! !

! ! !"#$%&#'#()"$*((+,&!"#$!#%&"$'%%()*$ $ "#$%&'()!*%)+(,($)*$#+! -"./0'1',.!/'%&+&(+%/+!! !

!"#$%&'%%($%)&)$$)" 3) $ -,.$/0 $1-,.$/2 4$/022$ $ $

! ! ! ! "#$%&$'()!*%!#+',!-.!,/(!0(#+',1(%,!$2!3&.4/$5$6.!+%)!,/(!"4/$$5!$2!781+%*,*(&!+%)!"4*(%4(&! !"#$%#&'()*$)"+&,)-.),/')0'"+&,1'$,)#2)3%.4/#5#6.7),/')!4/##5)#2)891+$*,*'%):)!4*'$4'% +$()3%*);/* ! 1 ! ! ! ! !"#$%&'(&)'*+%*+,& & 9(54$1(!:(,,('&! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;<=! ! >$%2('(%4(!"4/()85(! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?! ! @(.%$,(!"#(+A('!B*$6'+#/*(&! ! ! ! ! ! ! C

! 2 ! ! ! ! ! 3 ! ! ! !

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`*1-+')$M! +%)!0'X!O($'6(!"5+R*4/M!+%)!2$'1*%6!1(+%*%6285!4$%%(4,*$%&!J*,/!&,8)(%,!'(&(+'4/('&!+%)! 2+485,.!2'$1!-$,/!/('(!+%)!+-'$+)X!!!9(54$1(!,$!",+%2$')V! ! "*%4('(5.M! ^(-(44+!L$/%&$%! QZ(48,*R(!0*'(4,$'M!"S3>!IPHH

! 4 ! ! ! ! Conference Schedule

Friday May 20th, 2011:

5:00-7:00 pm Banquet Dinner Linguistics Courtyard Introductory Speaker: Dr. George Slavich, SUPC Founder Keynote: Dr. Philip Zimbardo, Psychology Department

Saturday May 21st, 2011: 8:00 – 8:45 Registration Front of Jordan Hall

9:00 – 9:15 Introductory Address 420-040

9:30 – 11:00 Paper Session I 420-040, 380-380C, 380-380W 380-380Y, 420-041, 380-380X

11:00 – 12:00 Poster Session I Math and Linguistics Courtyards

12:15 – 1:15 Lunch Math Courtyard

1:30 – 2:40 Keynote Address by Professor Michael Frank 420-040

2:45 – 4:15 420-040, 380-380C, 380-380W Paper Session II 380-380Y, 420-041, 380-380X

4:15 – 5:15 Poster Session II Math and Linguistics Courtyards

5:30 – 6:30 Closing/Social Math and Linguistics Courtyards

! 5 ! ! ! ! Speaker Biographies

Saturday Keynote: & 0'X!K*4/+(5!>X!N'+%A!*&!+%!G&&*&,+%,!3'$2(&&$'!$2!3&.4/$5$6.!+,!",+%2$')!S%*R('&*,.X!!!7(! '(4(*R()!/*&!3/0!2'$1!KFWa&!0(#+',1(%,!$2!B'+*%!+%)!>$6%*,*R(!"4*(%4(&!*%!"#'*%6!$2!IPHPM! +2,('!6'+)8+,*%6!2'$1!",+%2$')!J*,/!+!)$8-5(!1+[$'!J*,/!7$%$'&!*%!".1-$5*4!".&,(1&!+%)! >$1#+'+,*R(!:*,('+,8'(X!!!7*&!'(&(+'4/!2$48&(&!-'$+)5.!$%!5+%68+6(!+4\8*&*,*$%M!*%458)*%6! 4$1#8,+,*$%+5!1$)(5&!$2!5+%68+6(!+4\8*&*,*$%M!(&#(4*+55.!J$')!&(61(%,+,*$%!+%)!J$')! 5(+'%*%6M!,/(!'$5(!$2!&$4*+5!4$6%*,*$%!*%!5+%68+6(!)(R(5$#1(%,M!+%)!,/(!'(4*#'$4+5!(22(4,&!$2! 5+%68+6(!$%!4$6%*,*$%M!*%458)*%6!4'$&&<485,8'+5!&,8)*(&!$2!%81('*4+5!4$6%*,*$%X!!7(!/+&!'(4(*R()! %81('$8&!+J+')&!+%)!/$%$'&!2$'!/*&!'(&(+'4/!+%)!,(+4/*%6M!*%458)*%6!,/(!9+55(!b+8,+!GJ+')! 2$'!>$%,*%8()!0()*4+,*$%!,$!^(&(+'4/!+%)!W(+4/*%6M!,/(!G%68&!K+40$%+5)!GJ+')!2$'! QZ4(55(%4(!*%!S%)('6'+)8+,(!W(+4/*%6M!+%)!,/(!0+R*)!K+''!3'*_(!2$'!B(&,!",8)(%,!3+#('!2'$1! ,/(!>$6%*,*R(!"4*(%4(!"$4*(,.X!!!7*&!J$'A!/+&!+5&$!-((%!2(+,8'()!*%!%(J&!+%)!Wc!1()*+! *%458)*%6!0*&4$R('!K+6+_*%(M!,/(!:$%)$%!W(5(6'+#/M!B+-.,+5A!1+6+_*%(!+%)!1$'(X!

Friday Keynote:

!3/*5*#!`*1-+')$!/+&!-((%!+!",+%2$')!S%*R('&*,.!#'$2(&&$'!&*%4(!HdCE!T%$J!+%!Q1('*,8&!3'$2(&&$'UM! /+R*%6!,+86/,!#'(R*$8&5.!+,!e+5(M!beSM!+%)!>$581-*+!S%*R('&*,.X!7(!4$%,*%8(&!,(+4/*%6!6'+)8+,(! &,8)(%,&!+,!,/(!3+4*2*4!O'+)8+,(!"4/$$5!$2!3&.4/$5$6.M!+%)!+,!,/(!b+R+5!3$&,!O'+)8+,(!"4/$$5! TK$%,('(.UX!7(!/+&!-((%!6*R(%!%81('$8&!+J+')&!+%)!/$%$'&!+&!+%!()84+,$'M!'(&(+'4/('M!J'*,('M!+%)! &('R*4(!,$!,/(!#'$2(&&*$%X!^(4(%,5.M!/(!J+&!+J+')()!,/(!7+R(5!N$8%)+,*$%!3'*_(!2$'!/*&!5*2(,*1(!$2! '(&(+'4/!$%!,/(!/81+%!4$%)*,*$%X!G1$%6!/*&!1$'(!,/+%!;PP!#'$2(&&*$%+5!#8-5*4+,*$%&!+%)!?P!-$$A&!*&! ,/(!$5)(&,!48''(%,!,(Z,-$$A!*%!#&.4/$5$6.M!-,./0'$'1.&"*2&34(%M!%$J!*%!*,&!HE,/!Q)*,*$%M!+%)!)'5%& )'*/%6+,&4*&-,./0'$'1.!*%!*,&!?,/!Q)*,*$%X!!`*1-+')$!/+&!&('R()!+&!(5(4,()!3'(&*)(%,!$2!,/(!9(&,('%! 3&.4/$5$6*4+5!G&&$4*+,*$%!T,J*4(UM!3'(&*)(%,!$2!,/(!G1('*4+%!3&.4/$5$6*4+5!G&&$4*+,*$%M!,/(!>/+*'!$2! ,/(!>$8%4*5!$2!"4*(%,*2*4!"$4*(,.!3'(&*)(%,&!T>""3U!'(#'(&(%,*%6!C;!&4*(%,*2*4M!1+,/!+%)!,(4/%*4+5! +&&$4*+,*$%&!TJ*,/!HX?!1*55*$%!1(1-('&UM!+%)!%$J!*&!>/+*'!$2!,/(!9(&,('%!3&.4/$5$6*4+5!N$8%)+,*$%X! 7(!/(+)&!+!#/*5+%,/'$#*4!2$8%)+,*$%!*%!/*&!%+1(!,$!#'$1$,(!()84+,*$%!*%!/*&!+%4(&,'+5!"*4*5*+%!,$J%&X! `*1-+')$!+))&!,$!/*&!'(,*'(1(%,!5*&,!+4,*R*,*(&f!&('R*%6!+&!,/(!%(J!(Z(48,*R(!)*'(4,$'!$2!+!4(%,('!$%! ,(''$'*&1M!,/(!>(%,('!2$'!F%,(')*&4*#5*%+'.!3$5*4.M!Q)84+,*$%M!+%)!^(&(+'4/!$%!W(''$'*&1!T>F3Q^WUX!! 7*&!48''(%,!'(&(+'4/!*%,('(&,&!4$%,*%8(!*%!,/(!)$1+*%!$2!&$4*+5!#&.4/$5$6.M!J*,/!+!-'$+)!(1#/+&*&!$%! (R('.,/*%6!*%,('(&,*%6!,$!&,8).!2'$1!&/.%(&&!,$!,*1(!#('&#(4,*R(M!1+)%(&&M!485,&M!R+%)+5*&1M!#$5*,*4+5! #&.4/$5$6.M!,$',8'(M!,(''$'*&1M!+%)!(R*5X!7(!*&!1$&,!(Z4*,()!-.!,/(!#8-5*4+,*$%!$2!/*&!1$&,!*1#$',+%,! 4$%,'*-8,*$%f!!0%&37/4(%5&8((%/+9&:*2%5,+"*24*1&;'<&=''2&-%'6$%&!75*&8>4$X !

! 6 ! ! ! ! Friday Introduction:

0'X!O($'6(!"5+R*4/!*&!+%!+&&*&,+%,!#'$2(&&$'!+%)!"$4*(,.!*%!"4*(%4(f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g'(6$%M!J$'A*%6!J*,/!0'X!"4$,,!K$%'$(X!G2,('! 6'+)8+,(!&4/$$5M!/(!J+&!+!45*%*4+5!#&.4/$5$6.!*%,('%!+,!K4:(+%!7$&#*,+5!+%)!+!45*%*4+5!2(55$J!*%! ,/(!0(#+',1(%,!$2!3&.4/*+,'.!+,!7+'R+')!K()*4+5!"4/$$5X!7(!&8-&(\8(%,5.!4$1#5(,()!,/'((! .(+'&!$2!#$&,)$4,$'+5!,'+*%*%6!*%!#&.4/$%(8'$*118%$5$6.M!2*'&,!+&!+%!bFK7!3$&,)$4,$'+5! N(55$J!*%!,/(!7(+5,/!3&.4/$5$6.!3'$6'+1!+,!S>"NM!J/('(!/(!J$'A()!J*,/!0'&X!K+'6+'(,! @(1(%.!+%)!Q5*&&+!Q#(5M!+%)!,/(%!+&!+%!bFK7!3$&,)$4,$'+5!N(55$J!+,!,/(!>$8&*%&!>(%,('!2$'! 3&.4/$%(8'$*118%$5$6.!+,!S>:GM!J/('(!/(!J$'A()!J*,/!0'&X!b+$1*!Q*&(%-('6('M!>$%%*(! 7+11(%M!K*4/+(5!F'J*%M!+%)!"/(55(.!W+.5$'X!0'X!"5+R*4/Y&!#'$6'+1!$2!'(&(+'4/!(Z+1*%(&!<0.! +%)!0'$%2('(%4(!/(!2$8%)()!,/(! 9(&,('%!3&.4/$5$6*4+5!G&&$4*+,*$%!",8)(%,!>$8%4*5M!+%)!4$<2$8%)()!,/(!"$4*(,.!$2!>5*%*4+5! 3&.4/$5$6.a&!"(4,*$%!$%!O'+)8+,(!",8)(%,&!+%)!Q+'5.!>+'(('!3&.4/$5$6*&,&! TJJJX)*RHI&(4HPX$'6UX!

&

! 7 ! ! ! !

8:00-8:45 Registration Front of Jordan Hall

INTERCULTURAL ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS: THE ROLE OF ATTACHMENT, PERCEIVED CULTURAL COMPATIBILITY, AND PERCEIVED PARTNER OPENESS

Achala Rodrigo University of Toronto, Scarborough 9:00-9:15 Introductory Address 420-040

AN FMRI INVESTIGATION OF THE LINK BETWEEN SOCIAL WARMTH AND PHYSICAL Rebecca Johnson, Executive Director of the Eleventh WARMTH Annual Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Amber Ocampo Conference University of California, Los Angeles

Neuroscience/Developmental 380-380W

9:30-11:00 Paper Session I 420-040 EXPLORING ADOLESCENT CYBER 380-380C, 380-380W, 380-380Y, 420-041 DEPENDENCY: CONCEPTUALIZATION AND 380-380X MEASUREMENT Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD. 380-380D Miriam College, Philippines NOTE: PRESENTING AUTHORS LISTED ONLY

Social a 420-040 SWEET TASTE AFFINITY IN SELECTIVELY BRED THE INFLUENCE OF INGROUP VERSUS RATS: STEVIA VS. SUGAR OUTGROUP STATUS AND POWER OF THE Kiana Dobson PERCEIVER ON THE OWN RACE BIAS Occidental College Devora Beck-Pancer University of California, Los Angeles DEATH ANXIETY, LOCUS OF CONTROL, AND GENDER AS PREDICTORS OF SUBJECTIVE RAPE ATTRIBUTIONS FOR AFRICAN-AMERICAN WELL-BEING AMONG LATE ADULTS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD. Imani Mandela Miriam College, Philippines Georgia State University Cognitive a 380-380Y

POWER AND HELPFULNESS: A GENDER ENHANCING THE COMPREHENSION OF INTERACTION SCIENCE TEXT THROUGH VISUAL ANALOGIES Cayce Cheairs, Elizabeth Holleman Maria Ptouchkina Seattle University Northwestern University

Social b 380- 380C A BIT OF DECLINE: AN INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH TO COMPLEXITY AND EVALUATIONG THE PERCEPTIONS AND PERFORMANCE LOSS EFFECTS OF PATHOGEN RISKS IN RELATION TO David Gerritsen CULTURE AND HEALTH University of Utah Cindy Teng Northwestern University IMPLICIT BELIEF THEORIES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: INCREMENTAL AND ENTITY BELIEFS’ EFFECT ON ATHELETES

! 8 ! ! ! ! Allison M. Prather Rachel Gevertz Seattle University University of California, Berkeley

BIG 5 TRAITS OF ADOLESCENT INVOLVED IN Cognitive b 420-041 VISUAL ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, AND CREATIVE WRITING MULTIPLE-TALKER SPEECH PROCESSING: Stacy Shaw COGNITIVE COSTS IN AUDIO-ONLY AND AUDIO- California State University, East Bay VISUAL CONTEXTS Chi-Hyun Kim WOMEN = MOM BUT MEN ! DAD: STEREOTYPE University of Chicago OVERLAP BETWEEN MOMS, DADS, WOMEN AND MEN Bess Reynolds THE TENDENCY TO DISCOUNT: WE PREFER University of Colorado, Boulder ONE CAUSE OVER TWO Melissa Latham University of San Francisco

11:00-12:00 Poster Session I Courtyards A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND NON-SOCIAL IMPLICIT CUES ON DECISION MAKING Marissa Sharif University of California Los Angeles NOTE: PRESENTING AUTHORS LISTED ONLY

Math Courtyard

Clinical I 380-380X EFFECTS OF CEREBRUM SANGUINE EFFECTS OF SHIFTWORK ON SATURATION ON CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, Martyna Sawicka, ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, Arizona State University AND RISKY BEHAVIOR AMONG CALL CENTER AGENTS Jerry J. Jurisprudência, PhD. BAD OR JUST TROUBLED? THE EFFECTS OF Miriam College, Phillipines BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PERCEPTION OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR THE RELATIONSHOP BETWEEN DEPRESSION Aisha Khan AND PARENTING STRESS IN MOTHERS OF National University of Singapore CHILDREN WITH TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS “YOU ARE WHERE YOU DRINK”: DRINKING Jessica Chan Diep CONTEXT AS A MEDIATOR OF PERSONALITY University of California, Los Angeles TENEDENCIES AND HAZARDOUS ALCOHOL USE Katherine Oberwager VERBAL MEMORY: A PREDICTOR OF Smith College SCHIZOTYPAL TRAITS IN CHILDREN WITH 22Q11.2 DELETION SYNDROM (22QDS)? VALIDATING A NEW ALEXITHYMIA MEASURE Jessica M. Hopkins Christine E. Hart University of California, Los Angeles University of Florida

Social/Personality 380-380 D THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT: DIETING AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL TO FOOD HOW TO FIT ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES INTO CUES OUR PERSONAL VALUES: BURNOUT AND Gia DeMichelle SELF-MONITORING Davidson College

! 9 ! ! ! ! THE EFFECT OF MOOD AND LEVEL OF EXTROVERSION ON SELF-REGULATION IMPLICATIONS OF PARENTAL ATTACHMENT Rebecca Asbury STYLE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF Saint Louis University REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES AMONG AFFLUENT INDIVIDUALS THE STIGMA OF MENTAL ILLNESS: AN Sannaz Kamillia Keyhani INVESTIGATION IN EARLY INTERVENTION Berkley Univesity Aaron Stamper University of California, Los Angeles

BATTERED WOMEN WHO KILL THEIR PARTNERS: THE INFLUENCE OF DEFENDANT HOW ORGANIZATIONAL REPRESENTATIONS CHARACTERISTICS ON VERDICT OUTCOMES INFLUENCE WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT INTEREST Tessa McGrue IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND Dominican University of California MATH (STEM) Emily Chan University of California, Los Angeles THE EFFECT OF ATTENTION MANIPULATION ON EMOTION REGULATION IN DEPRESSED INDIVIDUALS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN HOW STUDENTS William Michael Vanderlind ARE AFFECTED BY THEIR PEERS’ University of Texas at Austin PERFORMANCE Yii Wen Chuah Stanford Unviersity ASSOCIATION OF POSITIVE PARENTING AND RESPONSE INHIBITION IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ATTENTION—DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVIY IMPLICIT THEORIES OF PERSONALITY AND THE DISORDER (ADHD) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPLICIT PREJUDICE Jocelyn Meza AND IMPLICIT STEREOTYPING University of California, Los Angeles Douglas D. Rudeen Seattle University

STRESS, COPING AND CARDIOVASCUALR REACTIVITY STUDY THE EFFECTS OF RELIGIOUS PRIMES ON Bella Arutyunyan PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HONESTY University of California Los Angeles Robert Lyons Seattle University REASSURANCE SEEING BEHAVIOR IN GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER Arundati Nagendra ACUTE EMOTION PREDICTION IN INTERGROUP Northwestern University CONTACT: GENDER GROUPS, POLITICAL PARTIES, AND RIVAL UNIVERSITIES POLITICAL UNREST AND POST TRAUMATIC Yufang “Sabrina“ Sun STRESS DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN Indiana University Bloomington Wangi John Mary Makerere University Kampala REDUCING HEALTH DISPARITIES THROUGH A PEER-DRIVEN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION EARLY TEMPERAMENT PREDICTS ALCOHOL FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN INTERESTED INTAKE IN GROUP-HOUSED RHESUS IN THE USE OF ACUPUNCTURE AS AN ADJUNCT MACAQUES TREATMENT Kfir Orgad Justin Kwok, Annarose Mittelstaedt Brigham Young University University of California, Los Angeles

! 10 ! ! ! ! SPEED DIVERSITY DIALOGUE: MULTICULTURAL University of California, Santa Clara COMPETENCE TRAINING Daniel Mello STRATEGIES USED IN FRACTION MAGNITUDE Sonoma State University COMPARISONS ACROSS LEVELS OF MATH KNOWLEDGE INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT TO DIVERSITY: Melissa DeWolf ALIGNING NEEDS AND RESOURCES Carnegie Mellon University Jacob Tumas Sonoma State University VALENCE AND FADING AFFECT IN THE RECOLLECTION OF RECENT SIGNIFICANT EVENTS LEAVING A FITTING IMPRESSION: THE IMPACT Kenneth Cross OF PERCEIVED BODY FITNESS, GENDER Eastern Washington University AND RACE ON MEMORABILITY Alex Huynh THE ROLE OF IMAGEABILITY IN WORD University of California, San Diego LEARNING Karen Lee Linguistics Courtyard University of California Los Angeles

THE ROLE OF RACE, DISABILITY, AND HOMELESSNESS SATUS IN SOCIAL PREDICTORS OF HAPPINESS AMONG LGBQ PERCEPTIONS COLLEGE STUDENTS Chardee Ashley Galan Danny El Hassan University of California, Berkeley New York University

THE RELATIONS OF SELF-REGULATION TO THE ASSOCIATION OF EMOTIONAL SELF- CHINESE AMERICAN CHILDREN'S EMPATHY AND EFFICACY AND ANXIETY IN CHILDREN WITH SOCIAL COMPETENCE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Charlene Sum Eric Chang & Sharon C. Hui University of California, Berkeley University of California, Los Angeles MATERNAL STRESS AND ITS RELATIONSHOP TO THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON INCIDENTAL SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN FAMILIES WITH LONG-TERM MEMORY INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED CHILDREN Anna K. Jarschke Annie M. Varvaryan Sierra Nevada College Sacramento City College

THE EFFECTS OF INDUCED ELEVATED VERSUS PREDICTORS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING NEURTRAL MOOD ON A GENDER AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION UNIT FACULTY IN STEREOTYPING TASK GIEN TO COMMUNITY MIRIAM COLLEGE COLLEGE STUDENTS Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD Jessica M. Mellinger University of Illinois at Chicago Sacramento City College

YOUTH SATISFACTION SCORES AS A FALSE COGNATE DETECTION: PARALLEL PREDICTOR OF CAREGIVER SATISFACTION ACTIVATION OF NATIVE AND SECOND Alayna Park LANGUAGE LEXICONS University of California, Santa Cruz Kathleen Lee University of Illinois at Chicago ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE USE OF INTERNET AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE DIMENSIONS COMPENSATING FOR A LACK OF AUDIO INPUT OF ALIENATION AND SOME OTHER VARIABLES WHILE DRIVING IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Sarah McQueen Khaled Alotaibi

! 11 ! ! ! ! Carnegie Mellon University Social a 420-040

DOES CROSS-CATEGORY INTERFERENCE INFLUENCE RETRIEVAL-INDUCED THE EFFECT OF GENDER VIOLATIONS ON FORGETTING? PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AMONG MEXICAN Laura Bartak AMERICANS University of California, Los Angeles Jesus Obeso Quintero San Diego State University Imperial Valley

RELATIONSHIP OF EXERCISE AND POSITIVE ASSOCIATIONS OF CHILDHOOD AND REINFORNCEMENT OF D-METHAMPHETAMINE ADOLESCENT ACTIVITIES WITH COLLEGE-AGED IN RATS ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES Brittani D. Vaillancourt Aaron M. Hussmann University of California, San Diego California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT PROTECTS AGAINST STRESS-INDUCED COGNITIVE AND THE EFFECTS OF FACILITATION PARADIGM ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE CA3 POWER DYNAMICS WITHIN INTERGROUP REGION OF ADULT HIPPOCAMPUS DIALOGUE AMONG JEWISH ISRAELI, Agnieszka Mika and Danya Anouti PALESTINIAN, AND U.S. ADOLESCENTS Arizona State University Eric Windell University of California, Santa Cruz

FAMILY INVOLVEMENT ACROSS ADOLESCENTS’ TRANSITION TO COLLEGE Social b 380-380C Jenny Padilla, Sierra Nevada College TO CATCH A LIAR: THE EFFECTS OF VIDEO TRANING ON LAYPERSONS ABILITY TO DETECT DECEIT WE PLAY BECAUSE WE WANT TO: MOTIVES FOR Simon Poulton PLAYING DRINKING GAMES AS A MEDIATOR OF University of California, Los Angeles ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES AND DRINKING GAMES PARTICIPATION Denise C. Kim WHEN HELP DOES HARM: THE EFFECTS OF Smith College ROLE MODEL INTERVENTIONS ON STEREOTYPE THREAT Mariam Hambarchyan University of California, Los Angeles

12:15-1:15 Lunch Math Courtyard

THE ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN EATING BEHAVIOR AND WEIGHT GAIN Philip Zimbardo Sonoma State University, Stanford University, & University of California, Berkeley.

1:30-2:30 Keynote Address 420-040

Clinical 380-380 W

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL 2:45-4:15 Paper Session II 380-380C,W,X,Y ENVIRONMENT AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS Kelsi Umekubo & Arielle Ered University of California, Los Angeles NOTE: PRESENTING AUTHORS LISTED ONLY

! 12 ! ! ! ! EXAMINING COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS: EVIDENCE OF A NOTE: PRESENTING AUTHORS LISTED ONLY COGNITIVE SCAR? Michelle Yih-Jia Yang Math Courtyard University of California, Los Angeles THE EFFECT OF GROUPING AND EMERGENT A STUDY ON THE CAREGIVING DAUGHTERS OF FEATURES ON RECALL FOR VISUAL PATTERNS BREAST CANCER PATIENTS Tracey Isidro Kalpana Raman Rice University University of Dehli ! COMPUTER-BASED NOTE-TAKING VERSUS PAPER-BASED NOTE-TAKING AND ITS EFFECTS Cognitive a 380-380 Y ON PERFORMANCE Nikita Martini THE EFFECT OF AUDIO PRIMIN AND AUDIO- Sierra Nevada University VISUAL PRIMING ON SHADOWING THROUGH DICHOTIC LISTENING SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE TURING TEST Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD Rebecca Asbury Miriam College, Philippines Saint Louis University

ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF SPEECH SOUNDS II: VARIANCE AND INVARIANCE ACROSS PATTERNS OF INTIMACY AND DISTANCING IN SPEAKERS YOUNG WOMEN’S (AND MEN’S) Matthew Moore CONVERSATIONS ABOUT ROMANTIC San Francisco State University RELATIONSHIPS Jerika C. Norona MENTAL ATTENTION: IMPROVING IMAGERY BY University of California, Santa Cruz ADDING FOCUS Douglas L. Mortenson University of Colorado, Boulder MANIC MODERATORS: PROSOCIAL PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COGNITIVE DISPOSITIONS BUFFER AGAINST DECLINES IN SATISCFACTION IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS Cognitive b 420-041 WITH MANIC PARTNERS Marc J. Weintraub KNOW JUDGMENTS IN FREE RECALL University of California, Berkeley SUGGESTS A REDEFINING OF FAMILIARITY Travis M. Carlisle Northwestern University, Carnegie Mellon University RISK-TAKING IN ADOLESCENTS WITH AND WITHOUT INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Nancy J. Smith INFLUENCE OF ANONYMOUS PEERS ON RISK- University of California, Los Angeles TAKING BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS Alexander S. Weigard Temple University DOES CROSS-CATEGORY INTERFERENCE INFLUENCE RETRIEVAL-INDUCED THE DECLINE OF READING COMPREHENSION FORGETTING? AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS Laura B. Bartak Mary Galloway University of California, Los Angeles Northeast Texas Community College MATERNAL CONTROLLING BEHAVIOR AND CHILD BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS: IS THE RELATIONSHIP DIFFERENT FOR CHILDREN 4:15-5:15 Poster Session II Courtyards WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS? Barbara J. Caplan University of California, Los Angeles

! 13 ! ! ! !

MANAGING MULTIPLE IDENTITIES: A DEEPER THE STRUCTURE OF MOOD OF INDIVIDUALS LOOK INTO RETRIEVAL PROCESSES AND WITH ALEXITHYMIA IDENTITY SALIENCE Christine Hart Jessica J. Tomory University of Florida San Francisco State University

LONG DISTANCE RELATIONSHIPS: EFFECTS ON SELF-ORIENTATION, PHYSICAL OLFACTORY FEELINGS OF CLOSENESS, SECURITY, AND CUES AND GENDER ON PERSPECTIVE-TAKING SEPARATION EFFECTS AND EMPATHIC CONCERN FOR A FICTIONAL Jennifer Zisa CHARACTER University of San Francisco Colton B. Christian Southern Oregon University

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COGNITIVE ON THE COUCH: PERSOB PERCEPTION AND RESPONSES, AFFECT, AND DEPRESSIVE MEDIA INFLUENCES ON SELF-STIGMA OF SYMPTOMS SEEKING HELP Cristina M. Cojocaru Katelyn A. McDonald University of California Berkeley Iowa State University

PREVENTING DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN AFRICAN AMERICANS IN LOS “WE HAVE DIFFERENT CONNECTIONS”: CROSS- ANGELES COUNTY: AN EXAMINATION OF CULTURAL NETWORK STRUCTURE BETWEEN METABOLIC RISK FACTORS CHINESE AND AMERICAN PARTICIPANTS Basak Julia Kanlilar Yufang "Sabrina" Sun University of California, Los Angeles Indiana University Bloomington

ADHD SYMPTONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPACT OF EXERCISE PARTNER REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS: INSIGHT INTO A ATRACTIVENESS ON MOOD, ENJOYMENT, AND SHARED INHIBITORY CONTROL DEFICIT EXERTION Shahrzad Goudarzi Thomas Plante University of California, Los Angeles Santa Clara University

TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE/ABUSE IN THE EFFECT OF WORKLOAD ON ACADEMIC AFRICAN AMERICANS IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY PERFORMANCE 2000-2007: IMPLICATIONS FOR REDUCING Frederick B. Raehl HEALTH DISPARITIES Arizona State University Derrick Lock University of California, Los Angeles UNINTENTIONAL PREJUDICE IN WHITE JURORS: THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY AND RACE-SALIENCE ASSOCIATION OF ADHD AND ANXIETY WITH IN ATTRIBUTION OF GUILT STRESS REACTIVITY Tamunodiepriye Mercy Higgwe Eric Chang Dominican University of California University of California, Los Angeles ACHIEVING RETENTION: INVESTIGATING THE STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIENCE OF MINORITY STUDENTS AT STEREOTYPING ON SPONTANEOUS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND UC BERKELEY DISCRIMINATORY BEHAVIOR Sara L. Martinez Selma Sehovic University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley

! 14 ! ! ! ! A MULTIDIMENSIONAL LOOK AT THE ROLE OF TIMING ON APOLOGY EFFICACY COLOR-GRAPHEME ASSOCIATIONS IN NON- Karen S. Chang SYNESTHETES: EVIDENCE OF EMOTIONAL University of California, San Diego MEDIATION Christopher Lau University of California, Berkeley

Linguistics Courtyard PASSIVE LISTENING TO MUSIC ENGAGES EXECUTIVE CONTROL Atushi Kikumoto IN AND OUT OF THE GAME: INVESTIGATING THE University of Oregon ROLE OF SEASONAL STATUS IN HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES Camilla Claiborn, Nicole Robitaille, Anna Veltri, EXERCISE AND TEST SCORES Jessica Welk, and Byron Zamboanga Taryn M. Hair Smith College Sierra Nevada College

FACEBOOK AND ITS EFFECT ON RELATIOSHIP SATISFACTION AND JEALOUSY AMONG TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING OF DEFORESTATION COLLEGE STUDENTS AND THE FUTURE Lindsay T.M.M.S. Kido Denise M. Kennedy University of Hawai'i at Manoa California State University, East Bay

NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AS A MEDIATOR OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE TESTS PROTECT NON- MORALITY SALIENCE AND CULTURALLY TESTED INFORMATION FROM RETRIEVAL- CHARACTERISTIC CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR INDUCED FORGETTING Karen C. L. Pooh Rachel Older Nanyang Technological University University of California, Los Angeles

IDENTITY AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN LATINO CASUAL EXPLANATIONS: THE ROLES OF STUDENTS MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES AND DISCOUNTING Stacy Morris Jennifer Milazzo Santa Clara University University of San Francisco

SURVEYING RECRUITING: DETERMINING CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION THRESHOLD IN EFFECTIVE METHODS VIDEO GAME PLAYERS Josh Bishop James A. Williams Brigham Young University University of Oregon

INTERPERSONAL REACTIVITY MODERATES EVALUATING EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES USED REACTIONS TO RACIALLY AND EMOTIONALLY TO TEACH SPELLING DIFFERENTIAL FACIAL STIMULI Cristina Zepeda Jeffrey D. Whitaker University of California, San Diego Southern Oregon University YOUNG TODDLERS USE MORAL EVALUATIONS TO GUIDE THEIR HELPING BEHAVIOR LEARNING MECHANISMS FOR ACQUIRING Rachel K. Schuck KNOWLEDGE OF TONALITY IN MUSIC University of California, Berkeley Rikka Quam Sierra Nevada College

! 15 ! ! ! ! THE NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF EMOTIONAL MAINTENANCE: AN fMRI STUDY Maria Lemus University of Oregon

A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS OF THE HAZARDOUS DRINKING GAMES MEASURE (HDGM): A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASURE OF DRINKING GAME BEHAVIORS Zoe A. Zadworny Sierra Nevada College

EFFECTS OF TEACHING METHODS ON LEARNING Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD California State University, East Bay

OPPOSING ROLES OF SEROTONIN 2A AND 2C RECEPTORS ON SPONTANEOUS AND COCAINE- INDUCED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY Anthony Berger Arizona State University

KETAMINE RECOVERY TIME PREDICTS ALCOHOL INTAKE IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUND RHESUS MACAQUES (MACACA MULLATTA) Bobbi S. Padro Brigham Young University & University of California, Davis

EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC NICOTINE ON GABA NEURONS IN MIDBRAIN VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA Poromendro Burman University of Utah

THE WHOLE NUMBER BIAS IN FRACTION MAGNITUDE COMPARISONS WITH ADULTS Melissa DeWolf, Carnegie Mellon University

5:30-6:30 Closing/Social 420-050 & Courtyard

! 16 ! ! ! !

Paper Session I Abstracts significant difference between males’ and females’ attribution and also that the manipulation of race in the scenario will cause a significant difference in Note: All authors listed, with attribution. The data set is comprised of corresponding author email undergraduate students at Georgia State University. The researcher analyzes the data set for significant Social a 420-040 differences using SPSS statistical analysis. The results of the study indicate that the only statistically significant bias in the study is shown in the THE INFLUENCE OF INGROUP VERSUS “believability” section of the survey, with both genders OUTGROUP STATUS AND POWER OF THE believing the Black perpetrator over the White victim PERCEIVER ON THE OWN RACE BIAS at a significantly higher rate when compared to the Devora Beck-Pancer other pairings. Overall, the findings of the study University of California, Los Angeles indicate considerable departures from literature trends: race and gender, in general, did not predict The own race bias (ORB), the tendency to recognize attribution for this population of African-American members of one’s own race better than members of students. The race of the participants, contemporary another race, yields many social consequences, (i.e. societal expectations or the connotative effects of the cross-race eyewitness misidentification in criminal attribution questions can explain the gender and race proceedings). We explored the experience of power egalitarianism in the results. of the perceiver on ORB. Asian, Black, and White [email protected] participants were primed to experience a particular level of power (high-HP, low-LP, control), and viewed photos of Asian, Black, and White faces on an eye POWER AND HELPFULNESS: A GENDER tracker. White participants in the HP condition and INTERACTION Black participants in the LP condition are predicted to Cayce Cheairs Elizabeth Holleman commit ORB equivalently to the participants in the Seattle University control condition from their respective race groups. Conversely, when social group power and individual Implicit social cognition research has shown that power in the experiment are incongruent, White power promotes action-taking, but reduces participants (in the LP condition) and Black perspective-taking, a cognitive function associated participants (in the HP condition) are predicted to with prosocial behavior. This experiment investigated commit ORB to a lesser degree. If ORB is committed the effect of power primes on helpfulness. The due to social power, Asian participants would be researchers hypothesized that participants primed expected to perform similarly to White participants. with high power would be less helpful, on average, However, if ORB is committed due to than those primed with low power. Fifty nine college ingroup/outgroup status, Asian individuals will commit students were randomly assigned to either the high ORB similarly to Black participants. The clarification or low power condition and were asked by one of the of whether ORB is due to social power or two researchers to write about a personal experience ingroup/outgroup status would make a huge impact related to power. The study gave participants two on inter-race interaction research. opportunities to help: picking up pencils spilled by the [email protected] other researcher and donating earnings from the study to charity. The results showed no significant main effect for power or gender on either measure of RAPE ATTRIBUTIONS FOR AFRICAN-AMERICAN helpfulness. There was, however, a significant UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS interaction between power prime and gender on Imani Mandela helping with the pencils. There was an additional Georgia State University interaction in the analysis when including which researcher dropped the pencils. Results are The attribution of believability, responsibility and discussed in terms of action and perspective-taking, sentencing will be measured in a vignette based off as well as gender. These findings illustrate the the 1992 Mike Tyson rape trial by presenting four necessity of examining gender when looking at how possible pairings: 1) White victim/White perpetrator 2) power affects behavior because power can elicit White victim/Black perpetrator 3) Black victim/White different mental states and emotions in men and perpetrator 4) Black victim/Black perpetrator. The women. researcher’s hypothesis is that there will be a [email protected]

! 17 ! ! ! ! 2004). Unfortunately, intercultural relationships face many detriments such as higher divorce rates along with lower relationship quality and satisfaction (Bratter & King, 2008; Gaines & Liu, 2000; Wang, Social b 380-380C Kao, & Joyner, 2006). The present study explores the underlying factors that govern the emotional EVALUATIONG THE PERCEPTIONS AND experience of intercultural romantic partners in the EFFECTS OF PATHOGEN RISKS IN RELATION TO presence of cultural conflict. More specifically, we CULTURE AND HEALTH examine the effects of individual differences in Cindy Teng attachment during such conflict interactions. We also Northwestern University explore the interplay of these individual differences in attachment with perceived cultural compatibility and People are highly sensitive to bodily cues (i.e. perceived partner openness. The results demonstrate rashes, lesions, discoloration) that indicate the that, individuals who are more insecurely attached presence of pathogens. Differential reactions to show lower perceptions of cultural compatibility and perceived pathogen risks could affect one’s health subsequently experience more negative emotional and development of certain cultural attitudes. reactions in the presence of intercultural conflict, Literature indicates that geographical regions with along with lower relationship satisfaction. higher pathogen prevalence are associated with Interestingly, the results also demonstrate the populations that display higher levels of collectivism, buffering effect of perceived partner openness in a cultural attribute. However, underlying moderating the negative association between mechanisms, such as whether cultural perceptions of insecure attachment and relationship satisfaction. self could be affected by perceived pathogen These findings on attachment, perceptions of cultural exposure, have not been studied extensively. The compatibility, and perceptions of partner openness current study determined if simulated pathogen risks will be discussed in terms of the broader implications elicit cultural attitudes associated with collectivism. for the quality, satisfaction and stability of intercultural Participants were randomly assigned to receive either relationships. health- or pathogen-salient pictorial and essay [email protected] primes. Participants then completed surveys measuring perceptions associated with collectivism AN FMRI INVESTIGATION OF THE LINK and levels of anxiety. Compared to participants BETWEEN SOCIAL WARMTH AND PHYSICAL primed with health concepts, participants primed with WARMTH pathogen risks more frequently identified themselves Amber Ocampo with relationship-dependent roles, which is University of California, Los Angeles associated with more collectivistic attitudes. To incorporate this finding in the context of cultural and Physical temperature has been proven to affect social influences, this study also examined cross- human social behavior and perception, however not cultural patterns of health-related behavior among much is known about the mechanisms underlying this three cohorts (Asians living in Taiwan, Asians living in phenomenon. A recent study has shown that altruistic the U.S., and Caucasians living in the U.S.). The behavior can be increased by brief exposure to warm findings from this research could contribute to our physical stimuli and decreased by exposure to cold understanding of behavioral health and cultural stimuli without subject awareness of the influence development. (Williams and Bargh, 2008). In another study, it was [email protected] found that priming with a warm pack as opposed to a cold pack was associated with increased interpersonal trust in an economic trust game (Kang et al., 2010). Based on these findings, we INTERCULTURAL ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS: hypothesized that there may be a neural link between THE ROLE OF ATTACHMENT, PERCEIVED the processing of interpersonal warmth and physical CULTURAL COMPATIBILITY, AND PERCEIVED warmth. In this study, undergraduates were recruited PARTNER OPENESS to participate in an experimental session in which Achala Rodrigo they underwent an fMRI scan. During the scan, they University of Toronto, Scarborough were presented with emotionally warm, touching Census data has shown that the number of statements and neutral facts from close friends and intercultural relationships has been on the rise family as well as physically warm and cold stimuli (Statistics Canada, 2010; U.S. Census Bureau, (hot/cold packs). Our results thus far indicate some

! 18 ! ! ! ! level of overlap between the neural regions activated theory to quantify information processing in a simple, by emotional warmth and physical warmth. These predictable way, i.e., performance decline as a findings may provide a new insight into the influence function of bits of processing. These data could of this feature of the physical environment on eventually be turned into a regressive model which interpersonal behavior. matches performance loss to specific levels of [email protected] cognitive demand. The goal of this experiment was to determine the degree to which performance on a tracking task was compromised when participants engaged in varying degrees of information processing. First analyses of the results indicate a Cognitive a 380-380W significant and predictable impact of increased information processing demand on tracking ENHANCING THE COMPREHENSION OF performance as demonstrated by an increase in SCIENCE TEXT THROUGH VISUAL ANALOGIES distance to the tracking target, increased response Maria Ptouchkina formulation, and a decrease in answer accuracy. Northwestern University [email protected]

IMPLICIT BELIEF THEORIES AND PHYSICAL Instructional analogies are commonly used in science ACTIVITY: INCREMENTAL AND ENTITY BELIEFS’ and mathematics text, yet students may have EFFECT ON ATHELETES difficulty understanding analogies in the absence of Allison M. Prather adequate instructional support. In spatially rich Seattle University domains like geoscience, visual depictions of both the base and target concepts of text analogies (i.e. I hypothesized that beliefs would implicitly impact visual analogies) may provide crucial support for Division I athletes’ sports performance. students. To test whether visual analogies would be 54 Seattle University Division 1 athletes were beneficial for learning, 72 fourth- and fifth-grade randomly assigned to a belief condition. Beliefs students were provided a short analogy-enhanced were operationalized as incremental (malleable), instructional text on plate tectonics that included believing that one can change, and entity (fixed), either pictures of both the base and target concepts believing that traits or performance is immutable, (Visual Analogy condition) or the pictures of the or a no belief condition (control). After the target concept only (Target Picture condition). participants read the assigned prime, physical Results indicated that children in the Visual Analogy performance was measured through a series of condition outperformed children in the Target Picture three cup stacking timed trials. Participants, at condition on both near and far transfer measures. the end of their third trials, were given the option These results are consistent with recent research to attempt a fourth trial. Participants primed with suggesting that factors that promote comparison – incremental beliefs about performance showed such as side-by-side presentation of examples – greater persistence and effort by attempting to facilitate learning from text. take a fourth trial more than participants with [email protected] entity beliefs. However, there was found to be no

clear difference in improvement or average time A BIT OF DECLINE: AN INFORMATION between the incrementally primed and entity PROCESSING APPROACH TO COMPLEXITY AND primed participants. These findings have PERFORMANCE LOSS implications for how mindsets, specifically David Gerritsen incremental mindsets, can impact an athlete’s University of Utah physical performance and improvement potential in various arenas. Cell phone use while driving has been shown to [email protected] significantly impair driving performance. A limitation of current work on driver distraction, however, is that none of the research has been able to clearly Cognitive b 380-380Y measure the cognitive demand of the conversation in which a driver engages. Precise measurement of different levels of cognitive demand will improve our MULTIPLE-TALKER SPEECH PROCESSING: understanding of its impact on driving performance. COGNITIVE COSTS IN AUDIO-ONLY AND AUDIO- Here we describe a study that uses information VISUAL CONTEXTS Chi-Hyun Kim

! 19 ! ! ! ! University of Chicago A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND NON-SOCIAL IMPLICIT CUES ON Talker differences give rise to variability in the DECISION MAKING relationship between acoustic patterns and Marissa Sharif phonetic categories. Despite this complexity, University of California Los Angeles listeners are adept at comprehending speech in multiple-talker contexts, albeit at a cognitive cost. Implicit cues from the environment are below our So far, this cost has been demonstrated only in threshold of conscious perception and constantly audio-only speech. Other work in single-talker influence our daily decisions. Very little research has contexts have shown, however, that when examined the influence of implicit cues on decision- listeners are able to see the talker’s speaking making. We administered an experimental task in face, speech recognition is improved under children, adolescents, and adults to determine the adverse listening conditions. Does seeing a effects of implicit social and non-social cues on talker's face reduce the cost of recognition in choice behavior. Non-social cues consisted of the multiple-talker contexts? We used a speeded words “GO” and “NO” were masked with “neutral” word-monitoring task in which listeners make words. Social cues, consisting of “happy” and “angry” quick judgments about target-word identity in faces, were masked with “neutral” faces in another single- and multiple-talker contexts. Results show task. Preliminary analyses indicate that adults’ better recognition performance in single- talker choices are significantly influenced by social cues, conditions compared to multiple-talker conditions such that “angry” faces have a greater influence on for both audio-only and audio-visual speech. behavior by eliciting more inhibitory behavior than Resolving talker variability does not seem to be expected by chance. “Happy” faces elicit expected made easier by face information. In light of this behavior. We hypothesize that adolescents and finding, we discuss the critical roles played by children may be more susceptible to social cues than listener expectations and by information from the adults. Collectively, these data will reveal further auditory stream. insight into why adolescents show sub-optimal [email protected] decision-making.

THE TENDENCY TO DISCOUNT: WE PREFER [email protected] ONE CAUSE OVER TWO Melissa Latham Clinical I 420-041 University of San Francisco EFFECTS OF SHIFTWORK ON People must often consider multiple conflicting PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, messages in order to make a decision. The current ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, study presented participants with two different AND RISKY BEHAVIOR AMONG CALL explanations for a given statistic (e.g., recent CENTER AGENTS decrease in cancer prevalence) and after each Jerry J. Jurisprudência, PhD. explanation, asked how strongly they believed that Miriam College, Phillipines they would take an action that was related to the given statistic. One explanation was directly relevant The study investigates the significant difference to the action (direct cause) and the other explanation between morning and night shift in terms of the was not directly relevant to the action (incidental psychological well-being, organizational citizenship cause). Based on discounting effects (e.g., Morris & behavior and risky behavior among call center Larrick, 1995), we hypothesized that the participants agents. A Causal-comparative method was would be more likely to take the action when employed. Participants were selected from different presented with the direct cause second, indicating call center companies within Metro Manila. that they were discounting the relevance of the first Experiences of the participants were examined (incidental) cause. Of ten items presented to through their interview responses to better participants, this discounting effect achieved understand the meaning of events, situations and significance for five, and showed a strong trend for actions among call center agents as a consequence two others. These results suggest that, in most of their shiftwork. Results show that a significant cases, people do not incorporate multiple causes but, difference exists in all three variables – psychological rather, perseverate on one. well-being, organizational behavior and risky [email protected] behavior. The results reveal that risky behaviors are more pervasive among call center agents working in

! 20 ! ! ! ! the night shift compared to those working in the and Old daughters within the age range of 35-55 morning shift while psychological well-being and years (Group II) on all important socio- economic organizational citizenship behavior are more common variables. The sample was further stratified according in the morning shift compared to those working in the the marital status of daughters (Married/ Unmarried) night shift. Responses from the interviews validated and hence it was equivalently divided into 8 pairs of the results of the study. Implications for the Human daughter-mother in the four groups. The Resource on developing policies and programs are questionnaires administered to study the objectives offered. of the present study: Adult Attachment scale for [email protected] Daughters, IPAT and Impact of Event scale for both mother and daughter. Quantitative as well as qualitative analysis was done. The findings revealed VERBAL MEMORY: A PREDICTOR OF that overall there were significant correlations SCHIZOTYPAL TRAITS IN CHILDREN WITH between mothers’ dimensions of anxiety and impact 22Q11.2 DELETION SYNDROM (22QDS)? of event with daughters’ dimensions of attachment, Jessica Hopkins anxiety, their component scores and impact of event. University of California Los Angeles There were a number of inter correlations observed between daughters of various groups on all 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) is a genetic dimensions. However, there were no significant subtype of schizophrenia: one third of 22qDS difference found between the groups of mothers and individuals develop the disorder. We examined daughters except a few in the components of anxiety whether the characteristic discrepancy in cognitive and avoidance. The young daughters were found to function of 22qDS (higher Verbal relative to be high on avoidance than the old daughters. In Performance IQ) is related to schizotypal traits. terms of marital status married daughters were found Because higher verbal memory may constitute a to be more anxious and experience intrusive thoughts protective factor for developing psychosis in 22qDS, than the unmarried daughters. There was no we hypothesized that greater verbal memory significant difference found according to age on the impairment would be linked to more schizotypal traits. dimension of anxiety. Visual and verbal memory were assessed with the Children’s Memory Scale Dot Locations Task and the KEYWORDS: Caregiving daughters, Breast cancer California Verbal Learning Test. We examined the patients, Attachment, Anxiety, Impact of event. ability of these measures to predict schizotypal traits, [email protected] as measured by the Junior Schizotypy Scale. Preliminary results indicate a high prevalence of Social/Personality 380-380X schizotypal traits in 22qDS youth, variation in which will be examined in relation to verbal and visual HOW TO FIT ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES INTO memory performance. Understanding the extent to OUR PERSONAL VALUES: BURNOUT AND which verbal memory predicts schizotypal symptoms SELF-MONITORING in 22qDS may help us identify possible risk factors for Rachel Gevertz psychosis, which may lead to earlier detection and University of California, Berkeley intervention. [email protected] This two-part review focuses on how the individual functions in the work environment. Specifically, it explores how conflicts between personal values and A STUDY ON CAREGIVING DAUGHTERS OF organizational values differentially affect high self- BREAST CANCER PATIENTS monitors and low self-monitors on burnout Kalpana Raman dimensions. The first section defines and explores University of Delhi the current literature on burnout and self-monitoring. The second section analyzes aspects of burnout and The present study was an attempt to examine the self-monitoring in conjunction with one another. effect of mother’s breast cancer diagnosis on the Emphasis is placed on the “value domain of work caregiving daughters. The total sample was 64 which life”, which states that values serve as the motivating consisted of 32 pairs of mothers who were factor between the individual and the workplace undergoing Breast cancer treatment and their (Maslach & Leiter, 2005). This domain has been daughters. An attempt was made, as far as possible, used in previous research to interpret the impacts of to match respondents in two groups: Young burnout on the individual. Moreover, the expression Daughters within the age range of 15-35 (Group I) of and adherence to personal values has been

! 21 ! ! ! ! examined in past literature to better understand ACL, scales for the Big Five traits were different self-monitoring styles. The payoffs and constructed in the SDCL. costs of being a high or low self-monitor are explored Three artist groups were studied: Visual Arts, in this review, and how these tradeoffs can lead to or Performing Arts, and Creative Writing. A series be preventative against burnout in distinct ways. To of 3 (artist group) x 2 (gender) ANOVAs were conclude, we show why future burnout research performed, each time with one of the Big Five should take an individual’s self-monitoring style into personality traits serving as the dependent account. variable. Bonferroni type adjustments were made [email protected] by setting the alpha criterion to the level of .01. The results of follow-up Tukey comparisons WOMEN = MOM BUT MEN ! DAD: STEREOTYPE indicated that the Performing Arts group scored OVERLAP BETWEEN MOMS, DADS, WOMEN AND significantly higher on Extraversion than the rest MEN of the sample, while the Creative Writing group Bess Reynolds scored significantly lower than the rest of the University of Colorado, Boulder sample on Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability. Additionally, females The purpose of this experiment was to explore the scored significantly higher on Agreeableness idea that the role of mom is more tightly tied to the compared to males. Implications of this research social category woman than the role of dad is to the for adolescent development, arts education, and social category man by examining overlap in the counseling are discussed. stereotypes associated with those four groups. The [email protected] hypothesis was that the stereotypes for women and moms would be more closely related than the Neuroscience/Developmental 380-380D stereotypes of men and dads. To do this, a set of traits was derived from participants and then EXPLORING ADOLESCENT CYBER judgments in trait overlap were analyzed. The results DEPENDENCY CONCEPTUALIZATION AND indicated that there was substantial and clear MEASUREMENT evidence for the negative traits such that moms and Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD. women were seen as more similar than dads and Miriam College, Philippines men and this did not depend on subject gender; however when all traits were considered together, or The purpose of this study is to conceptualize cyber when looking just at the positive traits, while the dependency and construct a scale that would predicted effect was present for female subjects, it measure the impact of Internet misuse. The items was not for male subjects. This suggests that in were based on the study of Young (1996). From that society, what comes to mind for most people when study, EFA was used to identify data driven Filipino they think of women as a group is very similar to what based factors, 7 factors were hypothesized and 103 comes to mind when they think of moms, but that is items were developed and were reviewed by an not necessarily the case for men and dads. expert. From 103, the items were reduced into 98 [email protected] and were administered to 120 college students. The results showed that Cronbach’s alpha is .94. The BIG 5 TRAITS OF ADOLESCENT INVOLVED IN factor loadings retained 53 items that were VISUAL ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, AND summated in five factors. The new factors are lack of CREATIVE WRITING time management, detachment from primary social Stacy Shaw groups, escapism, neglecting personal tasks and California State University, East Bay preoccupation. CFA results showed that the scale is highly reliable and the structure is a good fit, RMSEA The purpose of this study was to determine if = 0.079 - 0.087. Implications towards possible artistically talented adolescents had personality intervention are also identified. traits characteristic of their artistic fields. The Self Descriptive Check List (SDCL), a modified version of Gough’s Adjective Check List (ACL), SWEET TASTE AFFINITY IN SELECTIVELY BRED was administered to 1,584 adolescents who RATS: STEVIA VS. SUGAR attended a selective summer arts camp. Guided Kiana Dobson by John’s (1990) study of the prototypical Occidental College descriptions of the Big Five traits based on the

! 22 ! ! ! ! Mammals’ affinity for sweet tastes promotes intake of groups could be a factor contributing to the well-being energy-rich carbohydrates. However, not all of the elders. sweeteners are equally preferred by all species or [email protected] individuals. Comparative study of sweeteners increases understanding of the functions and mechanisms of sweet taste. The present work involves the plant extract stevia, a relatively new sweetener. Rats selectively bred for high (HiS) Paper Session II Abstracts versus low (LoS) saccharin intake were used. HiS rats prefer most but not all sweeteners to water more strongly than do LoS rats; for instance, neither line strongly prefers Nutrisweet© and most LoS and many Note: All authors listed, with HiS rats reject sucralose, the sweetener in Splenda©. corresponding author email Preference for stevia over water (Study 1) or sucrose (Study 2) was examined in 24-hour 2-bottle tests. Data were analyzed with mixed-design ANOVA. In Study 1, stevia solution (0.025, 0.5, 0.1 g/L) and Social II 420-040 water were presented. HiS rats preferred stevia at the two highest concentrations and LoS rats preferred it THE EFFECT OF GENDER VIOLATIONS ON at the highest concentration. In Study 2, stevia was PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AMONG MEXICAN presented with sucrose (0-10 g/L). Relative to LoS AMERICANS rats, HiS rats preferred stevia to water more strongly Jesus Obeso Quintero but preferred sucrose to stevia more strongly. San Diego State University Imperial Valley Implications for the mechanisms of individual differences in sweet taste and their relationship to Mexican Americans are thought to value traditional affective processes will be discussed. gender roles more strongly than non-Mexican [email protected] Americans, thus, their responses to those who violate gender role expectations may be quite negative. This DEATH ANXIETY, LOCUS OF CONTROL, AND study will examine the responses of Mexican GENDER AS PREDICTORS OF SUBJECTIVE American women (n=104) and men (n=56) exposed WELL-BEING AMONG LATE ADULTS to female and male targets that violate gender role Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD. expectations. Participants were Mexican American Miriam College, Philippines students at a four-year university in Southern California. Each received a questionnaire with one of This study aimed to determine whether death anxiety, four vignettes; two vignettes in which a man or locus of control in terms of internality, exaggerated woman chose clothes consistent with their gender, belief in personal control and God-mediated control, and two vignettes in which they chose clothes that and gender predict subjective well-being of Filipino were inconsistent with their gender. Vignettes were elders with ages ranging from 60 to 87. The followed by a question which asked how much researchers conducted a correlational study on 106 participants would agree to help the target choose male and female Filipino elders using the Templer clothes. A measure of acculturation was also Death Anxiety Scale, Belief in Personal Control included. Significant main effects of vignette type Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Subjective and gender of the participant on willingness to help Happiness Scale. The participants scored average in the target choose clothes were found, but these were their death anxiety (M=7.51 SD=3.00). Results qualified by an interaction effect between these two revealed a lower score for their internality (M=57.73, variables. Male participants were more likely to help SD=10.58), higher in their belief in personal control female targets than male targets, regardless of (M=60.33, SD=11.32), and lower in their God- gender violation. Female participants were more mediated control (M=14.19, SD=6.36) which implies likely to help targets who did not violate gender role that they have more belief in God. Furthermore, the expectations, regardless of gender of the target. respondents scored above average in their subjective [email protected] well-being (M=45.72, SD=7.52). However, the variables used in this study were found to be non- ASSOCIATIONS OF CHILDHOOD AND significant predictors of subjective well-being. Their ADOLESCENT ACTIVITIES WITH COLLEGE-AGED active participation in various community and church ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES Aaron M. Hussmann

! 23 ! ! ! ! California Polytechnic State University, San Luis under the recategorization paradigm, given its Obispo emphasis on minimizing group differences, while in the mutual differentiation paradigm, given its The imposing threat of environmental degradation to emphasis on group differences, Palestinian present and future societies necessitates participants would be empowered and participate investigation of the antecedents of pro-environmental more. Power was indicated by high mean word-to- attitudes. Recognizing the impact of the current turn ratios and differences in means were compared. college population on future policy, the present study The hypotheses were not supported and U.S. surveyed a representative sample of college students participants were found to have significantly higher to evaluate associations between a) their primary mean word-to-turn ratios. The researchers discuss childhood and adolescent residence, b) the activities issues of participation as a measure of power in they valued and/or participated in during childhood intergroup dialogue. and adolescence and c) their current college-aged [email protected] environmental attitudes. Participants were given a sixteen-item questionnaire that included the use of the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) to measure TO CATCH A LIAR: THE EFFECTS OF VIDEO environmental attitudes. Data showed significantly TRANING ON LAYPERSONS ABILITY TO DETECT higher environmental attitudes for students in the DECEIT College of Liberal Arts. Most importantly, using the Simon Poulton Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, data University of California, Los Angeles showed significant associations between an increase in pro-environment activities between childhood and The human ability to detect deceit when talking to an adolescence, and a more positive environmental individual is typically below 60% accuracy (Ekman & attitude among students in the College of Liberal O’Sullivan, 1991). Eckman went on to provide Arts. This association was trending toward significant quantitative evidence suggesting individuals who are among the sample as a whole. These results imply more experienced with lie detection (secret service) that an increased participation in pro-environmental will generally provide more accurate answers than activities in adolescence is associated with increased other inexperienced individuals (college students). In environmental attitudes in college. These results this study, undergraduates were randomly assigned may be used to enact future interventions and to be exposed to either a lie detection training video policies regarding environmental education during (experimental condition) or an origami training video adolescence, as this appears to be a crucial age in (control condition). They were then asked to developing one’s worldview. determine truthful answers from deceitful ones when [email protected] they viewed videos of individuals discussing a controversial topic of the day. We hypothesized that, THE EFFECTS OF FACILITATION PARADIGM ON compared to the participants in the control condition, POWER DYNAMICS WITHIN INTERGROUP participants who viewed the lie detection training DIALOGUE AMONG JEWISH ISRAELI, video would experience both an increase in their PALESTINIAN, AND U.S. ADOLESCENTS detection abilities and a higher overall perceived Eric Windell, Andrew Pilecki, & Phillip L. Hammack confidence. University of California, Santa Cruz [email protected]

Various models have been utilized to facilitate WHEN HELP DOES HARM: THE EFFECTS OF intergroup contact between Israelis and Palestinians ROLE MODEL INTERVENTIONS ON STEREOTYPE (Halabi & Sonnenschein, 2000/2004), however power THREAT dynamics between these two groups has yet to be Mariam Hambarchyan, Amy Williams, M.A. & explored across different facilitation paradigms. This Jenessa Shapiro, Ph.D. study examines recorded dialogue sessions from a University of California, Los Angeles U.S.-based coexistence program that implemented two facilitation paradigms: one based on the Having positive role models helps performance in recategorization theory (Brewer, 1996), in which many domains, including school, work, decision- participants are oriented towards a collective identity making, and the like. Recently, research has and one based on the mutual-differentiation theory demonstrated that role models also serve to reduce (Hewstone & Brown, 1986), in which differences the negative influence of the stereotype threat among participants’ nationalities are emphasized. We phenomenon. Stereotype threat is the disruptive hypothesized that equal participation would occur concern or fear of confirming a negative stereotype

! 24 ! ! ! ! about one’s group, which ultimately reduces interest Clinical II 380-380C and undermines performance in stereotyped domains. Although previous research reveals that THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL counter-stereotypic ingroup role models buffer ENVIRONMENT AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY against such detrimental effects, recent advances IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS suggest that this may not be true for all types of Kelsi Umekubo & Arielle Ered threats. The present study manipulated the presence University of California, Los Angeles or absence of these successful ingroup role models and the type of stereotype threat—concerns about Investigations of schizophrenia strongly support the representing the group (group-as-target) or the self notion that stress contributes to the expression and (self-as-target). The results were consistent with course of the disorder. Although research has hypotheses: a two-way interaction emerged between examined the relationship between early adversity role model presence and threat type (p < .05). and current functioning of physiological response Specifically, positive ingroup role models significantly systems associated with stress, limited research has reduced the group-as-target stereotype threat (p < investigated its relationship with the balance between .001). However, these successful role models did not the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous reduce the self-as-target stereotype threat (p = .56). system functioning. This study examines, in These findings call for the development of tailored schizophrenia patients, the association between interventions that effectively respond to different early-life stress and heart rate variability (HRV), types of stereotype threats. which reflects physiological and psychological [email protected] adaptability to environmental demands. Analyses in a sample of 38 first-episode schizophrenia patients and THE ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN EATING 22 demographically-matched controls found a BEHAVIOR AND WEIGHT GAIN correlation between early-life parental loss and HRV Philip Zimbardo, James P. Smith, Jennifer M. Trent, (r=.377, p=.034), and early-life physical abuse and & Mary A. Fowler HRV (r=.525, p=.007), whereas no correlation was Sonoma State University, Stanford University, & found in 22 healthy controls (r=-.189, p=.401). University of California, Berkeley. Measures of current psychosocial influences, including the coping styles acceptance (r=.472, AIM: To investigate the role of physical activity and p=.007) and behavioral disengagement (r=.619, eating behaviour in weight control 1.5 y after a p=.000), were found to be significantly correlated with weight-reduction programme in severely obese HRV in the schizophrenia patient group only. [email protected] children.

EXAMINING COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY TO METHODS: Forty-seven children (13.4 +/- 2.1 y) DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS: EVIDENCE OF A were measured 1.5 y after the completion of a 10-mo COGNITIVE SCAR? residential treatment programme. Stature and body Michelle Yih-Jia Yang mass were measured; physical activity, fat and fibre University of California, Los Angeles intake, and self-efficacy in relation to physical activity According to the cognitive theories of depression, the and healthy eating behaviour were assessed using ways people typically construe events in their lives validated structured interviews. The total sample was influence their vulnerability to depression. But do divided into four subgroups according to unhealthy these cognitive styles precede, accompany, or follow versus healthy physical activity and eating behaviour an episode of depression? Lewinsohn and at follow-up. colleagues (1981) have suggested that these cognitive styles may in fact be a consequence, or CONCLUSION: Results suggest that both physical “scar,” of previous depressive episodes. The scar activity and nutritional habits play an important role in hypothesis posits that negative cognitive styles weight maintenance after initial weight loss in obese develop during depressive episodes and persist even children and that one healthy behaviour can not after the episode resolves. This study examines the compensate for another unhealthy behaviour. risk factor of cognitive style and tests the scar [email protected] hypothesis for depressive disorders in adolescence and young adulthood using a longitudinal dataset derived from the Youth Emotion Project. Analyses include data from the baseline and first 5 years of

! 25 ! ! ! ! follow-up of 627 high school juniors. We excluded transferring it to a physical medium. Additionally, an those with baseline depressive disorders and external focus of attention has been shown to compared the cognitive styles of those who did increase accuracy and performance while performing (n=32) and did not develop a depressive disorder a physical task as compared to an internal focus. (n=388) using the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale. There had been no previous research addressing a More negative cognitive styles were related to the focus of attention while mentally rehearsing a task. prospective incidence of an episode of a depressive Therefore, the objective of this study was to see if disorder, F(1,416)=7.95, p<.01. Furthermore, among varying foci of attention during practice of a dart- those with depressive disorders, cognitive style throwing task could enhance mental rehearsal. worsens after a depressive episode, compared to Consistency was significantly depressed for mental controls, in which cognitive style remains relatively internal and control conditions in the first test block. stable over time, F(1,416)=9.31, p<.01. Accuracy and percent improvement was greatest for [email protected] the physical external focus, while the mental external condition showed decreased variability in the post- test. Results resembled previous research on focus of attention and mental rehearsal for this nascent Cognitive II 380-380W hypothesis. Improvement of mental rehearsal can have significant benefits for athletic performance, THE EFFECT OF AUDIO PRIMING AND AUDIO- rehabilitation, and musical practice. VISUAL PRIMING ON SHADOWING THROUGH [email protected] DICHOTIC LISTENING Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD Miriam College, Philippines ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF SPEECH SOUNDS II: VARIANCE AND INVARIANCE ACROSS In interaction, the process of listening is of crucial SPEAKERS importance. To be able to respond appropriately to Matthew Moore, Noriko Tanigawa, John J. Kim, others, people must pay attention to the messages Ramin Rahni, Trevor Jackson, & Mark W. Geisler, they are sending and link their responses to these. San Francisco State University Listening is a fundamental skill and the foundation for other communication skills. The purpose of this Consonant closure duration may be a reliable experiment is to find out which type of priming (no acoustic correlate for native English speakers priming, audio priming or audio-visual priming) can regardless of language exposure background. To be more shadowed through dichotic listening. determine to what extent this hypothesis is true, Utilizing a convenience sampling method, 90 monolingual participants with/without childhood participants went through the different conditions of exposure to non-English languages were recorded this study: condition A (no priming), condition B pronouncing real/pseudo words in which the pseudo (audio priming) and condition C (audio-visual word is a manipulated form of the real word (e.g., priming). Subjects were students from Miriam picnic ! picmic; helmet ! helnet). Spectral analysis College, ages 15 to 24 years old. Results revealed was performed on audio recordings of words (n = that audio-visual priming is the most shadowed type 320) where the coronality, nasality, and gemination of of priming measured through dichotic listening. the target phoneme were manipulated. Specifically, Significant differences are only evident in conditions F2 formant frequency (Hz), burst intensity (dB), and with comparisons on condition C. Hence, condition C closure duration were measured. If the manipulations (audio-visual priming) has an effect on the other were successful, F2 for Coronality x Lexicality conditions. interaction and burst intensity should have opposite [email protected] trajectories indicating independence of place and manner of articulation. Furthermore, if closure MENTAL ATTENTION: IMPROVING IMAGERY BY duration is a reliable cue, a consistent pattern should ADDING FOCUS appear across speakers. Douglas L. Mortenson Alice F. Healy, & Keith R. As expected, the F2 Coronality x Lexicality interaction Lohse occurred in opposite trajectory of strong nasality University of Colorado, Boulder effect on burst intensity. Closure duration showed significant cross-over interaction for Coronality x Research has delineated the values of motor imagery Lexicality with noncoronal real and coronal pseudo for physical tasks; subjects consistently outperform being longer than for coronal real and noncoronal control groups when mentally rehearsing a task and pseudo across all speakers. This result indicates that

! 26 ! ! ! ! consonant closure duration may be a reliable probabilistic gambling task developed in our lab. acoustic correlate across speakers. Consistent with findings from paradigms employing [email protected] “real” peer observation, it is predicted that adolescents will take more risks when they believe they are being observed. The study has the potential KNOW JUDGMENTS IN FREE RECALL to determine whether observation by an anonymous SUGGESTS A REDEFINING OF FAMILIARITY peer has the same risk-enhancing effect as Travis M. Carlisle, Laura Mickes, & John T. Wixted observation by a known friend, and also validate a Northwestern University, Carnegie Mellon University new measure of risk-taking. [email protected] The Remember/Know procedure, originated by Tulving (1985), was meant to consider episodic (R) separately from semantic (K) memories. However, THE DECLINE OF READING COMPREHENSION Dual Process Theorists morphed the AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS Remember/Know procedure to distinguish between Mary Galloway two processes in recognition memory: recollection Northeast Texas Community College and familiarity. Recollection involves the retrieval of a test item along with the associated contextual A study of the decline of reading comprehension material, whereas familiarity involves the “knowing” among college students was completed with 3,313 that an item has been previously experienced. In the students tested from 1988-2007. All students were last 25 years the Remember/Know procedure has enrolled in the same professor's Introduction to been used many times in tasks of recognition, but Psychology course at a rural community college. rarely has it been used in Free Recall. In a Free These students completed the 20-minute Recall task we used the Remember/Know procedure comprehension portion of the Nelson-Denny Reading and found 53% of freely recalled responses were Test. In the spring 2010 semester, an initial given know judgments. We believe this result begs examination of the records was completed. A for a reassessment of the Remember/Know hypothesis was developed to determine if there had procedure and more importantly a redefining of been a significant decrease in reading equivalency familiarity. numbers over the two decades. A sample t-test was [email protected] used to analyze the averages between the two decades and gave enough evidence at the !=.05 level to support the hypothesis. Using the reading equivalency number averages from each year, a INFLUENCE OF ANONYMOUS PEERS ON RISK- scatter plot was created. From this, a trend line was TAKING BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS calculated which indicated an average annual Alexander S. Weigard, Jason M. Chein, and decrease of 5.1% in reading levels. Another Laurence Steinberg hypothesis was tested to determine if there was a Temple University predictive relationship between the reading equivalency numbers and the final class grades. It is well-established that adolescents engage in more Results of a linear regression analysis showed that risk behavior than adults, especially when in peer 65% of the changes in the reading levels will predict groups. Recent experiments have examined this the changes in the final class grades. The phenomenon by comparing adolescents’ behavior implications of this study are discussed and further when they are observed by two of their friends analysis is suggested. relative to when they are alone, and have found that [email protected] adolescents but not adults take more risks in the “peer observation” condition. To build on these findings, the current study aims to determine if awareness of observation by an anonymous peer can elicit the same effects on late adolescents’ behavior. Poster Session I Abstracts Participants complete risk-taking tasks both when they are unobserved and when their task behavior is presumably being watched by another same-sex and Note: All authors listed, with same-age participant, who introduces him or herself over two-way radio. Risk-taking tasks include a well- corresponding author email validated simulated driving game, and a new

! 27 ! ! ! ! Math Courtyard neuroticism and hazardous alcohol use. We conducted path analyses using multiple regression techniques in a sample of 105 female student BAD OR JUST TROUBLED? THE EFFECTS OF athletes who reported on their personality tendencies BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PERCEPTION and drinking behaviors across three time points. OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR Results showed that extroversion (T1) was directly Aisha Khan associated (positive) with hazardous alcohol use National University of Singapore (T3). Furthermore, extroversion was indirectly associated with hazardous alcohol use through its This study investigates whether people perceive relationship (positive) with the likelihood of excessive antisocial behavior more sympathetically when given use in convivial contexts (T2). No such associations background information about perpetrators of 3 case were found for neuroticism. These findings highlight studies: murder, fraud and theft specifically. the important role that the drinking context plays with Background information constitutes the respect to extroversion and hazardous alcohol use biopsychosocial cues that contextualize such among female students. antisocial behaviors. One hundred and twenty [email protected] National University of Singapore undergraduates took part in this 2 x 3 fully between factorial design. Each case study involved 40 participants, 20 out of which EFFECTS OF CEREBRUM SANGUINE read the crime report followed by the perpetrator of SATURATION ON CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION the crime’s background information. The remaining Martyna Sawicka, James Williams, Christina Puglisi, 20 participants read the crime report followed by an Mike Engles, Steven R. Holloway, & Michael K. irrelevant filler paragraph as a control. All participants Mcbeath then completed a questionnaire regarding the case studies. Their scores were tabulated. Lower scores Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, indicate more sympathetic perceptions towards the Perception, antisocial behaviours. Results showed that Ecological Action, Robotics & Learning Lab [PEARL] participants exposed to background information scored significantly lower scores than the control Flicker fusion is the rate at which a flickering light group. There were no significant differences for appears to be solid. Recent studies have shown that scores across case studies. people with higher levels of blood pressure reliably [email protected] have higher rates of flicker fusion. This finding is important especially from the perspective of fighter pilots, astronauts, and others who might be required to track targets while experiencing a negative g-force YOU ARE WHERE YOU DRINK”: DRINKING and thus increasing blood pressure in the brain. The CONTEXT AS A MEDIATOR OF PERSONALITY present was designed to examine the effects that TENEDENCIES AND HAZARDOUS ALCOHOL USE blood pooling in the brain could have on brain Katherine Oberwager function. Flicker fusion was assessed in participants Smith College while they were held upright and these scores were compared to the scores garnered while they were Research has shown that certain personality held at 180°. After the subjects were given time tendencies, particularly extroversion and neuroticism, upright to rest, their flicker fusion was assessed again are positively correlated with alcohol use. Moreover, at 100°, and 260°. These data show a significant according to the personality corresponsive principle, difference between the upright condition and all people self-select into environments that match their upside down conditions. Moreover, when that data is personality types. As such, it is possible that normalized it became clear that a person who is individuals who are highly extroverted or neurotic positioned with their feet above their head reliably may be particularly susceptible to excessive use in express a decrease in flicker fusion of about 10% convivial contexts or negative coping situations, regardless of the severity of the angle. respectively. As such, we tested whether the likelihood of excessive use in convivial contexts would mediate the association between extroversion VALIDATING A NEW ALEXITHYMIA MEASURE and hazardous alcohol use. We also tested whether Christine E. Hart the likelihood of excessive use in negative-coping University of Florida situations would mediate the relationship between

! 28 ! ! ! ! Current evidence-based treatments for alexithymuia do not provide a simple method for the individual to break down the components of his or her experience IMPLICATIONS OF PARENTAL ATTACHMENT of an emotion. I am proposing a computer-based STYLE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF intervention that can be used by individuals with REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES AMONG alexithymia to break down and make evaluative AFFLUENT INDIVIDUALS judgments about somatic changes associated with Sannaz Kamillia Keyhani his or her emotions to quickly and efficiently label Berkley Univesity what they are feeling with an emotion word outside of therapy sessions. Individuals will determine their Early onset of puberty has been associated with a valence, arousal, and dominance ratings of an range of deleterious health and psychological experience and the computer program will, based on outcomes including earlier and greater sexual that individual's circumplex, suggest an emotion that promiscuity. Life history theories suggest that early might appropriatly label the subject's emotional rearing experiences, including both parental experience. I also suggest two means of testing the investment and sociodemographic variables, shape efficacy of the intervention and evaluate the the trajectory of an individual’s reproductive strategy. program's limitations. I suggest extending a test of Patterns of early menarche have been observed efficacy to the evaluation of other interventions for among affluent females and among females who alexithymia, because it goes beyond the self-report display insecure parental attachment patterns. The measures that are currently used to evaluate an present study aimed to measure the effects of internvention's success in reducing alexithymia. parental attachment and socioeconomic status to [email protected] timing of puberty and early initiation in sexual activity. It was hypothesized that affluent females would be THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT: DIETING AND more insecurely attached as a result of inconsistent PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL TO FOOD and harsh parenting strategies. Thus they would CUES have entered puberty at much younger ages and Gia DeMichelle initiated and engaged in sexual activity at younger Davidson College ages. To test this hypothesis, 250 undergraduates participated in an online questionnaire, which Altered psychophysiology is a feature of eating assessed parental attachment style, socioeconomic disorders. Currently, we are collecting physiological status, timing of menarche and initiation in sexual data of respiration, heart rate, and skin conductance activities. No main effects were found to be in response to food cues and questions about foods’ significant. However a trending interaction was found effects on the body. With this data, we hope to between age at menarche and level of mother identify whether food or its effect on the body causes avoidance, such that early menarche and high more reactions within the body. Also, facial reactions mother avoidance predicted early initiation in sexual are being recorded in order to assess congruence behaviors. A similar trending interaction was also between self-reported emotion in response to food found between age at menarche and mean income cues and unfiltered emotional responses. level, such that early age at menarche and high Participants will be grouped using three mean income predicted earlier age at sexual questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), initiation. The presented effects of this study were not Eating Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES), and Self- conclusive, however given the small sample size Compassion Scale (SCS). We believe that those (and small cell sizes), these interactions are scoring high on the EAT-26, with high ESES scores, important to consider for prospective directions. and low SCS scores will be unrestricted eaters and [email protected] will have high physiological responses to food and body image cues. Those scoring high on the EAT- BATTERED WOMEN WHO KILL THEIR 26, with low ESES scores, and low SCS scores will PARTNERS: THE INFLUENCE OF DEFENDANT be restricted eaters and will have high physiological CHARACTERISTICS ON VERDICT OUTCOMES responses to body image cues, but lower responses Tessa McGrue to food cues than unrestricted eaters. Our dependent Dominican University of California variables could reveal important underlying emotional and physiological reactions that discriminate between Law enforcement statistics indicate that around 1,000 types of disordered eating, and have implications for women are convicted annually for killing their abusive diagnosis and treatment. partners (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995). [email protected] Research has shown that predicting jury behavior in

! 29 ! ! ! ! these cases is extraordinarily complex, as it is difficult depressed individuals. While the study is currently in to determine what factors will influence jury verdicts. the data collection phase, it is expected that attention This study was designed to investigate the influence training towards positive stimuli will decrease of dispositional traits on verdict outcomes for battered emotional reactivity and increase distress tolerance women who have killed their abusers. More to a stressful task in depressed individuals. specifically, this study will examine how the [email protected] defendant’s situational behavior and adherence to gender roles affect juror attitudes and sentencing ASSOCIATION OF POSITIVE PARENTING AND decisions. Participants will consist of approximately RESPONSE INHIBITION IN CHILDREN WITH AND 150 Bay Area residents who will be randomly WITHOUT ATTENTION—DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVIY assigned to one of four vignettes adapted from a DISORDER (ADHD) study by Follingstad, Brondino and Kleinfelter (1996), Jocelyn Meza in a 2x2 factorial design, with provocation by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) defendant at 2 levels (presence vs. absence of verbal provocation before the beating) and reputation of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defendant at 2 levels (good wife/mother vs. bad prevalent in 5-7% of children worldwide (Polanczyk et wife/mother). Participants will assess the case and at., 2007). Although it is characterized by extreme assign a verdict. A Likert Scale and Semantic and impairing levels of inattention and/or Differential will be employed to assess participant’s hyperactivity, ADHD is also frequently accompanied attitudes toward the defendant. Although data by executive function deficits, including poor collection and analysis will not be completed until response inhibition and effortful control. The present March, 2011, I expect to find that (1) more guilty study examined the association between positive verdicts will occur if the defendant’s characteristics parenting (i.e., parental involvement) on response deviate from the gender-role stereotypes associated inhibition and effortful control among 223 children with being a “good” wife and mother, and (2) if the with and without ADHD. Parenting was assessed defendant demonstrated verbal provocation toward through rating scales whereas response inhibition her partner prior to the beating, the jury will assign and effortful control were measured with more responsibility to her, producing a higher number standardized laboratory tasks, including the Stop of guilty verdicts. Signal Task and Stroop Color-Word task. Preliminary [email protected] results suggested that ADHD symptoms were inversely associated with effortful control and response inhibition, but only when they were exposed THE EFFECT OF ATTENTION MANIPULATION ON to positive parenting. Our findings suggest that EMOTION REGULATION IN DEPRESSED positive parenting behavior may function as a INDIVIDUALS protective factor on executive functions among William Michael Vanderlind children with ADHD. The University of Texas at Austin [email protected]

Cognitive theories of depression posit that cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., attentional biases) may help to STRESS, COPING AND CARDIOVASCUALR explain the onset and maintenance of Major REACTIVITY STUDY Depressive Disorder. Depressed and non-depressed Bella Arutyunyan individuals show differential attentional biases. University of California Los Angeles Whereas depressed individuals attend more to negative information (negative attentional bias), the Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular opposite is found in non-depressed controls (positive diseases, stroke and diabetes. This condition attentional bias). Attention training has been used to disproportionately affects African Americans in the further explore the causal implications of these United States, especially women. A potential biases on other aspects of the disorder, including contributing factor is the impact of racism-related emotion regulation. Recent work has shown that the stress, and differences in African American men and insertion of a negative attentional bias can negatively women’s coping behaviors. The objective of this affect emotion regulation (i.e., increase emotional study was to describe the relationship between reactivity and decrease distress tolerance) in healthy, racism-related stress and cardiovascular non-depressed individuals. Thus, this study is reactivity/recovery in an African American student investigating whether the insertion of a positive population. Eighty individuals were recruited to attentional bias can improve emotion regulation in undergo a laboratory-based stress interview in which

! 30 ! ! ! ! the focus was either an experience with racial discrimination or a non-racism-related major life POLITICAL UNREST AND POST TRAUMATIC event. Blood pressure measurements were collected STRESS DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN repeatedly before, during, and after each stress Wangi John Mary interview. We predict students recalling racism- Makerere University Kampala related events will have a more elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate than those "Many people in the world today are experiencing recalling a non-racism-related event. Also, the blood traumatic events brought by political unrest within pressure and heart rate response between men and their countries that occur in form of demonstrations, women may be different. These differences may put murder, rape, massacres, kidnap, child neglect and women at greater risk in the long-run even though assault. The purpose of this study was to examine younger African American men are typically the relationship between political unrest and post diagnosed with hypertension earlier in life compared traumatic stress disorder among children. A total of to women. Understanding the cause of this disparity 120 children between the age of 10-18 years were is important for improving the health status of African purposively sampled using Questionnaires and semi- Americans in general, and women specifically. structured psychiatric interviews.40 children from [email protected] Kampala who survived the September 11, 2009 Kampala riots; 40 from Western Kenyan Districts REASSURANCE SEEING BEHAVIOR IN consisting of children who survived the post election GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER riots; and 40 from southern Sudan consisting of Arundati Nagendra children who had suffered the wrath of political Northwestern University instability. A very high percentage (82.60%) of children was Excessive Reassurance Seeking is the tendency to found to experience symptoms that are outlined in frequently elicit reassurance about one’s worth from the DSM-IV criteria and 17.40% had symptoms of close others, and is postulated to be specific to PTSD for less than a month. Many Children (62.10%) depression (Joiner et al., 1995) contrast. In contrast, reported continued memory disturbance following the Anxious Reassurance Seeking is defined as a bad experience they witnessed during the unrest tendency to ask for reassurance about the future. A while 37.90 % had sleep disturbances. behavioral coding system was designed to capture The results from the study indicated that political anxious reassurance seeking (Inviting Feedback or unrest is significantly related to PTSD among Asking For Advice) and Excessive Reassurance children. Seeking (Negative Self-Statements, Questions of [email protected] Love, Affiliation, and Commitment, and Apologies). The system also included previously developed EARLY TEMPERAMENT PREDICTS ALCOHOL codes measuring feedback providing (Positive INTAKE IN GROUP-HOUSED RHESUS Reactions, Hostility and Withdrawal). Forty couples in MACAQUES which one member had GAD completed a couple Kfir Orgad interaction comprised of six discussion topics. Brigham Young University Preliminary data analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the seven codes. Type 1 alcoholism is characterized by high alcohol intake to mediate anxiety, and Type II alcoholism is Withdrawal & Inviting Feedback were negatively characterized by impulsive, antisocial behavior. This correlated whereas none of the codes tapping study is an assessment of early life behaviors that Excessive Reassurance Seeking were significantly characterized both temperamental types (anxiety and correlated with Withdrawal. Questions of Love, impulsive temperaments) as predictors of adult Affiliation, and Commitment were associated with alcohol intake. Subjects were 76 mother-reared less Positive Reactions and more Hostility, whereas subjects (Macaca mulatta), first observed from birth Inviting Feedback was not significantly correlated until five months of age, twice a week for a total of 10 with Hostility. Inviting Feedback was positively minutes per week, using an objective behavioral correlated with asking Questions of Love, Affiliation scoring system designed to represent anxiety and and Commitment and making Negative Self- sociality. The average duration of each behavior was Statements. These results suggest that Anxious computed for the third, fourth, and fifth months of life Reassurance Seeking may be more interpersonally and these measures were correlated with future benign than Excessive Reassurance Seeking. alcohol consumption measured 3-4 years later in [email protected] adolescence or adulthood (3-5 years of age). With

! 31 ! ! ! ! weight, age, and drinking situation (drinking alone or According to the NIMH, 26.2% of all adults in the U.S. in groups) controlled, multiple regressions were used suffer from at least one mental disorder in a given to assess whether behaviors were predictive of high year yet only about half receive any treatment. alcohol intake. Results: Monkeys low in social Several studies attribute the discrepancy to the contact, aggression, and environmental exploration, stigma associated with mental illness. Many and freezing, that spent more time being cradled by programs have attempted to reduce the effects of mother showed high alcohol intake. Partial correlation stigma in adults but have thus far been ineffective or values ranged from .702 to .744, and significant p- have led to unintended negative consequences. values ranged from 0.0009 to 0.031, with social Unlike adults however, the malleable schemata of contact approaching significance (p<0.07). Our data children make them ideal for early intervention. The show that in mother-reared subjects, early life current study proposes an investigation into the behaviors that characterize both Type 1 and Type 2 potential for both the stigma-reducing effects and the temperament are predictive of alcohol intake. academic outcomes of inclusionary classrooms in [email protected] school age children. Based on prior research, the study predicts that students in inclusionary classrooms will match or exceed their peers in THE EFFECT OF MOOD AND LEVEL OF segregated classrooms on measures of academic EXTROVERSION ON SELF-REGULATION success and IQ while also exhibiting reduced Rebecca Asbury, Kathryn Cornell, Mary Kralemann, negative attitudes and stigma related to mental Jennifer Nalepa, Bridgette Clay illness. The implications of the study may be crucial Saint Louis University to a long-term approach in increasing treatment rates as well as initiating changes in public education While previous research has examined the effects of policy. mood and the effects of level of extroversion on [email protected] participants’ self-regulation, the interaction effect of the two has never been examined. Previous HOW ORGANIZATIONAL REPRESENTATIONS research has shown that introverts tend to self- INFLUENCE WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT INTEREST regulate better than extroverts, and participants in IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND positive mood conditions do better than those in MATH (STEM) negative conditions. However, extroverts are more Emily Chan, Amy M. Williams, M.A. & Jenessa R. susceptible to mood manipulation than are introverts. Shapiro, Ph.D. It is hypothesized, therefore, that extroverts will self- University of California, Los Angeles regulate best when in a negative mood condition and Although women and men are equivalently introverts will self-regulate best in a neutral mood represented in many formerly male-dominated fields condition. Participants were given an (e.g. medicine and law), women remain introversion/extroversion scale, and their baseline underrepresented in science, technology, mood was measured using the Positive And Negative engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Poor Affect Schedule (PANAS). Participants were numerical representation of women in STEM settings assigned to one of three mood manipulation and the portrayal of STEM careers as stereotypically conditions: positive, neutral, or negative; the male can reduce women’s interest and feelings of International Affective Picture System was used to belongingness in STEM careers. The present study fabricate a slide show of image that would manipulate investigated how organizational representations of the participant’s mood state. Another PANAS employees could influence women’s interest in a checked that the mood manipulation was successful. STEM career. Participants were randomly assigned Participants were then given a version of the to view employee profiles from a fictitious company’s Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) to measure their web site where employees were portrayed as male or self-regulation as persistence by using minutes spent female and in terms of their work accomplishments or pursuing this difficult task. work accomplishments and personal information. [email protected] Consistent with predictions, female participants expressed the highest interest in the company when they saw a female employee represented in terms of THE STIGMA OF METNAL ILLNESS: AN work accomplishments and personal information. INVESTIGATION IN EARLY INTERVENTION There was a significant interaction between Aaron Stamper employee gender and employee representation for University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) participants’ likelihood of taking the job (p <.05) and feelings of authenticity (p <.01). However, women

! 32 ! ! ! ! were more likely to feel authentic when they viewed having fixed personality traits; and one received no male employees (compared to female employees) prime. After priming, students were asked to take the represented by work accomplishments alone (p paper format IAT (Lemm et al., 2008), and then were <.05). These findings suggest that women’s interest asked to take a short survey. While the study found in a STEM career are influenced by holistic no significant change in IAT scores based on representations (work and personal information) and exposure to priming materials, those students primed are differentially influenced by representations of to view others as fixed entities were generally less male and female employees. interested in participating in programming associated [email protected] with viewing race as a social construction. This study advances the ongoing study of theories of prejudice, CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN HOW STUDENTS and may provide examples of useful techniques for ARE AFFECTED BY THEIR PEERS’ educators and others who wish to teach about race PERFORMANCE as a social construction. Yii Wen Chuah [email protected] Stanford Unviersity THE EFFECTS OF RELIGIOUS PRIMES ON Culture affects how students monitor and react to PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HONESTY their classmates' academic performance. Our study Robert Lyons of Singaporean and American college students Seattle University showed that information on how their peers Several studies have explored how the implicit performed on a task affected how students of each activation of religion affects different aspects of culture performed in different ways. We gave behavior. We hypothesized that participants primed participants an anagrams task, told them that their with a religious concept would perform more peers performed better than they did on the same honestly, in a private and social setting, than a task, and then gave them a second anagrams task. control group. Fifty participants were randomly Singaporean students performed better on the assigned to a religious prime or control condition. A second task after they were told their peers did better conceptual priming task, the scrambled sentence than them, while American students performed task (Srull & Wyer, 1979), was used to prime the worse. Possible reasons for the cultural difference experimental group with a religious concept. After include a difference in motivating factors in a the priming task was completed, participants took a collectivistic vs. individualistic society, effort vs. ability test that is used to encourage cheating, the Circle attributions for success, and students' use of different Test (Hartshorne & May, 1928). Participants strategies. Future studies will explore each of these recorded their scores on the bottom of the Circle Test possibilities. (Private). Subsequently, a clipboard with filler scores [email protected] from supposed past participants was given to participants; participants again recorded their scores IMPLICIT THEORIES OF PERSONALITY AND THE (Social). For both the private and social settings, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPLICIT PREJUDICE reported scores were compared to the Circle Test’s AND IMPLICIT STEREOTYPING threshold score for cheating; scores below this Douglas D. Rudeen threshold were defined as honest. Participants Seattle University primed with a religious concept did not answer more honestly on private and social levels than the control The cognitive mechanisms involved with implicit group. This suggests that religious primes do not stereotyping and implicit prejudice have been studied affect honesty. extensively as separate entities, despite the fact that [email protected] the two are commonly associated with one another. In order to find out more about this association, the ACUTE EMOTION PREDICTION IN INTERGROUP present study examines whether implicit beliefs about CONTACT: GENDER GROUPS, POLITICAL personality (which previous research has associated PARTIES, AND RIVAL UNIVERSITIES with stereotyping behavior) may act as a link between Yufang “Sabrina“ Sun implicit stereotyping and implicit prejudice. To test Indiana University Bloomington this, 40 Seattle University students were randomly assigned to three conditions. One condition was Research by Markus & Kitayama has shown that primed to see others as having dynamic people from Eastern and Western cultures have personalities; one was primed to see others as different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the two. The interdependent self

! 33 ! ! ! ! construal of East Asians and the independent self- likely to trust acupuncture recommendations from construal of North Americans have been shown to fellow African American breast cancer survivors, contribute to different patterns of cognition, emotion, suggesting a peer education framework could be the and motivation. (Heine, 2001; Markus & Kitayama, most effective. 1991) The current studies investigated the cross- [email protected] cultural difference of social network connectivity between Chinese and American participants. In SPEED DIVERSITY DIALOGUE: MULTICULTURAL Study 1, Chinese and Americans participants were COMPETENCE TRAINING asked to draw a diagram of their “social world“, and Daniel Mello the structural and functional variables these diagrams Sonoma State University were coded and analyzed. Mean difference between Chinese and American participants were found in According to Allport (1954), the best way to reduce number of indicated indirect connections, person and prejudice is through inter-group interaction. Diversity relationship labels,as well as the boundary of self. In training is a growing field in need of action research Study 2, participants were asked to specify the to assess its effectiveness (Levy Paluck, 2006). contact frequency and emotional attachment to their Speed Diversity Dialogue (SDD) is a proposed 10 closest friends, and the connections among these multicultural competence training technique. friends in a network matrix. Data are being actively Participants were 99 students (male, 34%; female collected at this point. The local parameters and 66%) from majority groups (White, 66%; Biracial global variables are to be coded and analyzed, partly 17%; Black 11%; Latino 6%); ages18-27 (mean using network connectivity toolbox in Matlab. =19.31). The majority of participants (79%) reported Predicted cross-cultural difference include the degree a positive impact in perceptions of diverse of overlap between primary and task groups, the populations (Mean 2.08, Likert scale +1 to +5) relative ratio of strong and weak ties, the perceived whereas only 6% of participants reported a slightly centrality of the self relative to close others etc. negative impact (mean = 0.62, Likert scale -1 to -5). [email protected] Fifteen percent reported no change. Open-ended questions indicated that SDD is an effective tool to (a) facilitate dialogue around critical issues of REDUCING HEALTH DISPARITIES THROUGH A diversity in a safe and respectful environment, (b) PEER-DRIVEN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION allow participant to find common ground with peers FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN INTERESTED and better understand their beliefs and backgrounds, IN THE USE OF ACUPUNCTURE AS AN ADJUNCT (c) increase empathy towards others’ experiences, TREATMENT (d) break stereotypes and assumptions about out- Annarose Mittelstaedt, Justin Kwok, Vickie M. Mays, group members, and (e) increase a sense of Ph.D., MSPH, Regan Maas, CPhil connectedness. Overall, our preliminary quantitative University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and qualitative findings suggest that SDD is a high impact, low cost model that helps to increase African American women experience a higher multicultural competence. incidence of aggressive breast cancer subtypes than [email protected] women from any other ethnic group (Crowe, 2005). These cancers demand especially aggressive INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT TO DIVERSITY: treatment regimens, which are often accompanied by ALIGNING NEEDS AND RESOURCES exacerbated side affects (Chlebowski, 2005). Jacob Tumas Acupuncture has been shown to effectively treat the Sonoma State University most common side affects, including nausea, pain, fatigue, hot flashes, and joint stiffness (Ezzo, 2005; Universities see diversity as a positive aspect in Broeckel, 2008; Molassiotis, 2007; Walker, 2008; higher education (Elway Research Inc. 2005). Budget Drew, 2010). The goal of our study is to develop the constraints demand the prioritization of campus parameters for a community-driven educational diversity goals. Our study identified top diversity intervention to educate African American women priorities using six group discussions (n = 373; about the benefits of acupuncture as a treatment students, 45%; staff, 26%; professors, 20%; and adjunct. Data will be drawn from the questionnaire administrators, 9%). Using Grounded Theory, ten responses of African American breast cancer aspects emerged as top priorities for participants. survivors from five selected breast cancer support Most of the comments referred to “campus climate” groups for African American women in Los Angeles (16.9%), primarily on the role of “White privilege” County. Preliminary data shows the women are most (25.4%) affecting racial/ethnic groups (17.5%);

! 34 ! ! ! ! “institutional policies/procedures” (13.7%) impacting implications for body image and body dissatisfaction racial/ethnic groups (25.5%); “financial resources” research are discussed. (13.1%) available to people with lower incomes [email protected] (20.4%) and diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds (18.4%). Racial/ethnic aspects need better Linguistics Courtyard representation in campus events, celebrations, and clubs (13.5%). Religion needs IN AND OUT OF THE GAME: INVESTIGATING THE acknowledgment/incorporation in curriculum (29.4%). ROLE OF SEASONAL STATUS IN HEALTH Sexual minorities need consideration in the campus OUTCOMES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES climate (26.1%). Gender and parenting issues Camilla Claiborn, Nicole L. Robitaille, Anna R. Veltri, should be reflected in campus support services Jessica A. Welk, & Byron L. Zamboanga (16.7%). Disability services need redefined University of Utah policies/procedures (46.7%). Concerning socio- economic status, support services (23.1%) need Research shows that college student athletes drink strengthening. Institutional resources should more and experience more negative drinking consider the needs of people of different ages outcomes than their non-athlete student counterparts. (21.4%). Recruitment/retention practices should However, the association between athletics and tailor strategies for race/ethnicity (12.2%); other alcohol use among adolescents remains unclear. For diverse groups (23.7%), including males (33.4%). example, some studies have shown that athletic Our results identify diversity issues demanding higher participation is linked to alcohol use, while others prioritization to effectively serve diverse populations have shown that it is protective. We examined the and increase multicultural competence in majority role of athletic involvement on health outcomes with students. emphasis on seasonal athletic status, given that the [email protected] mental state (e.g. self-esteem) and health behaviors (e.g. alcohol use) of athletes can differ in and off- LEAVING A FITTING IMPRESSION: THE IMPACT season. Students (N=594) from a Northeastern high OF PERCEIVED BODY FITNESS, GENDER school completed an anonymous survey and AND RACE ON MEMORABILITY reported on their alcohol use and athletic Alex Huynh participation. Results showed that athletes and non- University of California, San Diego athletes did not differ in alcohol consumption, however both in-season and off-season athletes were Propensities toward higher levels of recognition for more likely to report that they intended to drink in individuals within one’s own race and own gender adulthood than non-athletes. Off-season athletes have been well established in previous research (e.g. reported higher favorable evaluations of negative Brigham, Bennett, Meissner & Mitchell, 2007; drinking outcomes than athletes in and off-season. Rehnman & Herlitz, 2006). Understanding the Finally, in-season athletes reported higher levels of moderating factors of these phenomena, particularly self-esteem and better grades than off-season on racial biases in memory remain at the center of athletes and non-athletes. Our findings highlight the ongoing research. The present study aims to extend importance of considering seasonal athletic status, our insight on these biases through exploration of which may help explain the discrepancies in the their interplay with perceived physical fitness. literature on adolescent alcohol use and athletics. Previous research by Beckerley and Kulik (2010) suggests that women are more apt to remember fit [email protected] same-gendered peers, compared to average peers. We expect that physical body fitness of others will moderate the memorability of same-gender and own- THE ROLE OF RACE, DISABILITY, AND race images. In the present study, 80 male and HOMELESSNESS SATUS IN SOCIAL female subjects self-identified as Asian or Caucasian PERCEPTIONS were exposed to 32 images of fit or average, Asian or Chardee Ashley Galan Caucasian images for 3-second intervals. Following a University of California, Berkeley 10-minute unrelated filler-task, participants engaged in a recognition task, viewing 32 targets and 32 foils Although several studies have examined societal matched on body fitness, facial attractiveness and attitudes towards homeless people and disabled overall attractiveness. The impact of body fitness on individuals, both which have historically been targets the own-gender and own-race bias, as well as of prejudice, they are far from homogenous groups, and there are important differences between them

! 35 ! ! ! ! which need to be acknowledged. For example, THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON INCIDENTAL although there are a disproportionate number of LONG-TERM MEMORY homeless African Americans in the United States, Anna K. Jarschke few studies have explored the relationship between Sierra Nevada College race and homelessness. As such, the present study will contribute to this discourse by examining To investigate how gender affects incidental, long- attitudes towards homeless and disabled individuals term memory, participants viewed a slide show of 40 of different races. Participants will be administered a words; 20 female-stereotypical and 20 male- social vignette, which will describe a target. All stereotypical. Each word was displayed for 3 vignettes will be exactly the same except for the seconds. Instructions were given to visualize each descriptions of the target, which will vary the race, word. Participants completed a series of simple, homelessness status, and physical disability status of intermittent, mathematical tasks to eliminate short- the target. After reading the vignette, participants will term memory and distract them from the purpose of complete questionnaires that will measure the study. Participants were asked to recall, in perspective-taking, social distancing, and prosocial writing, as many words as possible from the word list. behavior towards the target. It is hypothesized that 81 undergraduate students, aged 18 to 25, the combination of two or more stigmatized identities participated. Using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, a exacerbates the experience of oppression so that it is significant difference was found for female recall of more than disablism and/or racism put together. In female-stereotypical words (p = 0.003). There was this way, this study will create a more complex and no significant difference for male recall of male- sophisticated framework which recognizes often stereotypical words (p = 0.169). A pilot study was variable interactions between different forms of social conducted prior to the experiment to assess the oppression. gender-stereotypical value of individual words. The [email protected] 20 highest rankings for both male and female- stereotypical words were used in the experiment. A potential explanation for the pattern of results (i.e., THE ASSOCIATION OF EMOTIONAL SELF- gender-stereotyped memory in females but not EFFICACY AND ANXIETY IN CHILDREN WITH males) is the female-stereotypical words were ranked AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER as more gender-stereotypical than the male- Eric Change & Sharon Hui stereotypical words. University of California, Los Angeles [email protected]

Previous research suggests that in typically THE EFFECTS OF INDUCED ELEVATED VERSUS developing children with anxiety disorders cognitive NEUTRAL MOOD ON A GENDER STEREOTYPING behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in improving TASK GIVEN TO COMMUNITY COLLEGE emotional regulation and reducing anxiety (Suveg et STUDENTS al., 2009). The present study examines if changes in Jessica M. Mellinger emotional self-efficacy (ESE) of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as a result of CBT, predict This study is a follow-up of a pilot completed for a reduction in anxiety. We hypothesize that increases Research Methods course in fall, 2010. My in ESE are related to decreases in anxiety because hypothesis for the pilot was that induced positive children with more ESE are less likely to have anxiety mood would increase gender stereotyping compared in situations. Forty-four children (aged 7-11) were to induced neutral mood in a sample of Community randomly assigned to CBT-Immediate Treatment (IT) College subjects. The independent variable was or Waitlist (WL) conditions. Measures of anxiety and mood and the levels were induced elevated ESE were collected at pre- and post-assessments. mood and induced neutral mood. The dependent Results show significant differences in ESE between variables were related to gender stereotyping and the IT and WL conditions at post assessments, with included gender-specific ratings of aggressiveness, the IT condition scoring significantly higher on ESE concern for others, communication skills, and than the WL (t(42)=2.507, p<.05). Additionally, ESE assertiveness. My hypothesis was not supported by was negatively correlated with anxiety (R=-.622, our data. The only significant result was from the t- p<.05). Further linear regression analysis will be test for mean ratings of female assertiveness conducted to determine the extent of change in ESE between the elevated mood and neutral mood on anxiety scores. groups.Induced elevated mood actually appeared to have decreased stereotypingof female assertiveness as compared with induced neutral mood.

! 36 ! ! ! ! However, the theory that temporary moods can affect COMPENSATING FOR A LACK OF AUDIO INPUT our judgments and views of other people is WHILE DRIVING consistent with our results for female assertiveness. Sarah McQueen The follow-up study utilized a larger sample to test University of California, Santa Clara the original hypothesis that induced positive mood increases gender stereotyping compared to induced Do you need your ears to drive? Today, people are neutral mood. The procedure was slightly modified increasingly placed in situations where they are to reduce various selection threats to validity. deprived of their hearing or distracted by other Significant results were found from the t-test for mean hearing-related tasks, leading to a significant problem ratings of male assertiveness and male in driving safety. Despite bias, previous research aggressiveness between the elevated and neutral shows that drivers with a hearing impairment are just mood groups, but, as in the pilot study, were in the as safe as drivers without a hearing impairment, opposite direction from what was hypothesized. which suggests that they may employee a Induced elevated mood appears to have decreased compensatory strategy to account for their hearing stereotyping of male assertiveness and male loss. To explore the role of hearing in driving, we aggressiveness as compared with induced neutral examined how an artificial hearing deprivation affects mood. Both the pilot and current study show that the performance of drivers with otherwise normal induced elevated mood decreases gender hearing and whether they can begin to compensate stereotyping as compared with induced neutral mood. for this deprivation with practice. Overall, participants [email protected] in the hearing condition had a better driving performance and faster responses to a simulated FALSE COGNATE DETECTION: PARALLEL emergency vehicle stimulus. Both the drivers in the ACTIVATION OF NATIVE AND SECOND hearing condition and the drivers in the no hearing LANGUAGE LEXICONS condition generally improved over time, but those in Kathleen Lee the no hearing condition improved at a faster rate, University of Illinois at Chicago suggesting that their improvement could not be completely explained by a mere practice effect and Results of this study supported parallel activation of that the drivers had developed a compensatory Spanish and English in cognate text processing. strategy after only two hours of practice. Across languages, true cognates share similar [email protected] meaning, sound, and appearance, whereas false cognates only share similar sound or appearance. STRATEGIES USED IN FRACTION MAGNITUDE False cognate detection can test models predicting COMPARISONS ACROSS LEVELS OF MATH storage, activation, and processing of native and KNOWLEDGE second languages occur in the same places in Melissa DeWolf memory (Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002; Kroll & Carnegie Mellon University DeGroot, 1997). 36 Spanish-English bilinguals read sentences with true cognates (TC), false cognates In the current study, we investigated what strategies (FC), no cognates, or were semantically incorrect people use to compare magnitudes of fractions, and sentences. Specifically, analyses revealed significant how the strategies vary with overall mathematical differences in reading times and fixation patterns of knowledge. Because little is known about how ‘target’ (cognate) versus ‘trigger’ (word proceeding people think about fractions, prior research has cognate) words. A 2 (TC vs. FC) x 2 (trigger vs. attempted to assess the extent to which people think target) x 3 (low vs. medium vs. high Spanish of fractions compared to how they think about whole proficiency) mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) numbers (Bonato, Fabbri, Umilta & Zorzi, 2007; showed that across proficiencies participants read FC Scheider & Siegler, 2010; Meert, Gregoire, Noel, in longer than TC. Parallel overlapping representations press). In particular, Bonato et al. (2007) has of the correct and incorrect meanings of FC words examined the degree to which fractional magnitude suggest why readers across all proficiencies showed comparisons can yield an understanding of the immediate disruptions when reading. Separate mental representation of fractions. Scheider & ANOVAs for other interest areas also had significant Siegler (2010) argue that these assessments cannot main effects and interactions. be made independently from understanding the [email protected] strategies for comparison that a particular pair of fractions elicits. The current study will extend prior research by comparing strategies that Carnegie Mellon University students, with high math

! 37 ! ! ! ! proficiency, use to compare fraction magnitudes to ratings were obtained from a separate group of 50 the strategies that Community College of Allegheny participants). Participants will learn words written in a County students, with lower math proficiency, use to constructed language with definitions as concrete compare fraction magnitudes. The goal was to (high imagery) and abstract (low imagery) nouns and identify the strategies that adults use, their relation to verbs, and will then be asked to define those symbols overall math knowledge, and how the strategies after a three-minute delay. We expect that concrete influence accuracy and speed of performance. Our words will be better recalled than abstract words, but findings indicate that strategy use does vary with that there will be no effect of word class—nouns and overall math knowledge and performance on our verbs will be recalled equally when imagery is magnitude comparison task; the lower performing equated. In addition, concrete nouns will be recalled participants more frequently used strategies that more than abstract nouns and concrete verbs will be would yield incorrect results compared to the high recalled more than abstract verbs. These results will performing participants who selected more provide a strong case for imagery as the ultimate successful strategies. cause of the noun advantage in word acquisition. [email protected] [email protected]

VALENCE AND FADING AFFECT IN THE RECOLLECTION OF RECENT SIGNIFICANT PREDICTORS OF HAPPINESS AMONG LGBQ EVENTS COLLEGE STUDENTS Kenneth Cross Danny El Hassan Eastern Washington University New York University

We recruited 153 participants who recalled Compared with other populations, lesbian, gay, “significant events” from the last week and then from and bisexual (LGB) individuals may be challenged the past month. Following recall, participants rated with increased obstacles to achieving happiness. their memories for valence and for past and present According to minority stress theory, sexual minority emotional impact. Consistent with previous research, people are at an increased risk of experiencing stress participants recalled many more positive than and poor mental health related to their stigmatization negative events, however, there was a strong time X (Meyer, 1995). However, certain characteristics have valence interaction such that this positive bias was been found to buffer against the negative effects of stronger for recollections from the past month than minority stress (Felsten & Wilcox 1992). for recollections from the past week. Because The purpose of the study was to assess whether recollections from the past week are more likely to social support and mastery might buffer against the accurately represent life events than memories from negative effects of minority stress and lead to the past month, we interpreted this interaction as happiness in a sample of LGBQ college students. suggesting that a positive memory bias tends to grow Additionally, the study aimed to assess whether with time. We also found that positive memories perfectionism would be inversely related to happiness tended to hold more of their pleasant impact with for this population. Participants were recruited during time, but negative memories lost more of their the fall of 2010 through the LGB listserv at two unpleasant bite. This fading affect bias may explain private universities located in New York City, and why most people tend to be happy. consisted of 51 LGBQ students aged between 18 and [email protected] 21. A multiple regression revealed that the only THE ROLE OF IMAGEABILITY IN WORD variable significantly associated with happiness was LEARNING mastery (beta= .49, B=.36, p<.01), which only Karen Lee partially supports the hypothesis. Given these University of California Los Angeles findings, future research should replicate the study with a larger sample and also investigate Across languages, nouns tend to be learned earlier interventions to increase mastery among LGBQ than verbs; this is in part due to nouns being more college students. imageable (easier to form a mental image of the Keywords: lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, happiness, word) than verbs. In our previous study, we found no mastery difference in memory for nouns and verbs after [email protected] equating for imagery. In the present experiment, we will test the effect of imagery on memory for nouns and verbs, controlling for rated word frequency (word

! 38 ! ! ! ! THE RELATIONS OF SELF-REGULATION TO that play different roles in children’s socioemotional CHINESE AMERICAN CHILDREN'S EMPATHY AND outcomes. SOCIAL COMPETENCE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY Charlene Sum [email protected] University of California, Berkeley MATERNAL STRESS AND ITS RELATIONSHOP TO Using a longitudinal, multi-method design, the SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN FAMILIES WITH present study examined relations of Chinese INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED CHILDREN American children’s (N = 258) self-regulation to their Annie M. Varvaryan empathy and social competence. Previous research Sacramento City College has shown that self-regulation, specifically effortful control, predicts children’s empathy (e.g., Eisenberg "This study is a follow-up of a pilot completed for a et al., 2007) as well as social competence (e.g., Research Methods course in Fall. 2010. My Spinrad et al., 2006) both concurrently and hypothesis for the pilot was that induced positive longitudinally. However, self-regulation is a multi- mood would increase gender stereotyping compared dimensional construct, as previous research has to induced neutral mood in a sample of Community shown that different components of self-regulation College subjects. The independent variable was uniquely predict different types of math skills in mood and the levels were induced elevated mood Chinese American children (Chen, Main, Zhou, & and induced neutral mood. The dependent variables Bunge, under review). The goals of the present study were related to gender stereotyping and included were twofold: first, to extend findings of previous gender-specific ratings of aggressiveness, concern research on the relations between self-regulation, for others, communication skills, and assertiveness. empathy, and social competence to a Chinese My hypothesis was not supported by our data. The American immigrant sample; second, to examine only significant result was from the t-test for mean unique relations across time between different ratings of female assertiveness between the elevated components of self-regulation and empathy and mood and neutral mood groups. Induced elevated social competence in this population. We assessed mood actually appeared to have decreased self-regulatory processes with a combination of adult stereotyping of female assertiveness as compared reports, computerized tests, and persistence on a with induced neutral mood. However, the theory that behavioral task when children were in first or second temporary moods can effect our judgments and views grade (Wave 1) and when children were in third or of other people is consistent with our results for fourth grade (Wave 2). A confirmatory factor analysis female assertiveness. of the self-regulation measures supported a three- The follow-up study will utilize a larger sample to test factor model (Attention Focusing, Inhibitory Control, the original hypothesis that induced positive mood and Cognitive Flexibility). Empathy was measured will increase gender stereotyping compared to using teacher/child report of dispositional sympathy. induced neutral mood. The procedure will be slightly Social competence was measured using modified to reduce various selection threats to parent/teacher reports at Wave 1 and teacher report validity." at Wave 2. Multiple regressions showed that [email protected] cognitive flexibility uniquely and positively predicted empathy controlling for baseline and concurrent PREDICTORS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING levels of other self-regulatory abilities, whereas AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION UNIT FACULTY IN inhibitory control uniquely and positively predicted MIRIAM COLLEGE social competence, controlling for baseline levels of Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD social competence. Cognitive flexibility may predict University of Illinois at Chicago empathy through the switching of focus from one’s [email protected] own emotions, a crucial skill involved in empathy. On the other hand, inhibitory control may be a more ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE USE OF INTERNET important skill for social competence because it AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE DIMENSIONS contributes to the child’s ability to inhibit undesirable OF ALIENATION AND SOME OTHER VARIABLES behaviors in social situations. Attention focusing did IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS not predict empathy or social competence. Taken Khaled Alotaibi together, these findings suggested that attention Carnegie Mellon University focusing, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility are related but dissociable self-regulatory processes [email protected]

! 39 ! ! ! ! YOUTH SATISFACTION SCORES AS A letter stem cue that only fit one of the categories. We PREDICTOR OF CAREGIVER SATISFACTION predicted the presence of a second category would Alayna Park increase competition—and resultant forgetting—due University of California, Santa Cruz to added information available during retrieval, as compared to a one-category control. Preliminary data Satisfaction measures are commonly distributed indicate a trend for forgetting in the control and an during the post-treatment assessment to see how elimination of forgetting in the two-category group. clients perceived the quality of their therapy. Although [email protected] several studies have examined satisfaction among adult clients, few have looked at satisfaction scores RELATIONSHIP OF EXERCISE AND POSITIVE following treatment of youths. Since both parents and REINFORNCEMENT OF D-METHAMPHETAMINE children are highly involved in the treatment of child IN RATS disorders, it was hypothesized that a positive Brittani D. Vaillancourt correlation would exist between caregiver and youth satisfaction scores. The present study examined the Studies have shown that wheel-running of rats relationship between caregiver and youth satisfaction decreases self-administration of drugs and access to scores, taking into account the youth’s age, gender, drugs decreases wheel running. and diagnosis. Participants consisted of 145 clients Previous studies have pre-trained rats on the wheel (ages 7-13 years) from agencies in Honolulu and prior to introducing drug access. The purpose of this Boston. A bivariate correlation revealed no study is to determine the reciprocal effects of wheel association between caregiver and youth satisfaction running and the amount of self-administered scores with caregivers (M=25.92, SD=5.33) having methamphetamine (METH) in wheel naive rats. The slightly lower satisfaction than youths (M=28.28, present study examined effects of wheel running on SD=3.91), "=0.271. However, a one-way between intravenous d-methamphetamine (METH) self- subjects ANOVA showed that caregivers with female administration in male Wistar and Sprague Dawley youths were significantly more satisfied than rats. In Experiment 1, Wistar rats self-administered caregivers with male youths. Additionally, a second METH (0.05 mg/kg/inf) under a fixed-ratio ANOVA revealed higher satisfaction scores among 1 (FR1) schedule and had concurrent access to a caregivers whose child was diagnosed with anxiety running wheel either 1) throughout all 14 sessions; 2) than with depression. Contrary to expectations, during sessions 8-14; or 3) during sessions 15-21. results suggest that caregivers and youths are not Group 1 self-administered less METH than Groups 1 influenced by the other’s assessment of treatment, and 2. Wheel activity for Groups 2 and 3 was lower but rather form separate opinions about the youth’s than for Group 1, however, the introduction of wheel therapy. access did not alter METH infusions in Groups 2 and [email protected] 3. Thus, 7 or 14 prior sessions of METH self- administration reduced preference for an activity DOES CROSS-CATEGORY INTERFERENCE wheel. In Experiment 2, Sprague Dawley rats self- INFLUENCE RETRIEVAL-INDUCED administered METH (0.1 mg/kg/inf) under FR1. One FORGETTING? group had concurrent wheel access for 14 sessions; Laura Bartak for the other group, the wheel was always locked. University of California, Los Angeles These data suggest a relationship between the order of treatment exposure; rats exposed to the wheel It is well established that retrieving information first and METH second demonstrated a lower affinity enhances its later recall. But a phenomenon known for drug intake and, conversely, METH prior to wheel as retrieval-induced forgetting (Anderson, Bjork, & experience can interfere with the value of exercise as Bjork, 1994) shows that retrieval can deteriorate non- a reinforcer. retrieved but related information. Inhibition theory [email protected] suggests that competition of information during retrieval results in suppression of unnecessary information (Storm, 2010). In an effort to manipulate ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT PROTECTS competition during retrieval, this study used a novel AGAINST STRESS-INDUCED COGNITIVE AND version of the retrieval-practice paradigm (Anderson MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE CA3 et al., 1994) in which half of the participants received REGION OF ADULT HIPPOCAMPUS a second category during practice. Instead of seeing Agnieszka Mika and Danya Anouti a category plus 2-letter stem cue during retrieval, we Arizona State University presented two categories simultaneously, then a 3-

! 40 ! ! ! ! Arizona State University correlational study is currently underway to examine the impact of maintenance exercise habits vs. Chronic stress and environmental enrichment (EE) immediate exercise (initial experiment) on test affect hippocampal structure in opposing directions; performance. Participants will complete a chronic stress causes retraction of apical dendrites questionnaire indicating their exercise pattern over within the CA3 region of the hippocampus, while EE the past 3 months. Operational definitions of various attenuates these changes. Such stress-induced exercise frequencies will be used to categorize structural changes are linked to deficits in participants into frequent and infrequent exercise hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and groups. Participants will complete the test used in the memory. Previous work shows that EE prevented previous study. Results will be compiled, compared chronic-stress induced spatial memory deficits when across groups and reported at the conference. initiated in development. Here, we examined if EE [email protected] would prevent stress-induced CA3 dendritic retraction and corresponding deficits in spatial learning and WE PLAY BECAUSE WE WANT TO: MOTIVES FOR memory in adult rats. EE was characterized by larger PLAYING DRINKING GAMES AS A MEDIATOR OF housing conditions, social interaction, exercise, and ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES AND DRINKING novelty. Adult rats were assigned to housing, either GAMES PARTICIPATION EE or standard pair housing, and chronic restraint Denise C. Kim stress conditions, either 6h/d in wire mesh restrainers Smith College or control. All groups were tested on the radial arm water maze (RAWM) to assess spatial learning and Current researchers have hypothesized that drinking memory. In the first study, EE initiated one week prior motives mediate the association between alcohol to stress prevented chronic stress-induced CA3 outcome expectancies and drinking behaviors apical dendritic retraction and corresponding spatial (Kuntsche et al., 2010; Kuntsche et al., 2005). learning and memory deficits. In the second study, Participation in drinking games, a type of risky EE initiated two weeks into the five-week stress practice, is popular among college students (Borsari, regimen prevented chronic stress-induced structural 2004) but how specific motives mediate expectancies and cognitive changes. Together, these studies show and gaming behaviors remains unclear. The present that EE started in adulthood can protect against study tested the aforementioned hypothesis focusing stress-induced changes in hippocampal morphology specifically on motives to play drinking games as a and function. mediator of alcohol expectancies and gaming [email protected] behavior. The study sample consisted of 721 college gamers from eight U.S. colleges. Path analysis was FAMILY INVOLVEMENT ACROSS ADOLESCENTS’ conducted using multiple regression techniques to TRANSITION TO COLLEGE test the motives mediation hypothesis. Results Jenny Padilla indicated that motives to play drinking games for University of California Los Angeles social reasons mediated the associations between sociability expectancies and frequency of gaming Recent studies show psychological benefits of behavior. Motives to play drinking games for coping exercise in older and younger individuals (Hillman, reasons mediated the associations of tension Erickson, & Cramer, 2008). Hillman et al. (2008) reduction expectancies and amount consumed while showed improvement in cognitive performance on gaming. Finally, motives to playing drinking games perceptual, verbal and mathematical tasks. My first for competition and thrills (e.g., to take a risk) study investigated whether exercising immediately mediated the relationships of liquid courage (e.g., I before a test would impact performance. 58 Sierra would feel courageous) expectancies with both Nevada College undergraduates aged 18-25 were frequency and amount consumed while gaming. The randomly assigned to the exercise or non-exercise present results extend the hypothesis that drinking group. The exercise group completed a 15-minute motives mediate the association between alcohol exercise routine accompanied by music. The non- expectancies and alcohol use to gaming behaviors. exercise group listened to the same music for 15- [email protected] minutes while sitting. Participants in each group, then, completed a 50-question sample from the Civics portion of the U.S. Naturalization Test (USCIS, 2011). An independent-samples t-test showed no significant difference in test performance between Poster Session II Abstracts exercise and non-exercise groups (p=.340). A

! 41 ! ! ! ! parallelism, proximity, and symmetry, is memory span increased because there are now fewer "things" Note: All authors listed, with to remember? Previous studies have explored corresponding author email chunking based on learned or familiar units, evident in the grouping of five-digit zip codes; here, we look Math Courtyard at grouping based on geometric features shown to underlie grouping in perception. Can EFs facilitate

recall of visual patterns by predicting memory

capacity, salient stimuli, and memory errors? We COMPUTER-BASED NOTE-TAKING VERSUS investigate memory for items that group from rotated PAPER-BASED NOTE-TAKING AND ITS EFFECTS parentheses [e.g. (), )), )( ]. Following a 10-second ON PERFORMANCE exposure to 4x4 matrices, Ss recall patterns by Nikita Martini drawing parentheses into empty grids. An analysis of Sierra Nevada University the number and types of errors made will test the role

of several possible emergent features. This study compares learner long-term memory for a Note: Only three possible arrangements between two brief lecture encoded via traditional paper-based note parentheses are described above. It does not include taking or, the currently prevalent, computer-based all rotations used in the experiment. note taking. Comprehension will be measured by performance on a verbally-administered multiple [email protected] choice test. Participants are Sierra Nevada College undergraduates, as the focus is on classroom SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE TURING TEST learners. A pilot study verified equivalence of difficulty Rebecca Asbury for each lecture and associated verbal test. Saint Louis University Study participants will hear two 10-minute lectures describing different businesses. Lecture order will be Computer programs designed for online conversation counterbalanced to minimize potential order effects. with humans, called “chatterbots,” often make Participants will be instructed to take notes during language mistakes and reveal their artificial nature. lecture and informed of a verbal quiz. A visual puzzle This exploratory study examines what other clues distractor will be displayed for 5-minutes after each humans will use, once chatterbots become more lecture. Following the distractor task, participants will linguistically competent, to determine if their partners be tested. All participants hear both lectures, take in text-based conversations are humans or notes using paper and computer, and complete both computers. It is hypothesized that entities judged to quizzes. Participants will be randomly assigned to be emotionally “cold” will be more likely to be complete paper-based or computer-based note considered nonhuman. Also, entities that take a taking during their first lecture. The method for the dominant role in the conversation are more likely to second lecture is determined by the first. be judged as humans. Participants took part in a Presentation of the second lecture will occur version of the Turing Test, in which they read immediately following the first verbal test. It is transcripts of textual conversations, and attempted to hypothesized participants taking paper-based notes discern which (if any) of the conversing entities were will score higher than those taking computer-based computer programs. Participants also ranked entities notes. The data collected will be analyzed and on a 7-point Likert scale from “Very Cold” to “Very interpreted for presentation at the conference. Warm,” and completed the Negative Attitudes

towards Robots Scale (NARS). For comparison

purposes, participants were randomly assigned to

one of two groups. The first was told that each

conversation contained exactly one human and one THE EFFECT OF GROUPING AND EMERGENT computer (similar to the Loebner Competition format); FEATURES ON RECALL FOR VISUAL PATTERNS the second was told that at least one of the sixteen Tracey Isidro total entities was human, and at least one was a Rice University computer (akin to real-world encounters with ! chatterbots). When whole visual patterns are constructed from [email protected] parts, is our memory of them based on wholes, parts, or some combination? When parts group perceptually into a whole because of emergent features (EFs) like

! 42 ! ! ! ! PATTERNS OF INTIMACY AND DISTANCING IN with their more manic partners, relative to people YOUNG WOMEN’S (AND MEN’S) lower in these traits. Results from sixty-three couples CONVERSATIONS ABOUT ROMANTIC in dating relationships provided initial evidence that RELATIONSHIPS agreeableness and a tendency to reappraise were, indeed, important traits that helped romantic partners Jerika C. Norona, Neill Korobov, Avril Thorne, & of more manic individuals experience more Halley Farwood satisfaction and engage in more touch and laughter University of California, Santa Cruz relative to partners lower in agreeableness and reappraisal tendencies. This study examined how young women friends [email protected] discursively constructed intimacy when exchanging romantic relationship stories. Analyses centered on intimate positions, which constructed women as RISK-TAKING IN ADOLESCENTS WITH AND caring and emotionally vulnerable toward male WITHOUT INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY romantic partners, while distancing positions moved Nancy J. Smith, Dana M. O’Connor, Nicole M. women away from intimacy. We found that runs of Edwards University of California, Los Angeles intimacy positions were more prevalent in the women’s storytelling than in a companion study of Risk-taking is a primary cause of death for young men’s storytelling, confirming that women are adolescents (Topolski et al., 2001) and risky or generally less resistant than men with expressing delinquent behaviors may contribute to other intimacy. However, the most prevalent patterns were negative outcomes (Hirschfield & Gaspar, 2010). As saturated distancing and oscillations between a result of a more salient reward system paired with intimacy and distancing. These findings complicate less cognitive control, adolescent risk-taking is assumptions about women’s intimacy practices, and normative (Steinberg 2007). Additional cognitive suggest that working out romantic ambivalence and deficits may increase the likelihood of risky behaviors troubles are common for young adults regardless of for adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). This gender. is seen in Dekker et al.’s (2002) demonstration of [email protected] differences in delinquent behavior between typically developing (TD) adolescents and those with ID. MANIC MODERATORS: PROSOCIAL Ninety adolescents (20 ID, 70 TD) from the UCLA PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COGNITIVE Collaborative Family Study completed an online DISPOSITIONS BUFFER AGAINST DECLINES IN survey about risk-taking behavior at age 13. We used SATISCFACTION IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS t-test analyses to compare the ID and TD groups on WITH MANIC PARTNERS total risk-taking and delinquency behaviors, which Marc J. Weintraub consisted of subscales for risky behaviors, University of California, Berkeley delinquency, defiance and thrill-seeking. We found significant differences such that ID adolescents An extensive amount of research examines the ill demonstrated fewer total risk-taking behaviors, in effects of bipolar disorder for romantic relationships particular, ID adolescents scored lower on (e.g. Hunt, 2004; Lam, Donaldson, Brown, & delinquent, defiant, cheating, and thrill-seeking Malliaris, 2005), but almost no research has subscales. Our results may reflect diminished examined whether there are certain people who can opportunities to engage in risk-taking behavior, better cope with a bipolar partner. The two poles of possibly as a function of increased parental bipolar disorder are vastly different (DSM-IV-TR, supervision and less time spent with peers relative to 2000), and this paper concentrates on the role of TD adolescents. mania in romantic relationships. Specifically, I [email protected] examine whether romantic partners of people higher in manic symptoms (measured with the ASRM; DOES CROSS-CATEGORY INTERFERENCE Altman, Hedeker, Pederson, & Davis, 1997) who are INFLUENCE RETRIEVAL-INDUCED more agreeable and have a tendency to reappraise FORGETTING? emotional situations experience less declines in Laura B. Bartak, John F. Nestojko, & Robert A. Bjork satisfaction than partners who are lower in these University of California, Los Angeles traits. I also investigate whether people who are higher in agreeableness and reappraisal tendencies It is well established that retrieving information engage in behavioral indicators of relationship enhances its later recall. But a phenomenon known quality—namely, touch and laughter—as they interact as retrieval-induced forgetting (Anderson, Bjork, &

! 43 ! ! ! ! Bjork, 1994) shows that retrieval can deteriorate non- to controlling parenting. retrieved but related information. Inhibition theory [email protected] suggests that competition of information during retrieval results in suppression of unnecessary information (Storm, 2010). In an effort to manipulate THE STRUCTURE OF MOOD OF INDIVIDUALS competition during retrieval, this study used a novel WITH ALEXITHYMIA version of the retrieval-practice paradigm (Anderson Christine Hart et al., 1994) in which half of the participants received University of Florida a second category during practice. Instead of seeing a category plus 2-letter stem cue during retrieval, we Depending upon the individual, one of the three presented two categories simultaneously, then a 3- dimensions of emotion, valence, dominance, and letter stem cue that only fit one of the categories. We arousal, may be weighed more than the dimensions predicted the presence of a second category would when that individual gives meaning to emotion words increase competition—and resultant forgetting—due and when that individual describes his or her to added information available during retrieval, as emotional experience. Healthy controls tend to weigh compared to a one-category control. Preliminary data valence and arousal evenly when giving meaning to indicate a trend for forgetting in the control and an emotion words and tend to weigh valence more when elimination of forgetting in the two-category group. describing their emotional experience. Our study [email protected] asks how individuals with alexithymia, the inability to describe one’s emotional experience, weigh the three MATERNAL CONTROLLING BEHAVIOR AND dimensions of emotion when considering the both CHILD BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS: IS THE meaning of emotions and their emotional experience. RELATIONSHIP DIFFERENT FOR CHILDREN We expect to find that individuals with alexithymia will WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS? weigh the three dimensions the same when Barbara J. Caplan, Jessica C. Diep, Angela M. Lieu & considering the meaning of emotions and that they Peter T. Jackson will weigh arousal more when considering their University of California, Los Angeles emotional experiences.

Children with developmental delays (DD) are at [email protected] greater risk of developing behavior problems than their typically developing (TD) peers (de Ruiter et.al., 2007). Moreover, behavior problems in early LONG DISTANCE RELATIONSHIPS: EFFECTS ON childhood predict negative child outcomes (e.g. FEELINGS OF CLOSENESS, SECURITY, AND school failure; Campbell & Ewing, 1990). Thus, it is SEPARATION EFFECTS important to examine factors that may influence the Jennifer Zisa development of behavior problems in childhood. University of San Francisco Research highlights the impact of parent behavior on children’s developmental outcomes (e.g. Garstein & This study investigated associations between lack of Fagot, 2003). Parents of children with DD display interpersonal touch characteristic of long distance more controlling behavior than those of TD children adult romantic relationships and participants’ reports (Herman & Shantz, 1983). We examined the of closeness, security and separation effects. relationship between maternal control and Participants were 62 students at the University of San externalizing behaviors in DD and TD children. Francisco. It was hypothesized that individuals who Frequency and quality of parental controlling engaged in long distance relationships without a fully behavior either supporting the child’s goal (supportive developed bond would report lower levels of directiveness) or redirecting their focus (interference) closeness and feelings of security and fewer were coded during a free play task between parent separation effects compared to couples who had a and child at age 3. Surprisingly, preliminary analyses two year foundation prior to separation. An online (n=DD:32;TD:41) revealed no group differences survey was used to measure dependent variables. between controlling acts and parent reports of child Preliminary results were not significant, but were in externalizing behaviors. Within groups, however, the hypothesized direction. externalizing behavior correlated positively with [email protected] quantity and quality of interference in the DD group only. The correlation between controlling behavior and behavior problems in the DD group suggests that CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE children with DD may be more negatively responsive RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COGNITIVE

! 44 ! ! ! ! RESPONSES, AFFECT, AND DEPRESSIVE role of environmental risk factors such as fast food, SYMPTOMS fruit, vegetable and soda consumption, and perceived Cristina M. Cojocaru & Stephen Chen safety of neighborhood. University of California Berkeley [email protected]

This study examined the effects of different cultural ADHD SYMPTONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH values on the cognitive response tendencies REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS: INSIGHT INTO A associated with depression. Participants were given a SHARED INHIBITORY CONTROL DEFICIT battery of self-report questionnaires to assess their Shahrzad Goudarzi, Shirag Shemmassian, Steve Lee cultural values, cognitive response patterns to University of California, Los Angeles positive and negative affective states, ideal and actual affective tendencies, and past and current Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive symptoms. Specifically, this study characterized by developmentally inappropriate examined cultural differences in the use of brooding levels of inattention (IN) and/or responses to negative affect and dampening hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I), frequently involves responses to positive affect, as well as the cultural deficits in inhibitory control (IC) (Barkley, 1999). differences in the function of these responses toward Although IC is usually examined using laboratory depressive symptoms. The results suggest that measures (e.g. Stroop Task), repetitive behaviors people with Asian cultural values endorse higher (RB) are also sensitive to poor IC (Mosconi et al., levels of dampening, and have a stronger association 2009). Repetitive Behaviors refer to broad classes of between dampening and the experience of lifetime behavior linked by repetition, rigidity, invariance, and depressive symptoms. On the other hand, people inappropriateness and observed in array of with European American values have stronger developmental, psychiatric and neurological relationships between brooding and low-arousal disorders (Turner, 1999). RB problems influence a negative states as well as dampening and low- number of physical and psychological consequences, arousal positive states. The applications to clinical such as skin infections and lower self-evaluation work and future research are considered. (Woods et al., 2001), and are positively associated [email protected] with hyperactivity (Gabriel, 2004). We studied 102 children (M = 7.4; 66% boys) with/out (n = 52/50) PREVENTING DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR ADHD who are part of a larger study (n = 232). DISEASE IN AFRICAN AMERICANS IN LOS Parents rated ADHD using the DISC-IV (Shaffer et ANGELES COUNTY: AN EXAMINATION OF al., 2000) and RB were assessed using the RB Scale METABOLIC RISK FACTORS (Bodfish et al., 1999). Using Poisson regression, we Basak Julia Kanlilar, Derrick Lock, Vickie M. Mays, observed significant effects of ADHD IN (p = .01) and Ph.D., M.S.P.H., Susan D. Cochran, Ph.D., M.S. H/I (p = .002) symptoms on total RB and several sub- University of California, Los Angeles domains, over and above age, gender, IQ, and comorbid anxiety. These findings provide insight into The steadily increasing risk factors associated with a shared IC deficit between ADHD symptoms and RB metabolic syndrome among African Americans poses [email protected] a serious public health concern because of the increased likelihood of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. African Americans are twice as likely to TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE/ABUSE IN have diabetes and 30% more likely to die from heart AFRICAN AMERICANS IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY disease as compared to non-Hispanic White men 2000-2007: IMPLICATIONS FOR REDUCING (Grundy, 2008). The purpose of this study is to HEALTH DISPARITIES identify risk factors associated with metabolic Derrick Lock, Basak Julia Kanlilar, Vickie M. Mays, syndrome such as obesity/overweight and elevated Ph.D., M.S.P.H., Susan D. Cochran, Ph.D., M.S. blood pressure in high-risk individuals who may later University of California, Los Angeles develop cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Preliminary results from 4 waves of the biannual Los In African American adults, binge drinking is a Angeles County Health Survey (1999-2007) dataset significant risk factor for obesity (Ade, 2010). The indicate increases for obesity (24.2% to 29.2%), use/abuse of alcohol and tobacco can result in a overweight (34.8% to 37.9%), diabetes (8.6% to variety of diseases, including liver and cardiovascular 11.3%), and high blood pressure (28.3% to 38.7%) in diseases, and cancers. Among African American African Americans from 2000-2007. Analyses will be women, smoking was found to be correlated with less completed in order to determine relationships and the education, lower income, greater perceived stress,

! 45 ! ! ! ! and more frequent alcohol use (Webb, 2008). Data STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF from 4 waves of the biannual Los Angeles County STEREOTYPING ON SPONTANEOUS Health Survey (1999-2007) dataset examined DISCRIMINATORY BEHAVIOR tobacco use, binge drinking and chronic drinking in Selma Sehovic African Americans (N=7200). Results indicate that University of California, Berkeley African Americans had a slight increase (24.1% to The goal of the present research was to assess the 25.1%) in tobacco use over the period compared to effectiveness of training participants to systematically decreased tobacco use in Latinos, Whites, and negate an African American-violent stereotype on Asian/Pacific Islanders. Similarly, both binge drinking spontaneous discriminatory behavior. Participants (12.8% to 15.5%) and chronic alcohol use (3.3% to were randomly assigned to either an experimental 5.9%) exhibited an increase in occurrence from 2003 condition, in which they were trained to negate the through 2007, while Latinos, Whites, and stereotype that African Americans are violent, or a Asian/Pacific Islanders all exhibited decreases in control condition, in which they were trained to both categories. Results obtained from this study negate the stereotype that African Americans are could help the Los Angeles County of Public Health ignorant. Participants in both conditions were design population level interventions that could aid administered two Go/No-Go Association tasks to ethnic minority populations in decreasing risky measure the strength of participants’ race-crime behavior that would otherwise lead to detrimental stereotypic associations and their implicit motivation outcomes. to control prejudice. Participants’ implicit motivation to [email protected] control prejudice was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between the race-crime stereotype and subsequent behavior, via the “Shooter Task”. Finally, ASSOCIATION OF ADHD AND ANXIETY WITH a “Shooter Task” measuring unintended racial STRESS REACTIVITY discriminatory behavior followed. Results and Eric Chang, Larissa Padua, Michael Singer, Chris implications for the effectiveness of extensive training Schamber, Kathryn L. Humphreys, & Steve S. Lee in stereotype reduction on subsequent discriminatory University of California, Los Angeles behavior are discussed. [email protected] Previous research suggests that individuals differ in stress reactivity, and psychopathology may affect in this response (Rudolph & Klein, 2009; Horan et al., MANAGING MULTIPLE IDENTITIES: A DEEPER 2008). The current study examined whether ADHD LOOK INTO RETRIEVAL PROCESSES AND and anxiety symptoms, and their interaction, IDENTITY SALIENCE predicted physiological and subjective stress Jessica J. Tomory, Chuck Tate reactivity in 64 college-age participants. We San Francisco State University hypothesize higher physiological stress reactivity in anxious individuals than in individuals with ADHD The retrieval processes involved in the managing of (van West, 2010), and no significant difference in multiple identities are not well understood. One subjective stress reactivity between the groups possibility is that retrieving one identity facilitates the (Hirvikoski et al., 2010; de Rooij et al., 2010). other identity above baseline. A second possibility is Preliminary findings using hierarchical linear that the non-retrieved identity is inhibited below regressions indicated that anxiety, ADHD, and their baseline. A third possibility is no-effect on the non- interaction were not related to heart rate in stress retrieved identity compared to baseline. This conditions. However, for subjective ratings, the research seeks to understand which retrieval omnibus model with these predictors was significant, mechanism is employed when one identity (e.g., F(3,27)=3.88, p < .05. A significant interaction was gender identity) is salient over another (e.g., racial also found between anxiety and ADHD (p < .05), as identity). Reactions in a lexical decision task will anxiety was positively associated with stress serve as empirical evidence as to which dynamic is reactivity in individuals with high levels of reported being employed at time of identity retrieval. Three ADHD symptoms. These findings suggest that sets of words will be presented in the task which individuals with heightened ADHD and anxiety have been pilot tested to prime (a) race (not gender) symptoms are particularly prone to subjective stress (b) gender (not race) and (c) baseline (not priming reactivity, but not physiological reactivity. one identity over another). The pattern of reaction [email protected] times across words will be analyzed using a mixed- model ANOVA. Data are currently being collected. [email protected]

! 46 ! ! ! ! seek help from this character (rmovies = .203, p < SELF-ORIENTATION, PHYSICAL OLFACTORY .01; rtv = .174, p < .01), which consequently CUES AND GENDER ON PERSPECTIVE-TAKING influenced one’s self-stigma towards seeking help. AND EMPATHIC CONCERN FOR A FICTIONAL [email protected] CHARACTER Colton B. Christian & Jeffrey D. Whitaker “WE HAVE DIFFERENT CONNECTIONS”: CROSS- Southern Oregon University CULTURAL NETWORK STRUCTURE BETWEEN CHINESE AND AMERICAN PARTICIPANTS Brown (2010) examines mode of presentation and Yufang "Sabrina" Sun, Ishani Banerji, Eliot R. Smith prosocial behavior, demonstrating that the personal Indiana University Bloomington distress subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) is negatively correlated with the Research by Markus & Kitayama has shown that other subscales. The hypothesized reason for this people from Eastern and Western cultures have relationship is that the personal distress subscale different construals of the self, of others, and of the tends to be more related to a self-orientation towards interdependence of the two. The interdependent self empathy in comparison to the other subscales. Like construal of East Asians and the independent self- Brown, the current research examines mode of construal of North Americans have been shown to presentation (using physical olfactory cues) and self- contribute to different patterns of cognition, emotion, orientation towards empathy. Gender was also and motivation. (Heine, 2001; Markus & Kitayama, examined; thus, the design was a 2 (gender) x 2 1991) The current studies investigated the cross- (physical) x 2 (self-orienation towards empathy) cultural difference of social network connectivity between subjects design. ANOVAs demonstrated between Chinese and American participants. In main effects for gender (F(1, 50) = 7.109, p = .010, Study 1, Chinese and Americans participants were eta-squared = .114) and scent condition (F(1, 50) = asked to draw a diagram of their “social world“, and 4.701, p = .035, eta-squared = .075) on ratings of the structural and functional variables these diagrams intensity of perspective taking (PT); furthermore, a were coded and analyzed. Mean difference between main effect of scent on ratings of intensity of Chinese and American participants were found in empathic concern (EC) was also demonstrated, number of indicated indirect connections, person and F(1,50) = 9.132, p = .004, eta-squared = .150). relationship labels,as well as the boundary of self. In Finally, a statistically significant interaction between Study 2, participants were asked to specify the level of self-orienation, gender and presence or contact frequency and emotional attachment to their absence of scent on intensity of PT was 10 closest friends, and the connections among these demonstrated, F(7, 45) = 2.050, p = .069, eta- friends in a network matrix. Data are being actively squared = .242). Interactions and future research are collected at this point. The local parameters and discussed herein. global variables are to be coded and analyzed, partly [email protected] using network connectivity toolbox in Matlab. Predicted cross-cultural difference include the degree ON THE COUCH: PERSOB PERCEPTION AND of overlap between primary and task groups, the MEDIA INFLUENCES ON SELF-STIGMA OF relative ratio of strong and weak ties, the perceived SEEKING HELP centrality of the self relative to close others etc. Katelyn A. McDonald, Adam J. Modlin, Jonathan J. [email protected] Spencer, Julia A. Maier, Douglas A. Gentile Iowa State University IMPACT OF EXERCISE PARTNER ATRACTIVENESS ON MOOD, ENJOYMENT, AND Self-stigma of seeking help has been identified as an EXERTION important roadblock to seeking psychological help Thomas Favero, Jaclyn Rubbo, Sarah Gregg, Ashley (Corrigan, 2004). In this study, perceptions of Morisako, & Jessica Cuadra therapists were tested as predictors for self-stigma. Santa Clara University We examined the effects of the media, specifically; the portrayals of therapists in movies and television Social comparison theory examined if college shows to see whether or not these portrayals students exercising with a female confederate posing corresponded to real-world perceptions of therapists. as attractive or unattractive would alter mood, Results indicated for both movies and television exertion, and enjoyment. A total of 102 students (51 shows, perceptions of therapists was correlated with males, 51 females) were randomly assigned to one of the character’s portrayal (rmovies = .128, p < .05; rtv three conditions: biking alone, biking with an = .146, p < .05) and whether or not a person would attractive confederate, or biking with the same

! 47 ! ! ! ! confederate posing as unattractive. All participants UNINTENTIONAL PREJUDICE IN WHITE JURORS: were instructed to complete 20 minutes of exercise at THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY AND RACE-SALIENCE a comfortable pace. Standard exercise mood IN ATTRIBUTION OF GUILT measures were administered immediately prior to Tamunodiepriye Mercy Higgwe and immediately following exercise. Exercise work Dominican University of California load (i.e., bike speed and RPMs) was assessed throughout and enjoyment was measured In an ideal system, the race of a defendant would not immediately following exercise. Results indicate that affect juror verdicts. However, the reality is that race female participants reported being significantly more disparities continue to affect the outcome of verdicts. relaxed than male participants (especially in the low Race-salience (salient racial issues at trial) has been attractiveness condition; p’s < .05) as well as identified by scholars as an essential tool to reported less tension (p < .05). Participants reported understanding juridical biases in decision-making. the most enjoyment while in the control condition This study is designed to determine whether a unique exercising alone and the least enjoyment in the partiality exists wherein, by not wanting to be attractive confederate condition (p < .05). However, perceived as biased or prejudiced, jurors allocate no exertion differences emerged between harsher than necessary rulings. Participants experimental conditions (p’s > .05). Social consisted of approximately 116 students, who were comparison theory predicts exercise outcome such recruited through Classrooms and Facebook. that participants report less enjoyment when Students were given a link to the website Survey exercising with others (especially with the attractive Monkey where they were randomly assigned one of confederate) and females were more relaxed and four vignettes, in a 2 x 2 factorial design, with race less tense than males salience (race-salient or non-race salient) at 2 levels, [email protected] and race of the defendant (Black or White) on 2 levels. The verdict, attribution of blame and a THE EFFECT OF WORKLOAD ON ACADEMIC Semantic Differential will be used to examine the PERFORMANCE participants’ attitudes towards the defendants Frederick B. Raehl, Robert Short, Arthur Glenberg portrayed in the vignettes. Although data collection is Arizona State University complete, data analysis will be completed by March 31st 2011. It is predicted that when race is salient College freshmen taking 15-17 credit hours White jurors will award unduly harsher rulings to outperform those taking 12-13 credits (Szafran, 2001; White defendants than to African American Lavergne & Hargett, 2003). Though these findings defendants. are correlational, it seems probable that the amount [email protected] of work is a causal variable. To investigate this credit hour phenomenon, workload was manipulated (high ACHIEVING RETENTION: INVESTIGATING THE or low) by using reading comprehension and analogy EXPERIENCE OF MINORITY STUDENTS AT questions, hypothesizing that the high-work condition COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND UC BERKELEY would spend more time studying and would Sara L. Martinez outperform the low-work condition. Evidence for this University of California, Berkeley hypothesis was not supported; the low-work condition performed significantly better on the reading This research aims to understand which individual comprehension test than the high-work condition (F differences are beneficial or detrimental to the (1, 61) = 7.809, p = .007); there was no significant connection underrepresented students feel towards difference in study time between conditions (F (1, 61) their university. By collecting information about the = .207, p = .651). However, the original correlation traits of African-American students at Columbia found by Szafran (2001) and Lavergne & Hargett University and first-year Latino students at UC (2003) was replicated in a short survey the Berkeley, the study will explore which traits make participants completed at the end of the study (r = underrepresented students more likely to feel a .516, p = .041). Gender and intent to apply to medical sense of belonging to their University, thus or graduate school also showed to be important preventing thoughts of dropout. We will use multiple factors on academic performance. These findings are regressions to analyze several background measures discussed, as well as improvements for future designed to assess current connection to the studies. university, attitudes towards peers and professors [email protected] and interpersonal experiences. Results supported the hypothesis that Ethnic Identification plays a large role in how students navigate the system of higher

! 48 ! ! ! ! education. In the Columbia data set Ethnic This study investigates the correlation between Identification lowers thoughts of drop out when Facebook usage and relationship satisfaction and mediated by a measure of university pride. These jealousy. Previous research by Muise, Christofides & results, however, were not replicated in the UC Desmarais (2009) suggests that Facebook heightens Berkeley data set. Hypotheses as to why these feelings of relationship jealousy. This study aims to differences in Ethnic Identity occur will be discussed. replicate previous research and extend it in several [email protected] new directions: by comparing degrees of jealousy in both users and non-users of Facebook, and by looking at the relationship between Facebook usage and relationship satisfaction. We will use a survey to collect data from college students. The population of A MULTIDIMENSIONAL LOOK AT THE ROLE OF college students is the ideal sample because TIMING ON APOLOGY EFFICACY Facebook is primarily used by the millennial Karen S. Chang, Ryan S. Darby, & Christine R. generation. We hypothesize that those who do not Harris use Facebook will have higher ratings of relationship University of California, San Diego satisfaction compared to those who do use Facebook; and Facebook users will have a higher The role of apologies in promoting forgiveness after level of jealousy in their close relationships than an interpersonal transgression carries physiological those who do not use Facebook. We also as well as psychological significance. In addition to hypothesize that the length of time spent on alleviating the interpersonal situation and Facebook correlates with heightened jealousy and encouraging personal well-being, the presence of an decreased relationship satisfaction. This study will apology helps systolic blood pressure increased by provide new insight into how social networking in the transgression recover more quickly (Anderson et online contexts may impact the quality of individuals’ al., 2006). Despite the important implications that close relationships outside the digital realm. apologies hold, a closer look at the components [email protected] which make an apology most effective is scant. One critical component that may shed light on the nature NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AS A MEDIATOR OF of apologies is when the apology is offered. Frantz MORALITY SALIENCE AND CULTURALLY and Bennigson (2005) found later apologies to be CHARACTERISTIC CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR more effective than earlier ones by using personal Karen C. L. Pooh recall and scenario methodologies; however, to our Nanyang Technological University knowledge, no attempts to experimentally manipulate the timing of an apology have been made. The Past studies have addressed the impact of mortality present study aims to add real-world value to this salience (MS) on in-group identification (Castano, question by implementing a live harassment task Yzerbyt, Paladino, & Sacchi, 2002) and materialism modeled after Earle et al. (1999), followed by an (Kasser & Sheldon, 2000) respectively. However, no apology offered either immediately, delayed, or not at existing research has combined the concepts of MS, all, while measuring efficacy along 3 dimensions of in-group identification and materialism. Thus, this forgiveness (cardiovascular reactivity and recovery, study utilizes a mediation model to examine national affect, and cognitions). The novelty of the study gives identification as a process that mediates the effect of us competing hypotheses: an immediate, delayed, MS on culturally characteristic consumer behaviour and no apology could each be plausibly more using Singaporean undergraduates (N = 52) from effective in facilitating forgiveness. Nanyang Technological University. Kiasuism, the [email protected] obsession with maximizing every transaction, is a consumer behaviour characteristic of Singaporeans (Hwang, Ang, & Francesco, 2002). Participants were Linguistics Courtyard first primed with either death- or non death-related thoughts, and then asked to rate the extent of their FACEBOOK AND ITS EFFECT ON RELATIOSHIP own identification with Singapore. Finally, they rated SATISFACTION AND JEALOUSY AMONG the extent to which they would engage in culturally COLLEGE STUDENTS characteristic consumer behaviour. As MS did not Lindsay T.M.M.S. Kido, Dr. Brandy N. Frazier and Dr. have an effect on culturally characteristic consumer Leonidas Alexander Doumas behaviour, the mediation model was not supported. University of Hawai'i at Manoa Limitations and possible confounds of the study are discussed and future studies proposed. Practical and

! 49 ! ! ! ! theoretical implications are also discussed. and social network mass-messaging. We analyzed [email protected] the data using a chi square test to compare and determine the most effective method of recruitment. IDENTITY AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN LATINO We found that recruitment through the social STUDENTS networking site Facebook was the most effective Stacy Morris, Christina Favela-Garcia, Cynthia method, with 37% of those recruited taking the Martinez, Ana Romero survey. Mass emails to class lists were the next most Santa Clara University effective method, followed by face-to-face recruiting and classroom presentations. These findings were We examined the association between cultural statistically significant at p < .01. For researchers identity and academic motivation among Latino that are looking for a diverse sample, Facebook students. We administered surveys to reveal would be a quick, inexpensive and efficient method of conscious attitudes and beliefs and conducted recruiting. computer-administered Implicit Attitudes Test (IAT) to [email protected] measure subconscious associations between success and culture. Our sample groups included 40 INTERPERSONAL REACTIVITY MODERATES Latino college students and 84 Latino urban high REACTIONS TO RACIALLY AND EMOTIONALLY school students. In both samples, the survey DIFFERENTIAL FACIAL STIMULI indicated a positive association between high cultural Jeffrey D. Whitaker & Colton B. Christian identity and academic motivation. However, the IAT Southern Oregon University results suggested that the college students strongly related the idea of success to being Caucasian; the Previous research has investigated the presentation high school students were less likely to associate of racially and emotionally differential facial stimuli. success with being Caucasian. The present study sought to utilize measures of interpersonal reactivity (IR) to determine how such We offer two interpretations of our results. First, they parameters would affect reactions to the stimuli. may indicate that the higher levels of acculturation Participants (n=106) were recruited and presented among the college sample have produced a more with one of four photographs. Said photographs stereotypical implicit association between success depicted either an African American or a Caucasian and Caucasian culture than we found in the high male who was either neutral of expression or angry of school sample. Second, it may be that the expression. Participants then provided responses differences between the high school and college gauging their emotional reaction to the photos, samples pattern of implicit associations is attributable detailed their demographic information, and to the relative status of each group within their completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, respective schools. In the college sample, Latinos 1983). Results indicate that those individuals who are a minority of the population whereas the high scored higher in empathic concern (EC) and were school sample came from a majority-Latino school. provided angry facial stimuli would be less likely to Both hypotheses will be explored in our presentation. trust the individual depicted and reported that they [email protected] would feel far less safe around said individual. However, there was no such effect for those SURVEYING RECRUITING: DETERMINING individuals who scored low in EC. In addition, other EFFECTIVE METHODS subscale measures of IR were utilized. Results, Darren Hansen, Josh Bishop, Chantelle Whiting, DJ limitations, and suggestions for future research are Steffensen discussed herein. Brigham Young University [email protected]

Recruitment is an essential part of any research study, especially in a university setting and studies LEARNING MECHANISMS FOR ACQUIRING that involve surveys. The purpose of this study was KNOWLEDGE OF TONALITY IN MUSIC to determine the most effective methods of Rikka Quam, Matthew Rosenthal, & Erin E. Hannon recruitment in a university setting for administering a Sierra Nevada College survey. We administered the same survey using four different methods of recruitment. These include the To investigate how gender affects incidental, long- classical methods of face-to-face recruitment with term memory, participants viewed a slide show of 40 fliers and classroom presentations, and the more words; 20 female-stereotypical and 20 male- contemporary methods of mass emails to class lists stereotypical. Each word was displayed for 3

! 50 ! ! ! ! seconds. Instructions were given to visualize each curvy/angular (r=.23), open/closed(r=.35), word. Participants completed a series of simple, balanced/unbalanced (r=.20), spacious/cramped intermittent, mathematical tasks to eliminate short- (r=.24), and simple/complex (r=.30). These results term memory and distract them from the purpose of suggest that the associations between colors and the study. Participants were asked to recall, in graphemes in non-synesthetes might be mediated, in writing, as many words as possible from the word list. part, by underlying emotional associations. 81 undergraduate students, aged 18 to 25, [email protected] participated. Using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, a significant difference was found for female recall of PASSIVE LISTENING TO MUSIC ENGAGES female-stereotypical words (p = 0.003). There was EXECUTIVE CONTROL no significant difference for male recall of male- Atushi Kikumoto & Ulrich Mayr stereotypical words (p = 0.169). A pilot study was University of Oregon conducted prior to the experiment to assess the gender-stereotypical value of individual words. The Why does music act on us? This might be partially 20 highest rankings for both male and female- accounted by the structural similarities between the stereotypical words were used in the experiment. A hierarchical organization of thematic changes in potential explanation for the pattern of results (i.e., music and complex action patterns, because they gender-stereotyped memory in females but not both require the continuous updating of working males) is the female-stereotypical words were ranked memory contents. Thus, in both domains, we engage as more gender-stereotypical than the male- maintaining processes ––in the midst of music theme stereotypical words. or coherent actions––and reconfiguring processes–– [email protected] during changes in melody or switches in action sequences. To test this idea, we investigated how COLOR-GRAPHEME ASSOCIATIONS IN NON- task-unrelated, background music pieces influences SYNESTHETES: EVIDENCE OF EMOTIONAL switch costs. In an alternating-runs task-switching MEDIATION paradigm, task sequence (A-A-B-B) was set to Christopher Lau, Karen B. Schloss, & Stephen E. change task demands every 4000ms. Subjects were Palmer simultaneously exposed to irrelevant background University of California, Berkeley music, which was based on continuously sequenced 6000ms music pieces consisting thematically Previous research has shown that non-synesthetes coherent units. This successive transition of music have systematic associations between colors and pieces, “music switch”, was temporarily synchronized graphemes. In the present study we investigated with the task sequence, which produced task switch whether color-grapheme associations might be and no-switch trials in music-intermediate (MI) and mediated by the emotional associations of the music-transition conditions (MT) (A-A-B-B-A-A-B-B- graphemes and the colors. First, participants were A-A-B-B#). We found that switch costs were presented with the 26 uppercase letters of the Latin- substantially reduced for MT trials -music switches based alphabet and 10 Arabic numerals (Helvetica coincided task switches––compared to MO trials–– font), one at a time, beside an array of the 37 music switches did not coincide task switches–– Berkeley Color Project (BCP) colors (Palmer & suggesting that even the appreciation of irrelevant Schloss, 2010). Their task was to select the five background music requires the similar mechanism of colors that were most consistent with the grapheme updating working memory also used when presented, followed by the five colors that were least intentionally switching action plans. consistent (as in Schloss, et al. (VSS-08) for color- [email protected] music associations and Xu, et al. (VSS-10) for color- face associations). Next, participants rated each of the colors and graphemes along the following EXERCISE AND TEST SCORES emotional dimensions: happy/sad, strong/weak, Taryn M. Hair active/passive, and good/evil. The emotional content Sierra Nevada College of the graphemes was significantly correlated with the emotional content of the colors that were associated Recent studies show psychological benefits of with the graphemes for the happy/sad, (r=.64), exercise in older and younger individuals (Hillman, strong/weak (r=.52), active/passive (r=.46), and Erickson, & Cramer, 2008). Hillman et al. (2008) good/evil (r=.51) dimensions. Participants also rated showed improvement in cognitive performance on the colors and graphemes along several visual perceptual, verbal and mathematical tasks. My first dimensions that were more weakly associated: study investigated whether exercising immediately

! 51 ! ! ! ! before a test would impact performance. 58 Sierra MULTIPLE-CHOICE TESTS PROTECT NON- Nevada College undergraduates aged 18-25 were TESTED INFORMATION FROM RETRIEVAL- randomly assigned to the exercise or non-exercise INDUCED FORGETTING group. The exercise group completed a 15-minute Rachel Older, Jeri Little, & Elizabeth L. Bjork exercise routine accompanied by music. The non- University of California, Los Angeles exercise group listened to the same music for 15- minutes while sitting. Participants in each group, While it is known that testing can facilitate recall of then, completed a 50-question sample from the the tested information, there is a flipside to this effect: Civics portion of the U.S. Naturalization Test (USCIS, recall of non-tested information can actually be 2011). An independent-samples t-test showed no impaired by the test. Cued-recall tests have been significant difference in test performance between shown to inhibit later recall of related — and therefore exercise and non-exercise groups (p=.340). A competing — non-tested information, in a process correlational study is currently underway to examine called Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (RIF). However, the impact of maintenance exercise habits vs. in the present experiment we demonstrate that immediate exercise (initial experiment) on test multiple choice tests can protect information from performance. Participants will complete a RIF. Participants studied two passages about two questionnaire indicating their exercise pattern over different subjects, and then took a test on some of the past 3 months. Operational definitions of various the information from one of the passages — this exercise frequencies will be used to categorize initial test was either a multiple choice or a cued- participants into frequent and infrequent exercise recall test. Participants later took a final cued-recall groups. Participants will complete the test used in the test, with questions regarding previously tested and previous study. Results will be compiled, compared non-tested but related information from the tested across groups and reported at the conference. passage, as well as questions regarding information [email protected] from the non-tested passage. We found that taking an initial multiple choice test protected non-tested, related information from the kind of forgetting that TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING OF DEFORESTATION occurred in the cued-recall condition. AND THE FUTURE [email protected] Denise M. Kennedy California State University, East Bay CASUAL EXPLANATIONS: THE ROLES OF MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES AND DISCOUNTING Our research explores temporal discounting in Jennifer Milazzo, Edward Munnich regards to the environmental risk of deforestation University of San Francisco over long periods of time. First, information concerning the problems of deforestation was What causes teen pregnancy? We conducted an presented to each participant. The range of potential experiment on individuals’ beliefs on the causes of tree damage was manipulated in a within subject changes in social behaviors (e.g., recent decrease in context shift and between subjects context order. teen pregnancy) and how these beliefs affect For example, in one set of stimuli the potential forest people’s willingness to take an action (e.g., give damage ranged from 15% to 50%. In the second advice to a cousin about contraception). The study is context, the damage ranged from 25% to 90% of the a semi-replication of Hagmayer and Sloman’s (2009) forests. For another group, the time frame for these experiment, which found that when individuals are environmental problems was manipulated and provided with direct causal explanations for statistical ranged from 2 yrs to 50 yrs in one condition and from patterns over incidental causal explanations, an 25 to 100 yrs in a second condition. Participant’s action would more likely be taken. In order to closely rated their level of concern, their willingness to consider those who integrate causes, a second donate money, and their willingness to boycott condition was presented in which participants companies causing the problem. Our results are received the same items, but with reversed causal discussed in relation to Parducci’s Range Frequency explanations (i.e., the direct cause and incidental Theory and temporal discounting principles. This cause were inverted for conditions). When information could be useful in promoting participants were asked about teen pregnancy, some environmental awareness. participants integrated multiple causal explanations-- [email protected] supporting a multiple perspectives hypothesis--but most focused on one of the causes we suggested-- supporting a discounting hypothesis. We discuss the roles of emotional salience and personal relevance in

! 52 ! ! ! ! regard to when people consider multiple each method in 2 separate sessions. In a final perspectives. session, spelling performance was tested. We found [email protected] that students learned more using the traditionally quizzing method, which is consistent with previous literature suggesting the benefits of testing for CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION THRESHOLD IN learning (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). We also found VIDEO GAME PLAYERS that students expressed a preference for the James A. Williams, Vanessa Cottingham, Martyna traditional quizzing method over the rainbow writing Sawicka, Steve Holloway method. These results suggest that teaching University of Oregon methods which offer children choices are not necessarily better. In 2010 it was estimated by the Entertainment Software Association that sixty-seven percent of [email protected] American households engage in playing computer and video games. Due to the world wide popularity of video games and their obvious interactions with YOUNG TODDLERS USE MORAL EVALUATIONS the visual system it is important to examine the TO GUIDE THEIR HELPING BEHAVIOR effects of extended video game playing on the visual Rachel K. Schuck system. Flicker fusion is the point at which a University of California, Berkeley flickering light appears to be solid. Historically critical flicker fusion threshold (CFF) has been used as an Our moral evaluations of social situations affect how overall general measure of visual perception, has we treat others. Witnessing a moral transgression will been shown to be related to motion processing, and make us negatively inclined toward the transgressor, is known to be stable over time. This study was while witnessing a moral deed will make us more designed to assess the relation between hours of positively inclined toward the benefactor (e.g. playing video games and the degree of change in Wedekind & Milinski, 2000). Even when we are not CFF. Results showed that participants who played personally involved in a situation, these feelings may video games four hours or more a week had incite us to take action, often in the form of helping. significantly higher CFF thresholds as compared to This study investigated young toddlers' preferential those who played fewer hours. These results imply helping behavior after observing a morally-laden that video game play may affect a person’s ability to interaction. Children aged 21-23 months and 25-27 process visual information and may result in higher months witnessed a game, during which a neutral levels of overall visual performance. experimenter rolled balls with two other [email protected] experimenters: one who rolled the ball back and one who took the ball for herself. Later, children had the EVALUATING EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES USED opportunity to help either experimenter. Both groups TO TEACH SPELLING looked longer at trials in which the non-reciprocator Cristina Zepeda was playing. Children in the older group preferred to University of California, San Diego help the reciprocator, while the younger group had no preference. In both groups, helping behavior was Educational practices have moved towards teaching positively related to parental reports of helping. This materials in creative new ways; however, they have study demonstrates that even very young children not empirically demonstrated whether these methods coordinate their moral evaluations with their helping are better than the traditional methods. Spelling is preferences. Furthermore, the study demonstrates one area of instruction where teachers have the need for supplementing looking-time with experimented with new methods to try to foster behavioral measures in research on early moral greater learning and interest. In this study, we development. examine a recently popular form of creative spelling practice called "rainbow writing" in which students [email protected] trace over words multiple times using different colored crayons of their choice. We compared this THE NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF EMOTIONAL method to the more traditional method of quizzing in MAINTENANCE: AN fMRI STUDY which an instructor reads out spelling words while the Maria Lemus, Christian Waugh, Ian Gotlib students write them out and later correct their University of Oregon answers. Fourteen children between the ages of 7 and 8 each learned one list of spelling words using

! 53 ! ! ! ! Previous research examining emotion in the brain HT2AR and the activation of the 5-HT2CR on has largely focused on the initial generation of an locomotor activity. Dose-response curves were used emotional state, ignoring subsequent temporal in the first experiment to identify sub-threshold doses dynamics of emotional experience. Using functional of both drugs. In the second experiment, sub- magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a threshold doses were injected simultaneously as a specialized analysis technique, this project aims to cocktail and locomotor activity of the rats was explore the areas of the brain that are associated measured. Finally, the ability of the drug combination with the maintenance of an emotional state over time. to mediate cocaine-induced locomotion was My hypothesis is that although the initial generation measured. This experiment is the first to demonstrate of an emotional state will be associated with that sub-threshold doses, while normally ineffective at activation in limbic areas like the amygdala and decreasing locomotor activity, interact to produce a insula, maintenance of emotion will be associated significant attenuation of spontaneous and cocaine- with activation in areas that have been previously induced locomotion. These findings suggest that implicated in self-referential thought - the orbitofrontal antagonism of the 5-HT2AR paired with agonism of and medial frontal cortices. Significant implications of the 5-HT2CR interact to produce an even greater this research include increasing our understanding of effect on locomotion than if each receptor were the neural substrates of emotional experience, and individually targeted. These findings could be used to illuminating mechanisms underlying the maintenance further explore the converging effects of 5-HTRs in of emotion, which is often dysregulated in people with the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway as well as the affective disorders. interaction of these two receptors in relation to *Will have concrete results by the second week of cocaine addiction. April [email protected] [email protected] KETAMINE RECOVERY TIME PREDICTS ALCOHOL INTAKE IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUND A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS OF THE RHESUS MACAQUES (MACACA MULLATTA) HAZARDOUS DRINKING GAMES MEASURE Bobbi S. Padro, Andrea N. Sorenson, John P. (HDGM): A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASURE OF Campitanio, & James D. Higley DRINKING GAME BEHAVIORS Brigham Young University & University of California, Zoe A. Zadworny & Byron L. Zamboanga Davis Smith College Ketamine is an anesthetic used in animal research [email protected] and human clinical cases. Its neurological profile is similar to alcohol, with both acting on NMDA receptors. Ketamine also shows cross-tolerance with EFFECTS OF TEACHING METHODS ON alcohol. We looked at the change in ketamine LEARNING recovery time (time to sit up) between an initial dose Jerry J. Jurisprudencia, PhD, Alyssa Dia S. and the average of a second and third dose and its Villamayor, Carmen Lloyd L. Rojas, Jade Grajeda, relationship to alcohol consumption. Olivia A. Cabusora,& Rachelle Anne G. Santos Subjects were 15 adolescent male rhesus macaques. California State University, East Bay Each was exposed to ketamine three times prior to [email protected] introduction to alcohol. They were then exposed to a palatable alcohol solution two hours a day, five days a week for five weeks. When controlling for weight OPPOSING ROLES OF SEROTONIN 2A AND 2C and amount of ketamine given, a correlation was RECEPTORS ON SPONTANEOUS AND COCAINE- found between change in ketamine recovery time and INDUCED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY alcohol consumption. Change in ketamine recovery Anthony Berger, Lara Pockros, Nathan Pentkowski, time was significantly correlated with all five weeks of Janet Neisewander alcohol intake (r=.763, .717, .710, p<.05, n=15; Arizona State University r=.929, .889, p<.01, n=11), with changes in recovery time showing a positive correlation with alcohol The serotonin (5-HT) 2A and 2C receptor (R) intake. This indicates that the change in tolerance subtypes have previously been implicated in the build up after repeated experiences with ketamine is modulation of cocaine-induced behaviors, including predictive of alcohol consumption, and that the locomotor activity. The present study investigated a change in tolerance after repeated exposure to possible interaction between the blockade of the 5-

! 54 ! ! ! ! NMDA agents can be used as a measure of Nicotine in humans, and help us to eventually find a alcoholism susceptibility. cure to cigarette smoking [email protected] [email protected]

THE WHOLE NUMBER BIAS IN FRACTION EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC NICOTINE MAGNITUDE COMPARISONS WITH ADULTS ON GABA NEURONS IN MIDBRAIN VENTRAL Melissa DeWolf TEGMENTAL AREA Carnegie Mellon University Poromendro Burman University of Utah The current study examines the extent to which the We evaluated the effects of acute and chronic NIC whole number bias, especially whole number (Nicotine) on GAD-67 positive neurons in the VTA ordering, can interfere with adult understandings of (Ventral Tegmental Area) of GAD67 (Glutamate fractions. Using the framework theory approach to Decarboxylase-67) GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) conceptual change as outlined by Vosniadou (2007; mice using in vivo experiments. Acute systemic NIC Vosniadou, Vamvakoussi & Skopeliti, 2008), this (0.15-0.5 mg/kg IV) had mixed overall effects on VTA study supports the idea that initial concepts formed in GABA neuron firing rate. Local NIC activation was childhood can have lasting effects into adulthood. blocked by systemic administration of Twenty-eight CMU undergraduates participated in a mecamylamine. Compared to 12 day chronic saline fraction magnitude comparison task. Half of the injections, chronic NIC injections (2 mg/kg IP/day) fraction comparisons were designed with the larger significantly increased VTA GABA neuron firing rate. fraction consistent with whole number ordering; the These findings demonstrate that there is reciprocal other half were inconsistent with this ordering. innervation between the PPT (Pedunculopontine Comparisons in the consistent condition had the Tegmental Area) and VTA and that cholinergic input larger magnitude fraction have larger whole number from the PPT is excitatory on VTA GABA neurons. parts than the opposing fraction. Comparisons in the Moreover, VTA GABA neurons are excited by acute inconsistent condition were the opposite. Participants NIC and sensitize to chronic NIC, suggesting that were more accurate and faster to respond to !4$2 nAChR subunits on these neurons may play an comparisons in the consistent condition, supporting important role in the adaptations to chronic NIC. the hypothesis that an initial concept of number as Thus, quantitative molecular studies are ongoing to natural number constrains operations with fractions determine specific alterations in nAChRs on VTA even in adults. GABA neurons to chronic NIC. This will in turn give us a better understanding of the neural mechanism of [email protected]

! 55 ! ! ! ! Board of Directors

Executive Director: Rebecca Johnson B.A. (with honors) in Psychology (expected 2011)

Associate Directors: Directors of Abstract Reviewing: Niki Gumport B.A. in Psychology (expected 2011) Jessica Lee B.A. in Psychology (received 2010)

Director of Finances: Asli Osyar

Directors of Logistics: Nina Brener-Hellmund Casey Finch

Director of Marketing: Larissa Muramoto

Abstract Reviewers: • John Lyman • Rupa Mahajan • Christine Khademi • Maria Lemus • Alyssa Dougherty • Claire Negiar • Peter Iliassov • Leonardo Zhang • Christine Huang • Cissy Yang • Steven Crane • Danielle Levi • Sara Leslie • Laura Griffiths

Many thanks to the following people for their invaluable contributions to SUPC: Roz Grayson: Stanford University Department of Psychology Receptionist George Slavich, Ph.D.: SUPC Founder and Executive Director, 2001 Adriana Miu, M.A.: SUPC Executive Director,2010

! 56 ! ! ! !

Map of Jordan Hall

! !"#

! 57 ! ! ! !