De Municipale Ambities Van Provinciale Nederzettingen
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Year 5&6 23.10.2020
Year 5 & 6: Friday 23rd October 2020 Good morning everyone! It’s Friday…J Once today’s tasks are complete, it’s half term! Thank you for all of your hard work since we returned to school in September and for every piece of work you have completed this week. I hope you all have a lovely break and please stay safe – I can’t wait to see you all again on Monday 2nd November. Emotional well-being Today I want you to celebrate being you! Think about what makes you unique – be proud of the fact you are unique. You completed a piece of RE work earlier in the week and the general the me that came from it is that the world would be a pretty boring place if everyone was the same. Think of a good friend, or your group of friends… think of three ways that you are similar to each other and three ways that you are different. Don’t just focus on physical appearance – think about the things you enjoy, what you’re good at and what makes you special. Time for prayer and reflection We all need people in our lives who recognise our unique qualities and why we are special. We need these people to encourage us when we reach challenges in our lives – no matter how big or small. Take a moment to think about someone who does this for you and give thanks for them. Dear God, Thank you that I am special to you. Thank you that there is nobody else exactly the same as me. -
Writing and Conquest in Caesar's Gaul Author(S): Josiah Osgood Source: Classical Antiquity , Vol
The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar's Gaul Author(s): Josiah Osgood Source: Classical Antiquity , Vol. 28, No. 2 (October 2009), pp. 328-358 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ca.2009.28.2.328 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical Antiquity This content downloaded from 128.95.104.109 on Thu, 14 Jan 2021 18:26:48 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOSIAH OSGOOD The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar’s Gaul Julius Caesar was remembered in later times for the unprecedented scale of his military activity. He was also remembered for writing copiously while on campaign. Focusing on the period of Rome’s war with Gaul (58–50 bce), this paper argues that the two activities were interrelated: writing helped to facilitate the Roman conquest of the Gallic peoples. It allowed Caesar to send messages within his own theater of operations, sometimes with distinctive advantages; it helped him stay in touch with Rome, from where he obtained ever more resources; and it helped him, in his Gallic War above all, to turn the story of his scattered campaigns into a coherent narrative of the subjection of a vast territory henceforward to be called “Gaul.” The place of epistolography in late Republican politics receives new analysis in the paper, with detailed discussion of the evidence of Cicero. -
The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126
Paper Information: Title: Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2008_113_126 Publication Date: 17 April 2009 Volume Information: Driessen, M., Heeren, S., Hendriks, J., Kemmers, F., and Visser, R. (eds.) (2009) TRAC 2008: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Amsterdam 2008. Oxford: Oxbow Books Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in April 2013. Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Laura Crowley Introduction The subject of this article is the tumuli of the civitas Tungrorum. They are currently a subtopic within a study of privileged burials in the villa landscapes that lie on the loess plains more or less between Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) and Bagacum Nerviorum (Bavai). Previously, the region had been witness to Caesar’s displacement and/or genocide of the Eburones and Atuatuci around the year 51 BC (Caesar: VIII 25). These ethnic groups were replaced with a group known as the Tungri, the exact composition of which is unknown, but which most likely comprised survivors from the former tribes as well as Germanic immigrants (Mariën 1980: 45ff; Wightman 1985: 36, 40, 53; Nouwen 1997: 9, 31ff; Carroll 2001: 28–29). -
A Relixión Política Ea Súa Utilización Como Instrumento Do Imperio Romano
Facultade de Humanidades Traballo de A relixión política e a súa fin de grao utilización como instrumento do imperio romano: O culto de Xúpiter Optimo Máximo. Autor: Francisco Folgueira Ríos Titora: Mª Dolores Dopico Caínzos Grao en Ciencias da Cultura e Difusión Cultural Xullo 2017 Traballo de Fin de Grao presentado na Facultade de Humanidades da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela para Facultade de Humanidades Traballo de A relixión política e a súa fin de grao utilización como instrumento do imperio romano: O culto de Xúpiter Optimo Máximo. Autor: Francisco Folgueira Ríos Titora: Mª Dolores Dopico Grao en Ciencias da Cultura e Difusión Cultural Xullo 2017 Traballo de Fin de Grao presentado na Facultade de Humanidades da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela para ÍNDICE Introdución……………………………………………………………………...………4 1.A relixión romana:……………………………………………………………………5 1.1 Unha relixión colectiva e cívica………………………….…………………5 1.2 O sacerdocio en Roma…………………..………………………….………6 2. Xúpiter optimo Maximo deus supremo do panteón romano…………………………9 3. Xúpiter como valedor do discurso político de Cicerón………………...……………11 4. O culto de Xúpiter Optimo Maximo nas provincias e a súa función romanizadora...13 5. Conclusión………………………………………………………………………...…22 Bibliografía……………………………………………………………………………..23 3 Introdución Elixín este traballo movido polo meu interese pola arqueoloxía, á cal quero dedicarme profesionalmente, razón pola que pretendo seguir formándome nos próximos anos a través da realización dun Master na Universidade do Minho, en Braga. Dentro das numerosas especialidades da arqueoloxía interésame especialmente o mundo romano, que aprendín a coñecer na cidade na que vivo e estudo, a antiga Lucus Augusti, por elo, ante la imposibilidade de facer un verdadeiro traballo de arqueoloxía para o que carezo de formación, decidinme por unha cuestión de historia de Roma. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
Roman Britain | Small Group Tour for Seniors | Odyssey Traveller
Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] From $11,995 AUD Single Room $14,195 AUD Twin Room $11,995 AUD Prices valid until 30th December 2021 22 days Duration England Destination Level 2 - Moderate Activity Roman Britain Aug 05 2022 to Aug 26 2022 Explore Roman Britain with Odyssey Traveller Join Odyssey Traveller on this small group tour as we explore the world of Roman Britain, tracing the visible remains of Roman occupation in England and Wales. The Romans occupied Britain for some 400 years and left behind a lasting legacy. While many buildings were pulled down and reused there is still a lot left for us to discover. Join us as we travel in the footsteps of the Roman legions, exploring what remains of their cities, fortresses, villas, bath houses and roads. Roman Britain 06-Oct-2021 1/13 https://www.odysseytraveller.com.au Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] Small group tours Roman Britain itinerary This tour begins in London, where we will travel back in time to explore Londinium, roman London, the settlement established on the current site of the city around the year 43. With a private guide we take a walking tour around the London Wall, a defensive wall built by Romans that defined the city’s boundaries until the Late Middle Ages. Though the wall was demolished in the 17th century, the ruins can still be traced through private and public properties. Our London city tour also includes a visit to the remains of an ancient temple devoted to the mystery god Mithras, and a trip to the Museum of London, which houses relics of the original temple. -
Julius Caesar
Working Paper CEsA CSG 168/2018 ANCIENT ROMAN POLITICS – JULIUS CAESAR Maria SOUSA GALITO Abstract Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; and second by himself and Pompeius Magnus. Until he was stabbed to death, at a senate session, in the Ides of March of 44 BC. JC has always been loved or hated, since he was alive and throughout History. He was a war hero, as many others. He was a patrician, among many. He was a roman Dictator, but not the only one. So what did he do exactly to get all this attention? Why did he stand out so much from the crowd? What did he represent? JC was a front-runner of his time, not a modern leader of the XXI century; and there are things not accepted today that were considered courageous or even extraordinary achievements back then. This text tries to explain why it’s important to focus on the man; on his life achievements before becoming the most powerful man in Rome; and why he stood out from every other man. Keywords Caesar, Politics, Military, Religion, Assassination. Sumário Júlio César (JC) sobreviveu a duas guerras civis: primeiro, lideradas por Cornélio Sula e Caio Mário; e depois por ele e Pompeius Magnus. Até ser esfaqueado numa sessão do senado nos Idos de Março de 44 AC. JC foi sempre amado ou odiado, quando ainda era vivo e ao longo da História. Ele foi um herói de guerra, como outros. Ele era um patrício, entre muitos. Ele foi um ditador romano, mas não o único. -
The Chester ‘Command’ System C
The Chester ‘Command’ System c. 71-96 C.E. by Tristan Price A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Classical Studies Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2019 © Tristan Price 2019 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This thesis centres on the operations of the Chester ‘command’ system in the region of North Wales, roughly from the first year in which Petilius Cerialis served as the governor of Britain to the death of Emperor Domitian. Despite the several auxiliary forts that were occupied simultaneously during this period, seven military stations have been selected to demonstrate the direct application of Roman rule in the region imposed by a fortified network of defences and communications: the legionary fortress of Chester, the fortress at Wroxeter, the fort at Forden Gaer, along with Caersws II, Pennal, Caernarfon, and Caerhun. After the fortress at Wroxeter was abandoned c. 90 C.E. the fortress of Chester held sole legionary authority and administered control over the auxiliary units stationed in North Wales and the Welsh midlands. Each fort within this group was strategically positioned to ensure the advantages of its location and environment were exploited. The sites of Wroxeter, Forden Gaer, Caersws II, and Pennal were not only placed on the same road (RR64) to maintain a reliable communications system across the Severn valley, but the paths through which indigenous people could travel north or south were limited as each military post controlled access to the preferred land routes over the River Severn and the River Dyfi. -
DER NAME DER FRIESEN (I) 1) Nach Der Herrschenden, Von Jacob
US WURK XIII (1964), p. 18 [0289] DER NAME DER FRIESEN (I) 1) Nach der herrschenden, von Jacob Grimm 2) begründeten Ansicht hängt der Name der Friesen mit franz. friser "kräuseln" zusammen, das im 17. Jahrhundert über nl. friseeren als friseren, frisiren ins Hochdeutsche übernommen worden ist, dessen vermutetes Stammwort *frise "kraus" aber zumeist als germanisches Lehnwort gilt und dann mit afries. fr īsle, fr ēsle verbunden wird, dem man die Bedeutung "Haarlocke" zuerkennt. Einen Beleg für ein germ. *fri si a-z "kraus, lockig" 3 fortsetzendes ae. *fri se sucht man nach dem Vorgang Ludwig Ettmüllers ) noch in einem der altenglischen Denksprüche. Trotz der scheinbar so verläßlichen Stützen ist diese Deutung, nach der die Friesen ihren Namen wegen ihres lockigen Haars bekommen hätten, nicht haltbar. Der Erklärung Jacob Grimms, die dieser übrigens schon lange vorher 4) aufgegeben hatte, weil es keinen Anhalt für eine besondere Haartracht der Friesen gibt, wurde der Boden entzogen, als J. Gilliéron 5) erkannte, daß das -s- in franz. friser sekundär ist und lat. fri gere "rösten" zugrunde liegt. In seinem "Französischen Etymologischen Wörterbuch" 6) macht Walther von Wartburg gegen eine Verbindung mit ae. fri se geltend, daß die herangezogenen romanischen Wörter erst im 16. oder frühestens im 15. Jahrhundert auftreten. Zu Gilliérons Erklärung, die dieser 7) mit guten Gründen gegen Einwände von Albert Dauzat 8) verteidigt hat, bemerkt er: „Zwar semantisch überzeugt die Auffassung Gilliérons nicht ganz. Die Locken werden mit der Brennschere hergestellt, sie werden gebrannt, und Gilliéron meint, daß hierin eine genaue Parallele zu frire > friser vorliege. Das ist nicht ganz richtig, da brennen und backen doch sehr verschieden sind. -
Revue Belge De Numismatique Et De Sigillographie
3 REVUE BELGE DE NUMISMATIQUE, PUBLIÉE LES AUSPICES DE LiSOGllTÊ RQÏALE DE NOMISMATIQDE. 1885. QUARANTE-UNIÈME ANNÉE. BRUXELLES, LIBRAIRIE POLYTECHNIQUE DE JULES DEGQ, 9, RUE DE LA MADELEINE. - 458- UNE LECTURE SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE e) A TONGRES (ADUATUCA TUNGRORUM (2).) PL. XVbis ET XVI. ~IESSIEURS ET CHERS CONFRÈRES, Nous nous trouvons ici réunis sinon sur remplace ment même, du moins bien près du sol antique où s'élevait (1) Une très grande partie de cette notice a été lue à Tongres dans la séance extraordinaire, qui ya été tenue par la Société royale de numis matique le ~ 0 mai ~ 885. Que nos bienveillants confrères veuillent nous excuser d'avoir, à raison des circonstances, donné à notre travail un développement un peu insolite. ,(2) Quelle est l'origine des mots Aduatuca ou Atuatuca, Aduatucum, Aduatuci ou Atualici, Aduaca, Aduat? Voici diverses étymologies qui ont été présentées: Achterwacht ou Atuat, dépôt, arrière-garde, ou plutôt corps d'armée laissé en arrière pour la garde des bagages. (Bulletin de la Société scientifique et littéraire du Limbourg, ~ 863, t. VI, p. 56 et notes.)-Antwattich ou Andwak, prétendues corruptions de l'Aen'twak,' c'est-à-dire ad-vadosum ou ad-uliginosum Jecorœ {luminis lractum 1 près de l'humide, indication du cours fangeux et peu profond du .Jaer, rivière qui coule à Tongres. (Voy. GODEFRIDI HENSCHENII Exegesis de episcopatu Tungrensi, etc, apud GHESQUIERUlf, t. l, p. 222; Bulletin cité, p. 57.) - Water, aqua, eau. fi Suspicabar quia Mosœ et Jecorœ ripas, paludosaque circum hune fluvium loca occupassent Atualicos quasi Adaquenses appellatos. » (FOULLON, Historia populi Leodiensis, I, 5.) - (t Le sens de ce nom Aduatiks, écrit Moke, est incertain; - 459- autrefois, quoi qu'on ait pü écrire, le camp retranché d'Atuatuca, ce centre des opé.'ations du grand conqué- Aetwathas (de Aet et Wath) signifierait en vieux saxon -des émigrés errants (effugœ); mais on ne trouve ce mot dans aucun texte connu. -
Caesar 57 Bc
CAESAR 57 BC INTRODUCTION Caesar 57 BC, the Second Campaign of Caesar in Gaul against the valiant Belgae. The Romans must crush all the hostile tribes before end of the game, or lose it. The Belgian player must prevent the Roman goals using all its forces and opportunities. Caesar 57 BC lasts 14 turns, each of 2 weeks, between March and October 57 BC. One of the two players controls the mighty legions of Julius Caesar attacking the Belgian tribes in northern Gaul. His opponent controls the ‘bravest’ tribes - according to Caesar himself - who are putting up a fight. • The Roman side is homogeneous and with an exceptional leader. • The Belgian tribes are more numerous but harder to make collaborate with each other because of their internal dissensions which fluctuate with victories and defeats. The game’s event cards allow full replay ability thanks to the numerous various situations that they create on the diplomatic, military, political or economical fields Average Duration: 1h30 Favored Side: Roman DURATION Most Difficult Side to Play: Belgian Caesar 57 BC lasts 14 turns, each of 2 weeks, between March and October 57 BC. TheRoman player always moves first, followed by the Belgian player. FORCES The Roman player controls the Roman (red), Aeduan (magenta) and Remii (tan) units. The Belgian player controls the Belgian (green), Germano-Celtic (pale green) and Armorican tribal (water blue) units. MAPBOARD The map cover Gallia Belgica (Belgian Gaul). Terrain effects are described in the game. The board is divided into 2 theaters: the southern one, Gaul under Roman influence, and the northern one, Belgian Tribes territory.