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The Mayor and Early Lollard Dissemination
University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2012 The mayor and early Lollard dissemination Angel Gomez University of Central Florida Part of the Medieval History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Gomez, Angel, "The mayor and early Lollard dissemination" (2012). HIM 1990-2015. 1774. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1774 THE MAYOR AND EARLY LOLLARD DISSEMINATION by ANGEL GOMEZ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in History in the College of Arts and Humanities and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 Thesis Chair: Dr. Emily Graham Abstract During the fourteenth century in England there began a movement referred to as Lollardy. Throughout history, Lollardy has been viewed as a precursor to the Protestant Reformation. There has been a long ongoing debate among scholars trying to identify the extent of Lollard beliefs among the English. Attempting to identify who was a Lollard has often led historians to look at the trial records of those accused of being Lollards. One aspect overlooked in these studies is the role civic authorities, like the mayor of a town, played in the heresy trials of suspected Lollards. -
C.1530 Sarah Raskin
False Oaths The Silent Alliance between Church and Heretics in England, c.1400-c.1530 Sarah Raskin Submitted in partial fulFillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Sarah Raskin All rights reserved ABSTRACT False Oaths: The Silent Alliance between Church and Heretics in England, c. 1400-1530 Sarah Raskin This dissertation re-examines trials for heresy in England from 1382, which saw the First major action directed at the WyclifFite heresy in Oxford, and the early Reformation period, with an emphasis on abjurations, the oaths renouncing heretical beliefs that suspects were required to swear after their interrogations were concluded. It draws a direct link between the customs that developed around the ceremony of abjuration and the exceptionally low rate of execution for “relapsed” and “obstinate” heretics in England, compared to other major European anti-heresy campaigns of the period. Several cases are analyzed in which heretics who should have been executed, according to the letter and intention of canon law on the subject, were permitted to abjure, sometimes repeatedly. Other cases ended in execution despite intense efforts by the presiding bishop to obtain a similarly law-bending abjuration. All these cases are situated in the context of the constitutions governing heresy trials as well as a survey of the theology and cultural standing of oaths within both WyclifFism and the broader Late Medieval and Early Modern world. This dissertation traces how Lollard heretics gradually accepted the necessity of false abjuration as one of a number of measures to preserve their lives and their movement, and how early adopters using coded writing carefully persuaded their co-religionists of this necessity. -
Dawn of the Reformation Vol 1
THE DAWN OF THE REFORMATION BY HERBERT B. WORKMAN, MA. VOL. I THE AGE OF WYCLIF London: CHARLES H. KELLY 2, CASTLE ST., CITY RD.; AND 26, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1901 OCR and formatting by William H. Gross www.onthewing.org Nov 2016 Page breaks have been adjusted for readability (widow/orphan) PREFACE I HAVE entitled this little work The Dawn of the Reformation. My purpose is to trace the various influences and forces both within and without the Church, which produced the great revolution of the sixteenth century. At what hour" dawn" begins is always a matter of dispute, and depends largely on local circumstances. But one thing is certain. A new day has begun long before the average worker has commenced his toil. So with the Reformation. The study of its causes cannot commence with Erasmus or Savonarola; its methods and results were to some extent settled for it in the century before Luther or Cranmer. My narrow limits have compelled me to omit many things of interest, and to compress into a few lines others which demanded as many pages. viii PREFACE I have constantly realised that to write a small history is more difficult than to write one of larger margins. In what I have included, as well as in what I have omitted, the understanding of the Reformation and its causes has alone had weight. If it be objected that I have given a disproportionate space to Wyclif, or made him bulk larger than he did in his own day, I must plead that his life has scarcely received the attention it deserves. -
Linguam Ad Loquendum: Writing a Vernacular Identity in Medieval And
LINGUAM AD LOQUENDUM: WRITING A VERNACULAR IDENTITY IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN ENGLAND Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Erin Kathleen Wagner, M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Richard Firth Green, Advisor Karen Winstead Ethan Knapp Hannibal Hamlin Copyright by Erin Kathleen Wagner 2015 ABSTRACT The status of the English language in late medieval England is a complicated one. Even though used relatively comfortably by secular authors, like Chaucer and Gower, religious writers were constrained by the oversight of the church and its uneasiness concerning vernacular theological discourse. The purpose of this dissertation is to look more closely at the treatment of the English language across normal genre boundaries, bringing together texts of more secular authors like Chaucer and those of theological writers like Reginald Pecock. In doing so, this project highlights a universal concern with the issue of vernacular identity. The problem of English and what it could be used for was a high-profile one, affecting not only what language writers used, but also the topics they raised. While examining the presentation of the vernacular in my chosen texts, I argue that even texts traditionally considered to be confident in their use of English, like The Canterbury Tales, are preoccupied with the subject of unrestricted speech and the nature of the English language. ii Dedicated to my mother and father, Philip and Deborah Wagner iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without a network of academic, familial, and collegial support. -
The Art of the Question in Late Medieval England
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 The Art Of The Question In Late Medieval England Erika Dawn Harman University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Harman, Erika Dawn, "The Art Of The Question In Late Medieval England" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2915. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2915 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2915 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Art Of The Question In Late Medieval England Abstract This project uncovers the unwritten rules of the interrogative which acted as arbiters of power in religious discourse between 1300 and 1450. The central claim of the project is that scenes of question-asking dramatize the convergence of conflicting cultural and intellectual investments, as lay people leverage questions to negotiate social position, spiritual authority, and access to knowledge. Viewed as intersections between lay education and clerical learnedness, questions show how late medieval authors incorporated contemporary social concerns about the development of an educated laity. Despite the role of the interrogative in both communicating the laity’s aspirations for religious knowledge and reifying social barriers that denied them such access, there has been no extended study published on questions in Middle English literature. Individual chapters approach questioning through the clerical resources harnessed to address the laity’s demand for religious knowledge, including rhetoric, grammatical thought, and techniques of scholastic disputation. Each chapter examines a genre which represents an intersection between lay education and clerical learnedness: devotional guides such as those by Richard Rolle, Lollard tracts, lyrics, sermons, and elementary textbooks. -
Pastors and Pilgrims: Augustinian Reform in The
PASTORS AND PILGRIMS: AUGUSTINIAN REFORM IN THE LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLISH CHURCH by JONATHAN FOGGIN (Under the Direction of Cynthia Turner Camp ) ABSTRACT This study examines currents of reform in the late medieval English church. One of its primary arguments is that “reform” is a concept fundamental to the Christian faith, and the notion of a single, monolithic “Reformation” obscures and distorts other movements of renewal in the history of the church. A related assertion is that “the Reformation” exhibits characteristics more closely connected to revolution than reform. In the early-fifteenth century, the most successful attempts at reform arose out of the renewed appreciation of Augustine that took place in the previous century. While the culturally Protestant English academy has traditionally understood Augustinianism to be synonymous with the doctrine of predestination, in the later Middle Ages there were numerous other strands of Augustinian thought. Of equal, if not more importance, than the predestinarian strain of Augustinianism, was a theological approach that emphasized the cura animarum and the pilgrimage of life. This “pastoral Augustinianism” eschews the revolutionary tendencies that animate predestinarian modes of thought, such as Wycliffism and much of early modern Protestantism, and instead sees religious renewal as something patient of (in the Christian sense of the word) terrestrial imperfection. It is this emphasis on measured, incremental advancement through the fallen world that is characteristic of true reform. These reformist tendencies can be seen in the writings of William Langland and the faith and practice of the Austin Canons, one of whom, an Oxford theologian named Philip Repingdon, came to exercise great influence within the English church. -
Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 19 March 2018 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Royal, Susan (2017) 'English Evangelical historians on the origins of the Reformation.', Etudes ¡epist¡em e. (32). Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.4000/episteme.1859 Publisher's copyright statement: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk 3/19/2018 English Evangelical Historians on the Origins of “the Reformation” Études Épistémè Revue de littérature et de civilisation (XVIe – XVIIIe siècles) 32 | 2017 : 1517, and all that: dating the beginning of the Reformation in Early Modern Britain and France English Evangelical Historians on the Origins of “the Reformation” Les origines de la Réforme anglaise vue par les historiens protestants S R Résumés English Français Although Luther’s protest of indulgences in 1517 is often considered to be the point of origin for “the Reformation”, first- and second-generation English evangelicals understood that origin differently. -
After Wyclif: Lollard Biblical Scholarship and the English Vernacular, C.1380-C.1450
After Wyclif: Lollard Biblical Scholarship and the English Vernacular, c.1380-c.1450 by David W. Lavinsky A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in The University of Michigan 2009 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Karla T. Taylor, Co-Chair Associate Professor Theresa L. Tinkle, Co-Chair Professor Thomas A. Green Professor Michael C. Schoenfeldt © David W. Lavinsky _______________________________________________ 2009 In memory of Anne E. Imbrie ii Acknowledgments Inspired by Mike Schoenfeldt’s work, I came to Michigan intending to write a dissertation on Milton. Mike was an exceedingly generous and energetic mentor from the beginning—and no less so after I changed my focus to late medieval literature. Even in the midst of a deanship and numerous committee assignments he somehow always made time to talk. Our conversations would range from medieval to early modern contexts and back again, a salutary reminder that no student of English religious culture can afford to draw strict periodic boundaries or rest complacently in a single archive. His intellectual companionship over the years has made me a better medievalist. Tom Green brought the full scope of his interdisciplinary background in law and history to bear on this project, encouraging me to ask questions I had not thought to ask and thereby to see familiar material in new and exciting ways. I also thank Tom for inviting me to present early chapters of the dissertation at the Premodern Colloquium, of which he is the longtime organizer. It is through his collegiality and dedicated service to intellectual life at Michigan that I was introduced to a community of graduate students and faculty whose insights have vastly enriched my scholarship. -
LEICESTERSHIRE LOLLARDS by JAMES CROMPTON'
LEICESTERSHIRE LOLLARDS by JAMES CROMPTON' Henry Crumpe,2 an Irish Cistercian, in 1382 wanted a word to describe the Oxford associates of John Wyclif. He chose to caU them Lollards, and was as a consequence suspended from all academic exercises and from preaching in the university, on the grounds that he had, thereby, caused a disturbance of the peace,3 Lollard had the force of a dirty word, but it stuck, and was extended in scope and meaning to cover all English heretics. Five years later, in 1387, the bishop of Worcester called the heretics in his diocese Lollards4, disciples of anti-Christ, and followers of Mohamet. The poet John Gowers used the word in 1390. About the same time, or not much later, heretics in Leicester were also so described by Knighton, but he went further, and said that they were the disciples of Wyclif: "sicque a vulgo Wycliff discipuli et Wyclyviani sive Lollardi vocati sunt".6 It is interesting that the word Lollard should have been known at all in England, for it originated in the Low Countries, in a Middle-Dutch word lollaerd, first meaning a mumbler or babbler of prayers. It had, therefore, some of the connotations of the later word Ranter. In its latin form, Lollardi, it was applied as a term of abuse in the early-fourteenth century to the Beguines and Beghards, and this must have been the association aroused when Henry Crumpe first used it in Oxford. The word soon acquired further symbolism. By analogy with the word lolium (tares), Lollards came to be looked upon as those who sowed tares in the Lord's wheatfield.7 This was the emphasis in Chaucer's lines "I smelle a loller in the wynde .. -
Oxford and Its Story
Oxford and its Story Author: Cecil Headlam The Project Gutenberg EBook of Oxford and its Story, by Cecil Headlam This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Oxford and its Story Author: Cecil Headlam Illustrator: Herbert Railton Fanny Railton Release Date: July 13, 2014 [EBook #46274] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OXFORD AND ITS STORY *** Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images available at The Internet Archive) OXFORD AND ITS STORY [Illustration: OXFORD CASTLE (_Photogravure_)] OXFORD AND ITS STORY BY CECIL HEADLAM, M.A. AUTHOR OF "NUREMBERG," "CHARTRES," ETC. ETC. [Illustration] WITH TWENTY-FOUR LITHOGRAPHS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS BY HERBERT RAILTON THE LITHOGRAPHS BEING TINTED BY FANNY RAILTON 1912 LONDON J. M. DENT & SONS, LTD. NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. _First Edition_, 1904 _Second and Cheaper Edition_, 1912 _All rights reserved_ ALMAE MATRI FILIUS INDIGNUS HAUD INGRATUS PREFACE The Story of Oxford touches the History of England, social and political, mental and architectural, at so many points, that it is impossible to deal with it fully even in so large a volume as the present. Even as it is, I have been unavoidably compelled to save space by omitting much that I had written and practically all my references and acknowledgments. -
Beare, Nicole Alexandra, Phd, ENGL, December 2012.Pdf
Simple Readers (Mis)Reading Profound Matter in English: The Lollard Heresy of Reading and its Effects on English Vernacular Theological Writing in the Late Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries by Nicole Alexandra Beare Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia December 2012 © Copyright by Nicole Alexandra Beare, 2012 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH The undersigned hereby certify that they have read and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance a thesis entitled “Simple Readers (Mis)Reading Profound Matter in English: The Lollard Heresy of Reading and its Effects on English Vernacular Theological Writing in the Late Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries” by Nicole Alexandra Beare in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dated: December 5, 2012 External Examiner: ________________________________ Research Supervisor: ________________________________ Examining Committee: ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Departmental Representative: ________________________________ ii DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DATE: December 5, 2012 AUTHOR: Nicole Alexandra Beare TITLE: Simple Readers (Mis)Reading Profound Matter in English: The Lollard Heresy of Reading and its Effects on English Vernacular Theological Writing in the Late Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: Department of English DEGREE: PhD CONVOCATION: May YEAR: 2013 Permission is herewith granted to Dalhousie University to circulate and to have copied for non-commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title upon the request of individuals or institutions. I understand that my thesis will be electronically available to the public. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission.