Die Koerantkop As Kognitiewe Aanrakingsmoment

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Die Koerantkop As Kognitiewe Aanrakingsmoment DIE KOERANTKOP AS ICOGNITIEWE AANRAKINGSMOMENT deur ELRIENA DELPORT SKRIPSIE voorgele ter gedeeltelike vervulling van die vereistes vir die graad MAGISTER ARTIUM in AFRIKAANS in die FAKULTEIT LETTERE EN WYSBEGEERTE aan die RANDSE AFRIKAANSE UMVERSITEIT STUDIELEIER: PROF. W.J. BOTHA NOVEMBER 1998 VERKLARING Ek verklaar dat die skripsie wat hiermee vir die graad MAGISTER ARTIUM aan die Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit deur my ingedien word, benewens hulp wat erken is, my eie werkstuk is en nie eerder deur my vir 'n graad aan 'n ander universiteit ingedien is the. INHOLTDSOPGAWE HOOFSTUK 1: 1 INLEIDING 1 1.1 Ondersoekterrein 1 1.1.1 Agtergrond 2 1.1.1.1 Putting the body back into the mind 2 1.1.1.2 Prekonseptuele beeldskemas 3 1.1.1.3 Die ervaringsbeginsel 4 1.1.1.4 Die metafoor 4 1.1.1.5 Die kop as taalhandeling 7 1.1.1.6 Die sintaktiese aard van die kop 8 1.1.2 Afbakening van die ondersoekgebied 10 1.2 Probleemstelling 10 1.3 Hipotese 10 1.4 Werkwyse 11 HOOFSTUK 12 DETERMINANTE VIR KOGNITLEWE AANRAKING IN DIE KOP 12 2.1 Die konseptualiseringsbeginsel 12 2.1.1 Die konseptualiseringsbeginsel en die kopskrywer 14 2.1.2 Die konseptualiseringsbeginsel en die kopleser (aangesprokene) 16 2.2 Subjektivering en die konseptualiseringswerktuig 17 2.2.1 Perspektief 21 2.2.1.1 Orientasie 21 2.2.1.2 Beheersende punt 22 2.2.1.3 KoOrdinate 23 2.2.2 Begronding 25 2.2.2.1 Figure en ground 26 2.3 Die raam (Frame) 26 2.4 Ruimte en krag 27 2.5 Samevatting en vooruitskouing 28 HOOFSTUK 29 RUIMTE AS 'N KOGNIT1EWE AANRAKINGSDETERMINANT 29 3.1 Ruimte (aanvanldik fisies) as elementere domein wat prekonseptueel ervaar word 29 3.1.1 Ruimteskemas ter sprake by die kop 30 3.1.1.1 Ruimte is 'n houer: die kop is 'n houer 31 3.1.1.2 Ruimte is 'n roete: die kop is 'n roete 32 3.1.1.3 Ruimte is 'n skakel: die kop is 'n skakel 35 3.1.1.4 Ruimte is 'n deel-geheel: die kop is deel van 'n geheel 36 3.1.2. Ruimte en tyd: fisies-pragmaties 36 3.2 Ruimte: oorgedra na 'n abstrakte denkruimte 37 3.2.1 Die rol van die konseptualiseerders 39 3.2.1.1 KoOrdinate 39 3.2.1.2 Koordinaatdeterminante 40 3.2.1.2.1 Die raam 40 3.2.1.2.2 Subjektivering 41 3.2.1.2.3 Perspektief 42 3.2.1.2.4 Kognitiewe vermod van die konseptualiseerders 43 3.2.1.2.5 Emosie 43 3.2.2 Die ideale konseptualiseringsruimte van die kop 43 3.2.3 Variante van die konseptualiseringsruimte 44 3.2.3.1 Verskraalde konseptualiseringsruimte weens eng koOrdinate van die kopleser-konseptualiseerder 45 3.2.3.2 Verskraalde konseptualiseringsruimte weens eng koOrdinate van die kopskrywer-konseptualiseerder 46 3.3 Gevolgtrekking 47 HOOFSTUK IV: 49 KRAGSKEMAS TER SPRAKE BY DIE KOP 49 4.1 Krag: nog 'n prekonseptuele beeldskema 50 4.2 Twee unieke kragte 50 4.2.1 Tvliddelpuntsoekende hag 51 4.2.2 Middelpuntvliedende bag 53 4.3 Taalhandelingskrag 56 4.4 Kragskemas afleibaar van die taalvlak 57 4.4.1 Kragvoortstuwing 57 4.4.2 Kragblokkasie 59 4.4.3 Teenkrag 61 4.4.4 Kragherleiding 63 4.4.5 Obstruksieopheffing 64 4.4.6 Kragbemagtiging 65 4.4.7 Aantrekkingskrag 66 4.5 Gevolgtrekking 68 HOOFSTUK V: 70 SLOTSOM 70 BRONVERWYSINGS 73 LYS VAN FIGURE Figuur 1: Twee besigtigingsrangskikkings 19 Figuur 2: Egosentriese besigtigingsrangskikking 19 Figuur 3: Beheersende punt en koordinate van die beriggewer 24 Figuur 4: Beheersende punt en koOrdinate van die kopskrywer 25 Figuur 5: Beheersende punt en koOrdinate van die kopleser 25 Figuur 6: Die relatiewe posisie van die kop as houer binne groter, oorganklike houers 31 Figuur 7: Die kop is deel van 'n geheel 36 Figuur 8: Die kontinuum: bedreigde kognitiewe aanraking — potensieel maksimale kognitiewe aanraking 41 Figuur 9: Beweging op die kontinuum objektivering - subjektivering tydens konseptualisering van die kop 42 Figuur 10: Die ideale konseptualiseringsruimte van die kop 44 Figuur 11: Verskraalde konseptualiseringsruimte weens eng koOrdinate van die kopleser—konseptualiseerder 45 Figuur 12: Verskraalde konseptualiseringsruimte weens eng koOrdinate van die kopskrywer—konseptualiseerder 47 Figuur 13: Potensiele kragveld en middelpuntsoekende krag wat inwerk op die kop as kognitiewe aanrakingsmoment 52 Figuur 14: Driedimensionele syaansig van die potensiele kragveld en middelpuntsoekende krag wat inwerk op die kop as kognitiewe aanrakingsmoment 52 Figuur 15: Boaansig van die middelpuntvliedende krag wat kognitiewe aanraking voorafgaan en die relatiewe posisie van die kopleser—konseptualiseerder 54 Figuur 16: Driedimensionele syaansig van die relatiewe posisie van sowel die kop as die kopleser op die middelpuntvliedende baan 54 Figuur 17: Die subjektiverings- en konseptualiseringsproses van die kopleser, gegrond op middelpuntsoekende krag 55 Figuur 18: Kragvoortstuwing 57 Figuur 19: Kontinuum: Kragvoortstuwing 58 Figuur 20: Kragblokkasie 59 Figuur 21: Kontinuum: Kragblokkasie 60 Figuur 22: Teenkrag 61 Figuur 23: Kontinuum: Teenkrag 63 Figuur 24: Kragherleiding 63 Figuur 25: Obstruksieopheffang 64 Figuur 26: Kontinuum: Obstruksieopheffmng 65 Figuur 27: Kragbemagtiging 65 Figuur 28: Kontinuum: Kragbemagtiging 66 Figuur 29: Aantrekkingskrag 67 Figuur 30: Kontinuum: Aantrekkingskrag 68 ABSTRACT This study is based on the principles of the subjectivist approach of Cognitive Linguistics, as opposed to the more traditional objectivist view, specifically those principles applicable to the acquisition of mental contact between conceptualizers in a given communication situation. One of the most fundamental points of departure of Cognitive Linguistics is the opinion that abstractions (even linguistic abstractions) are modelled on man's bodily experience of his surrounding reality. These embodied experiences constitute a network of preconceptual and non-propositional image schemas, categorized as space schemas, force dynamic schemas, schemas based on sensation and basic-level objects. Several mapping processes, including metaphor and metonymy, transpose these image schemas from a preconceptual, prelinguistic level to a conceptual and linguistic niveau. A prerequisite for conceptualization through linguistic communication is to constitute mental contact between the speaker and hearer as the conceptualizers. Linguistic communication presupposes the transfer of meaning, which is based on certain cognitive variables determining mental spaces and conceptual blends. Against the preceding background, the newspaper headline, as cognitive entity, constitutes the research domain by means of which the nature of the potential mental contact between the headline writer (as speaker) and the headline reader (as hearer) in a specific communication situation is analysed and evaluated. A seemingly useful and potent cognitive measuring instrument regarding presupposed and actualised mental contact, by means of which any written or spoken communication can be analysed and evaluated, is the outcome of this study. A set of examples of headlines was collected from the Afrikaans daily newspaper, Beeld, and the Afrikaans Sunday paper, Rapport, from February 1996 until September 1998, serving as research material. KOPPE "... maar hulle is tog mense. " T.T. Cloete Die koerantredakteur sit en bid en begeer in die gewyde oggendstilte van sy kantoor: Gee dat 'n minnares weer haar konkurrent vermoor met 'n priem. Vrede en in die mens 'n welbehae - ek weet maar hoe kan ek anders aan my brood kom as in my aanskyn se sweet skrywende van terreur van seks van verkragting van dood Ek sal ook tevrede wees met 'n verkluimepisode; as dit vir die naastes wreed is, foto's laat lees lesers en my fotograwe staan gereed my taai manne wat weerbaar afgerig is om die graftonele met lense naby te bring die mooi kind se gruwelik gepynigde gesig die geplooide hol speeksellose mamond wat sing diktong by die graf. Here, ek stik, die renons maak my walgensnaar dat u die las gele het op ons koerantmanne om te openbaar. U beskikking wil dat die een se dood en een ander se bietjie pyne 'n hele maand en langer se brood is vir 'n enorme bedryf soos myne o byna het ek ondankbaar vergeet van die vrolike variasie: tussen moorde ad infinitum deur kan ons die volle vlesige lewe darem breed uitmeet met nou en dan skamele seksfoto's in kale kleur. Uit Angelliera (Tafelberg) HOOFSTUK 1: 1 INLEIDING 1 1.1 Ondersoekterrein 1 1.1.1 Agtergrond 2 1.1.1.1 Putting the body back into the mind 2 1.1.1.2 Prekonseptuele beeldskemas 3 1.1.1.3 Die ervaringsbeginsel 4 1.1.1.4 Die metafoor 4 1.1.1.5 Die kop as taa1handeling 7 1.1.1.6 Die sintaktiese aard van die kop 8 1.1.2 Afbakening van die ondersoekgebied 10 1.2 Probleemstelling 10 1.3 Hipotese 10 1.4 Werkwyse 11 DIE KOERANTKOP AS KOGNITIEWE AANRAKINGSMOMENT HOOFSTUK I: INTLEMING Met hierdie navorsing word beoog om, in die tradisie van die kognitiewe linguistiek, die kopl as kognitiewe aanrakingsmoment te analiseer en te bepaal wafter kognitiewe veranderlikes 'n rol in die totstandkoming daarvan speel. 1.1. ONDERSOEKTERREIN Kognitiewe aanraking (mental contact) tussen die spreker en die aangesprokene le suksesvolle kommunikasie ten grondslag. Sodanige aanraking word hoofsaaklik teweeggebring deur diskoers wat tussen die betrokke (gespreks)konseptualiseerders tot stand kom deur middel van die talige neerslag van grammatikale strukture (gesproke of geskrewe) daarvan. Met die begrip kognitiewe aanraking word in hierdie konteks verwys na die konseptuele integrasiemoment(e) van werklikheidservarings binne 'n abstrakte denkruimte van die konseptualiseerder. Hierdie aanraking kan of by 'n individuele konseptualiseerder tot stand kom wanner by byvoorbeeld 'n werklikheidservaring konseptualiseer, Of in 'n kommunikasieopset waar die spreker en aangesprokene se abstrakte denkruimtes maksimaal oorvleuel op grond van gedeelde werklikheidservarings. In laasgenoemde geval kan die potensiele kognitiewe aanrakingsmoment(e) wat in die kommunikasieboodskap vervat is, gerealiseer word. Die boodskap kan verbaal (gesproke of geskrewe), of nieverbaal (in die vorm van byvoorbeeld liggaamstaal of oogkontak) wees.
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