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Coal Deposits and Facies Changes Along the Southwestern Margin of the Late Cretaceous Seaway, West-Central New Mexico

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Coal Deposits and Facies Changes Along the Southwestern Margin of the Late Cretaceous Seaway, West-Central New Mexico New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY Coal deposits and facies changes along the southwestern margin of the Late Cretaceous seaway, west-central New Mexico Compilers and field-trip leaders Gretchen H. Roybal¹, Orin J. Anderson', and Edward C. Beaumont2 ¹New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico 87801;2E. C. Beaumont & Associates, 3236 Candelaria NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87107 Prepared for Geological Society of America 100th Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona Coal Geology Division Field Trip SOCORRO 1987 11 NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY Laurence H. Lattman, President NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF MINES & MINERAL RESOURCES Frank E. Kottlowski, Director George S. Austin, Deputy Director BOARD OF REGENTS Ex Officio Garrey E. Carruthers, Governor of New Mexico Alan Morgan, Superintendent of Public Instruction Appointed Gilbert L. Cano, President, 1985-1989, Albuquerque Lenton Malry, Sec./Treas., 1985-1991, Albuquerque Robert 0. Anderson, 1987-1993, Roswell Donald W. Morris, 1983-1989, Los Alamos Steve Torres, 1967-1991, Albuquerque BUREAU STAFF Full Time ORIN J. ANDERSON, Geologist DARRELL DAUDE, Computer Operator 1REAN L. RAE, Drafter RUBEN ARCHULETA, Technician II Lois M. DEVLIN, Director, Bus /Pub. Office MARSHALL A. RErUER, Senior Geophysicist AL BACA, Crafts Technician ROBERT W. EVELETH, Mining Engineer JACQUES R. RENAULT, Senior Geologist NORMA L. BACA, Secretary/Receptionist ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER, Emeritus Sr. Paleontologist JAMES M. ROBERTSON, Senior Economic Geologist JAMES M. BARKER, Industrial Minerals Geologist MICHAEL J. GOBLA, Manager, Inf. Ctr. SYLVEEN E. ROBINSON-COOK, Geologist ROBERT A. BIEBERMAN, Senior Petrol. Geologist MICHAEL J. HARRIS, Metallurgist GRETCHEN H. ROYBAL, Coal Geologist DANNY BOBROW, Geologist JOHN W. HAWLEY, Senior Env. Geologist CINDIE SALISBURY, Scientific Illustrator 1 MARK R. BOWIE, Research Associate CAROL A. HJELLMING, Editorial Secretary DEBORAH A. SHAW, Assistant Editor LYNN A. BRANDVOLD, Senior Chemist GARY D. JOHNPEER, Engineering Geologist WILLIAM J. STONE, Senior Hydrogeologist RON BROADHEAD, Petroleum Geologist ANNABELLE LOPEZ, Staff Secretary SAMUEL THOMPSON III, Senior Petrol. Geologist MONTE M. BROWN, Drafter DAVID W. LOVE, Environmental Geologist REBECCA J. TITUS, Drafter PRANK CAMPBELL, Coal Geologist JANE A. CALVERT LOVE, Associate Editor JUDY M. VAIZA, Executive Secretary ANNETTE G. CARROLL, Admin. Secretary I CECILIA ROSACKER MCCORD, Technician I MANUEL. J. VASQUEZ, Mechanic STEVEN M. CATHER, Postdoctoral Fellow CHRISTOPHER G. McKEE, X-ray Laboratory Technician ROBERT H. WEBER, Emeritus Senior Geologist RICHARD CHAMBERLIN, Economic Geologist VIRGINIA MCLEMORE, Geologist DONALD WOLBERG, Vertebrate Paleontologist CHARLES E. CHAPIN, Senior Geologist LYNNE MCNEIL, Technical Secretary ZANA G. WOLF, Staff Secretary RICHARD R. CHAVEZ, Assistant Head, Petroleum NORMA J. MEEKS, Accounting Clerk—Bureau MICHAEL W. WOOLDRIDGE, Chief Sci. Illustrator KEVIN H. COOK, Research Associate ROBERT M. NORTH, Economic Geologist–Mineralogist JIRI ZIDEK, Chief Editor–Geologist RUBEN A. CRESPIN, Garage Supervisor BARBARA R. POPP, Biotechnologist Research Associates CHRISTINA L. BALK, NMT JEFFREY A. GRAMBLING, UNM JOHN R. MACMILLAN, NMT WILLIAM L. CHENOWETH, Grand Junction, CO JOSEPH HARTMAN, Univ. Minn. HOWARD B. NICKELSON, Carlsbad PAIGE W. CHRISTIANSEN, Kitty Hawk, NC DONALD E. HATTIN, Ind. Univ. LLOYD C. PRAY, Univ. Wisc. RUSSELL E. CLEMONS, NMSU ALONZO D. JACKA, Texas Tech, Univ. ALLAN R. SANFORD, NMT WILLIAM A. COBBAN, USGS DAVID B. JOHNSON, NMT JOHN H. SCHILLING, Nev. Bur. Mines & Geology AUREAL T. CROSS, Mich. St. Univ. WILLIAM E. KING, NMSU WILLIAM R. SEAGER, NMSU MARIAN GALUSHA, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. DAVID V. LEMONE, UTEP RICHARD H. TEDFORD, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. LELAND H. GILE, Las Cruces A. BYRON LEONARD, Kansas Univ. JORGE C. TOVAR R., Petroleos Mexicans Graduate Students DONALD BARRIE JOAN GABELMAN RICHARD P. LOZINSKY MARGARET BARROLL RICHARD HARRISON BRUCE MARRON PAUL BAUER TIM HOBBS WILLIAM MCINTOSH Plus about 50 undergraduate assistants Original Printing 1987 Published by Authority of State of New Mexico, NMSA 1953 Sec. 63-1-4 Printed by University of New Mexico Printing Plant, October 1987 Available from New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 5 Introduction The idea for this field trip through west-central New tides represent recent work of the authors in areas Mexico was proposed by Fred Kuelimer (New Mexico which had not previously been looked at in such de- Institute of Mining & Technology). The purpose was to tail. It is hoped that the contributions are represen- look at the recent activity in the coal mining industry tative of the present knowledge of the Late Cretaceous and the current geological investigations in this region. in the southern San Juan Basin and outlying areas. The route of the field trip goes through areas with Many people have helped put this field trip and excellent exposures of the lower two-thirds of the Late guidebook together, besides those specifically men- Cretaceous coal-bearing sequences and their marine tioned in the text. Frank E. Kottlowski (Director, New counterparts, showing the facies relationships along the Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources- transgressive-regressive shoreline in the southern San NMBMMR) actively encouraged the participation of Juan Basin. Several stops are planned to look at these staff members and allowed many of us the time and sequences and discuss their depositional environments. support to work on this project. Ben Donagan (Leon- The coal mines that will be visited (Lee Ranch, ard Resources) provided reference material for much McKinley, Fence Lake No. 1) are different in both size of the Arizona part of the road log. Jiri Zidek and method of operation, a reflection of the extent of (NMBMMR) edited this guidebook for publication. the coal resource and the quality characteristics of the Kevin Cook (NMBMMR) helped with various phases coal. of road logging and guidebook preparation. Lynne The invited papers included in this guidebook cover McNeil and Norma Baca (NMBMMR) did much of the geology of west-central New Mexico, the hydro- the typing. NMBMMR drafting section did several of geology of the area (a factor in coal mining), and the the figures in the road log and articles. individual coal mines to be visited. Most of these ar 7 FIRST DAY Road log from Albuquerque to Gallup, New Mexico (modified from Shomaker, 1981) Edward C. Beaumont 3236 Candelaria NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87107 Mileage 0.00 Milepost 156 east of Rio Grande bridge on I- 25.60 East end of a long roadcut in Gallup 40 in Albuquerque. Average annual flow is Sandstone at base of Mesaverde Group. 3.85 a little over 1,000,000 ac-ft per year past 29.45 Underpass. 1.85 this point. 1.0 31.30 Correo Sandstone Member of upper Chinle 1.00 Top of first terrace, known as West Mesa, cut on Formation in cliffs on right. 3.1 Santa Fe Group (Miocene-Pliocene). 0.5 34.40 Overpass. Cross tracks of AT&SF (Atchison, 1.50 At 2:30 is view of Albuquerque volcanoes and Topeka, and Santa Fe) Railroad. 1.6 associated basalt flows. Volcanoes are aligned 36.00 Bridge over Rio San Jose. Valley cut in Chinle approximately north-south, probably indicting Formation. 3.6 feeders along a fault. 5.5 39.60 Note slump features at 11:00. Todilto gypsum- 7.00 Top of second terrace, the Llano de Albu- anhydrite beds are not present here; slumping querque surface, cut in Santa Fe Group and of Summerville and Bluff may have resulted capped by caliche having an average thick- from solution of gypsum. Difference in dip of ness of about 10 ft. At 10:00 in far distance lower and upper beds may indicate that is Sierra Ladrones, a large fault block of Pre- slumping occurred in Jurassic time. cambrian rocks on the western margin of the Sandstone dikes in these exposures may be Rio Grande trough. 7.2 related to slumping. 0.4 14.20 Mesa de la Negra at 12:30-2:00, a localized 40.00 Sandstone dikes at 11:30 and 12:30. 0.9 basalt flow in the Santa Fe Group. 1.4 40.90 Deep roadcut in Bluff Sandstone. 0.9 15.60 Bridge over Rio Puerco; river marks approx- 41.80 Basalt dike in Bluff Sandstone, both sides of imate position of western margin of the Rio roadcut. 1.4 Grande trough with Tertiary outcrops to the 43.20 Laguna Pueblo at 3:00. Now within area covered east and Cretaceous outcrops to the west. 0.6 by geologic map in Fig. 1. 5.0 16.20 Roadcuts in shale and sandstone of the Mesa- 48.20 Exit to Acoma, Paraje, and Casa Blanca. 2.3 verde group: Gibson Coal Member or higher 50.50 Cross AT&SF railroad tracks. 1.6 beds of the Crevasse Canyon Formation. The 52.10 In next few tenths of a mile area a series of Rio Puerco Mesaverde coal area is an irreg- roadcuts in Brushy Basin Member of the Mor- ular belt of outcrops of Upper Cretaceous rison Formation overlain by Dakota Sandstone. Mesaverde Group rocks in the Rio Puerco 0.4 valley, beginning about 25 mi west of Albu- 52.50 We have now climbed through the Morrison querque and trending north-northeastward and Dakota sections and are riding on the for a distance of about 40 mi. The Dilco and dip slope of the Dakota Sandstone. 7.5 Gibson Members of the Crevasse Canyon 60.50 Between 9:00 and 3:00 exposures of uppermost Formation, both coal-bearing units of eco- Twowells Tongue of the Dakota. 2.2 nomic importance elsewhere in the southern 62.70 Now proceeding through McCartys basalt flow, San Juan Basin, are present in the area and no more than 2,000 yrs old. Fragments of both contain coal. The outcrops of the coal- Indian pottery have been found enclosed in bearing units occur, for the most part, within basalt.
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