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Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. : a Mini Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

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Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. : a Mini Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research Piper sarmentosum Roxb. : A Mini Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Botanical Aspects of Piper Sarmentosum Mini Review The Piper species are one of the well-presented genera, mostly grown as woody perennial climbers. They are rarely found as Volume 2 Issue 5 - 2016 shrubs with enlarged or puffy nodes and stipules. The leaves of various Piper species are naturally aromatic and have a pungent without perianth [1]. Piper Department of Plant Protection, University of Putra Malaysia, itssmell. pulpy The fruit, flowers consisting are veryof 2 totiny, 6 stamens, usually andarranged one-celled in spikes, ovary Malaysia with orthotropic ovule, which species means it,could is growing also be straight identified so that by *Corresponding author: Sharifah Farhana Syed Ab Rahman, the micropyle is at the end opposite the stalk. Piper sarmentosum Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, is a wild growing herb with long creeping stems. University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, The leaves are alternate and heart-shaped. Young leaves usually have a waxy surface and is light green in color. It produces Malaysia, Tel: +60389474846; Fax: +60389381014; Email: Received: June 02, 2016 | Published: June 28, 2016 ovary.small, whiteThe fruits flowers are in big, the sweet form oftasting spikes, when which ripe, are turnlocated black at theon maturity,terminal or dry, leaf and opposite have several the spikes rounded [2]. The bulges. flower The has planta unisexual has a pungent odor. In addition, the P. sarmentosum species has good like anti-cancer [9], hypoglycemic [10], anti-tuberculosis [11], ornamental value, which is popular in urban landscape gardens as antioxidant [12] and antimalarial [13]. A result from a recent ground covering shrubs with a root and sprouts at each node and study also provided experimental evidence for the application can be grown in pots as bushes by pruning the creeping branches. of P. sarmentosum in botanical pesticides [14]. Due to all these The bushy, abundant procumbent branches are about 40-50 cm in properties, the plant has great potential to be commercialized as height and the fruiting season is between October and December a medicinal plant in South-East Asia, particularly Malaysia. [3]. In Malaysia, the plant grows wild; however, it also grows as a weed in villages and places with plenty of shade. Ethnomedicinal uses and report on uses of P. sarmentosum in traditional medicine Biology Today, herbal medicine has become popular all over the world. Piper sarmentosum is easy to grow. It is propagated through Many people use herbal remedies in their daily life, especially vegetative cuttings where it spreads from the fragments and in developing countries, because of the absence of harmful or rhizomes that have a root and sprout at each node [4] and the unfavorable effects and their cost effectiveness [15]. Piper species discarded cuttings are quick to develop roots. The plant grows in are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of a humid, warm spot in the shade, and grows well in rich and damp the world and have numerous applications in different traditional soil in secondary forest, near sea level at 1000m and requires medicines. For instance, in ancient Chinese medicine, many good drainage. southern part of Thailand, the water mixture of the whole plant Distribution ofspecies P. sarmentosum are used isto usedtreat to inflammatory treat patients diseaseswith diabetic [16]. diseaseIn the It has been estimated that there are 1200 species of Piper [10] and the crude extract is also reported to help in reducing distributed throughout the pantropical and Neotropical regions the blood glucose level of onset diabetic patients [17]. Piper of the world of which more than 400 species have been recorded sarmentosum has also been used as a carminative and to relieve in the Malaysia region [5]. This species is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries [6]. as an expectorant [19]. coughs and muscle pain [18], while the fruits and leaves are used Piper sarmentosum leaves and roots aid in relieving headaches Importance when applied to the forehead while the decoction of the plant Piper sarmentosum is popular due to its culinary and medicinal helps to cure muscle weakness and pain in the bones [20]. In properties. Piper sarmentosum has been used traditionally in Indonesia, P. sarmentosum is used to treat coughs and asthma different parts of the world to cure many diseases and ailments by chewing the rootlets with betel nut and swallowing the juice. [7]. The plant contains constituents like alkaloids (amide, The rootlets are also chewed with nutmeg and ginger to treat pleurisy or with only ginger to treat toothache [20]. In addition, It has also been reported to possess pharmacological properties warm leaves coated with coconut oil are applied to ease painful pyrones, flavonoids), as reported by Tuntiwachwuttikul et al. [8]. Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Anal Pharm Res 2016, 2(5): 00031 Piper sarmentosum Roxb. : A Mini Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Copyright: 2/3 Pharmacology ©2016 Rahman et al. chests and are also used by rheumatic patients to relieve the pain [21,22]. The plant has been shown to have antiplatelet new alkaloid, langkamide, was isolated from the dichloromethane: aggregation [23], antibacterial [24], antiplasmodial activity methanolbenzyl benzoate extract [16]. of P. Insarmentosum a study conducted roots and by Bokesch stems. et al. [35], a against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei [13], It is suggested that more investigations should be performed antioxidant and superoxide scavenger [12] and an antiprotozoal on the reported compounds from P. sarmentosum to elucidate effect against Entamoebahistolytica [25]. their pharmacological and antimicrobial activities thoroughly as In folk medicine, the plant has been applied as a cure for this will help us broaden the scope to identify and develop the headaches, asthma and joint aches, toothache and to reduce fever candidates for new drug or bio formulations in treating human diseases as well as plant diseases, respectively. antinociceptivein influenza patients and antipyretic [12,20,26]. activities. Based on The the crushed use in leavestraditional of P. References sarmentosummedicine, this are plantmixed intohas waterdemonstrated and used foranti-inflammatory, bathing to treat 1. on the wild Piper (Piperaceae Tawan CS, Ipor IB, Fashihuddin BA, Sani H (2002) A brief account kidney stones and difficulty in urination [27]. p. 1–11. ) of the Crocker Range, Sabah. ASEAN of P. sarmentosum demonstrated strong repellent and antifeedant Reviews of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC), effectsWei-quan against et larvae al. [28] and discovered imagoes ofthat the essential diamondback oil from moth. the leavesThree 2. of the genus Piper (Piperaceae 223-231.Chaveerach A, Mokkamul P, Sudmoon R, Tanee T (2006) Ethnobotany ) in Thailand. Ethnobot Res App 4: amides, identified as 3-(3’,4’,5’-trimethoxyphenylpropanoyl) 3. fourpyrrolidine, compounds 3-(4’-methoxyphenylpropanoyl) yielded from the phytochemical investigationspyrrole, N-of P.(3-phenylpropanoyl) sarmentosum, all of pyrrolewhich were and founda sterol, to haveβ-sitosterol activity areagainst the Karthigeyan K, Sumathi R, Jayanthi J, Diwakar P, Lakra G (2004) Piper sarmentosum Roxb-an addition to the flora of Andaman Islands. Curr gram-positive bacteria [29]. 4. Sci 87(2): 140-141. Chemical constituents of plants from Family Piperaceae pp.Englberger 29. K (2009) Invasive weeds of Pohnpei: A guide for identification and public awareness. Conservation Society of Pohnpei Investigations on the phytochemical of Piper species 5. Piper nigrum L Record from demonstrated the isolation of a number of classes of physiologically Proseabase Indonesia.De Waard PWF, Anunciado IS (1999) dihydrochalcones, phenylpropanoids, lignans and neolignans . In: de Guzman CC & Siemonsma JS (Eds.), PROSEA, Bogor, active compounds, such as amides, alkaloids, flavonoids, pyrones, 6. [30]. extract of Piper sarmentosum decreases atherosclerotic lesions in Amran AA, Zakaria Z, Othman F, Das S, Raj S, et al. (2010) Aqueous Previous studies demonstrated that various parts of this plant 44-49. contain many biologically active compounds, such as guineensine, high cholesterolemic experimental rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 9(1): 7. brachystamide B, brachyamide B, sesamin, 1-piperrrettyl Mitra R, Agricola S, Mitchell B, Orbell J, Gray C, et al. (2007) Medicinal pyrrolidine, 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxycinnamoyl pyrrolidine, (±) asaricin plants of Thailand. Asia Pac Biotech News 11(8): 508-518. Chemical constituents of the roots of Piper sarmentosum. Chem and methyl piperate [26], asaricin, α-asarone [31] hydrocinnamic 8. Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Phansa P, Pootaeng OY, Taylor WC (2006) acid, β-sitosterol [32], longifolene, β-caryophyllene, allo-aroma- 9. carotenesdendrene, [34].9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene, β-asarone, viridiflorene and Pharm Bull 54(2): 149-151. β-selinene, sarmentine, sarmentosine [33], vitamin C, E and anticarcinogenic effects of Piper sarmentosum ethanolic extract on a Several compounds have been isolated from the fruits and humanZainal ASH, hepatoma Wan OWH, cell line. Zainal Cancer AZ, Safian Cell Int MF, 9: Senafi6. S (2009) Intrinsic leaves of this plant, which are the aromatic alkene, 1-allyl-2- 10. Peungvicha P, Thirawarapan S, Temsiririrkkul R, Watanabe H, Prasain Piper sarmentosum
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