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What Is the Impact of Changes to the Co-Firing Cap?
What is the impact of changes to the co-firing cap? Prepared for Department of Energy and Climate Change September 2009 URN 09D/752 Oxera i Draft for Comment: Strictly Confidential Oxera Consulting Ltd is registered in England No. 2589629 and in Belgium No. 0883.432.547. Registered offices at Park Central, 40/41 Park End Street, Oxford, OX1 1JD, UK, and Stephanie Square Centre, Avenue Louise 65, Box 11, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material and the integrity of the analysis presented herein, the Company accepts no liability for any actions taken on the basis of its contents. Oxera Consulting Ltd is not licensed in the conduct of investment business as defined in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Anyone considering a specific investment should consult their own broker or other investment adviser. The Company accepts no liability for any specific investment decision, which must be at the investor’s own risk. © Oxera, 2009. All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part may be used or reproduced without permission. Executive summary Co-firing has made a significant contribution to renewable electricity generation in the UK, and is supported through the Renewables Obligation (RO)—the government’s primary tool for encouraging the large-scale deployment of renewable electricity.1 However, the role of co- firing in the RO has been reviewed on a number of occasions, and revised through changes in the cap placed on the extent to which co-fired Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) can be used by licensed electricity suppliers within the scheme. -
Economic and Policy Factors Driving Adoption of Institutional Woody Biomass Heating Systems in the U.S.☆
Energy Economics 69 (2018) 456–470 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eneeco Economic and policy factors driving adoption of institutional woody biomass heating systems in the U.S.☆ Jesse D. Young a,⁎,1, Nathaniel M. Anderson b, Helen T. Naughton c, Katrina Mullan c a School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 East Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States b Forestry Sciences Lab, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, 800 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59802, United States c Department of Economics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-5472, United States article info abstract Article history: Abundant stocks of woody biomass that are associated with active forest management can be used as fuel for Received 16 September 2015 bioenergy in many applications. Though factors driving large-scale biomass use in industrial settings have Received in revised form 26 August 2017 been studied extensively, small-scale biomass combustion systems commonly used by institutions for heating Accepted 23 November 2017 have received less attention. A zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model is employed to identify economic Available online xxxx and policy factors favorable to installation and operation of these systems. This allows us to determine the effec- tiveness of existing policies and identify locations where conditions offer the greatest potential for additional JEL classification: L73 promotion of biomass use. Adoption is driven by heating needs, fossil fuel prices, and proximity to woody bio- L78 mass resources, specifically logging residues, National Forests, and fuel treatments under the National Fire Plan. Q23 Published by Elsevier B.V. -
Archaeology in Northumberland Friends
100 95 75 Archaeology 25 5 in 0 Northumberland 100 95 75 25 5 0 Volume 20 Contents 100 100 Foreword............................................... 1 95 Breaking News.......................................... 1 95 Archaeology in Northumberland Friends . 2 75 What is a QR code?...................................... 2 75 Twizel Bridge: Flodden 1513.com............................ 3 The RAMP Project: Rock Art goes Mobile . 4 25 Heiferlaw, Alnwick: Zero Station............................. 6 25 Northumberland Coast AONB Lime Kiln Survey. 8 5 Ecology and the Heritage Asset: Bats in the Belfry . 11 5 0 Surveying Steel Rigg.....................................12 0 Marygate, Berwick-upon-Tweed: Kilns, Sewerage and Gardening . 14 Debdon, Rothbury: Cairnfield...............................16 Northumberland’s Drove Roads.............................17 Barmoor Castle .........................................18 Excavations at High Rochester: Bremenium Roman Fort . 20 1 Ford Parish: a New Saxon Cemetery ........................22 Duddo Stones ..........................................24 Flodden 1513: Excavations at Flodden Hill . 26 Berwick-upon-Tweed: New Homes for CAAG . 28 Remapping Hadrian’s Wall ................................29 What is an Ecomuseum?..................................30 Frankham Farm, Newbrough: building survey record . 32 Spittal Point: Berwick-upon-Tweed’s Military and Industrial Past . 34 Portable Antiquities in Northumberland 2010 . 36 Berwick-upon-Tweed: Year 1 Historic Area Improvement Scheme. 38 Dues Hill Farm: flint finds..................................39 -
Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Corporate Responsibility Report 2007
Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Index Page number Welcome 2 Performance Summary 2007 3 Managing our Responsibilities Our Approach 6 Governance 7 Environment 8 Stakeholder Engagement 11 Scope 12 Benchmarking and Recognition 13 Our 12 Impacts 15 Provision of Energy 16 Health and Safety 25 Customer Experience 35 Climate Change and Emissions to Air 43 Waste and Resource Use 52 Biodiversity 62 Sites, Siting and Infrastructure 70 Employment Experience 75 Customers with Special Circumstances 88 Community 94 Procurement 107 Economic 113 Assurance Statement 116 Page 1 of 118 www.scottishpower.com/CorporateResponsibility.asp Corporate Responsibility Report 2007 Welcome 2007 was a landmark year for our business with the successful integration of ScottishPower and IBERDROLA. The new enlarged IBERDROLA Group ended 2007 as one of the worlds largest electricity companies by market capitalisation. Through the friendly integration, now successfully completed, we have reinforced our shared commitment to Corporate Responsibility. Our reporting year has been aligned to IBERDROLA so going forward we will be working on a calendar year basis. Achieving Scottish Business in the Community Large Company of the Year in 2007 was an important endorsement for ScottishPowers work and to our commitment to environmental and social issues. During 2007, we have announced significant investments in sustainable generation projects and environmental technologies; increased our 2010 target for delivery of wind energy projects in the UK to 1,200 MW and established partnerships that will help secure Scotlands place as the world leader in marine energy. In addition, we announced the UKs largest energy crop project and embarked on a major study into cleaner coal generation. -
Distribution Network Review
A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK REVIEW ETSU K/EL/00188/REP Contractor P B Power Merz & McLellan Division PREPARED BY R J Fairbairn D Maunder P Kenyon The work described in this report was carried out under contract as part of the New and Renewable Energy Programme, managed by the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry. The views and judgements expressed in this report are those of the contractor and do not necessarily reflect those of ETSU or the Department of Trade and Industry.__________ First published 1999 © Crown copyright 1999 Page iii 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................1.1 2. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................2.1 3. BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................................3.1 3.1 Description of the existing electricity supply system in England , Scotland and Wales ...3.1 3.2 Summary of PES Licence conditions relating to the connection of embedded generation 3.5 3.3 Summary of conditions required to be met by an embedded generator .................................3.10 3.4 The effect of the Review of Electricity Trading Arrangements (RETA)..............................3.11 4. THE ABILITY OF THE UK DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TO ACCEPT EMBEDDED GENERATION...................................................................................................................................................4.1 -
Northeast England – a History of Flash Flooding
Northeast England – A history of flash flooding Introduction The main outcome of this review is a description of the extent of flooding during the major flash floods that have occurred over the period from the mid seventeenth century mainly from intense rainfall (many major storms with high totals but prolonged rainfall or thaw of melting snow have been omitted). This is presented as a flood chronicle with a summary description of each event. Sources of Information Descriptive information is contained in newspaper reports, diaries and further back in time, from Quarter Sessions bridge accounts and ecclesiastical records. The initial source for this study has been from Land of Singing Waters –Rivers and Great floods of Northumbria by the author of this chronology. This is supplemented by material from a card index set up during the research for Land of Singing Waters but which was not used in the book. The information in this book has in turn been taken from a variety of sources including newspaper accounts. A further search through newspaper records has been carried out using the British Newspaper Archive. This is a searchable archive with respect to key words where all occurrences of these words can be viewed. The search can be restricted by newspaper, by county, by region or for the whole of the UK. The search can also be restricted by decade, year and month. The full newspaper archive for northeast England has been searched year by year for occurrences of the words ‘flood’ and ‘thunder’. It was considered that occurrences of these words would identify any floods which might result from heavy rainfall. -
Länderprofil Großbritannien Stand: Juli / 2013
Länderprofil Großbritannien Stand: Juli / 2013 Impressum Herausgeber: Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) Regenerative Energien Chausseestraße 128a 10115 Berlin, Germany Telefon: + 49 (0)30 72 6165 - 600 Telefax: + 49 (0)30 72 6165 – 699 E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Internet: www.dena.de Die dena unterstützt im Rahmen der Exportinitiative Erneuerbare Energien des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) deutsche Unternehmen der Erneuerbare-Energien-Branche bei der Auslandsmarkterschließung. Dieses Länderprofil liefert Informationen zur Energiesituation, zu energiepolitischen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen sowie Standort- und Geschäftsbedingungen für erneuerbare Energien im Überblick. Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zustimmung der dena. Sämtliche Inhalte wurden mit größtmöglicher Sorgfalt und nach bestem Wissen erstellt. Die dena übernimmt keine Gewähr für die Aktualität, Richtigkeit, Vollständigkeit oder Qualität der bereitgestellten Informationen. Für Schäden materieller oder immaterieller Art, die durch Nutzen oder Nichtnutzung der dargebotenen Informationen unmittelbar oder mittelbar verursacht werden, haftet die dena nicht, sofern ihr nicht nachweislich vorsätzliches oder grob fahrlässiges Verschulden zur Last gelegt werden kann. Offizielle Websites www.renewables-made-in-germany.com www.exportinitiative.de Länderprofil Großbritannien – Informationen für -
The North East LEP Independent Economic Review Summary of The
The North East LEP Independent Economic Review Summary of the Expert Paper and Evidence Base NELEP Independent Economic Review – Summary of Expert Papers and Evidence Review CONTENTS Introduction 1 Economic Performance in the 2000-2008 Growth Period 3 Context: SQW Review of Current Economic Performance 6 The North East in UK and Global Markets 9 Innovation 15 Capital Markets 20 Skills and Labour Market 30 Land and Premises 37 Transport 42 Governance 48 Manufacturing 50 Low Carbon Economy 53 The Service Sector 57 Private and Social Enterprise 64 Rural Economy 70 List of Respondents 75 The Synthesis Report project is part financed by the North East England European Regional Development Fund Programme 2007 to 2013 through Technical Assistance. The Department for Communities and Local Government is the managing authority for the European Regional Development Fund Programme, which is one of the funds established by the European Commission to help local areas stimulate their economic development by investing in projects which will support local businesses and create jobs. For more information visit: www.gov.uk/browse/business/funding-debt/european-regional- development-funding NELEP Independent Economic Review – Summary of Expert Papers and Evidence Review THE NORTH EAST LEP INDEPENDENT ECONOMIC REVIEW The importance of a strong and growing private, public and community sector in the North East has never been greater. The North East Local Enterprise Partnership (NELEP) has established a commission to carry out an Independent Economic Review of the NELEP economy to identify a set of strategic interventions to be implemented over the next five years to stimulate both productivity and employment growth. -
Chin YS Chemical and Process Engineering Phd 2017.Pdf
Impacts of Fuel Inventory on Low Temperature Ignition Risk during Handling and Storage of Biomass Yee Sing Chin Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Chemical and Process Engineering April 2017 - ii - The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own, except where work which has formed part of jointly-authored publications has been included. The contribution of the candidate and the other authors to this work has been explicitly indicated below. The candidate confirms that appropriate credit has been given within the thesis where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Yee Sing Chin to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2017 The University of Leeds and Yee Sing Chin - iii - List of Work Presented/Published Some parts of this research had been presented or published and the details are as follows: Part of Chapter 4 had been presented as listed: Y.S. Chin, A.R. Lea-Langton, L.I. Darvell, J.M.Jones, A. Williams. An Experimental Study on Minimum Ignition Temperature. Poster. 5th December 2014: SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub Annual Assembly, Birmingham, UK Y.S. Chin, L.I. Darvell, A.R. Lea-Langton, J.M.Jones, A. Williams. Biomass Handling – Ignition Risks from Dust-Layer Ignition on Hot Surfaces. -
The British Coal Trade
THE BRITISH COAL TRADE - By the same Publishers. At a Uniform Price. NATIONAL INDUSTRIES Edited by HENRY HIGGS, C.B. 'BRITISH SHIPPING :', iTS 'HISTORY, ORGANIZATION, AND \' IMPORTANCE- I . 13y A. W. KIRKALDY. M.A., .B.L1U. 676 pp. Map, Diae:rams. etc. U Win be exceedingly valuable and -interesting to aU connected with shipping, as well as an indispensable text·book for students of" economics and,technology."-ChanJJn 0/ Commerc, /014"","_ . U Considering the moderate price of the work, ita comprehensiveness is astonishing. • . • We think, indeed, that the studious avoidance of . rhetoric enhances rather than detracts from the romance of the days of the Spanish Main. and of the time of the inception of the British and Dutch F(ast India Companies."-OutlooA. r A HISTOI{Y OF INLAND TRANS PORT· ~ COMMUNICATION IN ENGLAND' - . By E. A. PRATT. 544 pp. With DJagtaml, etc. THE INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF 'MODERN ENGLAND. By GEQRGE HERBERT PERRIS Author 01' .. A Short HIstory 01 War ancl Peace;" etC. 624 pp. "George H. Perris's 'Industrial England' furnishes material bearinr on a vital problem 01 the European War. • • • Mr. Perris, in a volume whose every chapter, set out in clear, vigorous English, proves that the , author bas given his subject intense thought, research in minute detail, - brilliant analysiS, shows that the England which faces Germany is al materially stronger to the England which faced France in the Napoleonic era as is the D,1ad1lO1lg1lt to tho VietoI)I, ~Iorious ship of Nel~~':Y;;'A Tima, u ~Ir. Perrisloo~s with much hope to the future. -
A Barrier and Techno-Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Bchp (Biomass Combined Heat and Power) Schemes in the UK
A barrier and techno-economic analysis of small-scale bCHP (biomass combined heat and power) schemes in the UK. Item Type Article Authors Wright, Daniel G.; Dey, Prasanta K.; Brammer, John G. Citation Wright, D. G., Dey, P. K., & Brammer, J. (2014). A barrier and techno-economic analysis of small-scale bCHP (biomass combined heat and power) schemes in the UK. Energy, 71, 332– 345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.079 DOI 10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.079 Publisher Elsevier Journal Energy Download date 02/10/2021 16:39:41 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620797 A barrier and techno-economic analysis of small-scale biomass combined heat and power (bCHP) schemes in the UK Daniel G. Wright1, 2*, Prasanta K. Dey1, John Brammer2 1Operations and Information Management Group, Aston Business School 2European Bioenergy Research Group Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: Biomass combined heat and power (bCHP) systems are highly efficient at smaller-scales when a significant proportion of the heat produced can be effectively utilised for hot water, space heating or industrial heating purposes. However, there are many barriers to project development and this has greatly inhibited deployment in the UK. Project viability is highly subjective to changes in policy, regulation, the finance market and the low cost fossil fuel incumbent. The paper reviews the barriers to small-scale bCHP project development in the UK along with a case study of a failed 1.5 MWel bCHP scheme. -
Leeds Thesis Template
On the combustion of solid biomass fuels for large scale power generation Investigations on the combustion behaviour of single particles of pulverised biomass fuel Patrick Edward Mason Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Chemical and Process Engineering JULY 2016 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Patrick Edward Mason to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2016 The University of Leeds and Patrick Edward Mason ii Acknowledgements In undertaking the research presented in this report, the author gratefully acknowledges the following assistance: Guidance and support from my supervisory team: Professor Jenny Jones; Professor Alan Williams; Dr Leilani Darvell at The University of Leeds and Professor Mohamed Pourkashanian at The University of Sheffield; Training provided for the use of analytical equipment and laboratory hardware: Simon Lloyd; Dr Leilani Darvell; Dr Adrian Cunliffe; Dr Bijal Gudka; Stuart Micklethwaite; Sara Dona (The University of Leeds);Dr Phil Davies (TA Instruments); Matthew Clavey (Thermal Vision Research); Preparation of ash samples for XRF analysis: Peinong Xing. Performing flame oxygen concentration measurements: Eirini Karagianni. Machining, fitting and other laboratory technical support: Ed Woodhouse, Chris Day, Gurdev Boghal.