DOCSLIB.ORG

Response of Spathiphyllum Wallisii Regel. and Philodendron Scandens C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Response of Spathiphyllum Wallisii Regel. and Philodendron Scandens C RESPONSE OF SPATHIPHYLLUM WALLISII REGEL. AND PHILODENDRON SCANDENS C. KOCH AND H. SELLO PLANTS TO GAMMA IRRADIATION By MOHAMED ABD EL-SAMIAA SAYED KHALIFA B.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Ornamental Horticulture), Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 2010 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Agricultural Sciences (Ornamental Horticulture) Department of Ornamental Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University EGYPT 2016 1 INTRODUCTION Peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) is a member of the family Araceae and one of the most popular indoor houseplants (Sardoei, 2014). It originates from Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Venezuela, the Malay Archipelago, Costa Rica, and the Philippines where it thrives in humid, tropical rainforest understories. Peace Lily is an herbaceous evergreen with short, erect to creeping stems bearing tufts of foliage. Leaves are dark green and ovate to lanceolate. Wide selection of cultivars are ranging in height from 12 inches to 4 feet From an ornamental viewpoint, the spathes and spadices are called flowers rather than the tiny true flowers on the spadix. Inflorescences are produced seasonally or intermittently and can also be induced with chemical sprays. NASA even praised them in the clean air study for their ability to remove formaldehyde, benzene, and carbon monoxide from interior air (McConnell et al. ,2003). Interest in peace lily is steadily increasing as it is a shade tolerant indoor plant, dark green foliage and white spathes. The showy white spathes of Spathiphyllum enhance its popularity and marketing as a “flowering” foliage plant (Henny et al., 2004). Although it was initially a plant for container, in recent years, the culture of this plant has been greatly expanded for the production of cut flowers (Manda et al., 2014). Mature plants produce attractive white flowers that last several weeks. The natural flowering period for Spathiphyllum is generally Jan. through June. Natural flower production begins to decline over the summer and is at its lowest 2 level during the fall months (Henny, 1998). Environmental conditions and cultural practices for commercial production of Spathiphyllum have been established over the last 10 years. Conover (1992) recommended that plants should be produced under a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 to 400 µmol m-2 s-1 and a temperature range of 20 to 32ºC. Philodendron is native to tropical regions of NorthSouth and Central America. The plant diversity is 250 species that comprise the genus. Although the genus name means “tree lover” in latin, many Philodendron species are herbaceous tree climbing vines, the genus also includes woody-stemmed plants that may reach 15 feet in height. In addition to great differences in leaf size, leaves of recently developed cultivars vary in color from dark red-black to light orange. (Chen et al., 2003). Heartleaf philodendron, Philodendron scandens, (Araceae family), is one of the most important ornamental foliage plants. It is an evergreen climber, with solid green leaves, a good houseplant and widely used for potted plants, totem poles, and hanging baskets. It thrives well in low light intensity, humid and temperate (Bailey and Bailey, 1976, Chen et al., 2005 and Gilman, 2011). Mature plants rarely flower; therefore, no reports of hybridization exist for this species (Henny et al., 2010). Cultural requirements for hear tleaf philodendron have been well documented previously (Conover and Poole, 1974). Heartleaf philodendron is normally propagated asexually by single eye cuttings. Vines do not develop secondary branches; growers 3 stick multiple eyes per container to obtain a full appearance in the final product. Genetic variation is necessary in any plant breeding program for crop improvement. Induced mutations are highly effective to enhance natural genetic resources and have successfully assisted in developing improved and new cultivars among both seed and vegetatively propagated crops. Mutations occur in cells in two ways. Firstly, by alteration in nuclear DNA which is also known as point mutation and it cause addition, deletion, transition and transversion in nucleolus of cell. Thus it changes the structure of nuclear DNA and mutations occurred. In second way, the mutagen makes the change in cytoplasmic DNA that is also called as cytoplasmic mutation. Gamma rays are used for improving growth and quality of plants, for their high mutation frequency that affect morphology, anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of plants (Chahal and Gosal, 2002). Mutation breeding by gamma rays is one of the most powerful methods for developing new varieties, which is very successful in ornamental crops. Mohan Jain (2006) stated that induced mutations are highly effective to enhance natural genetic resources for vegetatively propagated crops. Several improvements in ornamental crops could be achieved by gamma mutation, including characters of flower and leaves, growth habit and physiological traits (Schum and Prell, 1998). Radiation mediated morphological, structural and functional changes in a plant are 4 governed by the intensity and duration of the gamma rays which generally induce cytological, biochemical, physiological, morphological and genetically changes in cells and tissues (Rahimi and Bahrani, 2011; Jan et al., 2012 ; Haris and Jusoff, 2013 and Chandrashekar et al., 2013 ). Ornamental plants are ideal for the application of mutations induction techniques because many economically important traits. Induced mutations in ornamentals comprise traits, such as altered flower characters (colour, size, morphology, fragrance); leaf characters (form, size, pigmentation); growth habit (compact, climbing, branching); and physiological traits such as changes in photoperiodic response, early flowering, free-flowering, flower keeping quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are easily monitored after the mutagenic treatment. Furthermore, many ornamental species are heterozygous and often propagated vegetatively; this allows the detection, selection and conservation of mutants in the M1 generation. Kurimato et al. (2010) found that the age at the time of radiation exposure plays an important role in integrating radiation effects. The gamma rays at high doses disturb the leaf gas exchange, hormone balance, water exchange and enzyme activities (Kiong et al, 2008). It has been suggested to use gamma rays at lower doses (1-10 Krad) to obtain useful mutants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of gamma irradiation treatments on growth, pigments, anatomical structure and DNA polymorphism, as well to induce genetic variations in 5 two important indoor house plants, viz., peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) and heartleaf philodendron (Philodendron scandens C. kock&H. Sello) plants and to apply RAPD analysis for genetic polymorphism among the different obtained variants. 6 MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Ornamental Hort. Depart., Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt, during the period from 2013 to 2015, to study the effect of gamma irradiation on growth, pigment contents and molecular aspects of Philodendron scandens and Spathiphyllum wallsii plants. 1- Effect of gamma irradiation on growth, pigment contents and leaf structure of (6-month-old) Spathiphyllum wallsii plants 2- Effect of gamma irradiation on growth and pigment contents of (3-month-old) Spathiphyllum wallsii plants Plant material The plants of the two ages were obtained from Egypt-Green Farm, Giza, Egypt. Gamma ray treatments: The plants of the two ages (6-month and 3-month old) were irradiated with 0, 0.5, 4 or 8 krad gamma rays, using a C137 source from a unit gamma chamber at a dose rate of 1 krad/13 sec. at the National Center for Radiation Res. and Tech., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. The experiment: On 17 July, 2013, the irradiated plants of the two ages were planted individually in plastic pots (20cm-diameter) 7 using a mixture of sand + peat+ perlite (1/2/1, v/v) and set under a high-humidity propagation unit (plastic tunnel) with intermittent mist for a month. After a month, on 16 August, the plants were moved to raised benches in the greenhouse. NPK fertilizer (Krestalon, 19-19-19) was applied (monthly) to pots at 1.5 g/pot. Irrigation was done as the plants needed. Data recorded Data were recorded at two dates for the two ages as follows: a. After 6 months of growth on the following characters: 1. Survival %. 2. Plant height. 3. Stem diameter. 4. Number of leaves/plant. 5. Leaf area. 6. Petiol length. b. After 12 months of growth on the following characters: 1. Survival %. 2. Plant height. 3. Stem diameter. 4. Number of leaves / plant. 5. Leaf area. 6. Petiol length. 7. Fresh weights of plant, leaves and stems. 8 8. Leaves/stem ratios (fresh weight). 9. Pigment content. 10. Leaf anatomical structure. The second Experiment: Effect of gamma irradiation on growth, physiological and molecular aspects of Philodendron scandens plant Plant material Mother plants (stock) of Philodendron scandens (in 30cm plastic pots) were obtained from Egypt-Green Farm, Giza, Egypt. The stock plants were located in a greenhouse. On 17 July, 2013, stem cuttings (10-12 cm height) were obtained from the mother plants. Gamma ray treatments Stem cuttings were irradiated with 0, 0.5,2, 4 or 8 krad gamma rays, using a Co60 source from a unit gamma chamber at a dose rate of 1 krad/13 sec. at the National Center for Radiation Res. and Tech., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. The experiment The irradiated cuttings were stuck in trays, using a mixture of sand + peat (1/2, v/v) and forced to root under a high-humidity propagation unit (plastic tunnel) with intermittent mist. After a month, on August, the rooted cuttings were individually transplanted into 20-cm plastic pots, using a mixture of sand+ peatmoss+ perlite (1/2/, v/v) and set on raised benches in the greenhouse. NPK fertilizer (Krestalon, 19-19-19) was surface applied (monthly) to pots at 1.5 g/pot. 9 Statistical analysis A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used. Each treatment consisted of ninty of treated plants.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Allergy to Spathiphyllum Wallisii, an Indoor Allergen
    Practitioner's Corner 453 MW 1 2 3 Allergy to Spathiphyllum wallisii, an Indoor Allergen 75 Herrera-Lasso Regás V1, Dalmau Duch G1, Gázquez García V1, Pineda De La Losa F2, Castillo Fernández M2, Garnica 50 Velandia D1, Gaig Jané P1 1Allergy Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, 37 Spain; Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV) 2 Diater Laboratory, Madrid, Spain 25 J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; Vol. 29(6): 453-454 doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0419 20 Key words: Spathiphyllum wallisii. Respiratory allergy. Indoor allergen. Rhinitis. Asthma. 15 Palabras clave: Spathiphyllum wallisii. Alergia respiratoria. Alérgeno de interior. Rinitis. Asma. 10 Spathiphyllum wallisii is an indoor ornamental house plant Figure. Immunoblot. Lane 1, extract of flower spikes; Lane 2, extract of belonging to the Araceae family, which comprises 36 known leaves; Lane 3, extract of stem. Several protein bands ranging between species of Spathiphyllum found in tropical areas [1-3]. These 11 and 14 kDa can be seen, with a 13-kDa band in the allergenic plants may contain alkaloids, calcium oxalate crystals, extract of leaves, which is of greater intensity. MW indicates molecular and proteolytic enzymes [3]. Cases of contact dermatitis weight (in kDa). and occupational allergy (eg, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and urticaria) have been reported in persons exposed to The prick-by-prick test with the flower was positive, with a S wallisii [1,3-5]. Allergy to houseplants is rare [2-5]. We wheal diameter of 3 mm after the first 15 minutes. This doubled report a case of hypersensitivity to S wallisii. in size, with an erythema diameter of 20 mm after 45 minutes, The patient was a 34-year-old white woman with allergy in both atopic and nonatopic negative controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • Engl. Y Spathiphyllum Ortgiesii Regel (ARACEAE) EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS TUXTLAS, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
    UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES TROPICALES BIOLOGÍA FLORAL Y REPRODUCTIVA DE Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. Y Spathiphyllum ortgiesii Regel (ARACEAE) EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS TUXTLAS, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN ECOLOGÍA TROPICAL PRESENTA PEDRO DÍAZ JIMÉNEZ Comité tutorial: Dr. Thorsten Krömer Dra. María Cristina Mac Swiney González Dr. Heiko Hentrich XALAPA, VERACRUZ MAYO 2016 DERECHOS DE AUTOR “Biología floral y reproductiva de Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. y Spathiphyllum ortgiesii Regel (Araceae) en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México” es de mi autoría, no así los trabajos aquí citados. Esta tesis no ha sido utilizada anteriormente para obtener otros grados académicos. Ecól. Pedro Díaz Jiménez Dr. Thorsten Krömer Candidato Director de Tesis ®2016 Pedro Díaz Jiménez DERECHOS RESERVADOS ii ACTA DE APROBACIÓN DE TESIS El siguiente documento “Biología floral y reproductiva de Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum (Liebm.) Engl. y Spathiphyllum ortgiesii Regel (Araceae) en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México” realizado por Pedro Díaz Jiménez, ha sido aprobado y aceptado como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de Maestro en Ecología Tropical. Comité tutorial Dr. Thorsten Krömer __________________________ Dra. María Cristina Mac Swiney González __________________________ Dr. Heiko Hentrich __________________________ Sinodales Dra. Jaqueline Campos Jiménez __________________________ Dr. Gustavo Carmona Díaz __________________________ Dr. Juan Carlos López Acosta __________________________ iii AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a mis tutores: Dr. Thorsten Krömer, Dra. María Cristina Mac Swiney González y Dr. Heiko Hentrich por las sugerencias y constante apoyo durante la realización del presente estudio. Particularmente al Dr. Hentrich por su paciencia, comentarios y acertadas sugerencias para finalizar satisfactoriamente este trabajo. Así como por toda su ayuda en las diferentes etapas de este trabajo.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthurium/Spathiphyllum
    Assessment chart: Anthurium/Spathiphyllum Assessment criteria for Anthurium/Spathiphyllum Assessment criteria Receiving 3 Height inspection 3 Pot size 3 Grade 3 Damage General 3 Animal parasites 3 Disease 3 Ornamental value leaf Continued growth Roots Flowering 3 Flowers Percentage colour 3 End of flowering Bud/flower withering and/or bud/flower shed Flowering percentage Leaf 3 Leaf yellowing 3 Leaf spots/points Leaf withering Leaf shed 3 Wilted leaf 3 Cold damage Berry Berry shed Berry withering Berry discolouration Specific Grade Register: thickness according to ‘VBN purchase specifications plants’. End of flowering Description: bracts discolour (no natural discoloration) and/or loose gloss. Spikes discolour to brown. Register: the number of flowers left off. Discard: if there are no good bracts and/or viable flower buds anymore. A flower is discarded when the bract has discoloured for more than 25%, or as soon as the spike is brown for more than 50% and also the bract is partly discoloured, or the spike is brown as well as discoloured for more than 50%, or the spike has fallen off. Brown spikes are not sufficient reason to discard. Natural discolouration of the bract is no reason to discard. Deviating bract Description: bracts that have less than 25% of the size of the main bracts and/or the bract is deformed. Register: the number of deviating bracts. Brown spike Description: if the spike is brown for 50% or more. Register: the number of brown spikes from good bracts. Anthurium/Spathiphyllum 06/04/HvR Deformed spike Description: if the spike has a deviating shape. Register: the number of brown spikes from good bracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
    Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of in Vitro Grown Plantlets of Begonia Malabarica Lam. Authors
    Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of In Vitro Grown Plantlets of Begonia malabarica Lam. Authors: Aswathy J M and Murugan K* *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.3.3 Highlights • In vitro culture, field establishment of Begonia malabarica Lam. • Evaluation of its genetic fidelity using anatomical, molecular markers using twelve RAPD and seven ISSR primers among in vitro and in vivo plants. • Callus induction and establishment of cell suspension. TLSR, 30(3), 2019 © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2019 Tropical Life Sciences Research, 30(3), 37–58, 2019 Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of In Vitro Grown Plantlets of Begonia malabarica Lam. Aswathy J M and Murugan K.* Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India Publication date: 26 December 2019 To cite this article: Aswathy J M and Murugan K. (2019). Micropropagation and genetic fidelity of in vitro grown plantlets of Begonia malabarica Lam. Tropical Life Sciences Research 30(3): 37–58. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.3.3 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.3.3 Abstract: Begonias are ornamental indoor plants and also cultivated for landscaping. Begonia malabarica Lam., found naturally in the hilly regions of South India and Sri Lanka called by the tribals as Narayana Sanjeevi, i.e. possess miraculous therapeutic properties. The present study targets in vitro culture, field establishment and evaluation of its genetic uniformity using anatomical, molecular markers followed by callus induction and establishment of cell suspension. Explants such as shoot tip and leaves from in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on Murashige-Skoog medium.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Accepted Author Version Posted Online: 26 August 2018 Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of in Vitro Grown Plantlets of B
    Accepted author version posted online: 26 August 2018 Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of in vitro Grown Plantlets of Begonia malabarica Lam. Aswathy J M and Murugan K.* Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] Running title: In vitro culture of Begonia malabarica Abstract: Begonias are ornamental indoor plants and also cultivated for landscaping. Begonia malabarica Lam., found naturally in the hilly regions of South India and Sri Lanka called by the tribals as Narayana Sanjeevi i.e., possess miraculous therapeutic properties. The present study targets in vitro culture, field establishment and evaluation of its genetic uniformity using anatomical, molecular markers followed by callus induction and establishment of cell suspension. Explants such as shoot tip and leaves from in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on Murashige- Skoog medium. Maximum callus induction was obtained in Murashige-Skoog medium with 0.3 mg L–1 2, 4-D + 0.5 mg L–1 BAP i.e., 90.8 ± 2.8 % with 2.5 ±0.1 g callus growth. In vitro suspension of cells and their growth rate were also analyZed. RAPD and ISSR experiments were carried to confirm the genetic fidelity among in vitro and in vivo plants. 12 RAPD and 7 ISSR primers raised 119 amplicons. Genomic DNA amplification showed similarity between the in vivo and the in vitro generated plantlets. The overall results revealed the uniformity of the in vitro raised B. malabarica plantlets in terms of histoanatomical genetical features and substantiated the assumption that in vitro micropropagation is the secure mode for mass propagation of true to type plants without any somaclonal variations.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Aroid Genera
    An Introduction to Aroid Genera by Tom Croat Gymnostachys Subfamilies of Araceae anceps 1 sp. • Proto-Araceae Australia I. Subfamily Gymnostachydoideae – Gymnostachys II. Subfamily Orontioideae – Orontium – Lysichiton – Symplocarpus Lysichiton camchatsense 2 sp. W. Orontium aquaticum N. Amer 3 sp. W. & E. Asia N. Amer. & 1 sp. E. E. Asia N. Amer. Symplocarpus foetidus Orontium aquaticum, 57207 Lysichiton camtschatsense Lysichiton camtschatsense Lysichiton camtschatsense Symplocarpus foetidus, 790539 Symplocarpus foetidus Symplocarpus foetidus, MBG 790539 Symplocarpus foetidus True Araceae III. Subfamily Pothoideae – Tribe Pothoeae • Pothos – Tribe Anthurieae Pothos • Anthurium scandens , Anthurium antioquense Pothos, Croat 77332 Pothos scandens Pothos scandens Pothos chinensis Anthurium corrugatum Anthurium sect. Pachyneurium Anthurium 49788 Subfamily Monsteroideae • Tribe Spathiphylleae – Spathiphyllum – Holochlamys • Tribe Anadendreae Spathiphyllum floribundum – Anadendron • Tribe Heteropsidae – Heteropsis Holochlamys beccari Anadendrum Heteropsis spruceana Anadendrum Spathiphyllum brevirostre Spathiphylllum wendlandii Spathiphyllum floribundum Spathiphyllum floribundum Spathiphyllum humboldtii Spathiphyllum coclearispathum Spathiphylllum patulinervia Subfamily Monsteroideae • Tribe Monstereae – Amydrium – Rhaphidophora – Epipremnum Amydrium Rhaphidophora magnificum – Scindapsus pinnata – Monstera – Alloschemone – Rhodospatha – Stenospermation Epipremnum pinnatum Scindapsus exotica _ Monstera Rhodospatha Stenospermation marantifolium
    [Show full text]
  • The Risk of Injurious and Toxic Plants Growing in Kindergartens Vanesa Pérez Cuadra, Viviana Cambi, María De Los Ángeles Rueda, and Melina Calfuán
    Consequences of the Loss of Traditional Knowledge: The risk of injurious and toxic plants growing in kindergartens Vanesa Pérez Cuadra, Viviana Cambi, María de los Ángeles Rueda, and Melina Calfuán Education Abstract The plant kingdom is a producer of poisons from a vari- ered an option for people with poor education or low eco- ety of toxic species. Nevertheless prevention of plant poi- nomic status or simply as a religious superstition (Rates sonings in Argentina is disregarded. As children are more 2001). affected, an evaluation of the dangerous plants present in kindergartens, and about the knowledge of teachers in Man has always been attracted to plants whether for their charge about them, has been conducted. Floristic inven- beauty or economic use (source of food, fibers, dyes, etc.) tories and semi-structured interviews with teachers were but the idea that they might be harmful for health is ac- carried out at 85 institutions of Bahía Blanca City. A total tually uncommon (Turner & Szcawinski 1991, Wagstaff of 303 species were identified, from which 208 are consid- 2008). However, poisonings by plants in humans repre- ered to be harmless, 66 moderately and 29 highly harm- sent a significant percentage of toxicological consulta- ful. Of the moderately harmful, 54% produce phytodema- tions (Córdoba et al. 2003, Nelson et al. 2007). titis, and among the highly dangerous those with alkaloids and cyanogenic compounds predominate. The number of Although most plants do not have any known toxins, there dangerous plants species present in each institution var- is a variety of species with positive toxicological studies ies from none to 45.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Foliage Plant Development: Breeding Techniques for Anthurium and Spathiphyllum1 R
    ENH1102 Tropical Foliage Plant Development: Breeding Techniques for Anthurium and Spathiphyllum1 R. J. Henny, J. Chen, and T. A. Mellich2 Anthurium and Spathiphyllum are popular tropical orna- 1999). These easy-care, attractive plants, commonly called mental plants. They have lush leaves and exotic flowers and peace lily, originate from the tropical rainforests of Central are prized for interior decoration in both residential and America. The plants have dark, evergreen foliage. Spathi- public settings. phyllum cultivars are popular interiorscape plants in part because sizes available on the market range from very small Anthurium and Spathiphyllum are among the many plants varieties, such as ‘Petite’, to the larger forms of ‘Mauna Loa’ in the Araceae family that are commercially cultivated and ‘Sensation’. From an ornamental viewpoint, the spathes as tropical ornamentals. Members of this plant family, and spadices (technically both are part of an inflorescence) including Anthurium and Spathiphyllum, are commonly are called flowers and consist of a white, sail-shaped spathe referred to as aroids. The Araceae family includes at least 10 surrounding a spadix (Chen et al. 2003). important ornamental tropical foliage plant genera. Anthurium, also called flamingo lily, exhibit large, showy- red, orange, pink or white flowers arising from plants with glossy, arrow-shaped evergreen leaves. Anthuriums are often cropped for cut flowers, and large-sized Anthurium plants that yield long stems are favored for the floral market. New interspecific hybrids—such as Anthurium X ‘Lady Jane’ and Anthurium X ‘Southern Blush’—are popular for the tropical flowering-foliage market because of their overall smaller size. Anthurium X ‘Red Hot’ (Henny 1999; Henny et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Nomenclature - Flowers Common Name: Botanical Latin Name: Family Name Amaryllis Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) Apple; Flowering Apple, Crab Apple Malus Spp
    Plant Nomenclature - Flowers Common Name: Botanical Latin Name: Family Name Amaryllis Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) Apple; Flowering Apple, Crab Apple Malus spp. (Rosaceae) Autumn Joy Sedum Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ (Crassulaceae) Baby’s Breath Gypsophila paniculata (Caryophyllaceae) Bachelor's buttons, Cornflower Centaurea cyannus (Asteraceae – Compositae) Balloon Flower Platycodon grandiflorus (Campanulaceae – Lobeliaceae) Banana Shrub Michelia fuscata; M. figo (Magnoliaceae) Banksia Banksia spp. (Proteaceae) Begonia Begonia (Begoniaceae) Bellflower Campanula spp. (Campanulaceae – Lobeliaceae) Bells of Ireland Moluccella laevis (Lamiaceae- Labiatae) Billy Balls or Billy Buttons Craspedia globosa (Asteraceae - Compositae) Bird of Paradise Strelitzia reginae (Streliziaceae) Black-Eyed Susan Rudbekia spp. (Asteraceae- Compositae) Blanket Flower Gaillardia spp. (Asteraceae – Compositae) Blue Mist Flower, Hardy ageratum Eupatorium coelestinum syn. (Asteraceae – Compositae) Conoclinium coelestinum Blue Throatwort Trachelium caeruleum (Campanulaceae – Lobeliaceae) Bouvardia Bouvardia spp. (Rubiaceae) Breath of Heaven Coleonema pulchrum(Diosma) (Rutaceae) Brodiaea; also Triteleia Brodiaea spp . (Liliaceae) Broom Genista spp. (Fabaceae – Leguminosae) Buttercup; Ranunculus Ranunuclus spp. (Ranunculaceae) Butterfly Bush Buddleia davidii (Buddlejaceae) Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberose (Asclepiadaceae) Calla Lily Zantedeschia spp. (Araceae) Camellia Camellia spp. (Theaceae) Candytuft Iberis spp. (Brassicaceae – Cruciferae) Chinese Lantern Lily Sandersonia
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp.
    [Show full text]