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The Development of Transportation in New Jersey

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The Development of Transportation in New Jersey You are viewing an archived copy from the New Jersey State Library ~Zz­ mm ~~ .... C ---t m _~--=:::::;~, ::am~ -< >< var­Z m 0.""'0 ):m::a~ -.... ....Z 00 Z." You are viewing an archived copy from the New Jersey State Library .. PROPERTY OF NEW JERSf.Y STATE. i...l8RARY NEW JERSEY: JUL 30 1975 ------- -- -------.R OF THE REVOLUTION 185 W. State Street News travelled across New Jersey fast by ho rseback in 1775, as described in this historical report of how an account of the Trenton,. N. J. opening shots of the Revolution at Lexington was carried by THE ~ a courier of the Continental Congress from New Haven, Connecticut, to Georgetown, South Carolina. _DEVELOPMENT Good statistical evidence indicates that well­ travelled New Jersey had the best road system in , the colonies at the time of the Revolution (After lea ving New York, th e dispatch started) on the OF fastest portion of the trip, the ninety-odd miles across New Jersey to Philadelphia. By 7:00 P.M. , it was at Elizabethtown; by 10:00 P.M., at Wood­ TRANSPORTATION bridge; and as the clocks struck midnight, the messenger crossed the Raritan to New Brunswick. He galloped into Princeton at 3:30 A.M. , reached Trenton in three hours; and finally arr ived in Phila­ IN delphia at noon on Wednesday - twenty-two hours o C~"""; from New York -a rate of almost a hundred miles * '~ >- ' " ,- ~ * l!" >.. a day ! After that things went more slowly . 1 * NEW JERSEY; o ~ * ~ t . ~ "' .~ * Those who travelled by carriage, however, were apparently * Z ....,"'. ; less enthusiastic about the conditions of the roads of that \-.) da y, as the fo llowing acc.ount of 1775 indicates. ~ March 9 ... From Trenton to Princeton is 12 miles, o the roads at present excessive bad . March 10. ?J if) Rose at 4 o'clock in the morning got into our Stage ... by 5 & set off . It was star light & a very sharp morn­ A Brief Historyg ing; the roads excessive bad . It continued so & the roads still most execrable till we came near o - \ Brunswick, wh ich is 18 miles from Princeton. To­ <: wards Brunswick the County opened, the Land o CD improved & the roads grew better ... 2 -=- ,""', -n p>...., :.;..... ..,. ..... :' ~ --; .r' ..~..... ... -olo~ Prepared By C) The .t:'iew Jersey. Deportment of Transpo rta 8 · , /<",<••-r-=•."t;. Office of Information Services. ' v r~ r ......::.=-,. _', " Early Commun ications." The Story of ~"'e..., ....,,) " Ph.D .• ed ., (lewis Histor ical Publishing C . J -" ~{-6 ~ , . lew York, 1945). pp. 47-48. cr .. ~ .\ . ... -. .. L , Colonial Panorama 1775, ''''''<f;' dena. 1939). p p . 22-23. Q.) 9 / /': '/ ) .,"'" ' ~ ~~ T 7w;' '< , ) / 9 ~/ You are viewing an archived copy from the New Jersey State Library CONTENTS Acknowledgements , , , . ~ Foreword . .. .. ... .. ii From Indian Trails to Hi ghways (Map) iii I. HIGHWAYS 1 "The Development of Tran s­ portation in New Jersey" has been II. RAILROADS ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. 17 reviewed by the New Jer sey Bicentennial Commission, which III. BUS TRANSIT . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 28 has approved the use of its official logo, and by the New Jersey IV. AViATION , 31 Department of Education, Division of Curriculum and Instruction, V. WATER AND PIPELINE 35 which has endorsed it 'for use as VI. THESTATETRANSPORTATIONAGENCY 39 a supplemental teaching aid in New Jersey schools. VII. AUTHORITIES AND OTHER AGENCIES 45 New Jersey Turnpike Authority , 45 New Jersey Highway Authority . , , 46 New Jersey Expressway Authority 47 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 47 Delaware River and Bay Authority 49 Delaware River Joint Toll Brid ge Commiss ion . , . 49 '. Delaware River Port Authority , 50 Division of Motor Vehicles 51 Board of.Public Utility Commissioners , 52 State Police 53 Office of Highway Safet y , 54 Library of Con gre ss Catalog Card Number : 74 _ 33981 VIII. LOOKING AHEAD 55 Bibliography © New Jer sey Department o f Tran sp ortati on 1975 58 You are viewing an archived copy from the New Jersey State Library acknowledgements foreword Acknowledgements and thanks for ass istance and advice is preparing this The development of transportation in brief history must go to the many authori­ New Jersey has nourished the State's ties and agencies. railroad, bus and growth and progress from a sparsely popu­ pipeline companies and other State Depart­ lated agr icultural State to a highly urbanized , ments that gave time and effort in research­ economy, dynamic and versatile in ing . gathering and compiling information industrial productivity. and illustrations. As the need for improved communica­ Special thanks are extended to John T. tions and transportation increased. what at Cunningham for permission to use informa­ first were a few Indian trails and natural tion from his series of articles contained waterways evolved into networks of high­ in " Railroading in New Jersey." His way, railroad . aviation, marine, and pipe­ material served as a guide in developing the line fac ilit ies . These five modes of trans­ railroad section and helped to enliven the portation today serve the State and the story of New Jersey's ra ilroads. Nation close by each other in a unique Credit must be given to the New Jersey transportation complex in the area sur ­ Historical Society, whose publication , rounding Newark International Airport. "New Jersey - A History," has been the With the he ightened emphasis on pro­ principal source of information on the tecting and enhancing the environment State's early roads. The Department also and on conserving energy has come greater expresses its appreciation to Howard A. recognition of the need to improve and Bueschel, whose publicatlon. "New Jersey expand mass transportation services and Aviation Flying Fair," served as a source to make more efficient use of the trans­ in preparing the story of aviation in the portation facilities handed down from the State. and to Dr. Will iam Wright, Associate past. It is to these objectives that this Director of the New Jersey Historical booklet is dedicated. Commission , for his guidance and assis­ I hope you will find this brief history of tance in preparing the final text. transportation in New Jersey from Colonial Photographs and illustrations, other than times to our Nation's Bicentennial both ~ . from the Department's files, were provided interesting and informative. by the Newark Public Library, pages 20 , 23, 24, 28, 32 ; Stevens Institute of Technology, page 18; Port Authority of New York and 30,34,36,48: Delaware New Jersey, pages ~~M- River Port Authority, page 50 ; New Jersey Turnpike Authority, page 45 : New Jersey Highway Authority , page 46; and the New Jersey State Police, page 54. Alan Sagner Commissioner You are viewing an archived copy from the New Jersey State Library I. HIGHWAYS .. ""' <, <, The first overland travel arteries in New Jersey were the trails which connected seasonal hunting grounds of the native Indians. It was from the network they formed that the earliest roads grew. Largely footpaths only twelve to eighteen inches in FROM width, they connected the natural waterways and inland points INDIAN and provided long overland routes. Trails, paths and roads in use by the inhabitants of New , TRAILS Jersey during the Colonial Period included the Minisink and Manahawkin Trails, Old Burlington Path and the Upper and TO Lower Roads. HIGHWAYS The Minisink Trail afforded a route for the Minisink Indians to travel from their Pennsylvan ia hunting grounds to the sea­ shore. There they obtained fish for food and shells for wam­ pum. The trail started at Minisink Island in the Delaware River below Port Jervis, went north of Morristown, west of Spring­ field, six miles west of Elizabethtown, four miles west of Amboy, through Shrewsbury, then to the sea. A branch of this trail began near Cheesequake and continued to Cape May via Freehold, Toms River, Tuckerton and Absecon. Indians traveling from the shores of the Delaware River near Camden to the vicinity of Tuckerton used the Manahawkin Trail, which passed through Shamong and Wash ington before reaching the coast. The Old Burlington Path originated in Monmouth County near Sandy Hook, passed through Shrewsbury, Middletown, skirted Fr~ehold, and went through Allentown, Crosswicks, Bordentown, Burlington and Haddonfield on its way to Salem. The Upper Road, or High Road, was a combination of several trails used by the Dutch and afforded a route between ". New Amsterdam and their Lower Delaware settlements. It ,. started at Elizabethtown, passed through Woodbridge and ______ MI N IS IN K TRAIL _ MINI SI NK TRAIL B R A N CH Piscataway, New Brunswick, Kingston, Princeton, Trenton, .-- • U p p E R ROAD _____ L O W E R ROAD into Pennsylvania to Bristol and Philadelphia, and on to New ~_.................. O L D B URLINGTON P A TH ......­ M A N AHAWKIN T R Ai l SOM E MA JOR H IG H W AYS Ca stle, Delaware. OF T ODA Y + A variatio n of this route, the Lower Road, branched off about five miles past New Brunswick, went down through CAPE MAY Cranbury and Burlington, and crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania at Mattinicunk Island halfway between Burling­ Travel Corridors In New Jersey You are viewing an archived copy from the New Jersey State Library 2 3 ton and Bristol. through South Amboy to jo in the Old Burlington Path . Both the Upper and Lower Roads, as well as the Old Burling­ The Province of West jersey first officially felt the need for a ton Path, became known as the King's Highway. road system in November, 1681, at which time it s General Assembly required that a road be built connecting Burlington PUBLIC ROADS LEGISLATION and Salem . In 1684, it enacted several more road proje cts The first movement toward formalizin g roads, as such, between Delaware River towns.
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