A Model of Yangtze River Capture
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This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy e n v i r o n m e n t a l s c i e n c e & p o l i c y 1 4 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 1 1 3 2 – 1 1 3 8 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envsci The environmental changes and mitigation actions in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China a, b,1 Quanfa Zhang *, Zhiping Lou a Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China b Bureau of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) is by far the world’s largest hydroelectric scheme. Due to its Published on line 17 August 2011 unprecedented magnitude, the TGD has been controversial ever since it was proposed in the early 20th century and building commenced in 1993. -
Three Gorges Dam in Hubei, China: a Cost and Benefit Analysis
Economic Analysis of Public Policy Professor Yoshitsugu Kanemoto Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo Final Report Three Gorges Dam in Hubei, China: A Cost and Benefit Analysis Felipe Francisco De Souza Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo Baozhi Gu, Kenji Kurotobi Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo Yuri Kim Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo August 2013 Executive Summary Situated on a canyon known as the Three Gorges in Hubei, China, Yangtze River’s Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW). The project was initiated by the Chinese government in 1994, with the support of different international cooperation agencies, for three main reasons. First of all, it would generate hydroelectricity to meet China’s rapidly increasing demand. Second, the Three Gorges Dam would protect millions of people living along the river from potential floods. And finally, it would transform a 600- kilometre stretch of the fast-flowing river into a smooth navigable waterway for vessels and provide business opportunities to western landlocked provinces. The Chinese government regards this project as a historic engineering, social and economic success, with the design of sophisticated large turbines, and a move toward limiting greenhouse gas emissions. However, the dam has been a controversial topic, the reason why a cost and benefit analysis was developed to understand all possible variables related to this gigantic project and its complicated development process. For the evaluation of major benefit components, special care was taken to understand flood control (and dam’s capacity to control 100 years events); electricity generation (and the reduction of CO2 emissions); and the enhanced shipping capacity (allowing the transit of large quantities of cargos). -
Geographical Overview of the Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir, China—Geologic Hazards and Environmental Impacts
Geographical Overview of the Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir, China—Geologic Hazards and Environmental Impacts Open-File Report 2008–1241 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Geographical Overview of the Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir, China— Geologic Hazards and Environmental Impacts By Lynn M. Highland Open-File Report 2008–1241 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Highland, L.M., 2008, Geographical overview of the Three Gorges dam and reservoir, China—Geologic hazards and environmental impacts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1241, 79 p. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1241/ iii Contents Slide 1...............................................................................................................................................................1 -
Safety Navigation Control of Huangshi Bridge
Advances in Engineering Research, volume 166 3rd International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2018) Safety Navigation Control of Huangshi Bridge Tongtong Lu1,a,*, Zeyuan Shao1,b, Huachao Peng1 and Wanzheng Ai2,c, Honggang Zhang2 1Marine College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P. R. China 2Marine College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P. R. China a [email protected], b [email protected], c [email protected] *corresponding author Keywords: Bridge area; Ships; Security; Navigation; Control. Abstract: Based on the analysis of the hydrological conditions, navigable conditions and navigable accidents of Huangshi Bridge, this paper puts forward the safety navigable control measures of Huangshi Bridge . 1. Introduction Huangshi Yangtze River Bridge is a super large bridge on National Highway 318, located in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The length of the bridge is 2580.08 meters, the length of the main bridge is 1060 meters and the width of the bridge is 20m.Yellowstone bank approach bridge 840.7 meters long, consisting of continuous box girder bridge and bridge deck continuous T-beam bridge; Xishui shore approach bridge is 679.21 meters long and consists of a continuous T-beam bridge on the deck. The main pier adopts 28m diameter double-wall steel cofferdam and 16 Φ 3-meter bored cast-in-place pile foundation, which has high anti-ship impact capability. Navigable clearance 200x24 meters, can accommodate 5000 tons of single ships or 32000 tons of large fleet up and down navigation. However, since the construction of the bridge, there have been many accidents, and have been cited as teaching materials with improper distribution of bridge holes.[1]. -
Sanctuary Yangzi Explorer2.03Mb
SANCTUARY YANGZI EXPLORER CHINA Experience the mighty, mysterious Yangtze River with Sanctuary Retreats LUXURY, NATURALLY Awe-inspiring natural beauty, iconic World Heritage sites and cultures enhanced over centuries – these are the riches around as you sail China’s legendary waterway. The guiding philosophy of all Sanctuary cruises and safari lodges is ‘Luxury, naturally’, and Sanctuary Yangzi Explorer gets you as close as possible to central China’s most captivating landscapes amid authentic charm and unrivalled comfort. This unique cruise steers you to dramatic destinations old and new, and gives glimpses of remote riverside life while you take pleasure in a relaxing journey with unrivalled amenities. Explore the largest man-made cave in the world, admire forest-cloaked peaks and feel personally introduced to time-tested traditions thanks to time on Sanctuary Yangzi Explorer – it’s a boutique hotel with five-star service floating on the Golden River. The carefully curated itineraries combine fascinating history-steeped cities with soul-uplifting rural stories along Asia’s longest river. The port of Chongqing, a Municipality located in the Sichuan Province - is the gateway to the 3,915-mile Yangtze. Meander through the Three Gorges, which extend 120 miles into the river’s middle reaches; discover the mountains of the Fuling district; take a whirl on a wooden sampan along the Shennong Stream as Tujia boatmen spill local secrets. Learn about each beguiling destination from small-group excursions and English-speaking experts. And wake -
团费全包 全程不走购物站 独家世界奇观恩施大峡谷 《Transformers》拍摄地天生三桥 超5星三峡游轮–黄金游轮 1.武隆风味、3.土家风味、 2.宜昌风味、4.大足风味、5.重庆鸳鸯火锅 餐标高于一般旅游团餐
9天7晚 长江三峡 重庆/ 武 隆天 坑 三 桥 重庆 恩施大峡谷(无购物站) Tour Code: CN9CKG-D7 团费全包 全程不走购物站 独家世界奇观恩施大峡谷 《Transformers》拍摄地天生三桥 超5星三峡游轮–黄金游轮 1.武隆风味、3.土家风味、 2.宜昌风味、4.大足风味、5.重庆鸳鸯火锅 餐标高于一般旅游团餐 第1天 吉隆坡-重庆 宿:重庆★★★★★海逸酒店或同级 集合于吉隆坡机场,乘搭航班飞往重庆。抵达后,送往酒店入住。 第2天 重庆-武隆 早/午/晚餐 宿:武隆★★★★渝珠花园酒店或同级 早餐后,前往“武隆”,名气因成了电影拍摄地《满城尽带黄金甲》,《变形金刚4》,唤起了游客对武隆的好奇与兴趣。抵达后, 游览亚洲最大的天生桥群【天生三桥】,由天龙桥、青龙桥、黑龙桥组成,三座天生石拱桥呈纵向排列,平行横跨在羊水河峡谷 上,将两岸山体连在一起,构成了世界奇观。值得一提的是,这还是张艺谋拍摄《满城尽带黄金甲》的唯一外景地,“天福官驿” 这座古色古香的四合院里,还留下了马车、盔甲、刀剑等道具公参观拍照。接着,游览素有“东方瑞士”之称,具有西欧牧原风情 的南国第一牧场【仙女山】,精心为您安排乘坐【小火车】游览,在大草原上环绕一周。 第3天 武隆-恩施 早/午/晚餐 宿:恩施★★★★郎曼国际大酒店或同级 早餐后,前往恩施游览【土司城】,城内建有土家族、苗族、侗族三个民族的传统建筑,以展示各具特色的建筑、雕刻艺术。也是 全国土家族吊脚楼中规模最大、风格最典型的仿古建筑群。景区包括门楼、侗族风雨桥、廪君祠、校场、土家族民居、土司王宫 “九进堂”、城墙、钟楼、鼓楼、百花园、民族艺苑等,反映了土家族的历史渊源,展示了土家族古老而淳厚的民风民俗。 第4天 恩斯(动车)宜昌 早/午/晚餐 宿:长江三峡★★★★★黄金系列游轮 早餐后,游览【恩施大峡谷】,与美国科罗拉多大峡谷难分伯仲的惊世大峡谷,是世界最美的大峡谷,感受大自然的鬼斧神工和人 们智慧的巧夺天工,参观峡谷中的百里绝壁、千丈瀑布、原始森林、远古村寨等景点,是整个清江大断裂景观的精华。接着,乘搭 【动车】(约2小时)前往宜昌。晚餐后,入住【5星长江黄金系列】邮轮。长江三峡是【西陵峡】、【巫峡】、【瞿塘峡】三段峡谷 的总称,是长江上最为奇秀壮丽的山水画廊,全长192公里,也就是常说的“大三峡”。 第5天 长江三峡 早/午/晚餐 宿:长江三峡★★★★★黄金系列游轮 船抵【三峡大坝】,上岸游览全球规模最大的水利工程【大坝水利枢纽工程】;具备【防止洪水】、【发电工程】、【航运改善】 三大效应。接着,船上欣赏三峡观光的第一段峡谷【西陵峡】,是三峡中最长的一段峡谷,以险著称。接着,游船将会进入三峡最 伟大工程【五级船闸】。晚上,参与【船长欢迎酒会】。 第6天 长江三峡 早/午/晚餐 宿:长江三峡★★★★★黄金系列游轮 船上甲板观光以幽深奇秀著称的【巫峡】,最为著名的是【巫山十二峰】,尤以【神女峰】最具魅力。游船停泊于巫山后,上岸换 乘小船游览【巫山小三峡】。 第7天 长江三峡 早/午/晚餐 宿:长江三峡★★★★★黄金系列游轮 早餐后,上岸游览【丰都鬼城】,以各种的阴曹地府的建筑和造型著名。接着,船上观赏三峡中最短的一段峡谷,以雄伟险峻著称 的【瞿塘峡】。晚上,参与【船长欢送晚宴】。 第8天 长江三峡-重庆-吉隆坡 早/午/晚餐 重庆下船。游览【大足石刻】,以其规模宏大、雕刻精美和保存完整而著称于世,有石刻造像总计大约10万尊,集合了中国佛教、 道教、儒家“三教”造像艺术的精华。接着,游览【解放碑步行街】,素有步行三步能见一美女,十步就能看见一个模特儿之称。 晚餐后,送往机场飞返吉隆坡。 第9天 抵达吉隆坡 清晨抵达吉隆坡机场。 *酒店以当地星级为准.行程安排仅供参考,以最终航班及酒店确认为准* 亚航X: D7 350 吉隆坡-重庆 1910-2330 D7 351 重庆-吉隆坡 0015-0435 出发日期: | 团费: | 购物站:保证全程不进购物站 Esplanad Holiday Sdn Bhd | Hunting Line: +6 03 - 9173 6300 | Fax: +6 03 - 9171 6300 Tour Code: CN9CKG-D7 9Days 7Nights Yangtze River Three Gorges (Bullet train) Chongqing. -
Dissertation Section 1
Elegies for Empire The Poetics of Memory in the Late Work of Du Fu (712-770) Gregory M. Patterson Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 ! 2013 Gregory M. Patterson All rights reserved ABSTRACT Elegies for Empire: The Poetics of Memory in the Late Work of Du Fu (712-770) Gregory M. Patterson This dissertation explores highly influential constructions of the past at a key turning point in Chinese history by mapping out what I term a poetics of memory in the more than four hundred poems written by Du Fu !" (712-770) during his two-year stay in the remote town of Kuizhou (modern Fengjie County #$%). A survivor of the catastrophic An Lushan rebellion (756-763), which transformed Tang Dynasty (618-906) politics and culture, Du Fu was among the first to write in the twilight of the Chinese medieval period. His most prescient anticipation of mid-Tang concerns was his restless preoccupation with memory and its mediations, which drove his prolific output in Kuizhou. For Du Fu, memory held the promise of salvaging and creatively reimagining personal, social, and cultural identities under conditions of displacement and sweeping social change. The poetics of his late work is characterized by an acute attentiveness to the material supports—monuments, rituals, images, and texts—that enabled and structured connections to the past. The organization of the study attempts to capture the range of Du Fu’s engagement with memory’s frameworks and media. It begins by examining commemorative poems that read Kuizhou’s historical memory in local landmarks, decoding and rhetorically emulating great deeds of classical exemplars. -
Formation Mechanism for Upland Low-Relief Surface Landscapes in the Three Gorges Region, China
remote sensing Article Formation Mechanism for Upland Low-Relief Surface Landscapes in the Three Gorges Region, China Lingyun Lv 1,2, Lunche Wang 1,2,* , Chang’an Li 1,2, Hui Li 1,2 , Xinsheng Wang 3 and Shaoqiang Wang 1,2,4 1 Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (S.W.) 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 3 Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; [email protected] 4 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 November 2020; Accepted: 26 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Abstract: Extensive areas with low-relief surfaces that are almost flat surfaces high in the mountain ranges constitute the dominant geomorphic feature of the Three Gorges area. However, their origin remains a matter of debate, and has been interpreted previously as the result of fluvial erosion after peneplain uplift. Here, a new formation mechanism for these low-relief surface landscapes has been proposed, based on the analyses of low-relief surface distribution, swath profiles, χ mapping, river capture landform characteristics, and a numerical analytical model. The results showed that the low-relief surfaces in the Three Gorges area could be divided into higher elevation and lower elevation surfaces, distributed mainly in the highlands between the Yangtze River and Qingjiang River. -
Yangtze Highlights Upstream Cruise Brochure
Yangtze Highlights Cruise YICHANG ! 3 GORGES DAM ! SMALL GORGES ! 3 GORGES ! CHONGQING About this Tour TourAbout this Tour Summary This upstream cruise takes you on a fabulous adventure that focuses on the picturesque 3 Gorges region. Various shore excursions have been planned to give you an insight into some wonderful places of interest that span the mighty Yangtze River. Along the way you’ll witness some of the most beautiful sceneries and meet fascinating local people whose ancestors have inhabited these areas for thousands of years. This highlights cruise is a perfect compliment to other China Tours Activity Highlights 3 Gorges Dam inspection; the 3 Gorges Ship Lock; Xiling Gorge; shore excursion to visit the Tribe of the 3 Gorges; Small Gorges of the Daning Inclusions River excursion, Wu Gorge; Qutang Gorge; 4 nights twin-share accommodation in a Superior Cabin Fengdu ‘Ghost City’ shore excursion and a with private balcony; Breakfast (B), Lunch (L) & Dinner complimentary Chongqing City tour. (D) as per the itinerary; morning & afternoon tea & coffee breaks; shore excursions; onboard lectures, shows & activities; Accredited English-speaking Cruise Director and Tour Guide, complimentary Chongqing City tour; Tour Itinerary next page u entry fees & transport for all tours and transfers. LetsdoChina.com u Yangtze Highlights Cruise (upstream) u www.letsdochina.com Page 1 Tour Itinerary DAY 3 The 3 Gorges Today an excursion through the Daning River Small Gorges or Shennong Stream Small Gorges is scheduled. Later the ship will navigate through the towering cliffs of Wu Gorge. Next you’ll pass through Qutang Gorge which is the narrowest yet most dramatic – providing many opportunities for you to capture some wonderful photos. -
A Yangtze Three Gorges Adventure ,,,,, .', ,'
CL-15 N OT FOR PUBI' WITHOUT WRITER'S CONSENTIcATION] INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS LIFE & HU,,MAN RESPONS!,B!L!,TY: A YANGTZE THREE GORGES ADVENTURE ,,,,, .', ,',,, Part III "Damn Dam!" Shanghai, China Summer 1994 Mr. Peter Bird Martin Executive Director Institute of Current World Affairs 4 West Wheelock Street Hanover, NH 03755 U.S.A. Dear Peter, "How could it be possible that the Chinese government has still decided to build the dam at all with the great impact on the environment, cultural relics and migration?" Tony asked me when we stood on. the deck enjoying the beautiful scenery of the Xiling Gorge in the early morning of our last day ofthe cruise. "Is it a silly question?" Tony wanted to have my opinion. "No, not at all," I told Tony. "This is also the question that has puzzled me for several years." When I was a graduate student at Princeton, I intended to write a term paper on the feasibility of the Three Gorges Dam. But later I found it was extremely difficult to get information concerning the dam project because any data related to Cheng Li is a an ICWA fellow studying the political economy of the coast of China. Since 1925 the Institute of Current World Affairs (the Crane-Rogers Foundation) has provided long-term fellowships to enable outstanding young adults to live outside the United Sates and write about international areas and issues. Endowed by the late Charles R. Crane, the Institute is also supported by conu'ibutions from like-minded individuals and foundations. CL-15 2 A scene of the Xiling Gorge. -
February 1995 Vol.7 No.2 the THREE GORGES DAM in CHINA: Forced Resettlement, Suppression of Dissent and Labor Rights Concern
February 1995 Vol.7 No.2 THE THREE GORGES DAM IN CHINA: Forced Resettlement, Suppression of Dissent and Labor Rights Concerns I . Summary. .3 II. Muzzling the Critics . .5 III. Case of the "Democratic Youth Party". .9 IV. Population Relocation Program. 11 V. Labor Rights. 17 VI. Conclusions. 19 VII. Recommendations . 21 Appendix I . 24 Appendix II. 30 Appendix III . 37 Appendix IV. 45 I . Summary In April 1992, China's National People's Congress (npc) formally approved the "Resolution on the Construction of the Yangtze River Three Gorges Project," marking the conclusion of decades of controversy within the Chinese leadership in favor of supporters of the world's biggest-ever river dam project. Despite strenuous government attempts to muzzle the debate, almost one-third of the normally compliant npc delegates, in an unprecedented display of legislative dissent, either abstained or cast opposition votes. The following year, a pilot project for the resettlement of an estimated 1.1 to 1.6 million inhabitants of the proposed 600-kilometer-long reservoir area drew to a close and, in early 1994, the full resettlement program began in earnest. By mid-year, excavation and preparation of the dam's foundations were underway at Sandouping, the chosen dam site just downstream of the world-famous Three Gorges scenic area; in December, Premier Li Peng formally declared the project open. The Chinese government has offered overseas manufacturers US$3 billion worth of machinery and equipment contracts and will reportedly seek an additional US$5 billion or so in overseas funding for the project. International tendering has already begun for a preliminary range of dam-related construction contracts. -
Downloaded in This Study the Was Level Conducted 1C Top of Onatmosphere the Google (L1C Earth Enginetoa) Data (GEE) from Platform 2017 to and 2018 Locally
remote sensing Article Retrieval and Spatio-Temporal Variations Analysis of Yangtze River Water Clarity from 2017 to 2020 Based on Sentinel-2 Images Yelong Zhao 1,2, Shenglei Wang 2, Fangfang Zhang 2,* , Qian Shen 2 and Junsheng Li 2,3,4 1 School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China; [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (Q.S.); [email protected] (J.L.) 3 Key Laboratory of Earth Observation Hainan Province, Sanya 572029, China 4 School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-137-1765-5892 Abstract: The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world. Monitoring and protecting its water quality are important for economic and social development. Water clarity (Secchi disk depth, SDD) is an important reference index for evaluating water quality. In this study, Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument (MSI) remote sensing images were utilized together with the Forel-Ule index (FUI) and hue angle α to construct an SDD retrieval model, which was applied to the Yangtze River from 2017 to 2020, which was used to describe color in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color space to construct an SDD retrieval model that was applied to the Yangtze River for the period 2017–2020. Further, the spatial distribution, seasonal variation, inter-annual variation, and Citation: Zhao, Y.; Wang, S.; Zhang, driving factors of the observed SDD variations were analyzed.