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An Annotated Check-List of Ascomycota Reported from Soil and Other Terricolous Substrates in Egypt A

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An Annotated Check-List of Ascomycota Reported from Soil and Other Terricolous Substrates in Egypt A J ournal of Basic & Applied Mycology 2 (2011): 1-27 © 2010 by The Society of Basic & Applied Mycology (EGYPT) An annotated check-list of Ascomycota reported from soil and other terricolous substrates in Egypt A. F. Moustafa* & A. M. Abdel - Azeem Depar tment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Univer sity of Suez *Corresponding author: e-mail: Canal, lsmailia 4 1522, Egypt Moustafa_ [email protected] Received 26/6/20 I 0, Accepted 6/4 /2011 Abstract By screening of available sources of intormation, it was possible to tigure out a range of 310 taxa that could be representing Egyptian Ascomycota up to the present time. In this treatment. concern was given to ascomycetous fungi of almost all terricolous substrates while phytopathogenic and aquatic torms are not included. According to the scheme proposed by Kirk et a!. (2008). reported taxa in Egypt belonged to 88 genera in 31 families, and l l orders. In view of this scheme. very few numbers of taxa remained without certain taxonomic position (im:ertae sedis). It is also worthy to be mentioned that among species included in the list. twenty-eight are introduced to the ascosporic mycobiota as novel taxa based on type materials collected ti·om Egyptian habitats. The list includes also 19 species which are considered new records to the general mycobiota of Egypt. When species richness and substrate preference, as impotiant ecological parameters. are considered. it has been noticed that Egyptian Ascomycota shows some interesting features noteworthy to be mentioned. At the substrate level, clay soils. came first by hosting a range of I 08 taxa to Ilowed by deseti soils (60 taxa). At the taxonomic level, Sordariales. compared to other orders, accommodated the greatest number of taxa i.e. 92 taxa followed by Eurotiales (61 taxa). Chaetomiaceae and Trichocomaceae are by far the richest families by housing 61 taxa. At the generic level, Chaetomium occupied the tirst place among all reported genera by including 51 species followed by Arthroderma ( 15 spp.). Provisional keys to the identitication of reported taxa are given. Key words: Ascomycota. biodiversity, check-list, Egypt, fungi , taxonomy Introduction isolations from different sources. Species of each group were given in a taxonomic sequence. Accepted Informations about Egyptian ascosporic fungi names were highlighted in bold and synonyms were are very rare and limited because members of the also mentioned. The systematic arrangement in the group were either overlooked during investigations present list tollows the latest system of classification 11 or never been the sole target of any investigation appearing in the I 0' edition of Anisworth & Bisby's betore until Abdel-Azeem (2003) conducted a survey Dictionary of the fungi (Kirk et a/. 2008). Name study tocusing mainly on the ascosporic torms. correction, authority, and taxonomic assignments of Based on the results of this study and beside data all taxa reported in this article are checked with the collected tl·om previous studies as well as web site of Index Fungurum informations obtained tl·om web sites. compilations. (http://www. index fun gorum. org!N ames!N ames. asp). and check-lists of Egyptian fungi previously Sources of information obtained from other introduced by several investigators (Moubasher, databases are reterred to in the text by abbreviations 1993; Mouchacca. 1995, 1999, 2005 and El-Abyad, as follows: American Type Culture Collection 1997) it can be deduced that the number of (A TCC), Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures ascosporic mycobiota of soil and other terricolous (CBS, Holland), Commonwealth Agricultural substrates in Egypt up to the present time is nearly Bureau International (CARl-Bioscience, UK) and 310. Mycotheque de I'Universite Catholique de Louvain The present list is concerned with only (MUCL, Belgium). Taxa considered as new saprotrophic species isolated from soil and some Egyptian records are referred to by solid arrows ( ..). other substrates such as dung, compost, sludge, seeds, grains, nails and hooves. Plant parasitic and Identification aquatic taxa, wheather algicolous or lignicolous, are not included in the present list. Therefore, it should It is well known that microscopic characters of be mentioned here that, although the present study teleomorphs (perfect states) are considered by far the will add some new data to our information fundamentals for the identification of Ascomycetes. concerning the Ascomycota of Egypt, this updated However, associated anamorphs (imperfect states) check-list must be considered as a provisional one may be in some instances very crucial where they always waiting for continuous supplementation. serve as useful key characters especially in some For the ease of reference, collected names were genera like Arthroderma, Byssochlamys, Eurotium, sorted out into two main groups, the first comprised Neosartorya, Fennellia and Talaromyces. Various those taxa originally described from Egypt and anamorphic forms are produced by ascosporic fungi. introduced as novel taxa, and the second contained The mode of conidial development (conidiogenesis) those taxa which were reported during routine in these forms however follow different patterns Journal of Basic & Applied Mycology 2 (20 II ): 1-27 2 © 20 I 0 by The Society of Basic & Applied Mycology (EGYPT) where conidia rna) be phi a li d ic, either remaining in coiled, uncinate, comb-like. branched. dry. long chains as in Aspery, illus and Penicillium or unbranched. septate or aseptate. slimming down to form gloeo id balls as 111 C. Asci Acremonium. Ciliocludium and Fusurium. Also. • Uni or bitunicate. conidia may belong to the a leuriotype as 111 • Spherical, subspherica l. ellipsoidal, Sepedonium. Nigrosporu. Chn·.mspori11111, cylindrical. clavate or broadly-clavate. IIZ1·celiophthorn or may be a nn ellidic a:, in • Operculate or non-opercu late. Scopulariopsis, Wurdomyces. Seilncueu or !ha lli e as • Deliquescent (evanescent) or \\ ith in /'v!icrosporum and Trichoph1 wn or develop persistent walls. sympodia ll y on geniculate conidiophores as in D. Ascospores (Figs. 3-6 ) Drechslera, Curvuluria, Bipoluris. Exserohilum, • Shape: spheriod. ellipsoid, allantoid. Alternaria and Stemphylium. triangu lar. fu siform, planoconve;o._ , rhomboid. Criteria for distinction betwee n ascomycete taxa • Septation: aseptate (unicellular) (See Figs. 1-6) Septate: with transverse septa A. Asco mata only (phragmot) pe) or with both • Present or absent (absent in yeast fungi) transverse and longitudinal septa • Structure: if present (dictyotype). a: macroscopic and fle shy or • Colour: hya line (colourless) . microscopic to minute Pi gmented (de;o._tr in oid, pinkish. b: gy mnothecial. cleistothecial. brownish). perithecial. apothecial or • Surface: smooth. fine!) -verrucose. psuedothecial tuberculate. rou gh, sp in y. pon·ate. crestate • Texture: soft or sc lerotioicl or acrestate • Colour: colourless. cremny. ye llowi sh Crests i r present: I. 2 or 4 orange or brown. Crests bounding a furrow or not B. Pe ri dia a nd peridial :1ppcnd:1ges (Figs. I bounding a furro"' . &2) • Surface structures: present or absent in • Peridiurn surface: glabrous (smooth) or the form of: germ pores or slits. tomentose (hairy); ha irs (appendages): appendages or mucoid caudae. similar to vegctati ve hyp ha e gelatinous sheath. (mycelioid) or distinct. E. Yeast forms (ascosporic yeasts) • Peridium structure: loose envelops • False mycelium: present or absent (gym nothec ia I) or comractl y wove n • Number of ascospores per ascus: I. 2. (pseudoparcnch ymat ic ). 4. 8 or man y. • Wall tran sparency: dark or tr il nslucent. • Ascospore morphol ogy: spherical. • Surface cells (textura): ep idermoidea. reniform. ellipso idal. acicular, hat­ angularis or intricata. shaped, saturnoid. • Peridial appendages: lon g or short. • Ascospore surface: smooth , fine!) strai ght. undulilte. luosel) or compactly verrucose, rough. General Key to ascomycete groups I­ Ascomata abse nt. thallus made of loose budding cells. ...... Key 1 (A scosporogenous yeasts) I- Ascomata present, thallus made of richl y branched mycelium ........... ......................... ... .. ... 2 2- Ascomotal wall consists of loose network of hyphae ... .. Key II (Gymnothecial Ascomycetes) 2- Ascomotal wall typically pseudoparenchymatic....... ..... ... ... ...... .... .. .................. 3 3- Ascomata not fle shy, usualy microscopic ... ..... ................. ..... .. ......... .. .. ... ................ .4 3- Ascomata flesh y, usualy macroscopic ......... ..................... ············ .... ........... 6 4- Asci unitunicate ....................................... .. ...5 4- Asc i bitunicate. Key Ill (Pseudothecial Ascomycetes) 5- Ascomata non-osti olate . Key IV (Cieistothecial Ascomycetes) 5- Ascomata ostiolate . ......... .. .. Key V (Perithecial Ascomycetes) 6- Ascomata non mushroom-like or tuber-like ... ..... .. .... .. .. Key VI (Apothecial Ascomycetes) 6- Ascomata mu shroom -like or tuber-like .......................... ..... Key VII (Truffles and Morels) Journal of Basic & Applied Mycology 2 (2011): 1-27 3 ~ - 1 0 I 0 by The Society of 8a:,ic & ApplicJ Mycology (EGYPT) c a d Fig. I. Peridial appendages a- Ctenomyces: Comb-like (ctenoid). each cell with curved spine. b- Arthroderma: Dumb-bell shaped (ossiform) cells. c- Lasio!Jolidium: Hyaline. lon g sinuous to loosely coiled. d- Myxotriclwm: IJMk pigmented, septate. uncinate (curved) ends. e- Ascotriclw: Pigme11ted dichotomously-branched with ampullae (bulbi li s) f- Auxartl1ron: Hya line
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