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Proctor Process’ of Faculty MAKING MENTORING MATTER: THE ‘PROCTOR PROCESS’ OF FACULTY MENTORING IN HIGHER EDUCATION By ATIYA S. STROTHERS A dissertation submitted to The Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Education Written under the direction of Benjamin Justice and Catherine A. Lugg Approved by _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2017 © 2017 Atiya S. Strothers ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Making Mentoring Matter: The ‘Proctor Process’ of Faculty Mentoring in Higher Education By ATIYA S. STROTHERS Dissertation Directors: Benjamin Justice and Catherine A. Lugg Over the past few years, there have been a number of student protests at major institutions rallying for inclusion and equity. A primary demand is increasing faculty diversity. According to the 2012 National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates, Blacks comprised fewer doctorate recipients than Whites, Asians, and Hispanics. African Americans pursuing doctoral education have various sociological and institutional challenges. In light of the challenges facing African Americans, mentoring has been seen as a critical part of doctoral education for any student. This dissertation project explored a historical mentoring model of African American doctoral students using the late Rev. Dr. Samuel DeWitt Proctor as the unit of analysis. Dr. Proctor (1921 – 1997) was a theologian and educator who was brought to Rutgers University in 1969 to assist in the advancement of diversity and social justice issues and to increase the number of students of color in graduate programs. During his tenure, he has been noted for producing the most African American doctorates in the history of Rutgers. Using a hybrid approach combining oral history and narrative inquiry, this dissertation addresses the following research questions: 1. Was there an identifiable “Proctor process” of African American doctoral student mentorship? If so, what practices did it entail? ii 2. How might the Proctor process serve as a model for mentorship of African American doctoral students today? Primary and secondary sources were used in conjunction with an oral history of six graduate students mentored by Proctor at Rutgers between 1969 and 1984. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed to highlight emerging themes. An exploration of the influence of religion and theology on mentoring for social change was incorporated as well. The data led to the development of the Proctor Model of Mentoring, and challenges the literature to consider effective faculty mentoring, intentional mentoring models for graduate students of color, and unique approaches to penetrating the doctoral pipeline in higher education. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my unborn children – All that I have, am, and do is for you. I do not know you yet, but know that mommy is working really hard so that you can have better and be better. I promise to love you selflessly and unconditionally. I promise to support you, discipline you in love, protect you, challenge you and cherish you. I promise to hold you when you are afraid, to be your strength when you are weak and to be the best mother I can possibly be for you. Whenever you look down, I will be there holding you up. Whenever you turn back, I will be behind you pushing you forward. And as you press forward, following God’s will, I will be by your side cheering you on the entire way. I pray for you now and I always will. You are my reason. You are my sunshine. You are my life. This, is for you. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future” – Jeremiah 29:11 When I was in my mother’s womb, you knew me. When I was lost, you found me. When I was sick you healed me. When I did wrong, you forgave me. In spite of it all, you love me. Jesus, you are my rock, my strength, and my everything. My acceptance into this PhD program was ordained by you. My continuation in this journey was sustained through you. My completion of this PhD journey has been made possible because of you. Without you, I am nothing. Thank you for loving me, for forgiving me, for seeing in me what others and myself could not, and for blessing me abundantly beyond more than what I could ever ask or imagine. I trust you and the best decision I have made was to submit myself to you and to follow your plan for my life. I live my life solely and fully for you, to be used by you and for your Glory and only your Glory. I love you. With love, your daughter To my chairs (Dr. Lugg & Dr. Justice) and committee members (Dr. Bay & Dr. Gasman) – thank you for challenging me and supporting me. Thank you for your flexibility and patience through this process to see me through to the end. This would not have happened without YOU!!! Thank you for your advocacy and for being everything I could have ever asked for in a mentor and more. You are my ‘Proctor’! To my grandmother Lorraine, great grandparents (Rose & Harvey Nelson and Josephine & Love Cue) and ancestors – Thank you for being the shoulders upon which I stand. You have paved the way for us all and for that I am eternally grateful. Your strength, sacrifice, and wisdom were not in vain. I hope I make you proud and I miss you dearly. To my mom – No one knows me the way you do and no one has been there for me the way you have. You love me unconditionally and I cannot thank you enough. You have seen the long nights, the frustrations, the joy, the pain, the tears, and the laughter. You have v been a part of this journey from the beginning and by the grace of God, we have made it! I love you immensely. To Nanny – You are my angel here on earth. God knew what he was doing when he sent me you. No one can ever take your place. You have done the best thing that has ever happened to me—you introduced me to Christ. There is nothing greater than that. Thank you Nanny for EVERYTHING!!! I love you. I love you. I love you. To my dad – thank you for laying a solid foundation and for being you. You have a strength like none other. You are a fighter, a builder, and you endure to the end. Love you. To my family – Tommy, Codie, Brooks, Jimira, and Aunt Ter: there is no me without you. Thank you for everything. For always being there. For making me laugh. For laughing at me, for checking me when I needed to be checked, and for the crazy dinners lol! But most importantly, thank you for loving me unconditionally and accepting me—flaws and all. You have been a steadfast constant in my life and I don’t know what I would do without you. I love you. #FOE vi To the Strothers family – I love you all! Thank you for being crazy, silly, goofy, funny, loving, and affectionate all at the same time. Your blood runs through my veins. I hope I make you proud. To my Godchildren (Morgan, Makaila, Makail, & Marquan) and their parents – thank you for entrusting me with your most precious gift and for being patient and flexible during these past few years. I promise we are going to have so much fun now that this is over, lol! To Rev. Mapson – thank you for asking the question that led to this dissertation and for the connections. For your encouragement, understanding, and unconditional support. Without you, this would not be. To my village – my Godparents for praying with me and for me and for loving me unconditionally and being a true example of God’s love. You have been there, you continue to be there, and you always will and I am forever grateful!!; Nikki, Riley, Aunt Marie & Aunt Pearl for opening your hearts and your home to me and never letting me go. Your love & support is one that I cherish dearly; The Mapson family for being a part of my foundation; Dr. & Mrs. Collins for your generosity, kindness, and support; Rev. & Mrs. Moore for being an ear to listen, having a hug to give, and having my best interest at heart; My Monumental Baptist Church family for your unwavering support, love, & prayers; My sorors (OO-OOP!); my Pitt Dyme Squad, where do I begin?! You all are my lifeline. I love ya’ll to life; and my sister friends (Houston, Marisa, & Kenya), your friendship means the world to me! Keenan, you saved my life! Thank you; Theo, thank you for always answering the phone & listening to me and helping in any way possible; Ramon, for your musical selection ☺ and your unwavering support. It does not go unnoticed. vii To Dean Blanchett and the Rutgers community – You have nurtured the scholar within and I will never be the same. Thank you for your support and for providing a solid foundation. I love Rutgers GSE! To Dr. Bond – Thank you for your support and help in this search of Proctor! To all my colleagues on this PhD journey, those who came before me and my sista-soror-scholars – where would I be without you?! We are in this together. When one of us is PhinisheD, we are all PhinisheD! I seriously would not have survived without your peer support. And thank you to Will and Westminster Seminary in PA for providing a place for me to study and do all this writing without kicking me off campus lol! To the interviewees – your stories are the strength of this project and this would not be possible without you.
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