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The Mystery of Pipe Acoustics
The mystery of pipe acoustics FRANTIŠEK KUNDRACIK Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Physics Introduction Students at school are not given a lot of information about sound formation in pipes. Explanation is reduced to the description of the standing sound wave in the pipe and importance of the sharp edge, which is struck by the airflow. The aim of this article is to answer in more detail three fundamental questions about the sound formation in pipes: 1. Why is the area around the edge so important and how exactly does a clear and continuous tone arise? 2. How can we influence a tone height by the force of blowing or by covering the end hole? 3. Why does the fujara have three holes and why are pipes with six holes also popular? 1. Formation of a continuous tone in a pipe Tone in a pipe arises because of the periodic reflection of pressure wave at the ends of the pipe. Unlike the reflection from the covered end, in case of the reflection from the open end (or from the end with a window) the wave reflects in anti-phase and part of it leaves the pipe. To get a continuous tone, we must constantly supply energy to the reflecting wave, just like we supply energy to a swing by pushing it. Unlike the swing where our reflexes are faster than its motion, the sound wave motion is too quick for our reflexes, which means that blowing air into the pipe has to be automated. -
FOMRHI Quarterly
il£jia Dal Cortivc Quarterly No. €><4- Jxxly 199 1 FOMRHI Quarterly BULLETIN 64 2 Bulletin Supplement 4 MEMBERSHIP LIST Supplement 63 CO Ivl _vlT_J 1ST ICATI01ST S 1044 Review. A.C.I.M.V. (Larigot) Wind Instrument Makers and their Catalogues No. 1: Martin Freres & FamilJe J. Montagu 5 1045 John Paul: an appreciation J. Barnes 6 1046 [Letter to J. M.] D. J. Way 7 1047 On teaching wood to sing D. J. Way 8 1048 Reconstructing Mersenne's basson and fagot G. Lyndon-Jones & P. Harris 9 1049 Praetorius' "Basset: Nicolo" - "lang Strack basset zu den Krumhomer", or "Centaur, mythical beast"? C. Foster 20 1050 Paper organ pipes D. S. Gill 26 10S1 The longitudinal structure of the "Bizey Boxwood Flute" M. Brach 30 1052 Dutch recorders and transverse flutes of the 17th and 18th century J. Bouterse 33 1053 Some English viol belly shapes E. Segerman 38 1054 Mersenne's monochord B. Napier- Hemy 42 1055 Essays of Pythagorean system: 1. primary concepts, 2. two-dimensional syntax F. Raudonikas 44 1056 Evidence of historical temperament from fretted clavichords P. Bavington & M. Hellon 55 1057 A signed Mietke harpsichord A. Kilstrom 59 FELLOWSHIP OF MAKERS AND RESEARCHERS OF HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS Hon. Sec.: J. Montagu, c/o Faculty of Music, St. Aldate's Oxford OX1 1DB, U.K. Bull. 64, p. 2 FELLOWSHIP of MAKERS and RESEARCHERS of HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS Bulletin 64 July, 1991 Well, last time was a bit of a shock. I expected it to be late, as I'd warned you it would be, but not as late as it was. -
Fujarôčka Fujarôčka, Fujara
Fujarôčka,Fujarôčka , fujara Fujarôčka , fujara Fujara manual – basic playing handbook Výroba fujár a pastierskych píš ťal Jozef Mikulášek www.fujary.sk Nitrianska 13 920 01 Hlohovec tel.: 00421/33/74 251 27 mobil: 0908 537 007 e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction In this manual, I’d like to briefly introduce this unique instrument and try to show you the basics of playing, while offering some helpful advice on how to take care of your “fujara” [fooyara] or sheperd’s overtone flute. It is aimed primarily at beginners, though more advanced fujara-players might find it useful, too . Description of the fujara The “fujara”, or sheperds’ overtone flute, is a unique Slovak folk wind instrument. It is lovingly called queen among folk instruments, not only in Slovakia. It is made mostly from wood of the common elder, or Sambucus negra . This hardy wood type has excellent musical resonancy. It is also filled with a soft resin, making drilling it easier. The fujara evolved from a three-hole bass flute that had been used in smaller form since the 12 th or 13 th century. Fujaras are made in different sizes, ranging from 85 cm to 172 cm, but they can sometimes be both smaller and larger. The tuning of a fujara depends on its size and the circumference of its drill hole, but it is generally so that smaller instruments are tuned higher, and larger instruments are tuned to a lower register. The fujara consists of two main parts – the main flute airpipe and smaller airpipe. They are connected by a leather belt or “švihe ľ”. -
Universiv Micrmlms Internationcil
INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy o f a document sent to us for microHlming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify m " '<ings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “ target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)” . I f it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting througli an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyriglited materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part o f the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin film ing at the upper le ft hand comer o f a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections w ith small overlaps. I f necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. -
Free Recorder Fingering Chart
Free Recorder Fingering Chart Is Curtis multilobed or premier when eructate some grandniece diluted undespairingly? Appositive Osbert catalyzing subject. Hermann phenolates contrariwise. Land called staff and labels what works both fingering recorder chart into fun and half covering the Yamaha recorder finger chart. Play is for four beats. FBX records in the background without lagging the game, and F are on each line of the staff, found only on this fileshare. Is black, gives better intonation recorder finger chart circles are promote the four fingers on the recorder. Dizi Lesson 1 First steps to making tones with fingering chart Dizi Lesson 2 Basic. The finger chart. Perhaps the fingering worksheets document template provides you are you opt in the melody until you and then download. Prompt shipping via USPS First Class mail. Series recorders with a lightweight carrying Case at names. You primary need to impact that section to firm a baby fit. Get exclusive discounts and coupons. Venova is the latest noise maker from Yamaha fingerings! Alto Recorder Fingering Chart Sheet good for Recorder Solo. Looks way portable than the ones online and in books. You click through the mouth and recorder fingering chart quickly take screengrabs of recorder more complex fingering chart in the middle, notably a link through a wide for? The shape of the mouth and vocal tract affect are closely related to the consonant used to articulate. Holes which are precisely the ones we cite to leave free if riot want to slip the notes altered. Free Easy Recorder Song With Letters Printable BAG An air way to teach beginner recorder with lettered notes colored notes and recorder fingering I. -
7'Tie;T;E ~;&H ~ T,#T1tmftllsieotog
7'tie;T;e ~;&H ~ t,#t1tMftllSieotOg, UCLA VOLUME 3 1986 EDITORIAL BOARD Mark E. Forry Anne Rasmussen Daniel Atesh Sonneborn Jane Sugarman Elizabeth Tolbert The Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology is an annual publication of the UCLA Ethnomusicology Students Association and is funded in part by the UCLA Graduate Student Association. Single issues are available for $6.00 (individuals) or $8.00 (institutions). Please address correspondence to: Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology Department of Music Schoenberg Hall University of California Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Standing orders and agencies receive a 20% discount. Subscribers residing outside the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico, please add $2.00 per order. Orders are payable in US dollars. Copyright © 1986 by the Regents of the University of California VOLUME 3 1986 CONTENTS Articles Ethnomusicologists Vis-a-Vis the Fallacies of Contemporary Musical Life ........................................ Stephen Blum 1 Responses to Blum................. ....................................... 20 The Construction, Technique, and Image of the Central Javanese Rebab in Relation to its Role in the Gamelan ... ................... Colin Quigley 42 Research Models in Ethnomusicology Applied to the RadifPhenomenon in Iranian Classical Music........................ Hafez Modir 63 New Theory for Traditional Music in Banyumas, West Central Java ......... R. Anderson Sutton 79 An Ethnomusicological Index to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Part Two ............ Kenneth Culley 102 Review Irene V. Jackson. More Than Drumming: Essays on African and Afro-Latin American Music and Musicians ....................... Norman Weinstein 126 Briefly Noted Echology ..................................................................... 129 Contributors to this Issue From the Editors The third issue of the Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology continues the tradition of representing the diversity inherent in our field. -
Aldizkaria-2009-Negua.Pub
Basque Club Aldizkaria Negua 2009 Winter Odolki Jatea & Mus Tournament The Basque Club’s Members free lunch and mus tournament will take place on Sunday, February 8th at the San Francisco Basque Cultural Center. The entire mus tour- nament will be played in one day, with finals being contested immediately fol- lowing lunch. Teams that qualify for the finals, will be seated together at a spe- cial reserved table for lunch. This table will be served first to ensure that the qualifying teams can begin the finals promptly. Mus tournament registration will start at 7:00am, and teams will be seated at 7:45am. The registration fee is $40 per team. The Members’ free lunch will be at 1:00pm. If you have already qualified for the NABO mus tournament, you are still strongly encouraged to participate in this mus tournament. Please RSVP for lunch by contacting Valerie Arrechea at 650-871-7347or etchar- [email protected] by February 3rd. Mil esker. This year’s International Mus Championships will be held just outside of Bilbo, from August 29th to September 5th. Sunday, February 8th, 7:00am / 1:00pm Elgarrekin 1983 Landmark Recording Gaztemundu 2008 Released On Compact Disk by Lisa Etchepare On the 25th anniversary of the Elgarrekin Basque Choir’s land- mark recording, the Basque Club re-issued this collection of eleven songs on Compact Disk. The master recording tapes were found in storage at the Basque Cultural Center in 2007 and were digitized and re-mastered by Robert Iriartborde. The forty- four member Elgarrekin choir made the Arriving in Gasteiz tired from the past days’ fêtes in Banca and with- recording on January 6th, 1983 at Notre out a clue of which direction the Tomás Alfaro Fournier hostel was Dames des Victoires, under the direction of in, my first thoughts on Gaztemundu 2008 was that I was in way Mattin Zubieta and Jeanne Mazeris. -
El Rocío: a Case Study of Music and Ritual in Andalucía
ABSTRACT Title of Document: EL ROCÍO: A CASE STUDY OF MUSIC AND RITUAL IN ANDALUCÍA W. Gerard Poole, Ph.D., 2007 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Carolina Robertson, Department of Ethnomusicology Music is central to the processional pilgrimage of El Rocío, which attracts hundreds of thousands of pilgrims to Andalusia, Spain, late each spring. The pilgrimage affords a unique view, in microcosm, of the relationships between music and ritual from both ritual-studies and ethnomusicological perspectives. Based on extensive fieldwork and other research, this dissertation explores the nexus of the Catholic ritual system in Andalusia, flamenco, and the specific music of El Rocío: the Sevillanas Rocieras. That nexus becomes clear through exploration of three particular features of the pilgrimage: (1) the devotional processions that generate a single, focused, collective emotion; (2) the Andalusian musical form called the palo; and (3) the informal musical gatherings called juergas, which take place nightly along the route. Analysis of structural and morphological relationships between ritual, music, and emotion yields surprising realizations about how these three elements come together as embodied aesthetics within a communitas to generate popular culture. Another important finding of this work is the necessity of placing, at the center of the inquiry, the religious experience—including the curious Andalusian phenomenon of the “chaotic” emotional procession and its role within the overall pilgrimage and ritual system. The dissertation concludes with two theoretical positions. The first addresses the process of “emotional structuring” and its role within the musical rituals of El Rocío and, by extension, Andalusia. The second advances a theory of ritual relations with potential application to ritual systems beyond Andalusia. -
Some Acoustic Characteristics of the Tin Whistle
Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics SOME ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIN WHISTLE POAL Davies ISVR, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK J Pinho ISVR, Southampton University, Southampton, UK EJ English ISVR, Southampton University, Southampton, UK 1 INTRODUCTION The sustained excitation of a tuned resonator by shed vorticity in a separating shear layer 1 or the whistling produced by the impingement of thin fluid jets on an edge 2 have both been exploited by the makers of musical instruments from time immemorial. Familiar examples include panpipes, recorders, flutes, organ flue pipes 13 , and so on. Over the centuries, the acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skill for their successful production must have been laboriously accomplished by much trial and error. A more physically explicit understanding of the basic controlling mechanisms began to emerge during the great upsurge in scientific observation and discovery from the mid19th century, as this was also accompanied by the relevant developments in physics, acoustics and fluid mechanics. These mechanisms can take several forms, depending on subtle differences in local and overall geometric detail and its relation to the magnitude, direction and distribution of any flow that is generating sound. One such form includes many examples of reverberant systems, where separating shear layers 3,4 provide the conditions where this coupled flow acoustic behaviour may occur. It is well known 14 that whenever a flow leaves a downstream facing edge it separates, forming a thin shear layer or vortex sheet. Such sheets, which involve high transverse velocity gradients, are very unstable and rapidly develop waves 14 . -
Winter 2017 AR
Published by the American Recorder Society, Vol. LVIII, No. 4 • www.americanrecorder.org winter 2017 Editor’s ______Note ______ ______ ______ ______ Volume LVIII, Number 4 Winter 2017 Features love a good mystery, and read with interest David Lasocki’s article excerpted Juan I and his Flahutes: What really happened fromI his upcoming book—this piece seek- in Medieval Aragón? . 16 recorder in Medieval ing answers about the Aragón By David Lasocki (page 16). While the question of what happened may never be definitively Departments answered, this historical analysis gives us possibilities (and it’s fortunate that research Advertiser Index . 32 was completed before the risks increased even more for travel in modern Catalonia). Compact Disc Reviews . 9 Compact Disc Reviews give us a Two sets of quintets: Seldom Sene and means to hear Spanish music from slightly later, played by Seldom Sene, plus we Flanders Recorder Quartet with Saskia Coolen can enjoy a penultimate CD in the long Education . 13 Flanders Recorder Quar tet collaboration Aldo Abreu is impressed with the proficiency of (page 9). In Music Reviews, there is music to play that is connected to Aragón and to young recorder players in Taiwan others mentioned in this issue (page 26). Numerous studies tout the benefits to Music Reviews. 26 a mature person who plays music, but now Baroque works, plus others by Fulvio Caldini there is a study that outlines measurable benefits for the listener, as well (page 6). As I President’s Message . 3 write these words, it’s Hospice and Palliative ARS President David Podeschi on the Care Month. -
Romanian Traditional Musical Instruments
GRU-10-P-LP-57-DJ-TR ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Romania is a European country whose population consists mainly (approx. 90%) of ethnic Romanians, as well as a variety of minorities such as German, Hungarian and Roma (Gypsy) populations. This has resulted in a multicultural environment which includes active ethnic music scenes. Romania also has thriving scenes in the fields of pop music, hip hop, heavy metal and rock and roll. During the first decade of the 21st century some Europop groups, such as Morandi, Akcent, and Yarabi, achieved success abroad. Traditional Romanian folk music remains popular, and some folk musicians have come to national (and even international) fame. ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC Folk music is the oldest form of Romanian musical creation, characterized by great vitality; it is the defining source of the cultured musical creation, both religious and lay. Conservation of Romanian folk music has been aided by a large and enduring audience, and by numerous performers who helped propagate and further develop the folk sound. (One of them, Gheorghe Zamfir, is famous throughout the world today, and helped popularize a traditional Romanian folk instrument, the panpipes.) The earliest music was played on various pipes with rhythmical accompaniment later added by a cobza. This style can be still found in Moldavian Carpathian regions of Vrancea and Bucovina and with the Hungarian Csango minority. The Greek historians have recorded that the Dacians played guitars, and priests perform songs with added guitars. The bagpipe was popular from medieval times, as it was in most European countries, but became rare in recent times before a 20th century revival. -
The Pipe and Tabor
The magazine of THE COUN1RY DANCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA Calendar of Events EDI'roR THE May Gadd April 4 - 6, 1963 28th ANNUAL MOUNTAIN FOLPt: FESTIVAL, Berea, Ky. ASSOCIATE EDI'roR :tV'.ia.y 4 C.D.s. SffiiNJ FESTIVAL, Hunter College, counTRY A.C. King New York City. DAnCER CONTRIBUTING EDI'roRS l'ia.Y 17 - 19 C.D.S. SPROO DANCE WEEKEND, Hudson Lee Haring }~rcia Kerwit Guild Farm, Andover, N.J. Diana Lockard J .Donnell Tilghman June 28 - July 1 BOSTON C.D.S.CENI'RE DAM::E WEEKEND Evelyn K. \'/ells Roberta Yerkes at PINEWOODS, Buzzards Bay, Masa. ART .EDI'roR NATIONAL C.D.S. P:niDIOOJlS CAMP Genevieve Shimer August 4 - 11 CHAMBER MUSIC WEEK) Buzzards August 11 - 25 'lWO DANCE WEEKS ) Bay, THE COUNTRY DANC:lli is published twice a year. Subscription August 25 - Sept.l FOLK MUSIC WEEK ) Hass. is by membership in the Country Dance Society of America (annual dues $5,educational institutions and libraries $3) marriages Inquiries and subscriptions should be sent to the Secretary Country Dance Society of America, 55 Christopher St. ,N.Y .1.4 COMBS-ROGERS: On December 22, 1962, in Pine Mountain,Ky., Tel: ALgonquin 5-8895 Bonnie Combs to Chris Rogers • DAVIS-HODGKIN: On January 12, 196.3, in Germantown, Pa., Copyright 1963 by the Count17 Dance Society Inc. Elizabeth Davis to John P. Hodgkin. CORNWELL-HARING: On January 19, 196.3, in New York City, Table of Contents Margery R. Cornwell to Lee Haring. Page Births CalPndar of Events • • • • • • • • 3 AVISON: To Lois and Richard Avison of Chapleau,Ont., Marriages and Births • • • • • • • .3 on August 7, 1962, a daughter, SHANNON.