Structural obstacles to responsible minerals What are theyyy exactly and what can we do about them?

Juana de Catheu Nezar Tamine Markus Wagner

The facts

International attention Big unrealised potential for Unique opportunity for beyond mining ddlevelopment responsible minera ls

Mining the main engine of • The DoddDodd--FrankFrank act • DRC:$2.5bn in ODA of growth in DRC (2010): • The OECD-UN GoE which $3m in the mining – 73% exports (2000-(2000- Guidance sector (2009) 2006); • The ICGLR regional • Means there to tackle – Largest source of FDI certification mechanism security sector reform, – 2 million people involved and other regional governance and other in artisanal mining alone. cooperation. structural challenges to – Potential domestic revenues which would responsible minerals. allow the state to establish its presence (<0.3% 2010). The issue

opportunity State Lack of capacity to provided domestic security revenues and socia l services Smugglin Weak Stability g and state Fiscal and revenues criminalis capacity growth ation

Violence Sustainab Responsi Conflict and le ble minerals poverty livelihood minerals s The approach

• What is needed beyond coordinated support to certification and traceability mechanisms?

• Methodology – Review of the literature (UNECA/AU, UN GoE, WB, UNDP, Global Witness, Pact, Enough) – Analysis of donor portfolio (DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda) – Interview of stakeholders (Kinshasa, Goma, Bukavu, Kigali, Kampala, Bujj)umbura) – Online questionnaire – Facilitation of joint analysis (donor HQ, Kinshasa, Goma, Bukavu, Kigali, Kampala, Bujj)umbura) The findings so far: listing the challenges

• Certification and traceability • Audit and monitoring Mining sector • Formalisation of the mining sector • Regional cooperation on mining issues • Reigning in of armed forces, securisation of mine sites and trade routes • Border control and customs • Public financial management Beyond the mining sector • Livelihoods • Empowerment of civil society The findings so far: drilling down to strategic priorities

Security Deployment of vetted, trained, equipped and paid police sector units reform Regional cooperation on border control

Livelihoods Sustainable and diversified livelihoods in mining communities Mining sector Capacity development in customs or outsourcing PFM Ring-fencing of taxes assessed on minerals

Civil Society Whistleblowing Conclusion: potential for more coherence

Mining sector Beyond the mining sector

• National coherence • National coherence

• Regional coherence • Regional coherence Next steps

• Wrapping up the desk study • ICGLRICGLR--widewide donor coordination platform • Facilit ati on of jjioin t ana llys is – Donor HQ – DRC (Kinshasa, Goma, Bukavu) – Rwanda (Kigali) – Uganda (Kampala) – Burundi (Bujumbura)