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IBM Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol for VM IBM Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol for VM: Glossary IBM IBM Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol for VM: Glossary ii VM TCP/IP Glossary About This Glossary This glossary contains technical terms that are used in the current TCP/IP for VM publications. It includes IBM product terminology as well as other company and product terms. Select terms have also been included from: The IBM Dictionary of Computing, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1994. The Internet Request for Comments: 1208, Glossary of Networking Terms. Notices IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. You can send license inquiries, in writing, to the IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, 500 Columbus Avenue, Thornwood, NY 10594, USA. Licensees of this program who wish to have information about it for the purpose of enabling: (i) the exchange of information between independently created programs and other programs (including this one) and (ii) the mutual use of the information which has been exchanged, should contact theIBM Corporation, Mail Station P300, 522 South Road, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601-5400, USA, Attention: Information Request. Such information may be available, subject to appropriate terms and conditions, including in some cases, payment of a fee. The licensed programs described in this document and all licensed material available for them are provided by IBM under terms of the IBM Customer Agreement. Trademarks The following terms are trademarks of IBM Corporation in the United States or other countries or both: ACF/VTAM AIX BookManager Common User Access CUA ES/9000 GDDM IBM Library Reader NetView Officevision OS/2 PC Network PROFS PS/2 RISC System/6000 SQL/DS System Application Architecture SAA System/370 VTAM Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture VM/ESA Other company, product, and service names, which may be denoted by a double asterisk (**), may be trademarks or service marks of others. Copyright IBM Corp. 1987, 1997 iii iv VM TCP/IP Glossary Glossary Glossary This glossary describes the most common terms associated with TCP/IP communication in an A internet environment, as used in this book. abend. The abnormal termination of a program or task. If you do not find the term you are looking for, see the IBM Dictionary of Computing, New York: abstract syntax. A description of a data McGraw-Hill, 1994. structure that is independent of machine-oriented structures and encodings. For abbreviations, the definition usually consists only of the words represented by the letters; for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). The complete definitions, see the entries for the words. OSI language for describing abstract syntax. Numerics active gateway. A gateway that is treated like a network interface in that it is expected to 3172. IBM Interconnect Controller. exchange routing information, and if it does not do so for a period of time, the route associated with 3174. IBM Establishment Controller. the gateway is deleted. 3270. Refers to a series of IBM display devices; active open. The state of a connection that is for example, the IBM 3275, 3276 Controller actively seeking a service. Contrast with passive Display Station, 3277, 3278, and 3279 Display open. Stations, the 3290 Information Panel, and the 3287 and 3286 printers. A specific device type is adapter. (1) A piece of hardware that connects a used only when a distinction is required between computer and an external device. (2) An auxiliary device types. Information about display terminal device or unit used to extend the operation of usage also refers to the IBM 3138, 3148, and another system. 3158 Display Consoles when used in display mode, unless otherwise noted. address. The unique code assigned to each device or workstation connected to a network. A 37xx Communication Controller. A network standard internet address uses a two-part, 32-bit interface used to connect a TCP/IP for VM or address field. The first part of the address field MVS network that supports X.25 connections. contains the network address; the second part NCP with X.25 NPSI must be running in the contains the local address. controller, and VTAM must be running on the host. address mask. A bit mask used to select bits 6611. IBM Network Processor. from an Internet address for subnet addressing. The mask is 32 bits long and selects the network 8232. IBM LAN Station. portion of the Internet address and one or more bits of the local portion. It is sometimes called a 9370. Refers to a series of processors, namely subnet mask. the IBM 9373 Model 20, the IBM 9375 Models 40 and 60, and the IBM 9377 Model 90 and other address resolution. A means for mapping models. network layer addresses onto media-specific addresses. See ARP. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). A protocol used to dynamically bind an internet address to a hardware address. ARP is implemented on a single physical network and is limited to networks that support broadcast addressing. Copyright IBM Corp. 1987, 1997 v Glossary address space. A collection of bytes that are responsible for establishing voluntary industry allocated, and in many ways managed, as a single standards. entity by CP. Each byte within an address space is identified by a unique address. An address ANSI. American National Standards Institute. space represents an extent of storage available to a program. Address spaces allocated by VM API. Application Program Interface. range in size from 64KB to 2GB. APPC. Advanced Program-to-Program Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX). IBM’s Communications. licensed version of the UNIX operating system. application. The use to which an information Advanced Program-to-Program processing system is put, for example, a payroll Communications (APPC). The interprogram application, an airline reservation application, a communication service within SNA LU 6.2 on network application. which the APPC/VM interface is based. application layer. The seventh layer of the OSI Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). (Open Systems Interconnection) model for data Now called DARPA, its the U.S. Government communication. It defines protocols for user or agency that funded the ARPANET. application programs. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network Application Program Interface (API). The (ARPANET). A packet switched network formally defined programming-language interface developed in the early 1970’s that is the between an IBM system control program or forerunner of today’s Internet. It was licensed program and its user. APIs allow decommissioned in June 1990. programmers to write application programs that use the TCP, UDP, and IP layers of the TCP/IP agent. As defined in the SNMP architecture, an protocol suite. agent, or an SNMP server is responsible for performing the network management functions argument. A parameter passed between a requested by the network management stations. calling program and a called program. AIX. Advanced Interactive Executive. ARP. Address Resolution Protocol. American National Standard Code for ARPA. Advanced Research Projects Agency. Information Interchange (ASCII). (1) The standard code, using a coded character set ARPANET. Advanced Research Projects Agency consisting of 7-bit coded characters (8 bits Network. including parity check), used for information interchange among data processing systems, data ASCII. (1) American National Standard Code for communication systems, and associated Information Interchange. (2) The default file equipment. The ASCII set consists of control transfer type for FTP, used to transfer files that characters and graphic characters. (2) The contain ASCII text characters. default file transfer type for FTP, used to transfer ASN.1. Abstract Syntax Notation One. files that contain ASCII text characters. ASYNC. Asynchronous. American National Standards Institute (ANSI). An organization consisting of producers, asynchronous (ASYNC). Without regular time consumers, and general interest groups that relationship; unexpected or unpredictable with establishes the procedures by which accredited respect to the execution of program instruction. organizations create and maintain voluntary See synchronous. industry standards in the United States. ANSI is sponsored by the Computer and Business asynchronous communication. A method of Equipment Manufacturer Association and is communication supported by the operating system that allows an exchange of data with remote vi VM TCP/IP Glossary Glossary device, using either a start-stop line or an X.25 Sometimes incorrectly grouped under the term line. Asynchronous communications include the ASN.1, which correctly refers only to the abstract file transfer and the interactive terminal facility description language, not the encoding technique. support. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). A set of Athena Widgets. The X Window widget set routines that permanently resides in read-only developed by MIT for Project Athena. memory (ROM) in a PC. The BIOS performs the most basic tasks, such as sending a character to Attachment Unit Interface (AUI). Connector the printer, booting the computer, and reading the used with thick Ethernet that often includes a drop keyboard. cable. batch. (1) An accumulation of data to be AUI. Attachment Unit Interface. processed. (2) A group of records or data processing jobs brought together for processing or attention key. A function key on terminals that, transmission. (3) Pertaining to activity involving when pressed, causes
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