Phosphodiesterase (PDE)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, people speaking of phosphodiesterase are referring to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases, as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains. PDEs are therefore important regulators ofsignal transduction mediated by these second messenger molecules. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Inhibitors, Activators & Modulators (+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (R)-(-)-Rolipram Cat. No.: HY-N8209 ((R)-Rolipram; (-)-Rolipram) Cat. No.: HY-16900A (+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a (R)-(-)-Rolipram is the R-enantiomer of Rolipram. lignan glucoside with strong inhibitory activity Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of of 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterases PDE4 with IC50 of 3 nM, 130 nM phosphodiesterase. and 240 nM for PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.91% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg (R)-DNMDP (S)-(+)-Rolipram Cat. No.: HY-122751 ((+)-Rolipram; (S)-Rolipram) Cat. No.: HY-B0392 (R)-DNMDP is a potent and selective cancer cell (S)-(+)-Rolipram ((+)-Rolipram) is a cyclic cytotoxic agent. (R)-DNMDP, the R-form of DNMDP, AMP(cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) binds PDE3A directly. DNMDP binding to PDE3A inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1100 nM. promotes an interaction between PDE3A and Schlafen (S)-(+)-Rolipram can suppresse tumor necrosis 12 (SLFN12). factor-alpha (TNFα) production by human mononuclear cells. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.89% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg 3-O-Methylquercetin Acefylline Cat. No.: HY-N1860 (Theophyllineacetic acid; Theophylline-7-acetic acid) Cat. No.: HY-B1505 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of Acefylline (Theophyllineacetic acid), a xanthine Rhamnus nakaharai, inhibits total cAMP and derivative, is an adenosine receptor antagonist. cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig Acefylline is a peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) trachealis. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) exhibits activator. Acefylline is also a bronchodilator, IC50 values of 31.9 μM 86.9 μM 18.6 μM and 1.6 μM which inhibits rat lung cAMP phosphodiesterase for PDE1, PDE5, PDE2 and PDE4, respectively. isoenzymes. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.89% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: Launched Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 100 mg Acetildenafil AMG 579 Cat. No.: HY-13927 Cat. No.: HY-12913 Acetildenafil is a derivative of the AMG 579 is a potent, selective, and efficacious phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor Sildenafil. inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) with an IC50 of 0.1 nM. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.79% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Amino Tadalafil Aminophylline Cat. No.: HY-117109 Cat. No.: HY-B0140 Amino Tadalafil is an analog of Tadalafil. Aminophylline is a competitive and non-selective Tadalafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Aminophylline phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) with applications in is a competitive adenosine receptor antagonist. several conditions, including erectile Aminophylline has apulmonary vasodilator action as dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and well as a bronchodilator action and has the lower urinary tract dysfunction. potential for asthma research. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.91% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: Launched Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 100 mg, 500 mg 2 Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 Email: [email protected] Amrinone AN3199 (Inamrinone) Cat. No.: HY-B1294 Cat. No.: HY-19830 Amrinone (Inamrinone) is a positive AN3199 is a PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 94.5 inotropic-vasodilator agent. Amrinone is a nM. AN3199 can be used for the research of selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor that inflammation-associated diseases such as asthma increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate by and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). preventing its breakdown. Purity: ≥98.0% Purity: 99.67% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Anagrelide hydrochloride Apremilast (BL4162A) Cat. No.: HY-B0523A (CC-10004) Cat. No.: HY-12085 Anagrelide hydrochloride (BL4162A) is a drug used Apremilast (CC-10004) is an orally available for the treatment of essential thrombocytosis. inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM. Purity: 99.65% Purity: 99.87% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Apremilast D5 ATX inhibitor 1 (CC-10004 D5) Cat. No.: HY-12085S Cat. No.: HY-111410 Apremilast D5 (CC-10004 D5) is a deuterium labeled ATX inhibitor 1 is a potent ATX (IC50=1.23 nM, Apremilast. Apremilast is an orally available FS-3 and 2.18 nM, bis-pNPP) inhibitor. inhibitor of type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE-4) with an IC50 of 74 nM. Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an IC50 of 104 nM. Purity: >98% Purity: 99.75% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 1 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg ATX inhibitor 5 Autotaxin modulator 1 Cat. No.: HY-133019 Cat. No.: HY-12812 ATX inhibitor 5 is a potent and orally active Autotaxin modulator 1 is an autotaxin (ATX) enzyme autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15.3 inhibitor, extracted from patent WO 2014018881 A1, nM. ATX inhibitor 5 shows anti-hepatofibrosis Compound Example 12b. effects and reduces CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis level prominently. Purity: 99.77% Purity: 98.93% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Autotaxin-IN-1 Autotaxin-IN-3 Cat. No.: HY-123637 Cat. No.: HY-135053 Autotaxin-IN-1 is a potent autotaxin inhibitor, Autotaxin-IN-3 is a Autotaxin(ATX) inhibitor with which has favorable potency (IC50=2.2 nM), PK an IC50 of 2.4 nM, compound 33, sourced from properties, and a robust PK/PD relationship. patent WO2018212534A1. Autotaxin-IN-1 is used in treatment of osteoarthritis pain. Purity: >98% Purity: 98.21% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg www.MedChemExpress.com 3 Autotaxin-IN-4 Autotaxin-IN-5 Cat. No.: HY-135088 Cat. No.: HY-135089 Autotaxin-IN-4 (compound 51), extracted from Autotaxin-IN-5 (compound 63), extracted from patent WO2018212534A1, is an Autotaxin inhibitor. patent WO2018212534A1, is an Autotaxin inhibitor. Autotaxin-IN-4 has the potential to treat Autotaxin-IN-5 has the potential to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Purity: >98% Purity: >98% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Avanafil Ayanin (TA1790) Cat. No.: HY-18252 Cat. No.: HY-N2913 Avanafil(TA-1790) is a potent and highly selective Ayanin is a bioflavonoid isolated from Croton phosphodiesterase-5(PDE-5) inhibitor(IC50=5.2 nM) schiedeanus Schlecht. Ayanin is a non-selective for erectile dysfunction; lower selectivity phosphodiesterase1-4 inhibitor and can be used for against PDE1, PDE6, and PDE11. the study of respiratory disease,such as allergic asthma et al. Purity: 98.01% Purity: >98% Clinical Data: Launched Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 50 mg, 100 mg, 500 mg Size: 1 mg, 5 mg Balipodect Bay 60-7550 (TAK-063) Cat. No.: HY-12472 (BAY 607550) Cat. No.: HY-14992 Balipodect (TAK-063) is a highly potent, selective Bay 60-7550 is a potent and selective PDE2 and orally active PDE10A inhibitor with IC50 of inhibitor with a Ki of 3.8 nM. 0.30 nM; >15000-fold selectivity over other PDEs. Purity: 98.69% Purity: 98.12% Clinical Data: Phase 2 Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg BAY 73-6691 BAY 73-6691 racemate ((R)-BAY 73-6691) Cat. No.: HY-104028 Cat. No.: HY-104028A BAY 73-6691 ((R)-BAY 73-6691) is a potent, brain BAY 73-6691 racemate is a phosphodiesterase 9 penetrant, and selective PDE9A inhibitor. inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2017070293 A1. Purity: 99.81% Purity: 99.84% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg BC11-38 BI-2545 Cat. No.: HY-108618 Cat. No.: HY-124772 BC11-38 is a potent, selective, and biologically BI-2545 is a potent autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor that active PDE11 inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.28 µM and significantly reduces LPA, with IC50s of 2.2 nM >100 µM for PDE11 and PDE1-10, respectively.
Recommended publications
  • Cardioactive Agents : Metoprolol, Sotalol and Milrinone. Influence of Myocardial Content and Systolic Interval
    3Õ' î'qt ACUTE HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF THREE CARDIOACTIVE AGENTS : METOPROLOL, SOTALOL AND MILRINONE. INFLUENCE OF MYOCARDIAL CONTENT AND SYSTOLIC INTERVAL. by Rebecca Helen Ritchie, B.Sc (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ln The University of Adelaide (Faculty of Medicine) February 1994 Department of Medicine (Cardiology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital) The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, 5000. ll ¡ r -tL',. r,0';(', /1L.)/'t :.: 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents 1 Declaration vtl Acknowledgements v111 Publications and communications to learned societies in support of thesis D( Summary xl Chapter 1: General Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 2 1.2 Acute effeots of cardioactive drugs 3 1.2.1 Drug effects 4 l.2.2Determnants of drug effects 5 1.3 Myocardial drug gPtake of cardioactive agents 8 1.3.1 Methods of assessment in humans invívo 9 1.3.2 Results of previous studies 10 1.4Influence of cardioactive drugs on contractile state 11 1.4. 1 Conventional indices 11 I.4.2 The staircase phenomenon t2 1.4.3 The mechanical restitution curve t2 1.5 The present study t4 1.5.1 Current relevant knowledge of the acute haemodynamic effects of the cardioactive drugs under investigation r4 1.5.1.1 Metoprolol 15 1.5.1.2 Sotalol 28 1.5.1.3 Milrinone 43 1.5.2 Cunent relevant knowledge of the short-term pharmacokinetics of the cardioactive drugs under investigation 59 1.5.2.1Metoprolol 59 1.5.2.2 Sotalol 7I ll 1.5.2.3 Milrinone 78 1.5.3 Current relevant knowledge of the potential for rate-dependence of the effects of these
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Norepinephrine and Cafedrine/Theodrenaline Regimens for Maintaining Maternal Blood Pressure During
    IBIMA Publishing Obstetrics & Gynecology: An International Journal http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/GYNE/gyne.html Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 714966, 12 pages DOI: 10.5171/2015.714966 Research Article Comparison of Norepinephrine and Cafedrine/Theodrenaline Regimens for Maintaining Maternal Blood Pressure during Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section Hoyme, M.1, Scheungraber, C.2, Reinhart, K.3 and Schummer, W.3 1Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology) Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany 2Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany 3Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to: Schummer, W.; [email protected] Received date: 9 January 2014; Accepted date: 4 April 2014; Published date: 26 August 2015 Academic Editor: Dan Benhamou Copyright © 2015. Hoyme, M., Scheungraber, C., Reinhart, K. and Schummer, W. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Abstract Common phenomena of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean sections are hypotension and cardiovascular depression, both of which require immediate action. Akrinor® (theodrenaline and cafedrine), a sympathomimetic agent commonly used in Germany for such cases, was phased out with little notice at the end of 2005. Phenylephrine was not and is not an approved drug. Norepinephrine became the first-line drug. The outcome in neonates delivered by elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia was studied. At our university hospital, all elective caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia from 2005 and 2006 were analysed regarding hypotension and the vasopressor administered. If maternal arterial pressure decreased by more than 20% of baseline, patients in 2005 received Akrinor®; patients in 2006 received norepinephrine.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean
    REVIEW CURRENT OPINION Hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: how to approach the iatrogenic sympathectomy Christina Massotha, Lisa To¨pelb, and Manuel Wenkb Purpose of review Hypotension during cesarean section remains a frequent complication of spinal anesthesia and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal events. Recent findings Despite ongoing research, no single measure for sufficient treatment of spinal-induced hypotension was 05/25/2020 on BhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVDezntqwKeJGjCYTUOBBz0EyVSh+WquM7uJo3U//pWTO by http://journals.lww.com/co-anesthesiology from Downloaded Downloaded identified so far. Current literature discusses the efficacy of low-dose spinal anesthesia, timing and solutions for adequate fluid therapy and various vasopressor regimens. Present guidelines favor the use of from phenylephrine over ephedrine because of decreased umbilical cord pH values, while norepinephrine is http://journals.lww.com/co-anesthesiology discussed as a probable superior alternative with regard to maternal bradycardia, although supporting data is limited. Alternative pharmacological approaches, such as 5HT3-receptor antagonists and physical methods may be taken into consideration to further improve hemodynamic stability. Summary Current evidence favors a combined approach of low-dose spinal anesthesia, adequate fluid therapy and vasopressor support to address maternal spinal-induced hypotension. As none of the available vasopressors by is associated with relevantly impaired maternal and fetal outcomes, none of them should
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/048702 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date W O 2017/048702 A l 2 3 March 2017 (23.03.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07D 487/04 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/519 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) International Application Number: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US20 16/05 1490 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 13 September 2016 (13.09.201 6) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (25) Filing Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, (26) Publication Language: English TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/218,493 14 September 2015 (14.09.2015) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 62/218,486 14 September 2015 (14.09.2015) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (71) Applicant: INFINITY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Validation of a UHPLC-UV Method for The
    Development and validation of a UHPLC-UV method for the detection and quantification of erectile dysfunction drugs and some of their analogues found in counterfeit medicines. Pierre-Yves Sacré a,b, Eric Deconinck a, Patrice Chiap c, Jacques Crommen b, François Mansion b, Eric Rozet d, Patricia Courselle a, Jacques O. De Beer a,* a Laboratory of Drug Analysis, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium b Department of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. c Advanced Technology Corporation (A.T.C.), University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium d Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. Abstract Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is a permanently growing problem. Control laboratories are constantly analysing counterfeit medicines. In industrialised countries, one of the main counterfeited class of medicines are erectile dysfunction drugs. This paper describes the development and validation of a fast method to detect and quantify the three authorised phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and five analogues. The method is based on the use of a sub-2 microns polar-embedded column with a gradient using acetonitrile as organic modifier and 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5) as aqueous component of the mobile phase. The separation was achieved in less than 4.5 min. The method has also been compared to the registered HPLC method for the assay of Viagra ® which was considered as the reference method. The method is also compatible with on-line coupling mass spectrometry and will significantly reduce analysis times and solvent consumption. Keywords: Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors; UHPLC; method validation, analogues, counterfeit drugs, accuracy profiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Lysophosphatidic Acid and Its Receptors: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential in Atherosclerosis and Vascular Disease
    JPT-107404; No of Pages 13 Pharmacology & Therapeutics xxx (2019) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Pharmacology & Therapeutics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmthera Lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors: pharmacology and therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis and vascular disease Ying Zhou a, Peter J. Little a,b, Hang T. Ta a,c, Suowen Xu d, Danielle Kamato a,b,⁎ a School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia b Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China c Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia d Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA article info abstract Available online xxxx Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a collective name for a set of bioactive lipid species. Via six widely distributed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), LPA elicits a plethora of biological responses, contributing to inflammation, Keywords: thrombosis and atherosclerosis. There have recently been considerable advances in GPCR signaling especially Lysophosphatidic acid recognition of the extended role for GPCR transactivation of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase growth factor G-protein coupled receptors receptors. This review covers LPA signaling pathways in the light of new information. The use of transgenic and Atherosclerosis gene knockout animals, gene manipulated cells, pharmacological LPA receptor agonists and antagonists have Gproteins fi β-arrestins provided many insights into the biological signi cance of LPA and individual LPA receptors in the progression Transactivation of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Α And
    Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and the lipid metabolism pathway promotes carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer Chih-Yang Wang, Ying-Jui Chao, Yi-Ling Chen, Tzu-Wen Wang, Nam Nhut Phan, Hui-Ping Hsu, Yan-Shen Shan, Ming-Derg Lai 1 Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and clinical outcomes of five patients with ampullary cancer Time of Tumor Time to Age Differentia survival/ Sex Staging size Morphology Recurrence recurrence Condition (years) tion expired (cm) (months) (months) T2N0, 51 F 211 Polypoid Unknown No -- Survived 193 stage Ib T2N0, 2.41.5 58 F Mixed Good Yes 14 Expired 17 stage Ib 0.6 T3N0, 4.53.5 68 M Polypoid Good No -- Survived 162 stage IIA 1.2 T3N0, 66 M 110.8 Ulcerative Good Yes 64 Expired 227 stage IIA T3N0, 60 M 21.81 Mixed Moderate Yes 5.6 Expired 16.7 stage IIA 2 Supplementary Table 2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of an ampullary cancer microarray using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). This table contains only pathways with p values that ranged 0.0001~0.05. KEGG Pathway p value Genes Pentose and 1.50E-04 UGT1A6, CRYL1, UGT1A8, AKR1B1, UGT2B11, UGT2A3, glucuronate UGT2B10, UGT2B7, XYLB interconversions Drug metabolism 1.63E-04 CYP3A4, XDH, UGT1A6, CYP3A5, CES2, CYP3A7, UGT1A8, NAT2, UGT2B11, DPYD, UGT2A3, UGT2B10, UGT2B7 Maturity-onset 2.43E-04 HNF1A, HNF4A, SLC2A2, PKLR, NEUROD1, HNF4G, diabetes of the PDX1, NR5A2, NKX2-2 young Starch and sucrose 6.03E-04 GBA3, UGT1A6, G6PC, UGT1A8, ENPP3, MGAM, SI, metabolism
    [Show full text]
  • Theophylline and Selective PDE Inhibitors As Bronchodilators and Smooth Muscle Relaxants
    Eur Respir J, 1995, 8, 637–642 Copyright ERS Journals Ltd 1995 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.95.08040637 European Respiratory Journal Printed in UK - all rights reserved ISSN 0903 - 1936 SERIES 'THEOPHYLLINE AND PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS' Edited by M. Aubier and P.J. Barnes Theophylline and selective PDE inhibitors as bronchodilators and smooth muscle relaxants K.F. Rabe, H. Magnussen, G. Dent Theophylline and selective PDE inhibitors as bronchodilators and smooth muscle relaxants. Krankenhaus Grosshansdorf, Zentrum für K.F. Rabe, H. Magnussen, G. Dent. ERS Journals Ltd 1995. Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, LVA ABSTRACT: In addition to its emerging immunomodulatory properties, theophy- Hamburg, Grosshansdorf, Germany. lline is a bronchodilator and also decreases mean pulmonary arterial pressure in vivo. The mechanism of action of this drug remains controversial; adenosine Correspondence: K.F. Rabe Krankenhaus Grosshansdorf antagonism, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition and other actions have been advanced Wöhrendamm 80 to explain its effectiveness in asthma. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and D-22927 Grosshansdorf cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) are involved in the regulation of smooth Germany muscle tone, and the breakdown of these nucleotides is catalysed by multiple PDE isoenzymes. The PDE isoenzymes present in human bronchus and pulmonary artery Keywords: Bronchi have been identified, and the pharmacological actions of inhibitors of these enzy- 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase mes have been investigated. phosphodiesterase inhibitors Human bronchus and pulmonary arteries are relaxed by theophylline and by pulmonary artery selective inhibitors of PDE III, while PDE IV inhibitors also relax precontracted smooth muscle theophylline bronchus and PDE V/I inhibitors relax pulmonary artery. There appears to be some synergy between inhibitors of PDE III and PDE IV in relaxing bronchus, and Received: February 1 1995 a pronounced synergy between PDE III and PDE V inhibitors in relaxing pulmon- Accepted for publication February 1 1995 ary artery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis Modulates Histone Acetylation and Gene Expression During Oligodendrocyte Differentiation
    The Journal of Neuroscience, August 12, 2015 • 35(32):11399–11414 • 11399 Cellular/Molecular The Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis Modulates Histone Acetylation and Gene Expression during Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Natalie A. Wheeler,1 James A. Lister,2 and Babette Fuss1 Departments of 1Anatomy and Neurobiology and 2Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298 During development, oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the myelinating cells of the CNS, undergo a stepwise progression during which OLG progenitors, specified from neural stem/progenitor cells, differentiate into fully mature myelinating OLGs. This progression along the OLG lineage is characterized by well synchronized changes in morphology and gene expression patterns. The latter have been found to be particularly critical during the early stages of the lineage, and they have been well described to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, especially by the activity of the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2. The data presented here identify the extracellular factor autotaxin (ATX) as a novel upstream signal modulating HDAC1/2 activity and gene expression in cells of the OLG lineage. Using the zebrafish as an in vivo model system as well as rodent primary OLG cultures, this functional property of ATX was found to be mediated by its lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, which has been well characterized to generate the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). More specifically, the lysoPLD activity of ATX was found to modulate HDAC1/2 regulated gene expression during a time window coinciding with the transition from OLG progenitor to early differentiating OLG. In contrast, HDAC1/2 regulated gene expression during the transition from neural stem/progenitor to OLG progenitor appeared unaffected by ATX and its lysoPLD activity.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
    US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • ED Analogues Analysis
    UPLC-MS/MS for the Screening, Confirmation and Quantification of 32 Drugs illegally added to Herbal/Dietary Supplements for the Enhancement of Male Sexual Performance 1Salman Azimi*, 2Nayan Mistry and 2Michelle Wood 1Drug Quality Control Laboratory, Pharmacy & Drug Control Dept., Supreme Council of Health, PO Box 1919, Doha - Qatar. 2 Figure-5: Photographs of six positive samples. Forty-three suspected Waters Corporation, Atlas Park, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M22 5PP, UK. samples were analyzed in this study; 18 were found to be adulterated with ED drugs. ABSTRACT RESULTS & DISCUSSION The adulteration of herbal/dietary supplements with erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs and their analogues is reported For the purpose of screening , a spectral library for known ED drugs and analogues was prepared. Owing to recent reports Table 2: List of 32 compounds with retention times, and optimised MRM transitions parameters. Table-3: Summary of results for eight adulterated herbal/dietary samples. The screening results, including spectral match worldwide and is an increasing problem[1]. The sale of so-called 100%, ‘all-natural’ products has become a highly of increased availability of ‘all-in-one’/ ‘combination’ herbal products[2], we also added the naturally-occurring substances factors, RT data and final screening status ( = positive or - = negative) are presented, in addition to the quantitative data Retention Precursor Cone Quantifier Qualifier %CV (n=4) from the subsequent confirmatory analysis. profitable business for online pharmacies, however these products can pose a serious threat to consumers owing to the Icariin and yohimbine, the synthetic, dapoxetine (used for premature ejaculation) and testosterone. The library was CE CE Dwell LOQ undisclosed presence of approved/prescription drugs or the unknown safety and toxicity profile of unapproved ED drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Single Cyclic Nucleotide-Specific Phosphodiesterase of the Intestinal Parasite Giardia Lamblia Represents a Potential Drug Target
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The single cyclic nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterase of the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia represents a potential drug target Stefan Kunz1,2*, Vreni Balmer1, Geert Jan Sterk2, Michael P. Pollastri3, Rob Leurs2, Norbert MuÈ ller1, Andrew Hemphill1, Cornelia Spycher1¤ a1111111111 1 Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2 Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije a1111111111 Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, a1111111111 Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America a1111111111 a1111111111 ¤ Current address: Euresearch, Head Office Bern, Bern, Switzerland * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kunz S, Balmer V, Sterk GJ, Pollastri MP, Leurs R, MuÈller N, et al. (2017) The single cyclic Background nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterase of the Giardiasis is an intestinal infection correlated with poverty and poor drinking water quality, intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia represents a potential drug target. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(9): and treatment options are limited. According to the Center for Disease Control and Preven- e0005891. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. tion, Giardia infections afflict nearly 33% of people in developing countries, and 2% of the pntd.0005891 adult population in the developed world. This study describes the single cyclic nucleotide- Editor: Aaron R. Jex, University of Melbourne, specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) of G. lamblia and assesses PDE inhibitors as a new gen- AUSTRALIA eration of anti-giardial drugs. Received: December 5, 2016 Accepted: August 21, 2017 Methods Published: September 15, 2017 An extensive search of the Giardia genome database identified a single gene coding for a class I PDE, GlPDE.
    [Show full text]