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Tanygnathus Parrots c o en Cl. E o .c. ~ ex: Q.) oCO .c>­ .9 o .c. The World of the Q.. Tanygnathus Parrots by Dale R. Thompson Canyon Country, CA INTRODUCI10N he Tanygnathus group of par­ rots originate from the T Philippines, Sulawesi (Celebes), Borneo and other smaller islands of Indonesia. All are known for their The male Great-billedpan"ot is notedfor its very large head and bill. Not large, heavy bills and relatively short, commonly reproduced in captivity, there see1ns to be a lopsided ratio of rounded tails. This gives them a top­ females over males heavy look. They are very beautiful with their shades of brilliant blues and greens contrasted by a large reddish­ orange bill. Some have greenish-yel­ low scalloping on the primary and median wing coverts. The feathers on the chest region are often hair-like in appearance. This feature is well known in the Eclectus Parrots. In earli- Female Great-billed Parrots that were removedfrom the nest (at seven weeks) forphotographs. These youngsters were completelyparent-reared. The Blue-naped Parrot appears to be repro­ duced more successfully in recent years than its two close relatives, the Great-billed and the Muller's Parrots. It is important that these species be held backforfuture breeding. 4 MarchiApril 1997 er times both the Tanygnathus and maintain a minImum distance from two males whose heads were much Eclectus Parrots in Germany were each other. Often head-plucking is a larger than birds of the same species I known as "Edelpapagei" or noble par­ problem. later observed in the 1980s. I can only rots. This term is still being used today. •A reddish-colored bill is very assume that I was observing a differ­ Indeed, both groups are very noble in prominent in this group, often found ent, and larger, subspecies than those their appearance. only in the males. This red or coral col­ now seen in aviculture. Checking with oration does not seem to fade as is the books, I probably was observing SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION seen in many museum specimens the largest subspecies, T m. sumbensis, Great-billed Parrot, Tanygnathus even after many of the feathers have from Sumba in the Lesser Sunda megalorhynchos, is found on the begun to fade. Islands. islands of western Papua, Tanibar and • Eye blazing is often a characteris­ The Great-billed Parrot has been Lesser Sunda, the Moluccas and off­ tic with this group. This is a threaten­ imported in small to moderate num­ shore islands of Sulawesi (Celebes), ing action. bers over several years. The greatest Indonesia. Joseph M. Forshaw's • Feather coloration. If the parrot number was brought into the U.S. dur­ Parrots ojthe World gives it eight sub­ species has feathers ofa different color ing the last few years before parrot species. on its back, rump or nape other than importation came to a halt (in October, on the hody, it is usually hlue. This can 1993) due to the enactment ofthe Wild Blue-naped Parrot, Tanygnathus be seen in the blue rumps of the Bird Conservation Act [WBCA] of 1992. lucionensis, is found in the Philippine Great-billed and Muller's Parrots and There was little to no success repro­ Islands and offshore islands of Borneo the nape of the Blue-naped Parrot. ducing the Great-billed Parrot in the and Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is given This color difference changes to red on U.S. until it was accomplished byJoan three subspecies. the rump coloration of the hanging Davis in 1989 (May 25) in Fremont, parrots. Often the tails are tipped with California. Prior to this, a number of Muller's Parrot, Tanygnathus suma­ yellow, red or orange, which gives aviculturists had infertile, and some­ tranus, is found in the Philippine them a more threatening (or in a times even fertile eggs, but with no Islands, Sulawesi and the smaller courtship, desirable) display when success. These poor captive reproduc­ islands ofthe Sulu Archipelago, Talaud spread. tive results were due to several rea­ and Sangir, Indonesia. It is given six • Behavior. Due to the dominance sons, the main cause probably being subspecies. of the female, many of these parrots incompatibility between the mates. Black-Iored Parrot, Tanygnathus have quite a courtship display. The The dynamics of female-dominant gramineus, is found on the Island of male will go through number of head species is not easily understood under Buru, Indonesia. It is monospecific. and body movements to entice the captive conditions. Aviculturists are female. This is often manifested by the more used to pairs witli. dominant Rufous-tailed Parrot. This parrot is male bowing and stretching its body, males that often drive the females to taken from one specimen (type), pre­ drooping or lifting its wings and sway­ go to nest. With the roles reversed, it sumably from Sulawesi; regarded as an ing from side to side. Often the male often results in a shy and somewhat aberrant specimen of T sumatranus will jump up and down or spin on its intimidated male. I feel it is important (Forshaw 197: 193). perch. The bright plumage and the to allow these birds to choose their Only the first three species are coral bill coloration ofthe male is cred­ own mates. This is seldom done found in American aviculture. ited as being part of this courtship. because it is difficult to obtain several birds to place together for bonding. BEHAVIOR GREAT-BIIJ..ED PARROT Wild-caught Great-billed Parrots can The Tanygnathus parrots belong to (Tanygnathus megalorhynchos) be quite shy, .and placing two new the Subfamily Psittaculinae which also This parrot is aptly named as its birds in a cage can be very stressful to include Eclectus, the ring-necked very large head and bill are almost both of them. Although incompatibili­ group, king parrots, hanging parrots, "macaw-like" in appearance. These ty does not usually result in serious blue-rumped parrots and lovebirds. large green parrots 06 inches) do not aggression, other symptoms often They have several intriguing features have the long, pointed tails ofthe large result. Feather chewing and plucking and behaviors that are different from macaws but have medium sized tails may result when there is serious most other parrot groups. Although that are rounded. They have a blue incompatibility or after long term bick­ not identical in each group, their simi­ rump and yellow-tipped green tail ering or confrontations occur. Often a larities are unique enough to be feathers and have beautiful outer wing bird in perfect feather condition will grouped together. These include: feathers (coverts) that are black with pluck out its chest feathers completely • The females are usually dominant orange to bronzy-gold scalloping or in only a few hours. Sometimes the in behavior. margins. Both sexes have the coral-red birds, mostly males, will soon have • This group strongly prefers to not bill with the adult male's usually being fuzzy feathers along their primary wing touch each other (exception-love­ much more massive than the females. coverts. birds). Even though one-way or mutu­ I observed my first Great-billed Feather chewing and plucking can al preening is done, the sexes usually Parrots in the early 1970s. They were also be caused by an inadequate diet afa WATCHBIRD 5 AMERICAN FEDERATION OF AVICULTURE 'l1ie :Mission ofthe 5tFJ'I. is to Promote the J'l.avanament ofJ'l.vic.u[ture. 1997 OFFICERS LAURELLA DESBOROUGH, President 510-372-6174/ fax 510-372-0306· ROBERT 1. BERRY, Executive Director 713-434-8076 / fax 713-433-3731 RICK JORDAN, 1st Vice President phonefax 512-858-7029· GARY CLIFTON, 2nd Vice President 602-830-4920/ fax 602-995-1707 JIM HAWLEY, JR., Chief Fmancial Officer 602-838-4770/ fax 602-987-3389 • JAMI KENNEDY, Secretary 805-252-0437 GARY LILIENTHAL, Legal Counsel, Vice President, AFA office, P.O. Box 56218, Phoenix, AZ 85079-6218 602-484-0931/ fax 602-484-0109 MEMBER CLUBS NATIONAL A DELAWARE Raleigh-Durham Caged Bird Society MICHIGAN LOUISIANA INTERNATIONAL State coordinator: SOUTH CAROLINA State coordinator: State coordinator: Nancy Selz 302-798-8625 State coordinator: * Jeanne C. Murphy 504-833-4241 ORGANIZATIONS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Beth Rowan 803-862-2852 Ann Arbor Cage Bird Club Acadiana Bird Club Jerry McCawley, Director State coordinator: Aiken Bird Club BEA.K S. Bayou Bird Club phone/fax 512-858-4136 Tom Marshall 703-777-3252 Palmetto Cage Bird Club of Anderson North Oakland Cage Bird Club Capitol Area Avicultural Society African Lovebird Society MARYLAND TENNESSEE Saginaw Valley Bird Club Gulf South Bird Club, Inc. American Budgerigar Society Motor City Bird Breeders Louisiana Aviculture Society State coordinator: State coordinator Amazona Society OHIO MISSOURI Debora Ready 410-838-9418 Renea Adams 901-854-6%96 American Cockatiel Society, Inc. Cage Bird Club of NE Tennessee State coordinator: State coordinator: American Lory Society Maryland Cage Bird Society, Inc. Southern Maryland Caged Bird Club Diana Holloway 419-636-3882 Paddy Lambert 314-962-8186 Asiatic Breeders Association Classic Feathers Gateway Parrot Club Asiatic Parrot Society NEW JERSEY FLORIDA/P.R. Golden Crescent Cage Bird Club Greater Kansas City Avicultural Soc. Avicultural Society of America State coordinator: REGION Flightline Exotic Bird Society Missouri Cage Bird Association International Parrotlet Society Dan Lanetti 609-386-1435 Dwight Greenberg, Director Great Lakes Bird Lovers Club OKLAHOMA Model Avicultural Program Central Jersey Bird Club 407-631-9800 fax 407-632-4338 Miami Valley Bird Club National Cockatiel Society Real Macaw Parrot Club State coordinator: FLORIDA (CENTRAL) Mid-American Exotic Bird Society National
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