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Comparison of Norepinephrine and Cafedrine/Theodrenaline Regimens for Maintaining Maternal Blood Pressure During
IBIMA Publishing Obstetrics & Gynecology: An International Journal http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/GYNE/gyne.html Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 714966, 12 pages DOI: 10.5171/2015.714966 Research Article Comparison of Norepinephrine and Cafedrine/Theodrenaline Regimens for Maintaining Maternal Blood Pressure during Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section Hoyme, M.1, Scheungraber, C.2, Reinhart, K.3 and Schummer, W.3 1Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology) Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany 2Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany 3Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to: Schummer, W.; [email protected] Received date: 9 January 2014; Accepted date: 4 April 2014; Published date: 26 August 2015 Academic Editor: Dan Benhamou Copyright © 2015. Hoyme, M., Scheungraber, C., Reinhart, K. and Schummer, W. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Abstract Common phenomena of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean sections are hypotension and cardiovascular depression, both of which require immediate action. Akrinor® (theodrenaline and cafedrine), a sympathomimetic agent commonly used in Germany for such cases, was phased out with little notice at the end of 2005. Phenylephrine was not and is not an approved drug. Norepinephrine became the first-line drug. The outcome in neonates delivered by elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia was studied. At our university hospital, all elective caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia from 2005 and 2006 were analysed regarding hypotension and the vasopressor administered. If maternal arterial pressure decreased by more than 20% of baseline, patients in 2005 received Akrinor®; patients in 2006 received norepinephrine. -
Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean
REVIEW CURRENT OPINION Hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: how to approach the iatrogenic sympathectomy Christina Massotha, Lisa To¨pelb, and Manuel Wenkb Purpose of review Hypotension during cesarean section remains a frequent complication of spinal anesthesia and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal events. Recent findings Despite ongoing research, no single measure for sufficient treatment of spinal-induced hypotension was 05/25/2020 on BhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVDezntqwKeJGjCYTUOBBz0EyVSh+WquM7uJo3U//pWTO by http://journals.lww.com/co-anesthesiology from Downloaded Downloaded identified so far. Current literature discusses the efficacy of low-dose spinal anesthesia, timing and solutions for adequate fluid therapy and various vasopressor regimens. Present guidelines favor the use of from phenylephrine over ephedrine because of decreased umbilical cord pH values, while norepinephrine is http://journals.lww.com/co-anesthesiology discussed as a probable superior alternative with regard to maternal bradycardia, although supporting data is limited. Alternative pharmacological approaches, such as 5HT3-receptor antagonists and physical methods may be taken into consideration to further improve hemodynamic stability. Summary Current evidence favors a combined approach of low-dose spinal anesthesia, adequate fluid therapy and vasopressor support to address maternal spinal-induced hypotension. As none of the available vasopressors by is associated with relevantly impaired maternal and fetal outcomes, none of them should -
Tainted Products Marketed As Dietary Supplements
Tainted Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements Jason Humbert, MPS Nicole Kornspan, MPH Regulatory Operations Officer Consumer Safety Officer Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Affairs Health Fraud Branch Overview • Definition of health fraud • Tainted products – then and now • Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) • Concerns related to tainted products • Enforcement challenges • Resources 2 FDA Definition of Health Fraud • The deceptive promotion, advertisement, or sale of products as being effective to diagnose, prevent, cure, treat, or mitigate disease, or to provide a beneficial effect on health, but which have not been scientifically proven safe and effective for such purposes. • May be deliberate, or done without adequate knowledge or understanding of the product. 3 Health Fraud: What are the Risks? • Direct health hazard: product is likely to cause injury, death or other serious adverse effect when used as directed • Indirect health hazard: product poses no direct hazard, but consumer is likely to delay or discontinue appropriate medical treatment by relying on product. 4 4 Tainted Products – Then • 1865-1906: “Golden age” of American quackery • 1905 estimate: 50,000 patent medicines – Drugs were bought and sold like any other consumer good. – Contain dangerous, addictive, misidentified ingredients – Alcohol, cocaine, heroin, opium, without restrictions – Did not have to disclose ingredients – No warnings about misuse – Manufacturer not listed 5 Tainted Products – Now 6 6 Dietary Supplement -
Screening of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Their Analogs in Dietary Supplements by Liquid Chromatography–Hybrid Ion Trap–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
molecules Article Screening of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Their Analogs in Dietary Supplements by Liquid Chromatography–Hybrid Ion Trap–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry 1,2, 1,3, 4 5 3 Unyong Kim y, Hyun-Deok Cho y, Myung Hee Kang , Joon Hyuk Suh , Han Young Eom , Junghyun Kim 6, Sumin Seo 1, Gunwoo Kim 1, Hye Ryoung Koo 1, Nary Ha 1, Un Tak Song 1 and Sang Beom Han 1,* 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; [email protected] (U.K.); [email protected] (H.-D.C.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (H.R.K); [email protected] (N.H.); [email protected] (U.T.S.) 2 Biocomplete Co., Ltd., 272 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08389, Korea 3 Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics Study Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; [email protected] 4 Agro-Livestock and Fishery Products Division, Busan Regional Korea Food and Drug Administration, 222 Geoje-daero, Yunje-gu, Busan 47537, Korea; [email protected] 5 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; joonhyuksuh@ufl.edu 6 Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchoon-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26460, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-820-5596 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 22 May 2020; Accepted: 9 June 2020; Published: 12 June 2020 Abstract: An accurate and reliable method based on ion trap–time of flight mass spectrometry (IT–TOF MS) was developed for screening phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, and their analogs in dietary supplements. -
Pharmacy and Poisons (Third and Fourth Schedule Amendment) Order 2017
Q UO N T FA R U T A F E BERMUDA PHARMACY AND POISONS (THIRD AND FOURTH SCHEDULE AMENDMENT) ORDER 2017 BR 111 / 2017 The Minister responsible for health, in exercise of the power conferred by section 48A(1) of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979, makes the following Order: Citation 1 This Order may be cited as the Pharmacy and Poisons (Third and Fourth Schedule Amendment) Order 2017. Repeals and replaces the Third and Fourth Schedule of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979 2 The Third and Fourth Schedules to the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979 are repealed and replaced with— “THIRD SCHEDULE (Sections 25(6); 27(1))) DRUGS OBTAINABLE ONLY ON PRESCRIPTION EXCEPT WHERE SPECIFIED IN THE FOURTH SCHEDULE (PART I AND PART II) Note: The following annotations used in this Schedule have the following meanings: md (maximum dose) i.e. the maximum quantity of the substance contained in the amount of a medicinal product which is recommended to be taken or administered at any one time. 1 PHARMACY AND POISONS (THIRD AND FOURTH SCHEDULE AMENDMENT) ORDER 2017 mdd (maximum daily dose) i.e. the maximum quantity of the substance that is contained in the amount of a medicinal product which is recommended to be taken or administered in any period of 24 hours. mg milligram ms (maximum strength) i.e. either or, if so specified, both of the following: (a) the maximum quantity of the substance by weight or volume that is contained in the dosage unit of a medicinal product; or (b) the maximum percentage of the substance contained in a medicinal product calculated in terms of w/w, w/v, v/w, or v/v, as appropriate. -
Vardenafil Better Choice for Premature Ejaculation
August 15, 2005 • www.familypracticenews.com Men’s Health 47 Vardenafil Better Choice for Premature Ejaculation BY ROBERT FINN (24%) of the men and was secondary (in On a self-rating scale of 0-8, where 0 Center but is now at the University of San Francisco Bureau most cases to erectile dysfunction) in the means PE almost never, 4 means PE about Hamburg. remaining 26 men (77%). half the time, and 8 means PE almost al- Self-ratings of sexual satisfaction, on a 0- S AN A NTONIO — Vardenafil improved After a 4-week run-in period, 17 men ways, the mean score was 6.14 at baseline, 5 scale, where 0 means not at all satisfied premature ejaculation more than sertra- were given 10-mg vardenafil 10 minutes 4.28 with sertraline, and 3.2 with varde- and 5 means extremely satisfied, averaged line, Frank Sommer, M.D., reported at the before intercourse for 6 weeks. The other nafil. 1.4 at baseline, 3.2 with sertraline, and 4.2 annual meeting of the American Urolog- 17 received 50 mg of sertraline 4 hours be- IVELT, as measured by a stopwatch, with vardenafil. In addition, the partners’ ical Association. fore intercourse. averaged 0.54 minutes at baseline, 2.87 sexual satisfaction showed significant in- Both vardenafil (Levitra), a phosphodi- After a 1-week washout period, the men minutes with sertraline, and 5.23 minutes creases for sertraline and even more so for esterase-5 inhibitor, and sertraline (Zoloft), who had been receiving sertraline with vardenafil, reported Dr. Sommer, vardenafil. -
Wo 2010/075090 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 1 July 2010 (01.07.2010) WO 2010/075090 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07D 409/14 (2006.01) A61K 31/7028 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07D 409/12 (2006.01) A61P 11/06 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US2009/068073 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 15 December 2009 (15.12.2009) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, (26) Publication Language: English TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/122,478 15 December 2008 (15.12.2008) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AUS- ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, PEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. -
Repurposing Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Tadalafil and Vardenafil to Increase Bone Mass
Repurposing erectile dysfunction drugs tadalafil and vardenafil to increase bone mass Se-Min Kima,b,1, Charit Tanejaa,b, Helena Perez-Penac, Vitaly Ryua,b, Anisa Gumerovaa,b, Wenliang Lic, Naseer Ahmada,b, Ling-Ling Zhua,b, Peng Liua,b, Mehr Mathewa,b, Funda Korkmaza,b, Sakshi Geraa,b, Damini Santa,b, Elina Hadeliaa,b, Kseniia Ievlevaa,b,d, Tan-Chun Kuoa,b, Hirotaka Miyashitaa,b, Li Liue,f, Irina Tourkovae,f, Sarah Stanleyb, Daria Liznevaa,b, Jameel Iqbala,b, Li Suna,b, Ronald Tamlerb, Harry C. Blaire,f, Maria I. Newa,g,1, Shozeb Haiderc, Tony Yuena,b,2, and Mone Zaidia,b,2 aThe Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; bDepartment of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; cDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom; dDepartment of Reproductive Health, Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation; eDepartment of Pathology, Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240; fDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and gDepartment of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 Contributed by Maria I. New, April 17, 2020 (sent for review January 27, 2020; reviewed by Yousef Abu-Amer, Fayez F. Safadi, and Mei Wan) We report that two widely-used drugs for erectile dysfunction, bone mass, respectively (18, 19). Likewise, soluble guanylate cy- tadalafil and vardenafil, trigger bone gain in mice through a com- clase has also been targeted for bone gain (20, 21). -
Pharmacology on Your Palms CLASSIFICATION of the DRUGS
Pharmacology on your palms CLASSIFICATION OF THE DRUGS DRUGS FROM DRUGS AFFECTING THE ORGANS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DIFFERENT DRUGS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TISSUES DRUGS PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUPS Drugs affecting peripheral Antitumor drugs Drugs affecting the cardiovascular Antimicrobial, antiviral, Drugs affecting the nervous system Antiallergic drugs system antiparasitic drugs central nervous system Drugs affecting the sensory Antidotes nerve endings Cardiac glycosides Antibiotics CNS DEPRESSANTS (AFFECTING THE Antihypertensive drugs Sulfonamides Analgesics (opioid, AFFERENT INNERVATION) Antianginal drugs Antituberculous drugs analgesics-antipyretics, Antiarrhythmic drugs Antihelminthic drugs NSAIDs) Local anaesthetics Antihyperlipidemic drugs Antifungal drugs Sedative and hypnotic Coating drugs Spasmolytics Antiviral drugs drugs Adsorbents Drugs affecting the excretory system Antimalarial drugs Tranquilizers Astringents Diuretics Antisyphilitic drugs Neuroleptics Expectorants Drugs affecting the hemopoietic system Antiseptics Anticonvulsants Irritant drugs Drugs affecting blood coagulation Disinfectants Antiparkinsonian drugs Drugs affecting peripheral Drugs affecting erythro- and leukopoiesis General anaesthetics neurotransmitter processes Drugs affecting the digestive system CNS STIMULANTS (AFFECTING THE Anorectic drugs Psychomotor stimulants EFFERENT PART OF THE Bitter stuffs. Drugs for replacement therapy Analeptics NERVOUS SYSTEM) Antiacid drugs Antidepressants Direct-acting-cholinomimetics Antiulcer drugs Nootropics (Cognitive -
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, people speaking of phosphodiesterase are referring to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases, as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains. PDEs are therefore important regulators ofsignal transduction mediated by these second messenger molecules. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Inhibitors, Activators & Modulators (+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (R)-(-)-Rolipram Cat. No.: HY-N8209 ((R)-Rolipram; (-)-Rolipram) Cat. No.: HY-16900A (+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a (R)-(-)-Rolipram is the R-enantiomer of Rolipram. lignan glucoside with strong inhibitory activity Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of of 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterases PDE4 with IC50 of 3 nM, 130 nM phosphodiesterase. and 240 nM for PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.91% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg (R)-DNMDP (S)-(+)-Rolipram Cat. No.: HY-122751 ((+)-Rolipram; (S)-Rolipram) Cat. No.: HY-B0392 (R)-DNMDP is a potent and selective cancer cell (S)-(+)-Rolipram ((+)-Rolipram) is a cyclic cytotoxic agent. (R)-DNMDP, the R-form of DNMDP, AMP(cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) binds PDE3A directly. -
Prohibited Substances List
Prohibited Substances List This is the Equine Prohibited Substances List that was voted in at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009 alongside the new Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations(EADCMR). Neither the List nor the EADCM Regulations are in current usage. Both come into effect on 1 January 2010. The current list of FEI prohibited substances remains in effect until 31 December 2009 and can be found at Annex II Vet Regs (11th edition) Changes in this List : Shaded row means that either removed or allowed at certain limits only SUBSTANCE ACTIVITY Banned Substances 1 Acebutolol Beta blocker 2 Acefylline Bronchodilator 3 Acemetacin NSAID 4 Acenocoumarol Anticoagulant 5 Acetanilid Analgesic/anti-pyretic 6 Acetohexamide Pancreatic stimulant 7 Acetominophen (Paracetamol) Analgesic/anti-pyretic 8 Acetophenazine Antipsychotic 9 Acetylmorphine Narcotic 10 Adinazolam Anxiolytic 11 Adiphenine Anti-spasmodic 12 Adrafinil Stimulant 13 Adrenaline Stimulant 14 Adrenochrome Haemostatic 15 Alclofenac NSAID 16 Alcuronium Muscle relaxant 17 Aldosterone Hormone 18 Alfentanil Narcotic 19 Allopurinol Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (anti-hyperuricaemia) 20 Almotriptan 5 HT agonist (anti-migraine) 21 Alphadolone acetate Neurosteriod 22 Alphaprodine Opiod analgesic 23 Alpidem Anxiolytic 24 Alprazolam Anxiolytic 25 Alprenolol Beta blocker 26 Althesin IV anaesthetic 27 Althiazide Diuretic 28 Altrenogest (in males and gelidngs) Oestrus suppression 29 Alverine Antispasmodic 30 Amantadine Dopaminergic 31 Ambenonium Cholinesterase inhibition 32 Ambucetamide Antispasmodic 33 Amethocaine Local anaesthetic 34 Amfepramone Stimulant 35 Amfetaminil Stimulant 36 Amidephrine Vasoconstrictor 37 Amiloride Diuretic 1 Prohibited Substances List This is the Equine Prohibited Substances List that was voted in at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009 alongside the new Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations(EADCMR). -
Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9