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Diagnosis, Treatment and Survival of Uterine Sarcoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study of 122 Cases

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Diagnosis, Treatment and Survival of Uterine Sarcoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study of 122 Cases MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 13: 81, 2020 Diagnosis, treatment and survival of uterine sarcoma: A retrospective cohort study of 122 cases TATIANE BURLE DE SIQUEIRA FERRONI PLENTZ, ELAINE CRISTINA CANDIDO, LAIS FLAUSINO DIAS, MARIA CAROLINA SZYMANSKI TOLEDO, DIAMA BHADRA VALE and JULIO CESAR TEIXEIRA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083‑881 São Paulo, Brazil Received January 24, 2020; Accepted August 11, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2151 Abstract. The present study aimed to assess the diagnosis, Introduction treatment and follow‑up of uterine sarcoma cases. A retro‑ spective cohort study with 122 women recruited between 2001 Uterine sarcomas are a group of rare neoplasms, arising from and 2016 was performed. The data regarding epidemiology, myometrial or mesenchymal tissue, which represent 3 to 7% of clinical presentation, treatment and follow‑up were analyzed uterine cancer and tend to affect more elderly women, to exhibit based on the following histological types: Carcinosarcoma, aggressive behavior with fast‑growing, early distant metas‑ leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) and tasis and diagnosed in more advanced stages (1‑3). Surgery adenosarcoma. Statistical analysis included descriptive statis‑ is considered the basis of the treatment and other treatment tics, logistic regression and survival curves. The diagnosis of modalities, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, have uterine sarcoma exhibited an increasing trend of +1.2 new shown limited results (3,4). cases every 2 years (P=0.044) and comprised 10% of all Sarcomas exhibit diverse histopathology and some cases uterine cancer diagnoses. There were 47% carcinosarcomas, may have a Mullerian duct origin resulting in heterologous 22% leiomyosarcomas, 16% ESS and 14% adenosarcomas. histology. The modifications in their classifications have The majority of the women was ≥60 years old (62%). Among contributed to a gap of knowledge with regard to risk factors, the subjects, 77% were postmenopausal, 61% had a body mass prognosis, and management (5,6). Based on the latest classi‑ index up to 29.9 kg/m2 and 71% presented with a comorbidity. fication of gynecological malignancies by the World Health Regression analysis exhibited an association between post Organization in 2014 (7), the main uterine sarcoma types menopause and the histological type associated with lower are the following: Leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal overall survival (OS), namely leiomyosarcoma or carcino‑ sarcoma (ESS) and adenosarcoma. Carcinosarcomas, on the sarcoma (odds ratio, 5.45, P<0.001). Stage I malignancy was other hand, have been recently reclassified as a metaplastic present in 44% and Stage IV in 22%. The treatment included form of endometrial carcinoma, and considered for staging and primary surgery in 78% of the cases, whereas 79% received treatment similarly as a high‑grade carcinoma. However, this adjuvant therapy. Only 55 cases achieved disease control type of malignancy is still frequently analyzed as a sarcoma in and 20 relapsed (36%) with a 5‑year OS rate of 33%. The OS association with the previous types (7,8). was lower for carcinosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma (20%; The stage of uterine sarcomas (FIGO‑2009) can be P=0.003). In summary, the present study indicated that the considered as the most important prognostic factor and number of uterine sarcoma cases had increased between 2001 the main strategy for optimal results is to achieve an early and 2016. The majority of the women were >60 years old and diagnosis (9). The need to expand knowledge regarding diagnosed in advanced stages. The postmenopausal status uterine sarcomas is highlighted by the upward trend in the was associated with histological types of poor prognosis. The incidence due to the increased life expectancy (10). The OS was low and worse for patients with carcinosarcoma and present study aimed to provide comprehensive information leiomyosarcoma. regarding the characteristics of the women affected, the tumor pattern, diagnosis and management of various types of uterine sarcomas. The patient survival was also assessed over time based on the histological type. Correspondence to: Dr Julio Cesar Teixeira, Department of Patients and methods Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Campinas, 13083‑881 São Paulo, Brazil Subjects. This is a cohort study including patients assisted E‑mail: [email protected]; [email protected] in the Women's Hospital of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), in Campinas (São Paulo), Brazil from 2001 Key words: sarcoma, uterus, diagnosis, treatment, survival to 2016. UNICAMP is a teaching and research institution and a referral center for the Brazilian public health system. All surgical procedures were performed or supervised by 2 PLENTZ et al: MANAGEMENT AND SURVIVAL OF 122 WOMEN WITH UTERINE SARCOMA surgeons with vast experience. The pathological evaluation The present study was conducted in compliance with was conducted by pathologists specialized in gynecological the Brazilian National Health Council and was previously malignancies. The cases studied were identified from approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University 1,191 records filtered by the International Classification of of Campinas. Diseases, 10th edition (ICD‑10) C.54, regarding uterine corpus malignant neoplasia (11). There were found 123 cases Results of uterine sarcomas, including carcinosarcomas. Following revision of the medical records, one case was excluded due Diagnosis trend of the uterine sarcoma. The number of cases to the patient undergoing a hysterectomy at another hospital with malignant uterine corpus neoplasms has increased in the and not returning after initial appointment. Therefore the final period of 2001‑2016. Specifically, a trend of +10.8 additional sample size was adjusted to 122 cases. cases was noted every two years for carcinomas (P=0.003), Management definition included clinical and image evalu‑ whereas +1.2 additional cases were reported every two years ation and discussion in a multidisciplinary meeting. In case for sarcomas (P=0.044). During the period 2001‑2002, 90 when the surgery was the first approach selected, an extra‑ carcinomas and 10 sarcomas were recorded, while 168 carci‑ fascial hysterectomy (Piver type 1, Querleu A) with bilateral nomas and 20 sarcomas were identified during the period adnexectomy was performed and pelvic or retroperitoneal 2015‑2016. The proportion rate of carcinomas‑sarcomas lymphadenectomy was conducted in specific cases. Women remained relatively stable in the period with average values of with advanced or unresectable disease were managed by approximately 90 and 10%, respectively. chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy according to their clinical performance status. The relevant information on clinical Patients and tumor characteristics. The histological type characteristics, neoplasms, treatment, and follow‑up was distribution of the 122 sarcoma cases included 47% carci‑ collected. nosarcomas, 22% leiomyosarcomas, 16% ESSs and 14% adenosarcomas. Statistical analysis. The number of cases assisted overtime was The signs or symptoms associated with the diagnosis of analyzed by the χ2 test. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis sarcomas are presented in Table I. The classification according using the χ2 test or Fisher exact tests was conducted in the total to the histological type is also shown. Abnormal uterine group according to the histological type of sarcomas (WHO bleeding and abnormal image examination were noted in 77 classification) (7). The analyses were performed by age group and 7% of the cases, respectively. The diagnosis was confirmed distribution (<50 years, 50‑59 years, 60‑69 years, and 70 years through uterine curettage in 35% of the subjects, surgery in or more), parity (0; 1‑2; 3‑4, and 5 or more), menopausal 34%, hysteroscopy in 13% and biopsy at a vaginal examina‑ status, body mass index in Kg/m2 (<25; 25‑29.9; 30‑34.9; and tion in 17%. A total of 16 cases of sarcoma were diagnosed 35 or more), the presence of comorbidities (diabetes, arterial following hysterectomy due to myomatosis, and all surgeries hypertension, cardiopathy, obstructive pulmonary disease, were performed in women aged between 29‑55 years. thyroid disease, or other parameters), smoking (current or The demographic characteristics of the women according past, regardless of the period since quitting), neoplasm stage to the histological type of sarcoma are described in Table II. according to FIGO‑2009 or ‑2014 (9,12), modality of initial The age of the patients was 60 years or higher for 62% of the treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or no treat‑ total sample size, of which 46% of carcinosarcomas were ment) and the results following treatment end (optimal surgery present in patients over 70 years, while 26% of leiomyosar‑ and/or complete clinical response following radiotherapy comas and 45% of ESSs were detected at an age lower than and/or chemotherapy). Subsequently, ESS and adenosarcoma 50 years (P<0.0001). The carcinosarcoma group exhibited were considered the specific histological types with optimal 2‑3 times higher nulliparous subjects (P=0.217) and 47% of prognosis, whereas carcinosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma the ESS cases exhibited premenopausal status (P<0.001). were the malignancy types with poor outcomes. A logistic Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that leiomyo‑ regression analysis (polytomous models of proportional risks)
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