Field Bindweed Convolvulus Arvensis

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Field bindweed Other common names: Morning glory, lesser USDA symbol: COAR4 Convolvulus arvensis bindweed, withy wind, possession vine, creeping jenny ODA rating: B and T Introduction: Distributed widely in North America, it was most likely introduced as a contaminant in grains and crop seed. This deep-rooted perennial causes significant economic harm in cereal crops, orchards, in vegetable production and mint. Organic agriculture is very difficult in infested fields. Tillage increases plant densities within a field and herbicidal control is challenging depending on the crop and herbicide selectivity. It is a common pest of yards and landscapes where control options are limited. Distribution in Oregon: It is widely distributed in Oregon inhabiting roadsides; grasslands grain fields and urban landscapes. It is a common feature in home gardens. Description: Field bindweed is a deep-rooted herbaceous perennial. Its stems are prostrate, one to four feet long often climbing fences and shrubs or forming dense tangled mats. Leaves are alternate, arrowhead-shaped with lobes at the base. Flowers are bell or trumpet shaped, white to pinkish and one inch in diameter. Its fruit is a small, round capsule, usually four-seeded. It looks and grows similar to the ornamental morning glory. Impacts: Considered a pest throughout the United States, bindweed is known for its ability to reduce crop yields. It competes with crops for moisture and nutrients, and is difficult to remove once established. The twining nature of the plant hampers harvesting of crops, especially in orchards and vineyards. Biological controls: Two approved biological control agents, a moth and a mite are established in Oregon. Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control Program Photos by Mary Ellen Harte, 635 Capitol Street NE Salem, OR 97301 503-986-4621 Tom Heutte, and Steve Dewey Bugwood.org www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Weeds/Pages/Default.aspx .

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Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species
Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect.
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Field Bindweed (Convolvulus Arvensis): “All ” Tied Up
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