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Preliminary Report Preliminary Report Editors B.A. Geerdink P.M. Kuiper J.A. Kuperus Y. Steenberg J.A. Steenbergen E. Velthuis Layout by B.A. Geerdink Cover design by B.A. Geerdink Printed in The Netherlands by PrintPartners Ipskamp, Enschede 1st Printing - September 2003 Number of copies - 80 ©2003 I.C.T.S.V. Inter-Actief, Enschede, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or made public, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Preliminary Report October – November 2003 I.C.T.S.V. Inter-Actief S@mba, Study Tour Committee 2003 University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)53 – 489 37 56 Fax: +31 (0)53 – 489 45 71 Mail: [email protected] Site: www.inter-actief.net/samba S@mba Study Tour 2003 iv A dutch invasion in Brazil A Dutch invasion in Brazil Brazil, discovered by the Portuguese centuries ago, did not make a friendly acquaintance with Western civilization. Upon discovery, Portugal occupied the country to draw resources from it like gold and most important, slaves. It was not until 1888 that slavery was abolished in Brazil. While the country was under Portuguese control, the Dutch have more than once tried to invade this country, hunting for its resources and slaves. This year, another group of Dutch people will invade the Brazilian shores. Not to conquer and enslave this time, but to explore the culture and richness of this beautiful country. Starting in the big city of São Paulo and ending in Rio de Janeiro, they will see a lot of different aspects of the country. Aside from their interest in the real Brazil of today, they will orientate on the virtual aspects of reality found there. “Virtual Reality” is a collective for technologies that offer a three- dimensional digital representation of a real concept. Probably the most well-know virtual reality is found in the science-fiction series “Star Trek”, the holodeck. In this small room, whole worlds can be displayed and the crew members can interact with the entities inside this virtual world. The holodeck is not yet a reality. But more and more companies are investing in this technology, both in Brazil as in the Netherlands. There are many fields in which virtual reality will have impact, for example the field of education. Virtual reality offers an excellent training facility for many skills that normally have to be acquired at a high cost or with some risk. Suppose you want to learn a complex medical procedure, using virtual reality you can practice this procedure in a virtual operating room on virtual patients. If the procedure fails the program can be reset to start practicing all over again. This is just an example of the many application areas. Our group will investigate the influence of virtual reality on Brazils industry. Inter-Actief has a longstanding tradition in organizing inter-continental study tours. Past couple of years, Inter-Actief went to Mexico to study artificial intelligence, South Africa in search of e-commerce, and last year South East Asia to research the use of embedded systems. The members of the organizing committee have worked very hard to accomplish this tour; coming up with the idea, preparing the tour program, obtaining the needed funds through contract researches and a lot more, all needed to facilitate this expedition. I would like to thank them for their perseverance and dedication to make this tour a success. On behalf of the board of study-association Inter-Actief, I wish all the participants a pleasant and interesting journey. Ruben Smelik Chairman of study-association Inter-Actief v S@mba Study Tour 2003 vi Brazil, the right choice Brazil, the right choice October 10th 2003 a memorable journey to Brazil will begin for 26 students and two teachers from the University of Twente. The combination of travel and research promises to become a lifetime experience. Working rapidly towards this moment, we notice how prominent Brazil is in our lives. During our summer we spot many shiny yellow T-shirts of the Brazilian national soccer team, worn by people who hardly know that the land covered by The Netherlands easily fits two hundred and fifty times into that covered by Brazil. Honestly, I never realised it myself before we started to work on this study tour. Another thing is that we hear a lot of music related to Brazil. And it is popular too. Dutch mega charts include multiple Brazil related hits like for example “E Samba”! Which some sources suggest is in the charts because travelers from the S@mba study tour declared it their theme song. Goosebumps appeared out of nothing when I was watching the news on Monday 28th of July and heard the following report: “Who wants to find kind people should go to Rio de Janeiro. Nowhere on earth you will find people as nice as in the best known city of Brazil. At least that is the conclusion of research done by an American psychologist. He tested 23 major cities all over the world on how kind its inhabitants were. The outcome was not very positive for the capital of Holland. According to the studies, nobody in Europe is as unfriendly as people from Amsterdam. Compared to them Cariocas (the inhabitants of Rio) are nothing less than good samaritans. According to the research, in Brazil being kind and being liked are important, often more important then arriving on time or even making money. In countries like the Netherlands people help strangers mainly because they think it’s their citizen duty. But hope remains. Send a hurried self-pleased Dutchman in Rio and after a while even he transforms himself into an altruistic mediating benefactor, the research predicts.” NOS Journaal, July 28th, 20:00 hours Nothing more is needed to confirm we made the right choice to go and travel through Brazil. In this preliminary report several macro aspects are described and at a meso level five sectors of Brazilian industry are explored. This will form a basis which will help us to research Virtual Reality on a micro level during our tour through Brazil. We are looking forward to discover first hand how Virtual Reality is used and what challenges exist. We will compare assumptions and expectations to what we see in reality. The results will be in our final report. Thanks go out to everyone who contributed to this report. We hope you will enjoy reading it and that you will look forward to our final report afterwards. Johan Kuperus Chairman of the study tour committee S@mba vii S@mba Study Tour 2003 Table of contents A Dutch invasion in Brazil v Brazil, the right choice vii Table of contents viii 1 About the tour 1 1.1 Evolution of S@mba 3 1.2 Study association ‘Inter-Actief’ 6 1.3 University of Twente 6 1.4 Participants 7 1.5 Tour details 13 1.6 Partners of S@mba 22 2 Research project 25 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Research question 27 2.3 Approach 28 2.4 Supporting course 29 2.5 Virtual Reality 30 3 Geography, history, technology & socio-cultural aspects 33 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Geography 36 3.3 History of Brazil 39 3.4 Socio-cultural 45 3.5 Technology 53 3.6 References 59 4 National political aspects 63 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Political history until today 66 4.3 Political stability 70 4.4 Fiscal policy 73 4.5 Environmental protection 77 4.6 Bureaucracy 79 4.7 Privatisation 81 4.8 Employment laws 84 4.9 Corruption 88 4.10 Conclusion 90 4.11 References 95 5 International political aspects 99 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 History 102 5.3 Current situation 106 5.4 Conclusion 120 5.5 References 123 viii Table of contents 6 National economical aspects 127 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 Brazil 130 6.3 The Netherlands 147 6.4 Conclusion 154 6.5 References 156 7 International economical aspects 161 7.1 Abstract 163 7.2 Introduction 164 7.3 International economic relations 165 7.4 Brazil compared to the Netherlands 181 7.5 Conclusion 187 7.6 References 188 8 Aircraft 191 8.1 Introduction 194 8.2 Sector definition 195 8.3 Demand conditions 196 8.4 Factor conditions 201 8.5 Firm strategy, structure and rivalry 204 8.6 Related and supporting industries 210 8.7 Government 213 8.8 Chance 217 8.9 Aircraft industry & the Netherlands 218 8.10 Government 220 8.11 Comparison 221 8.12 Strengths and weaknesses 222 8.13 Virtual Reality 224 8.14 Conclusion 227 8.15 References 228 9 Architecture 233 9.1 Summary 235 9.2 General introduction 237 9.3 Porter applied to Brazil 242 9.4 Porter applied to the Netherlands 257 9.5 Similarities and differences 264 9.6 Virtual reality in Brazil 266 9.7 Conclusion 269 9.8 References 270 10 Human health activities 273 10.1 Abstract 275 10.2 Introduction 276 10.3 Brazil 280 10.4 The Netherlands 294 10.5 Comparison 303 10.6 Conclusion 308 10.7 References 311 ix S@mba Study Tour 2003 11 Higher education 316 11.1 Introduction 318 11.2 Education in Brazil 319 11.3 Porter Analysis 325 11.4 The Netherlands 344 11.5 Comparison 348 11.6 Conclusion 350 11.7 References 352 12 Motion picture, video & computer game production and distribution 356 12.1 Introduction 358 12.2 Research question 359 12.3 Sector definition 360 12.4 Video game industry 362 12.5 Motion picture industry 370 12.6 References 379 13 Contract research 382 13.1 Introduction 384 13.2 Companies and assignments 385 x 1 About the tour S@mba Study Tour 2003 Chapter contents 1.1 Evolution of S@mba 3 1.1.1 The committee 3 1.1.2 The destination 4 1.1.3 The name 4 1.1.4 The research 4 1.1.5 The participants 4 1.1.6 The funding 4 1.1.7 The travel scheme 5 1.2 Study association ‘Inter-Actief’ 6 1.3 University of Twente 6 1.4 Participants 7 1.5 Tour details 13 1.5.1 São Paulo State 14 1.5.2 Minas Gerais State 14 1.5.3 Rio de Janeiro State 15 1.5.4 Travel scheme 15 1.6 Partners of S@mba 22 2 About the tour 1.1 Evolution of S@mba This chapter describes what work was carried out for this preliminary report.
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