 1.1 0.5 100.0 2,164 3.42 3.30 40-44 3.4 7.4 17.2 20.3 17.1 12.9 8.3 4.8 3.8 2.0 2.8 100.0 1,929 3.98 3.81 45-49 2.6 7.0 13.7 18.8 16.8 12.8 9.6 6.7 5.4 2.6 3.9 100.0 1,706 4.37 4.14

Total 5.2 17.8 23.0 19.5 13.3 8.2 5.4 3.0 2.1 1.1 1.2 100.0 10,726 3.11 2.99

Note : Dash denote zero count Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 89

TABLE 6.3 High-risk Fertility Behavior

Percent distribution of children born in the 12 months preceding the survey who are at an elevated risk of mortality, and the percent distribution of currently married women at risk of conceiving a child with an elevated risk of mortality by category of increased risk, Philippines: 2011

Percentage of Births 2011 FHS in Last 12 Months Risk Category Percentage Percentage of Births in the of Currently Last 12 Months Married Women 2005 FPS 2006 FPS

Not in any high risk category 53.7 26.5 49.4 50.8

In any avoidable high-risk category 46.2 73.5 50.6 49.2 Single high-risk category 30.0 32.8 35.7 26.8 Mother's age <18 years 3.1 0.4 3.9 - Mother's age <34years 4.0 15.1 1.7 4.2 Birth interval <24 months 11.0 8.0 12.0 11.3 Birth order >3 12.0 9.4 18.0 11.3

Multiple high-risk category 16.2 40.7 14.9 22.4 Age <18 & birth interval <24 months 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.4 Age <34 & birth interval <24 months 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.5 Age <34 & birth order >3 9.4 32.3 6.3 12.6 Age <34 & birth interval <24 months and birth order >3 1.3 2.9 1.3 2.4 Birth interval <24 months and birth order >3 4.5 4.7 6.4 4.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Number ('000) 1,846 13,271

Note : Dash denotes zero count or less than 0.05 percent For 2005 to 2006 FPS and 2011 FHS, estimates of percentage of children born with elevated risk of mortality are based on reported births for the 12-month period preceding the survey. Percentages may not add to 100 percent due to rounding. Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey 90 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.4 Number, Percent Distribution and Percent Change of Fetal Deaths by Region of Occurrence: 2010-2011

2011 2010 Percent Region of Occurrence Number Percent Number Percent Change

Philippines 8,173 100.0 8,095 100.0 1.0

NCR 1,524 18.6 1,721 21.3 (11.4) CAR 105 1.3 123 1.5 (14.6) I - Ilocos Region 587 7.2 560 6.9 4.8 II - Cagayan Valley 162 2.0 177 2.2 (8.5) III - Central Luzon 602 7.4 507 6.3 18.7 IVA - CALABARZON 1,547 18.9 1,462 18.1 5.8 IVB - MIMAROPA 255 3.1 244 3.0 4.5 V - Bicol Region 554 6.8 458 5.7 21.0 VI - Western Visayas 530 6.5 522 6.4 1.5 VII - Central Visayas 968 11.8 992 12.3 (2.4) VIII - Eastern Visayas 235 2.9 195 2.4 20.5 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 150 1.8 187 2.3 (19.8) X - Northern Mindanao 332 4.1 341 4.2 (2.6) XI - Davao Region 285 3.5 345 4.3 (17.4) XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 208 2.5 160 2.0 30.0 XIII - Caraga 124 1.5 101 1.2 22.8 ARMM 5 0.1 - - -

Source : National Statistics Office HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 91

TABLE 6.5 Daily Average and Daily Index of Fetal Deaths by Region of Occurrence: 2010-2011

Number Daily Average Daily Index Month of Occurrence 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010

Total 8,173 8,095 22 22 100.0 100.0

January 674 721 22 23 98.8 104.9 February 535 604 19 22 86.9 97.3 March 615 657 21 21 93.2 95.6 April 538 611 18 20 81.5 91.8 May 641 631 21 20 94.0 91.8 June 708 603 24 20 107.3 90.6 July 716 714 23 23 105.0 103.9 August 772 730 25 24 113.2 106.2 September 825 786 28 26 125.0 118.1 October 744 708 24 23 109.1 103.0 November 720 717 24 24 109.1 107.8 December 685 613 22 20 100.4 89.2

Source : National Statistics Office 92 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 6.6 Number of Fetal Deaths by Type of Attendant and by Region: 2011

Type of Attendant Traditional Birth Not Total Physician Nurse Midwife Attendants Others Stated

Philippines 8,173 6,716 45 612 794 3 3 -- NCR 1,705 1,556 89348- - CAR 116 112 1 2 1 - - I - Ilocos Region 580 468 6 61 45 - - II - Cagayan Valley 157 134 - 12 10 1 III - Central Luzon 588 486 4 55 42 1 IVA - CALABARZON 1,379 1,005 10 152 212 - - IVB - MIMAROPA 255 195 4 19 35 2 V - Bicol Region 556 432 3 24 96 1 - VI - Western Visayas 530 453 1 23 53 - - VII - Central Visayas 969 754 3 106 106 - - VIII - Eastern Visayas 235 214 - 9 12 - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 148 138 - 3 7 - - X - Northern Mindanao 334 275 2 18 39 - - XI - Davao Region 287 225 1 17 43 - 1 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 211 163 2 14 32 - - XIII - Caraga 121 104 - 4 13 - - ARMM 22-- ---

Source : National Statistics Office HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 93

TABLE 6.7 Number and Percent Distribution of Fetal Deaths by Ten Leading Causes of Deaths: 2010-2011

Rank Cause of Death ICD-10 Number Percent

All Causes --- 8,173 100

Ten leading causes of deaths 6,074 74.3 1 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth, not elsewhere classified P07 4,503 55.1 2 Intrauterine hypoxia P20 592 7.2 3 Other congenital malformations not elsewhere classified Q89 296 3.6 4 Disorders related to long gestation and high birth weight P08 194 2.4 5 Other intestinal obstructions of newborns P76 176 2.2 6 Anencephaly and similar malformations Q00 93 1.1 7 Other conditions of integument specific to fetuses and newborns P83 70 0.9 8 Congenital hydrocephalus Q03 53 0.6 9 Bacterial sepsis of newborns P36 52 0.6 10 Other congenital malformations of the heart Q24 45 0.6

All other causes 2,099 25.7

Source : National Statistics Office 94 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.8 Number and Percent Distribution of Fetal Deaths by Legiltimacy Status and Age Group: 2011

Legitimate Illegitimate Age of Mother Total Number Percent Number Percent

Total 8,173 3,719 100.0 4,454 100.0

Under 15 7 0 0.0 7 0.2 15-19 708 62 2 646 14.5 20-24 1,757 492 13 1,265 28.4 25-29 1,872 903 24 969 21.8 30-34 1,809 1,042 28 767 17.2 35-39 1,209 778 21 431 9.7 40-44 604 396 11 208 4.7 45-49 59 37 1 22 0.5 50 and Over 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Not Stated 147 9 0 138 3.1 Not Applicable 1 0 0.0 1 0.0

Source : National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 95

TABLE 6.9 Number and Percent Distribution of Fetal Deaths by Legitimacy Status and by Region of Usual Residence of Mother: Philippines, 2011

Legitimacy Status Total Legitimate Illegitimate Region (Usual Residence) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Philippines 8,173 100.0 3,719 100.0 4,454 99.7

NCR 1,524 18.6 488 13.1 1,036 23.3 CAR 105 1.3 55 1.5 50 1.1 I - Ilocos Region 587 7.2 336 9.0 251 5.6 II - Cagayan Valley 162 2.0 92 2.5 70 1.6 III - Central Luzon 602 7.4 258 6.9 344 7.7 IVA - CALABARZON 1,547 18.9 678 18.2 869 19.5 IVB - MIMAROPA 255 3.1 134 3.6 121 2.7 V - Bicol Region 554 6.8 256 6.9 298 6.7 VI - Western Visayas 530 6.5 261 7.0 269 6.0 VII - Central Visayas 968 11.8 485 13.0 483 10.8 VIII - Eastern Visayas 235 2.9 87 2.3 148 3.3 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 150 1.8 86 2.3 64 1.4 X - Northern Mindanao 332 4.1 180 4.8 152 3.4 XI - Davao Region 285 3.5 155 4.2 130 2.9 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 208 2.5 108 2.9 100 2.2 XIII - Caraga 124 1.5 56 1.5 68 1.5 ARMM 50.140.110.0

Source : National Statistics Office Section VII - DEFENSE, CRIME AND DELINQUENCY

Crime Indicators substance in the data presented in the First Quarter 2012 following discussion.

The Revised Penal Code of 1990 classified crimes either as public or private. Public crimes are those that directly endanger the society and its constituents such as those committed against national security, laws of the state, public order, public interest, and public morals, including drug-related offenses and those committed by public officers in the performance of their duty as civil servants. Private crimes, on the other hand, are those that afflict individuals or persons directly but endanger society on the whole, such as crimes against persons (destruction of life, parricide, murder, homicide, infanticide and abortion, and physical injuries); personal liberty and security; and crimes against property, chastity, and honor. Introduction In measuring crime volume, a The government agency distinct classification is used. Crimes are mandated to enforce the law, to prevent classified into index and non-index and control crimes, to maintain peace categories. Index crimes are those of and order, and to ensure public safety serious nature which occur with marked and internal security with the active frequency and regularity. Crimes against support of the community is the persons and crimes against property Philippine National Police (PNP). being normally reported to police authorities exemplify index crimes. Non- The PNP's collective effort to index crimes, on the other hand, are address areas of priority, namely, the those with no marked regularity, hence, campaigns against illegal drugs, illegal seldom find report in police files. gambling, terrorism, street crimes, kidnapping, bank robberies, hi-jacking, carnapping, and those against wanted persons and criminal gangs, as well as the accounting of firearms, and insurgency or communist terrorists find

96 DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 97

Analysis of Tables (10.1%), and CALABARZON (8.9%). At the bottom was the Autonomous Region Crime volume down by 17.0 in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) with a percent report of 220 (.04%) crimes and with a corresponding efficiency of 13.6 FIGURE 1 Total Crime Volume percent. (Table 7.1). and Efficiency Rate First Quarter 2011 and 2012 Index crimes down 20.3 percent Total crime volume

70,000 Efficiency rate 60.0 Total volume of index crimes went down to 20.3 percent in the first 60,000 50.0 quarter 2012 from 66,179 in the same period in 2011. This was a dent of more 50,000 40.0 than 8 thousand incident solved index crimes numbered only 8,470 for an 40,000 30.0 equivalent efficiency rate of 25.3 30,000 percent. An increase of 5.8 percentage Crime volumeCrime 20.0 Efficiency rate points in efficiency was observed in this 20,000 period, from 19.5 percent in the first 10.0 quarter of 2011 (Table 7.2). 10,000

Index crimes occur the most in NCR 0 0.0 1st Qtr 2012 1st Qtr 2011 NCR reported a total of 9,259

cases for a 27.6 percent share in the A total of 54,860 crimes were first quarter of 2012. Central Visayas reported in the first quarter of 2012 came close with 11.2 percent of the against 66,179 in the same period of crimes with an efficiency rate of 21.8 2011. Volume decreased by more than percent. Central Luzon came on third 11 thousand incidents or by 17.1 with 10.5 percent, and so with percent. Solved crimes numbered only CALABARZON (7.4%), and Northern 18,917 or an efficiency of 52.9 percent. Mindanao (7.8%). Comparing the efficiency levels in the two quarters under review, this quarter’s On the other hand, the ARMM rating doubled from that of the previous reported the least in both periods, 170 (Table 7.1). (.05%)in the first quarter of 2012 from

168 (.03%) in the same period in 2011 Metro Manila reports a fourth of (Table 7.2). total crimes Non-index crimes down by half Across regions, the National Capital Region (NCR) or Metro Manila By nomenclature, non-index recorded the bulk of crimes committed, crimes do not occur regularly, hence, 13,974 for an equivalent 25.5 percent, they number less than index crimes. A Central Luzon on second spot reported decrease in such crimes was observed 12.0 percent of the total or 6,604 in the period under review, a total of crimes. Other regions which reported 13,138 crimes of this type was reported more crimes included Central Visayas in the first quarter 2012 from 24,143 in the same period in 2011 or a decrease of more than 13 thousand or by 54.4

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percent. Efficiency rates moved up to Reports from the regions 94.9 percent from 36.0 percent (Table reflected volume increases and 7.2). decreases. It was in NCR where the bulk of these crimes took place, 21.8 NCR registered the bulk of non- percent of the total. Central Luzon was index crimes with 15.6 percent of the second with 11.5 percent as total in the first quarter period of 2012. CALABARZON came on third with 9.6 CALABARZON came on second place percent. The ARMM had the least with a with 15.2 percent share. The ARMM report of .07 percent share (Table 7.3). reported the least in this category, from .03 percent in 2011 to .006 percent in FIGUREFIGURE 3 3 Crime Crime Against Persons Persons 2012, all of first quarter (Table 7.2). FirstFirst Quarter Quarter 2011 and and 2012 2012

FIGURE2 Index and Non-Index Crimes First Qtr 2012 First Quarter 2011 and 2012 20,000 First Qtr 2011 18,000 16,000 45,000 42,036 First Qtr 2012 14,000 12 , 2 17 40,000 First Qtr 2011 12,000 35,000 33,490 10,000 9,192 Number 8,000 30,000 24,143 6,000 25,000 21,370 4,000 20,000 2,169 2,109 Number 2,000 726 918 1, 18 5 1, 2 4 2 15,000 - 10,000 Mur der Phy s ic al 5,000 injury 0 Type of Crime Index crimes Non-index crimes

Type of crime Crime against property slows down by almost a fourth of the total Crime against persons slips to 19.5 percent Volume of crimes committed against property went down by 22.4 Crimes committed against percent, from 23,521` in 2011 first persons dented to 19.5 percent, from quarter to only 18,265 in the 2012 first 16,486 in first quarter 2011 to quarter. Majority of these crimes were 13,027236 in 2012 quarter. reported to be theft (61.4%) and the other was robbery (38.6%). By type of crime, that on physical injury was the biggest with NCR reported the biggest crime 9,192 incidents (69.3%). Murder was volume of this kind, 5,945 (32.6%) and second with 16.3 percent share, rape followed closely by Central Visayas at 8.9 percent, while the least went to 2,331 (12.8%) and Central Luzon at homicide at 5.5 percent. 1,964(10.8%). At the cellar was ARMM with a crime report of 19 cases (.01%) (Table 7.4).

DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 99

the objective to acquire “dirty money” through their illicit activities. Thus, denying the OCGs to enjoy the fruits of their criminal act can serve as effective deterrence to these groups. Along this line of argument, the Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) or Republic Act (RA) 9160 was enacted in 2001, and amended by RA 9194. Among others, the AMLA criminalizes money laundering and provides for the penalties therefore, and the freezing and forfeiture of assets.

The international law enforcement community has yet to find a universally accepted definition for OCG. In the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, organized crime group is characterized as a “structured group of three or more persons existing for a period of time and Kidnap for Ransom Incidence acting in concert with the aim of 2012 committing one or more serious crimes or offenses established pursuant to this Despite the gains achieved in Convention, in order to obtain, directly, the area of law enforcement, the or indirectly, a financial or other material problem on organized crime has benefit.” On the other hand, based on persisted. This is mainly because of the the definition adopted by Philippine law fact that while our law enforcement enforcement agencies, organized crime agencies have taken strides in group is a profit motivated and highly advancing their techniques in crime capable group of persons or an investigation, detection and control, enterprise organized to undertake criminals have likewise skillfully widespread, regular or long term, large organized themselves to keep up with scale, high profile and diversified the pace. Moreover, with the vast criminal activities that has high- impact amount of resources at their disposal, on the economy and national security . organized crime groups (OCGs) have The latter definition, in effect, covers procured the best brains and acquired wider range of groups and may include in the most sophisticated and advanced terrorist groups that threaten the technology to serve their illicit ends, security of the state. Nevertheless, a giving them pronounced advantage over common denominator exists among legitimate institutions to include even these groups as can be deduced from government and law enforcement the various definitions, - that is their agencies. common objective to acquire “dirty money” through a premeditated criminal It has been said that the act or acts. common denominator among OCGs is

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In the Philippines, “acts of • the kidnapping or detention terrorism” have been resorted to by the shall have lasted more than five (5) so-called domestic threat groups in days; furthering their respective causes. • if it shall have been committed These are the local communist simulating public authority; movement, the secessionist movement and the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). • if any serious physical injuries Overtime, their guerilla or criminal shall have been inflicted upon the activities have acquired adherents, to a person kidnapped or detained, or if certain extent, to their cause by threats to kill him shall have been made; exposing popular and critical issues and if the victim shall be minor, female against the duly constituted government. or public officer. Bombings, bus burning, and kidnapping are just some of their major “acts of The death penalty shall be terrorism.” meted to a person whose activity is done for the purpose of extorting Of late, these activities, ransom, even if none of the especially kidnapping activities circumstances mentioned above were perpetrated by criminal groups, became present in the commission of the quite sophisticated, including obtaining offense. inside information about net worth of assets and knowing which families were Operational style holding large sums of cash. Their targets include local and foreign tourists, Perpetrators of kidnapping have and Chinese-Filipino nationals. some peculiar operational style that distinguishes one group from the other. Definition of kidnapping for Some groups are contented with money ransom given immediately by the victims' families/relatives while others are Philippine jurisprudence defines capable of prolonged negotiations for a kidnapping for ransom as “the unlawful bigger ransom. Some groups are crude taking and carrying away of a person by in executing their plan while others do it force or fraud or against his will, or in with precision and finesse. However, any manner depriving him of his liberty most cases of kidnapping particularly for the purpose of extorting ransom as those undertaken by criminal groups, payment for his/her release.” revealed the following stages:

Punishment Spotting . The first step in planning a kidnapping operation is to It is punishable under the come up with a shopping list of three to Revised Penal Code of the Philippines four possible targets that are capable of which provides that any individual who paying a huge amount of ransom. kidnaps or detains another, or in any Targets are usually businessmen of manner deprive him of his liberty, shall Chinese descent. suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death, if: Surveillance . Targets are then subjected to a thorough surveillance and investigation. The investigation focuses on the financial capability, home

DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 101

address and place of work, phone cellular phone for ease of numbers, complete description of the communication during the actual pay- vehicle being used, travel routes, off. There were instances where identities of household helpers, drivers couriers were given a round-the-bush and employees, and personal security of before reaching the final pay-off venue. potential targets. Professional groups normally release the victims after the pay-off had been Risk analysis and target secured. selection. After a thorough investigation, the group selects one of Even with the “no ransom policy” the targets, which present a lower risk of the government, it was noted that the and difficulty in ransom negotiation. In victims' family easily give in to the some cases, the group selects the one demands of the kidnappers, with whom the group had gathered the minimum negotiations. Usually, information first. In order to enhance kidnapping victims are released in 3 to 6 precision in their operation, some group days, after ransom money has been send out members of the syndicate to paid. apply as drivers, employees, and household helps to gain further access Some statistics on kidnap for on the target. ransom

Seizing of victim. The time In 2003, kidnapping for ransom allotted for forcibly taking the victim is incidents posted a record-high 82 usually two to three hours. The victim is incidents with 107 victims kidnapped. usually forcibly taken on his/her way to Seventy-one (71) of the kidnapping place of work or while going home after incidents or 86.0 percent transpired in work. Most of the victims are Luzon and Visayas perpetrated by successfully intercepted while crossing criminal groups whose main purpose is road intersections or traveling along for the members' financial gain. Only 11 highly traveled streets. or 14.0 percent of this total happened in the southern part of the Philippines Negotiation. Ransom demand whose perpetrators are members of the may range from PhP1 million to PhP100 terrorist group (ASG) and domestic million, depending on the paying threat groups (MILF and MBG). The capacity of the victim and the ransom money from these terrorist operational capability of the group. The kidnappings are reportedly used to buy weakest member of the victim's family is sophisticated weapons/equipment and usually selected by the syndicate to act for training of new members here and as negotiator, warning the latter not to abroad. report the incident to the concerned police authorities. A total of PhP1.2 billion ransom money was demanded by various Collection of ransom. After the kidnap for ransom groups. However, ransom has been negotiated, the group only an estimated PhP50.50 million has will design a pay-off procedure. The been paid. There are strong indications ransom is usually brought to a that the Southern parts of the predesignated site. In some pay-off Philippines are being utilized by the situations, however, the ransom courier ASG kidnappers to hide their victims is usually instructed to bring along a while negotiations are going on.

102 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Authorities believe that these and fled separately towards different kidnappers are somewhat connected ASG strongholds. After more than one with some domestic threat groups year, the authorities were able to rescue thereat such as the MBG and the MILF. the last kidnapped American victim Gracia Burnham. The other two victims One of the sensational identified as Filipina Ediborah Yap was kidnapping incidents in the Philippines released and American Martin Burnham transpired on April 27, 2000 when the was killed. Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) forcibly took twenty one (21) persons including ten During the last quarter of 2003, (10) foreigners in Sipadan, Malaysia. five (5) workers, four of them This is reportedly the first operation of Indonesian nationals and one (1) the ASG outside the Philippine territory. Filipino, were kidnapped from Borneo The perpetrators brought the victims to Paradise Eco-Farm Beach Resort, Mindanao while negotiating for ransom Lahad , Sabah, Malaysia by the payment with victim's families. The terrorists under IBRAHIM, the cousin of hostages were released after 6 months ASG leader Khadafi Janjalani. but not after executing six (6) local Reportedly, the hostages were divided kidnap victims, including a priest who into groups and separately brought to was used as human shield during their Patikul and Indanan in Sulu. The other escape. ASG group is under @ BULOY. Police actions are still going on to rescue the Two groups belonging to the victims and neutralize the perpetrators. Abu Sayyaf Group were identified as the kidnap for ransom group bearing Government initiatives to fight transnational dimension. The first group, kidnap for ransom which was composed of five (5) armed sub-groups led by Ghalib Andang @ In line with the global fight Commander Robot who was captured against terrorism, the Arroyo on December 7, 2003, was responsible Administration formulated a 14-point for the kidnapping of twenty-one (21) agenda (Memorandum 37) to combat foreign nationals at Sipadan Beach terrorism wherein the National Security Resort, Sabah Malaysia, while the Adviser was directed to undertake a second group led by Jundam Hadjirul @ special intelligence coordinating project Black Killer, was responsible in the to consolidate all sources of information kidnapping of four (4) Indonesian sailors relevant to the government response on June 17, 2002 at Sulu Sea. against terrorism.

On May 27, 2001, the same Abu The Philippine government is Sayyaf Group, armed and clad in also keeping pace with the security military uniform and on board two (2) developments involving transnational fast moving watercrafts, raided the Dos crime thru the Philippine Center on Palmas Beach Resort in Honda Bay, Transnational Crime (PCTC). The Puerto Princesa, Palawan. The group PCTC's primary functions, among others forcibly took twenty (20) persons, mostly are: to establish a shared central local and foreign tourists, and brought database among government agencies them to the provinces of Sulu and for information on criminals, Basilan in Southern Mindanao. The methodologies, arrests and convictions victims were divided into four (4) groups

DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 103

regarding transnational crimes; to the country. The Department of the explore and coordinate information Interior and Local Government, the exchanges and training with other Department of National Defense, the agencies, foreign countries and Department of Justice and the international organizations; to supervise Department of Transportation and and control the conduct of anti- Communications play key roles in the transnational crime operations of all campaign against kidnapping. The task government agencies and force employs a three-pronged instrumentalities; to establish a shared approach that provides extra reach to central database on national as well as the long arms of the law to combat international legislation and kidnapping in the country: deterrence - jurisprudence on transnational crime; by sending clear signal of punishment to and to establish a central programs and members of kidnapping syndicates, project aimed at enhancing national relentless crackdown on kidnappers, capacity building in combating and participation of the citizenry in the transnational crimes as well as campaign. supporting the related programs and projects of other ASEAN and international centers. Analysis of Tables

To ensure the effectiveness of Number of kidnap-for-ransom the government's drive against incidents down 6.5 percent kidnapping, President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo on July 12, 2002 organized the Kidnap-for-ransom incidents in Police Anti-Crime Emergency Response the country numbered 29 in 2012 from (PACER) unit. The unit adopted the 49 in 2009 or a decrease of 40.8 cohesive military-style tactics to go after percent. CALABARZON (7) the kidnappers and drug dealers including National Capital Region (NCR) and their financial and support network. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) (with 6 a piece) Further, Administrative Order 68 reported a combined 19 incidents or was issued on April 18, 2003 by the 65.5 percent of the total. President, which paved the way for the institutionalization of the Counter- By status of the reported 39 Terrorism Intelligence Center (CTIC) victims, 22 (56.4%) were released, 7 which is tasked to provide the overall (17.9%) were still held captive, 10 coordination in the conduct of (25.6%) rescued, while no reported intelligence operations against local and escape, or killing. global terrorism.

Suspects involved in the crime To add more teeth to the summed 99. Arrested were 17 (17.2%), government anti-kidnapping campaign, 75 (75.8%) were at large and 7 (7.1%) the President on October 13, 2003, got killed. created the National Anti-Kidnapping Task Force. The mission of the task force is to lead a national, integrated, Ransom paid in 2012 comprehensive and synchronized effort amounted to PhP8.9 million from to reduce, if not eliminate kidnapping in PhP4.0 million in 2009, which saw a doubling over time. (Table 7.5).

104 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 7.1 Total Crime Volume and Efficiency Rate by Region First Quarter 2011 and 2012

First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 54,860 18,917 52.9 66,179 16,888 25.5 NCR 13,974 5,745 41.1 8,463 4,677 55.3 CAR 1,789 538 30.1 3,594 322 9.0 I - Ilocos Region 2,764 1,463 52.9 2,847 996 35.0 II - Cagayan Valley 921 322 35.0 1,342 341 25.4 III - Central Luzon 6,604 1,747 26.5 11,353 1,383 12.2 IVA - CALABARZON 4,896 2,235 45.6 6,594 1,939 29.4 IVB - MIMAROPA 705 241 34.2 1,309 258 19.7 V - Bicol Region 2,574 665 25.8 3,528 794 22.5 VI - Western Visayas 1,945 564 29.0 2,487 859 34.5 VII - Central Visayas 5,565 1,870 33.6 6,732 1,726 25.6 VIII - Eastern Visayas 1,313 464 35.3 2,523 416 16.5 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,916 474 24.7 2,124 456 21.5 X - Northern Mindanao 3,471 711 20.5 4,601 409 8.9 XI - Davao Region 3,202 748 23.4 4,801 993 20.7 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,972 804 40.8 2,402 1,001 41.7 Caraga 1,029 296 28.8 1,238 257 20.8 ARMM 220 30 13.6 241 61 25.3

Source: Philippine National Police

TABLE 7.2 Index and Non-index Crimes by Region First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Index Crimes

Region First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011 Volume SolvedEfficiency Volume Solved Efficiency Rate Rate

Philippines 33,490 8,470 25.29 42,036 8,194 19.5 NCR 9,259 3,079 33.25 5,540 2,529 45.6 CAR 989 304 30.74 2,260 177 7.8 I - Ilocos Region 825 266 32.24 1,616 492 30.4 II - Cagayan Valley 620 189 30.48 889 190 21.4 III - Central Luzon 3,529 692 19.61 6,336 660 10.4 IVA - CALABARZON 2,493 782 31.37 4,064 810 19.9 IVB - MIMAROPA 357 101 28.29 687 126 18.3 V - Bicol Region 1,505 305 20.27 1,896 344 18.1 VI - Western Visayas 1,495 304 20.33 1,722 332 19.3 VII - Central Visayas 3,773 822 21.79 4,839 753 15.6 VIII - Eastern Visayas 768 204 26.56 1,564 228 14.6 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,201 232 19.32 1,363 244 17.9 X - Northern Mindanao 2,618 357 13.64 3,462 215 6.2 XI - Davao Region 2,100 284 13.52 3,447 513 14.9 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,100 379 34.45 1,287 372 28.9 Caraga 688 148 21.51 896 163 18.2 ARMM 170 22 12.94 168 46 27.4

Continued DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 105

Table 7.2 -- Concluded

Non-index Crimes

First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 21,370 10,447 48.9 24,143 8,694 36.0 NCR 4,715 2,666 56.5 2,923 2,148 73.5 CAR 800 234 29.3 1,334 145 10.9 I-Ilocos Region 1,939 1,197 61.7 1,231 504 40.9 II - Cagayan Valley 301 133 44.2 453 151 33.3 III - Central Luzon 3,075 1,055 34.3 5,017 723 14.4 IVA - CALABARZON 2,403 1,453 60.5 2,530 1,129 44.6 IVB - MIMAROPA 348 140 40.2 622 132 21.2 V-Bicol Region 1,069 360 33.7 1,632 450 27.6 VI - Western Visayas 450 260 57.8 765 527 68.9 VII - Central Visayas 1,792 1,048 58.5 1,893 973 51.4 VIII - Eastern Visayas 545 260 47.7 959 188 19.6 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 715 242 33.8 761 212 27.9 X - Northern Mindanao 853 354 41.5 1,139 194 17.0 XI - Davao Region 1,102 464 42.1 1,354 480 35.5 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 872 425 48.7 1,115 629 56.4 XIII - Caraga 341 148 43.4 342 94 27.5 ARMM 50 8 16.0 73 15 20.5 Source: Philippine National Police TABLE 7.3 Crimes Against Persons by Region: First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Crime Against Persons

First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011

Region Physical Physical Total Murder Homicide Rape Total Murder Homicide Rape Injury Injury

Philippines 13,272 2,169 726 9,192 1,185 16,486 2,109 918 12,217 1,242 NCR 2,884 229 89 2,438 128 1,644 162 110 1,259 113 CAR 460 29 30 362 39 1,084 42 26 977 39 I-Ilocos Region 504 65 33 372 34 916 60 55 750 51 II - Cagayan Valley 311 61 21 205 24 472 60 29 350 33 III - Central Luzon 1,520 170 44 1,119 187 2,688 146 73 2,240 229 IVA - CALABARZON 1,272 320 78 657 217 1,708 310 110 1,077 211 IVB - MIMAROPA 266 64 15 145 42 415 60 20 298 37 V-Bicol Region 784 100 50 554 80 1,044 124 51 789 80 VI - Western Visayas 761 133 69 425 134 761 154 69 432 106 VII - Central Visayas 965 147 79 659 80 1,233 164 98 892 79 VIII - Eastern Visayas 430 108 37 259 26 741 116 45 549 31 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 655 161 45 406 43 688 120 42 465 61 X - Northern Mindanao 838 172 28 596 42 996 150 45 745 56 XI - Davao Region 689 146 41 472 30 1,112 164 63 851 34 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 542 130 38 334 40 510 134 45 279 52 XIII - Caraga 273 73 20 142 38 354 90 33 203 28 ARMM 118 61 9 47 1 120 53 4 61 2

Source: Philippine National Police 106 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 7.4 Crimes Against Property by Region: First Quarter 2011 and 2012

Crime Against Property

Region First Quarter 2012 First Quarter 2011 Total Robbery TheftTotal Robbery Theft

Philippines 18,258 7,050 11,208 23,521 7,868 15,653

NCR 5,747 2,518 3,229 3,453 1,587 1,866 CAR 501 153 348 1,158 303 855 I - Ilocos Region 272 72 200 633 109 524 II - Cagayan Valley 261 132 129 353 149 204 III - Central Luzon 1,781 686 1,095 3,310 1,044 2,266 IVA - CALABARZON 1,008 477 531 2,039 820 1,219 IVB - MIMAROPA 75 40 35 248 106 142 V - Bicol Region 689 216 473 817 244 573 VI - Western Visayas 683 236 447 904 224 680 VII - Central Visayas 2,664 924 1,740 3,443 1,244 2,199 VIII - Eastern Visayas 326 85 241 814 175 639 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 468 159 309 619 221 398 X - Northern Mindanao 1,602 507 1,095 2,251 611 1,640 XI - Davao Region 1,323 518 805 2,238 667 1,571 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 449 183 266 695 215 480 Caraga 369 125 244 507 140 367 ARMM 40 19 21 39 9 30

Source: Philippine National Police DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 107

TABLE 7.5 Number of Kidnap for Ransom Incidents by Status of Victims, by Status of Suspects, by Ransom Paid, by Cases Solved and by Region: 2012

Status of Victims Region Number of Still Held Incidents Escaped Killed Released Rescued Captive Total

Philippines 29 - - 22 10 7 39 NCR 6516 CAR ------I - Ilocos Region ------II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon 4 3115 IVA - CALABARZON 7 4217 IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas 122 VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - Eastern Visayas 3314 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------X - Northern Mindanao ------XI - Davao Region ------XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 12--2 Caraga 1---3 3 ARMM 6 - - 5 1.0 410

Status of Suspects Status of Case Ransom Under Paid ('000 Investigati Arrested At Large Killed Total Pesos) on Filed

Philippines 17 75 7 99 8,939.0 20 9 NCR 2 17 19 500.0 5 1 CAR ------I - Ilocos Region ------II - Cagayan Valley ------III - Central Luzon 5 4 4 13 335.0 2 2 IVA - CALABARZON 5 16 2 23 1,564.0 3 4 IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas 4 4 770.0 1 VIII - Eastern Visayas ------IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 6 6 5,070.0 3 X - Northern Mindanao ------XI - Davao Region ------XII - SOCCSKSARGEN - 10 - 10 - 1 - Caraga -213 - 1 - ARMM 1 20 21 700.0 5 1 Source: Philippine National Police PSA PUBLICATIONS PSA CONTACT INFORMATION

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