Leandro Almir Aragon POLÍTICA DA MÚSICA E EXPERIMENTAÇÃO

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Leandro Almir Aragon POLÍTICA DA MÚSICA E EXPERIMENTAÇÃO Leandro Almir Aragon POLÍTICA DA MÚSICA E EXPERIMENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA DO SOM NA LIVRE IMPROVISAÇÃO MUSICAL Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Psicologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Kátia Maheirie Florianópolis 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha orientadora, professora Kátia Maheirie, pela orientação, pelo pioneirismo no estudo sobre as relações entre a música, a política e a psicologia e pela inspiração para esta pesquisa. Agradeço ao Motim, amor coletivo a quem devo boa parte das discussões que originaram este texto. Agradeço à minha mãe, Telma Rosa, que me apoiou e esteve comigo em todos os meus anos de formação e de vida. Agradeço, por fim, aos colegas do NUPRA, pelas troca, e debates e incontáveis reuniões e grupos de estudo. RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a relação entre música e política a partir de uma análise da política da música da chamada improvisação livre. Entendo música como uma forma de recortar e distribuir o continuum sonoro que consiste da seleção e da composição ou organização de matérias informes segundo certas lógicas que definem gêneros musicais. Por política, entendo a ruptura com as lógicas de composição e distribuição dos espaços a partir de um princípio de igualdade radical. Conceituo, por fim, política da música como uma ruptura das lógicas de organização do som que designam um som como musical ou como ruído, segundo a lógica de que um som só pode ser ouvido como musical à medida que qualquer outro pode. De um ponto de vista metodológico, construo uma perspectiva cartográfica informada pelo método diferencial de Deleuze e Guattari e do método da igualdade de Jacques Rancière. Essa perspectiva objetiva uma análise das lógicas abstratas que operam na criação musical dos casos analisados, para além da superfície das músicas já formadas. A análise divide-se em três casos de improvisação. No primeiro caso, discuto a linguagem musical do guitarrista e improvisador Derek Bailey ligando-a ao seu conceito de improvisação não-idiomática para investigar a possibilidade de criação de uma linguagem do fora. No segundo caso, discuto o jogo musical (Game Piece) Cobra do improvisador e compositor americano John Zorn a partir de peças, conceitos e cenas musicais que o influenciaram. Nesse segundo caso, interessa discutir a criação de uma capacidade coletiva de ação e enunciação a partir de uma multiplicidade irredutível de linguagens. Por fim, no terceiro caso, discuto, a partir de três performances de improvisação do grupo italiano Musica Elettronica Viva, a hipótese levantada pelo grupo de que todos os seres humanos são seres musicais e a improvisação demonstra-o. Nesse terceiro caso, interessa discutir a possibilidade de a política da música operar uma redistribuição das capacidades e incapacidades humanas – músico e não músico – através da afirmação da univocidade do som. Concluo das análises que a capacidade da música afetar a política reside na possibilidade de converter um princípio de composição do espaço sonoro em um princípio de redistribuição das capacidades e na possibilidade de afirmar a capacidade de qualquer. Palavras-chave: música; política; improvisação livre; política da música. ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to discuss the relationship between music and politics from an analysis of the politics of music of the so- called free improvisation. I understand music as a way of cutting and distributing the sound continuum that consists of the selection and composition or organization of unformed matters according to certain logics that define musical genres. By politics, I understand the rupture with the logics of composition and distribution of spaces by a principle of radical equality. Finally, I conceptualize the politics of music as a rupture of the logics of the organization of sound that designate a sound as musical or as noise, according to the logic that a sound can only be heard as musical as any other can. From a methodological point of view, I construct a cartographic perspective informed by the differential method of Deleuze and Guattari and the method of equality of Jacques Rancière. This perspective aims at an analysis of the abstract logics that operate in the musical creation of the cases analyzed, beyond the surface of the already formed musics. The analysis is divided into three cases of improvisation. In the first case, I discuss the musical language of british guitarist and improviser Derek Bailey linking it to his concept of non-idiomatic improvisation to investigate the possibility of creating a language of the outside. In the second case, I discuss the musical Game Piece Cobra of american improviser and composer John Zorn through pieces, concepts and musical scenes that influenced him. In this second case, the discussion focuses on the creation of a collective capacity for action and enunciation from an irreducible multiplicity of languages. Finally, in the third case, I discuss, through three improvisational performances by the italian group Musica Elettronica Viva, the hypothesis raised by the group that all human beings are musical beings and improvisation demonstrates it. In this third case, the discussion focuses on the possibility of the politics of music to operate a redistribution of human capacities and incapacities - musician and non-musician - through the affirmation of the univocity of sound. I conclude from the analysis that the ability of music to affect politics lies in the possibility of converting a principle of composition of sound space into a principle of redistribution of capabilities and the possibility of affirming the capacity of anyone. Keywords: music; politics; free improvisation; politics of music. SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................... 13 2 CONSIDERAÇÕES METODOLÓGICAS ...................... 29 2.1 TRÊS MAPAS ...................................................................... 38 3 MÚSICA E POLÍTICA DA MÚSICA .............................. 43 3.1 O PROBLEMA DA MÚSICA .............................................. 49 3.2 AS LEIS DA MÚSICA, AS LEIS DA CIDADE .................. 58 3.3 A POLÍTICA DA MÚSICA ................................................. 60 4 DEREK BAILEY E A LINGUAGEM DO FORA: IMPROVISAÇÃO NÃO-IDIOMÁTICA .......................................... 67 4.1 DEREK BAILEY ANTES DE1963 ...................................... 72 4.2 CAGE E EVANS; MESSIAEN E DOLPHY ....................... 76 4.3 “UMA LINGUAGEM QUE SERIA LITERALMENTE DESARTICULADA”............................................................................ 85 4.4 OS PROBLEMAS DO TEMPO ........................................... 99 4.5 O SILÊNCIO E O TEMPO ................................................. 104 5 COBRA E A COMUNIDADE DE IMPROVISADORES 111 5.1 COLAGEM E DESCONTINUIDADE ............................... 112 5.2 OS GAME PIECES ............................................................ 113 5.3 COBRA 1 ............................................................................ 116 5.4 BLOCOS/MOMENTOS ..................................................... 118 5.5 MÓBILES ........................................................................... 123 5.6 MÚSICA COMO COLETIVIDADE .................................. 127 5.7 COMUNIDADE ................................................................. 134 5.8 A IGUALDADE DOS GÊNEROS MUSICAIS ................. 139 5.9 ALQUIMIA ........................................................................ 146 5.10 MÚSICA E(´) AÇÃO: O TEATRO INSTRUMENTAL .... 153 5.11 COBRA 2: PROBLEMATA ............................................... 157 6 MUSICA ELETTORNICA VIVA E A CAPACIDADE DE QUALQUER UM .............................................................................. 161 6.1 O EFEITO PIEZOELÉTRICO E A UNIVOCIDADE DO SOM 165 6.2 LABIRINTO ....................................................................... 168 6.3 A COLETIVIDADE DOS FAZEDORES DE SOPA ......... 174 6.4 IMPROVISAÇÃO COMO SABEDORIA TRÁGICA ....... 180 6.5 S(U)ONO: MÚSICA COMO DISSENSO, MÚSICA COMO IGUALDADE ..................................................................................... 185 7 CONCLUSÃO: A MÚSICA, A POLÍTICA ................... 191 13 1 INTRODUÇÃO Há uma antiga preocupação para a qual Platão (A República, 424c) já advertia: a música é uma coisa perigosa, é preciso ter cuidado, pois uma alteração nos gêneros musicais acarreta em alterações nas leis da cidade. O fundamento desse alerta é a suposição de uma relação entre música e política que nos coloca um duplo problema: ao mesmo tempo problema político da música e problema musical da política. Os elementos dos quais a música é composta tornam-se um problema político, enquanto a própria política, a distribuição ou composição da cidade, se vê atravessada pela música. Há, entretanto, algo mais que se insinua na relação entre música e política: a existência de uma política da música, onde o som é envolvido em um drama político que é próprio à música. Esse drama diz respeito ao fato de que a música consiste, primeiramente, num recorte do continuum sonoro, numa contagem e numa distribuição desse espaço. Ele reside no fato de que a música e a política dizem respeito ao que Jacques Rancière chama de estética: “um recorte dos tempos e dos espaços, do visível e do dizível, da palavra e do ruído” (2009a, p. 16). Há uma política da música porque a música, como veremos, constitui um espaço conflitivo entre som e ruído, um recorte
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