DOCSLIB.ORG

Stanovení Floridzinu a Jiných Fenolických Látek V Listech Jabloní Pomocí HPLC

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stanovení Floridzinu a Jiných Fenolických Látek V Listech Jabloní Pomocí HPLC UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra analytické chemie Stanovení floridzinu a jiných fenolických látek v listech jabloní pomocí HPLC DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Autor práce: Bc. Anežka Adamcová Vedoucí práce: Doc. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Hradec Králové, 2018 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že tato diplomová práce je mým původním autorským dílem. Veškerá literatura a další zdroje, z nichž jsem při zpracování čerpala, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury a v práci řádně citovány. Práce nebyla využita k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. Souhlasím, aby byla práce půjčována ke studijním účelům a byla citována dle platných norem. V Hradci Králové Anežka Adamcová 2 Poděkování Ze všeho nejvíce bych upřímně poděkovala doc. RNDr. Daliborovi Šatínskému, Ph.D. za jeho velkou vstřícnost, trpělivost, profesionální a milé jednání a odborné rady, které mi ochotně sděloval. Děkuji mu za řešení problémů, se kterými jsme se setkávali a za čas, který mi věnoval při častých konzultacích a měřeních. Taky jsem moc vděčná za jeho pozitivní povahu, která vytvářela příjemné pracovní podmínky. Dále moc děkuji doc. Ing. Alešovi Hornovi, CSc. a PharmDr. Viktorovi Voříškovi z výzkumné laboratoře Ranadal s.r.o., kde jsem díky této práci mohla navázat spolupráci a děkuji jim za odborné rady spojené s problematikou diplomové práce. Všem třem pánům děkuji za povzbuzující přístup, který mě motivoval a dodával zájem pro tvorbu této práce. Děkuji své rodině, přátelům a známým za podporu během studia. Velké dík patří i mým spolužákům za zpříjemnění vysokoškolských let. V Hradci Králové Anežka Adamcová 3 ABSTRAKT Univerzita Karlova Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra analytické chemie Kandidát: Bc. Anežka Adamcová Školitel: Doc. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D Název: Stanovení floridzinu a dalších fenolických látek v listech jabloní pomocí HPLC Tato diplomová práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část. Teoretická část se zabývá charakterizaci floridzinu a praktická část je zaměřena na HPLC stanovení floridzinu, floretinu, kyseliny chlorogenové a kvercitrinu v listech různých odrůd jabloní. Rovněž byly charakterizovány tyto látky v pupenech a kůře jabloní. Práce se zabývá optimalizaci a validaci nově vytvořené chromatografické metody. K analýze byla použita kolona YMC-Triart C18 ExRS 150 x 4,6 mm x 5μm, 8 nm. Byla využita gradientová eluce s mobilní fázi tvořenou organickou složkou (ACN) a vodnou složkou s kyselinou fosforečnou (pH = 2,2). K detekci byl využit DAD detektor při vlnových délkách 280 nm, 327 nm a 354 nm. Teplota kolonového prostoru byla 30 °C, nástřik byl 1 μl a průtoková rychlost 1 ml/min. Byly separovány a identifikovány fenolické látky ze vzorků listí pocházejících z různých odrůd rodu Malus. Každá odrůda byla extrahována ve 2 typech extrakčního činidla pro zjištění účinnějšího. Teoretická část se kromě charakterizace fenolických látek zabývá chemickou strukturou floridzinu, jeho biosyntézou, osudem v organismu a možnostmi extrakce. Jsou uvedeny nejnovější studie o využití a vztahu k diabetes. Kromě toho se teoretická část zabývá popisem HPLC metody a možnostem detekce fenolických látek. Klíčová slova: HPLC, floridzin, floretin, kyselina chlorogenová, kvercitrin, rutin, listí, extrakce 4 ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Bc. Anežka Adamcová Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of floridzin and other phenolic compounds in apple leafs by HPLC This diploma thesis is divided to theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part is focused on phloridzin and its characterization. In the experimental part the phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid, rutin and quercitrin were analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method from leaves of genus Malus. These compounds were identified in barks and buds of apple trees. The experimental part deals with optimization and validation of method too. Column YMC-Triart C18 ExRS 150 x 4.6 mm x 5um, 8 nm and gradient elution consisting of organic part of ACN and water part with phosphoric acid (pH= 2.2) was used for analysis. The detection was performed by DAD detector at wavelengths 280 nm, 327 nm a 354 nm. The temperature of column space was 30 °C, injection volume was 1 μl and flow rate 1 ml/min. Phenolic compounds from apple leaves originating from various cultivars were separated and identified. Each cultivar was extracted by 2 types of extraction reagents (methanol with formic acid or acetic acid) to find out which one is more effective. Concentrations of phenolic compounds in bark and buds were determined too. The theoretical part except the characterization of phenolic compound deals with phloridzin and its chemical structure, biosynthesis, behavior in organism and possibilities in extractions. The latest studies about utilization and its potential effect on diabetes mellitus type 2 are mentioned. HPLC method and types of detections are described too. Key words: HPLC, phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid, quercitrin, rutin, apple leaves, extraction 5 OBSAH 1. Seznam zkratek ................................................................................................. 9 2. Úvod ............................................................................................................. 11 3. Cíl a zadání práce ........................................................................................... 12 4. Teoretická část ................................................................................................ 13 4.1. Charakteristika jabloně ............................................................................ 13 4.2. Charakteristika fenolických látek ............................................................ 13 4.3. Floridzin .................................................................................................. 15 4.4. Biosyntéza floridzinu .............................................................................. 15 4.5. Osud v organismu ................................................................................... 16 4.6. Výskyt floridzinu v Malus sp. ................................................................. 17 4.6.1. Výskyt v listech jabloní ........................................................................... 18 4.6.2. Výskyt v jiných plodech .......................................................................... 19 4.7. Význam floridzinu a dalších fenolických látek ....................................... 20 4.7.1. Efekt floridzinu při léčbě diabetes mellitus 2. typu ................................ 20 4.7.2. Efekt floridzinu na postprandiální zvýšení glukózy ................................ 21 4.7.3. Antihyperglykemické účinky floridzinu u dobrovolníků ........................ 21 4.7.4. Efekt floridzinu při léčbě poškození jater ............................................... 22 4.7.5. Vliv jablek na složení lidského střeva ..................................................... 22 4.7.6. Další využití ve farmaceutickém průmyslu ............................................. 23 4.8. Extrakce fenolických látek ...................................................................... 23 4.8.1. Magnetické molekulárně vtištěné polymery (MMIPs) ........................... 25 4.8.2. Kvantifikace fenolických látek z rostlinné matrice ................................. 26 4.9. Princip chromatografie ............................................................................ 26 4.9.1. Vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie (HPLC) ................................ 27 4.9.1.1. Blokové schéma a popis .................................................................. 27 4.9.2. Spektrofotometrické detektory ................................................................ 28 6 4.9.3. Elektrochemické detektory ...................................................................... 28 4.9.4. CoulArray detektor .................................................................................. 28 4.9.5. Základní chromatografické veličiny ....................................................... 30 4.10. Validace chromatografické metody ........................................................ 30 4.10.1. Kdy se provádí validace ................................................................... 30 4.10.2. Validační parametry ......................................................................... 31 4.11. Příklady předchozích studií pro stanovení fenolických látek v Malus sp. .. ................................................................................................................. 32 5. Experimentální část ........................................................................................ 33 5.1. Přístroje a podmínky separace ................................................................ 33 5.2. Chemikálie .............................................................................................. 33 5.3. Příprava roztoků ...................................................................................... 34 5.3.1. Příprava roztoků standardů ..................................................................... 34 5.3.2. Příprava zásobních roztoků pro kalibraci ................................................ 34 5.3.3. Příprava pracovních roztoků pro kalibraci .............................................. 34 5.3.4. Příprava zásobního roztoku pro výtěžnost .............................................. 36 5.3.5. Příprava pracovních roztoků pro výtěžnost............................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Osher Lifelong Learning Institute
    USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Conservation of Fruit & Nut Genetic Resources Joseph Postman Plant Pathologist & Curator National Clonal Germplasm Repository Corvallis, Oregon May 2010 Mission: Collect – Preserve Evaluate – Enhance - Distribute World Diversity of Plant Genetic Resources for Improving the Quality and Production of Economic Crops Important to U.S. and World Agriculture Apple Accessions at Geneva Malus angustifolia ( 59 Accessions) Malus sikkimensis ( 14 Accessions) Malus baccata ( 67 Accessions) Malus sp. ( 41 Accessions) Malus bhutanica ( 117 Accessions) Malus spectabilis ( 9 Accessions) Malus brevipes ( 2 Accessions) Malus sylvestris ( 70 Accessions) Malus coronaria ( 98 Accessions) Malus toringo ( 122 Accessions) Malus domestica ( 1,389 Accessions) Malus transitoria ( 63 Accessions) Malus doumeri ( 2 Accessions) Malus trilobata ( 2 Accessions) Malus florentina ( 4 Accessions) Malus tschonoskii ( 3 Accessions) Malus floribunda ( 12 Accessions) Malus x adstringens ( 2 Accessions) Malus fusca ( 147 Accessions) Malus x arnoldiana ( 2 Accessions) Malus halliana ( 15 Accessions) Malus x asiatica ( 20 Accessions) Malus honanensis ( 4 Accessions) Malus x astracanica ( 1 Accessions) Malus hupehensis ( 185 Accessions) Malus x atrosanguinea ( 2 Accessions) Malus hybrid ( 337 Accessions) Malus x dawsoniana ( 2 Accessions) Malus ioensis ( 72 Accessions) Malus x hartwigii ( 5 Accessions) Malus kansuensis ( 45 Accessions) Malus x magdeburgensis ( 2 Accessions) Malus komarovii ( 1 Accessions) Malus x micromalus ( 25 Accessions)
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Apple CGC Minutes April 15, 2020
    Apple CGC Minutes April 15, 2020; 2:30-5:00 EDT Teleconference hosted by Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) Geneva, NY Attendees (and introductions): Gayle Volk (chair), Herb Aldwinckle, Peter Bretting, Susan Brown, Dawn Dellefave, Kate Evans, Gennaro Fazio, Ben Gutierrez, Nick Howard, Oscar Hurtado-Gonzales, John Keeton, Gary Kinard, Jim McFerson, Cameron Peace, Greg Peck, Chris Richards, Stijn Carlo L Vanderzande, Gan-Yuan Zhong Minutes provided by: Gayle Volk National Program Report. (Bretting, see attached) NGRL Report. (Kinard, see attached for details) A Malus doumeri exploration in Vietnam was funded for Volk and Chao in 2019, and Volk has also received funding to return to Vietnam in 2020 (exploration may be delayed until 2021). A new GRIN-Global public interface will be released in the near future. APHIS Report. Oscar Hurtado-Gonzales is the APHIS contact for the status of pome (apple, pear, quince) quarantine materials. In addition to previously established molecular & phenotypic testing of accessions in quarantine, next generation sequencing protocols are under development. A presentation was given to the committee, and a written report is attached. There was a discussion about new possible pathogens that are identified by APHIS using molecular techniques, such as AHVd (Apple Hammerhead Viroid). APHIS is planning some survey studies to determine the extent of AHVd (and other possible pathogens) in trees that are in cultivation in the U.S. There was also discussion about the need for 3 years of field testing to determine if trees are pathogen-free, now that molecular testing is available. Richard Slocum (APHIS tissue culture technician) did some training in the Volk lab at NLGRP to learn cryopreservation/cryotherapy techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Malus Doumeri Leaf Flavonoids on Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) in Human Embryonic Ki
    Li et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020) 20:276 BMC Complementary https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03072-6 Medicine and Therapies RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The effect of Malus doumeri leaf flavonoids on oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human embryonic kidney 293 T cells Yanyan Li1, Yunyi Li1, Zhie Fang1, Dan Huang1, Yalin Yang1, Dijia Zhao1, Mingchun Hang1 and Junda Wang2* Abstract Background: In this study, Malus doumeri leaf flavonoids (MDLF) were used as the research object to observe their in vitro antioxidant stress ability. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress in 293 T cells. Methods: MTT, flow cytometry, and qPCR were used to verify the effect of MDLF. Results: In vitro cell experiments showed that at a concentration of 0–160 μg/mL, MDLF did not affect the normal proliferation of human embryonic kidney 293 T cells (HEK 293 T cells), and MDLF had no cytotoxic effect in this concentration range. It was found that MDLF could maintain the survival of HEK 293 T cells (82.6%) at a high concentration (160 μg/mL). Morphological observation also found that MDLF can inhibit the cell structure imperfection caused by H2O2. It was also observed that MDLF could significantly increase the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that MDLF could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulate the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 associated x protein (Bax), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in oxidative stress-injured cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Food Inspection Agency
    Canadian Food Inspection Agency Home > Plants > Plants With Novel Traits > Applicants > Directive 94­08 > Biology Documents > Malus domestica The Biology of Malus domestica Borkh. (Apple) Table of contents 1. General Administrative Information 2. Identity 3. Geographical Distribution 4. Biology 5. Related Species of Malus domestica 6. Potential Interaction of Malus domestica with Other Life Forms 7. References Appendix 1: Species and hybrid species currently recognized in the genus Malus, according to the taxonomy database of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Germplasm Resources Information Network GRIN) (USDA­ARS 2012) Biology Document BIO2014­01: A companion document to Directive 94­08 (Dir94­08), Assessment Criteria for Determining Environmental Safety of Plant with Novel Traits Photo credit: H. Ardiel Plant and Biotechnology Risk Assessment Unit Plant Health Science Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency Ottawa, Ontario Oct 15, 2013 1. General Administrative Information 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope 1.1 Background The Canadian Food Inspection Agency's Plant and Biotechnology Risk Assessment (PBRA) Unit is responsible for assessing the potential risk to the environment from the release of plants with novel traits (PNTs) into the Canadian environment. The PBRA Unit is also responsible for assessing the pest potential of plant imports and plant species new to Canada. Risk assessments conducted by the PBRA Unit require biological information about the plant species being assessed. Therefore, these assessments can be done in conjunction with species­specific biology documents that provide the necessary biological information. When a PNT is assessed, these biology documents serve as companion documents to Dir94­08: Assessment Criteria for Determining Environmental Safety of Plants with Novel Traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Apple CGC Meeting Plant Genetic Resources Unit Conference Room Geneva, NY Agenda Sept
    Apple CGC Meeting Plant Genetic Resources Unit Conference Room Geneva, NY Agenda Sept. 10, 2013 In-person attendees: Angela Baldo, Susan Brown, Thomas Chao, John Keaton, Bob Martin, Ian Merwin (morning), Greg Noden, Jay Norelli, Heidi Schwaninger, Steve Van Nocker, Gayle Volk, Mike Wisniewski, Kenong Xu, Mike Chao (afternoon), Joe Davis (afternoon) Teleconference attendees: Peter Bretting, Gennaro Fazio, Phil Forsline, Kyle Gardner, Gary Kinard, Jim Luby, Jim McFerson, Sean Myles, Gan-Yuan Zhong Minutes/summary provided by Gayle Volk (Chair) Apple Collection Report (Thomas Chao) See attached pdf of presentation Malus collection has 6734 total accessions, of which 5226 are trees in the field and 1508 are seedlots Field collections: B9: Malus core collection M7&E7: Permanent Malus collection, on EMLA 7 rootstock K1: Kazakhstan M. sieversii seedlings W3: Wild Malus species seedlings from Armenia, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey G1: 7 F1 populations of ‘Gala” x M. sieversii (mapping populations) Malus sieversii evaluations in progress: o Disease evaluation-fire blight and scab (Aldwinckle, Norelli), blue mold (Janisiewicz), post- harvest decay (Jurick), mapping and resistance genes (Aldwinckle, Norelli, Wisniewski) o Drought resistance (Bassett) o Cold hardiness (Luby) o Mapping traits (Xu, Brown, Chao, Fazio, Gutierrez, Zhong) Permanent Collection evaluations o Digital imaging of fruit, leaves, and flowers (core, wild, permanent) o Polyphenolic, antioxidant capacity, juice, red-fleshed, fruit abscission (PGRU) (core) o Budbreak, bloom, end of bloom (permanent) o Genetic diversity, population structure, core collection, hybrids (Volk, Richards) Genotyping by Sequencing project o Collaboration: Myles & Zhong, Baldo, Chao, Fazio, Richards, Schwaninger, Volk o 1950 Malus accessions: 1403 M. domestica, 210 M.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerria, Spiraea, Sorbaria, Pyracantha, Photi- Nia, Exochorda
    IAWA Bulletin n.s. , Vol. 13 (1),1992: 21-91 WOOD ANATOMY OF TREES AND SHRUBS FROM CIDNA. m. ROSACEAEI by Shu-Ym Zhang and Pieter Baas Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden , The Nether1ands Summary The wood anatomy of 162 species from lus, Armeniaca, Prunus S.str., Eriobotrya, China, belonging to 30 genera of the Rosa­ and Chaenomeles), as ornamentals (Rosa , ceae is described. The structural diversity Kerria, Spiraea, Sorbaria, Pyracantha, Photi­ is documented in a survey of characters, a nia, Exochorda, Docynia, and Chaenomeles), family description, generic descriptions and and as a source of valuable timber (Cotone­ tables. A key to the genera or groups of gen­ aster, Raphiolepis, and Pygeum). Fifty-four era is presented. A number of genera is de­ genera, about half of the total number ofgen­ scribed wood anatomically for the first time. era in the farnily, occur in China. In the pres­ Vestured pits noted in some Spiraea species ent study, thirty woody genera (see Table 1), are newly recorded for the farnily. The phe­ covering most of the woody ones, were sur­ nomenon of fibre dimorphism in Spiraea is veyed. A few small genera could not be in­ analysed in detail. cluded in the study because no wood sampies The systematic implications of the wood could be obtained. The classification of the anatomical diversity summarised in Tables family is subject to continued debate. For 22-24 are discussed at and below the sub­ practical reasons, we follow the systematic farnily level. The Spiraeoideae and Rosoideae arrangement and delimitation of subfamilies resemble each other very closely, but Exo­ and genera (see Table 1), and the nomencla­ chorda, and to a lesser extent Sorbaria, are ture as given in Flora Reipublicae Popularis aberrant within this group.
    [Show full text]
  • 18Th International Conference on Bear Research & Management
    18th International Conference on Bear Research & Management 18ava Conferencia Mundial Sobre la Investigación y Manejo de Osos November 4-11, 2007 Monterrey, Nuevo León, México 18th International Conference on Bear Research & Management INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT The IBA sponsors international conferences and workshops about bear biology, research, and management. The International Conference on Bear Research & Management is the largest of these conferences and is focused on all 8 bear species. The International Conferences are rotated between the Americas and Eurasia on an 18-month rotation. The International Association for Bear Research and Management (IBA) is a non-profit tax-exempt (USA tax # 94-3102570) organization open to professional biologists, wildlife managers and others dedicated to the conservation of all bear species. The organization has over 550 members from over 50 countries. It supports the scientific management of bears through research and distribution of information. The IBA sponsors international conferences on all aspects of bear biology, ecology and management. Many of the conference papers are published as peer-reviewed scientific papers in the journal Ursus. The eight bear species of the world pose significant research and management problems to governments, local authorities, wildlife biologists, land managers, park personnel, tribal councils, and private land owners. The public endures hardships caused by bears; the public wants bears to survive. Management responsibility for the bears and their habitats rests with numerous national and local agencies and councils. Encroaching civilization, involving land-use conflicts and resource utilization by human beings, has resulted in the decline or disappearance of bear habitat and bear populations in portions of their ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • IJTK 18(2) 250-260.Pdf
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol 18(2), April 2019, pp 250-260 Indigenous knowledge and phytochemical screening of medicinal chuk from Rhus chinensis, Docynia indica and Hippophae salicifolia in Sikkim Himalaya Ghanashyam Sharma*,1,+,Bharat Kumar Pradhan3, Santosh K Chettri2, Arun Chettri4 & Dhani Raj Chettri5 1,2The Mountain Institute-India, Below Dr Dhakal’s Clinic, Tadong, Daragaon, East Sikkim 737 102, India 3Sikkim Biodiversity Board, Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Deorali, East Sikkim 737 102, India 4,5Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, East Sikkim 737 102, India E-mail:[email protected] Received 17 October 2018; revised 11 February 2019 Under traditional system of medicine, bhakmilo-ko-chuk (juice extracted from Rhus chinensis fruits) is used to cure diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes, oral diseases and inflammation; mel-ko-amilo (juice extracted from Docynia indica fruits) for treating diarrhoea, dysentery, stomach disorder, and Achuk (juice of Hippophae salicifolia berries) for lung problems, respiratory infections, high blood pressure, heart disorders, gastric ulcer and digestive disorders. Bhakmilo (Rhus chinensis) is distributed from 300 to 1800 m amsl, Mel (Docynia indica) occurs from 1200 to 2000 m and Achuk (Hippophae salicifolia) within 2700 to 4000 m in the Sikkim Himalaya. These are lesser known underutilized species having high socio- cultural, socio-economic and socio-ecological importance. Phytochemical screening of juice extracted from berries of Hippophae showed moderate concentration of alkaloids, flavonoides, tannins, steroids, amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates. Screening of Docynia fruits showed high concentration of triterpenes and amino acids, and moderate concentration of alkaloids, steroids, proteins and carbohydrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgenic Apple Plants Overexpressing the Chalcone 3
    Planta DOI 10.1007/s00425-016-2475-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Transgenic apple plants overexpressing the chalcone 3-hydroxylase gene of Cosmos sulphureus show increased levels of 3-hydroxyphloridzin and reduced susceptibility to apple scab and fire blight 1 2 3 1 Olly Sanny Hutabarat • Henryk Flachowsky • Ionela Regos • Silvija Miosic • 4 1 1 Christine Kaufmann • Shadab Faramarzi • Mohammed Zobayer Alam • 1 2 5 2 Christian Gosch • Andreas Peil • Klaus Richter • Magda-Viola Hanke • 3 1 1 Dieter Treutter • Karl Stich • Heidi Halbwirth Received: 25 November 2015 / Accepted: 26 January 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract be involved. Hydroxylation of phloretin in position 3 has Main conclusion Overexpression of chalcone-3-hy- high similarity to the B-ring hydroxylation of flavonoids droxylase provokes increased accumulation of 3-hy- catalysed by the well-known flavonoid 30-hydroxylase droxyphloridzin in Malus. Decreased flavonoid (F30H). Using recombinant F30H and chalcone 3-hydrox- concentrations but unchanged flavonoid class composi- ylase (CH3H) from Cosmos sulphureus we show that F30H tion were observed. The increased 3-hydroxyphlorizin and CH3H accept phloretin to some extent but higher contents correlate well with reduced susceptibility to conversion rates are obtained with CH3H. To test whether fire blight and scab. CH3H catalyzes the hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones in planta and if this could be of physiological relevance, we The involvement of dihydrochalcones in the apple defence created transgenic apple trees harbouring CH3H from C. mechanism against pathogens is discussed but unknown sulphureus. The three transgenic lines obtained showed biosynthetic steps in their formation hamper studies on lower polyphenol concentrations but no shift between the their physiological relevance.
    [Show full text]
  • These Proceedings Contain the Presentations and Deliberations Ofth E First PROSEA International Symposium, Which Was Held from May 22-25,1989, in Jakarta, Indonesia
    These Proceedings contain the presentations and deliberations ofth e First PROSEA International Symposium, which was held from May 22-25,1989, in Jakarta, Indonesia. Focal points ofth e presentations wereth e past, present and future ofth e PROSEA project, which is an international, multidisciplinary undertaking that aims to publish a multivolume, illustrated handbook in English, on approximately 5,000 useful South-East Asian plants. Yy <rV .%ävA-*|i* n^iv/ Kn A6 *Î\I-ÏÀ /)a<Pc^ O2 . ^ „ oi , Plant Resources of South-East Asia Proceedings of the First PROSEA International Symposium May 22-25,1989, Jakarta, Indonesia J.S. Siemonsma and N.Wulijarni-Soetjipt o (Editors) H Pudoc Wageningen 1989 c SU S~I o") S Bibliotheek TEELT Vakgroep Agronomie LU -Wag«ninge n Cip-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Plant Plant resources of South-East Asia :proceeding s of the first PROSEA interna­ tional symposium, May 22-25, 1989, Jakarta, Indonesia:J. S. Siemonsma and N. Wulijarni-Soetjipto (ed.).- Wageningen : Pudoc. - III. With ref. ISBN 90-220-0999-8 bound SISO 632.3UD C 633/635 (59) NUGI835 Subject heading: plant resources ;South-Eas t Asia. ISBN 90-220-0999-8 NUGI 835 Design: Frits Stoepman GVN. © Pudoc/Prosea, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1989 No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electric or electromagnetic record without permission from the publisher Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AA
    [Show full text]
  • An Investment Plan for Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Kon Tum Province, Vietnam
    BirdLife International Vietnam Programme in collaboration with the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute An Investment Plan for Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Kon Tum Province, Vietnam A Contribution to the Management Plan Conservation Report Number 5 BirdLife International European Union FIPI An Investment Plan for Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Kon Tum Province, Vietnam A Contribution to the Management Plan by Le Trong Trai Forest Inventory and Planning Institute and William Jeff Richardson BirdLife International Vietnam Programme with contributions from Bui Dac Tuyen, Le Van Cham, Nguyen Huy Dung and Ha Van Hoach Forest Inventory and Planning Institute and Nguyen Van Sang, Alexander L. Monastyrskii and Jonathan C. Eames BirdLife International Vietnam Programme This is a technical report for the project entitled: Expanding the Protected Areas Network in Vietnam for the 21st Century. (Contract VNM/B7-6201/IB/96/005) Hanoi May 1999 Project Coordinators: Nguyen Huy Phon (FIPI) Vu Van Dung (FIPI) Jonathan C. Eames (BirdLife International) Field Survey Team: Le Trong Trai (FIPI) Le Van Cham (FIPI) Bui Dac Tuyen (FIPI) Tran Hieu Minh (FIPI) Tran Quang Ngoc (FIPI) Nguyen Van Sang (FIPI) Ha Van Hoach (FIPI) Nguyen Huy Dung (FIPI) Tran Quoc Dung (FIPI) Hoang Trong Tri (FIPI) Alexander L. Monastyrskii (BirdLife International) Jonathan C. Eames (BirdLife International) Nguyen Van Thu (Dac Glei District Forest Protection Department) Nguyen Ba Thu (Dac Glei District Forest Protection Department) Maps: Mai Ky Vinh (FIPI) Project Funding: European Union and BirdLife International Cover Illustration: Black-crowned Barwing Actinodura sodangorum by Kamol Komolphalin Citation: Le Trong Trai, Richardson, W. J., Bui Dac Tuyen, Le Van Cham, Nguyen Huy Dung, Ha Van Hoach, Monastyrskii, A.
    [Show full text]