The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" to Film
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Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2005-03-18 Translating Huck: Difficulties in Adapting "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" to Film Bryce Moore Cundick Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Cundick, Bryce Moore, "Translating Huck: Difficulties in Adapting "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" to Film" (2005). Theses and Dissertations. 256. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/256 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. TRANSLATING HUCK: DIFFICULTIES IN ADAPTING THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN TO FILM by Bryce M. Cundick A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of English Brigham Young University March 2005 Copyright © 2005 Bryce M. Cundick All Rights Reserved BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Bryce M. Cundick This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. _________________________ __________________________________________ Date Dennis R. Cutchins, Chair _________________________ __________________________________________ Date C. Jay Fox _________________________ __________________________________________ Date Dennis R. Perry BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Bryce M. Cundick in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2), its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. _________________________ __________________________________________ Date Dennis R. Cutchins Chair, Graduate Committee Accepted for the Department __________________________________________ Nicholas A. Mason Graduate Coordinator Accepted for the College __________________________________________ Van C. Gessel Dean, College of Humanities ABSTRACT TRANSLATING HUCK: DIFFICULTIES IN ADAPTING THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN TO FILM Bryce M. Cundick Department of English Master of Arts Filmmakers have had four main difficulties adapting The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to film: point of view, structure, audience and the novel’s ending. By studying the different approaches of various directors to each obstacle, certain facts emerge about both the films and the novel. While literary scholars have studied Huck from practically every angle, none have sufficiently viewed the book through the lens of adaptation, despite the fact that it has been adapted to film and television over twenty times. The few critics who have studied the adaptations have done so using dated methodologies that boil down to little more than a question of how faithfully the films recreate the novel. By judging a movie solely on the basis of the book’s merits, critics ignore the fact that a change in medium necessitates a change in material. With each adaptation, a new opportunity arises to study the novel from a fresh standpoint. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like first to thank Denisa and Tomas, for their bright smiles and unwavering support and patience with long days. I would also like to thank my committee chair, Dennis Cutchins, for putting up with hours of questions and providing the best sounding board for countless ideas of varying quality. He helped the good ones to stay and the bad ones to conveniently disappear. And finally, I would like to thank my two committee readers, Jay Fox and Dennis Perry, for their support and close reading. vii Table of Contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Review of Literature..................................................................................................... 2 Film Adaptation ........................................................................................................ 2 Huckleberry Finn Adaptation Studies................................................................... 15 Background Discussion .............................................................................................. 19 Order of Analysis .................................................................................................... 19 Film Versions Studied............................................................................................. 22 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 31 II. The Beginning ........................................................................................................... 33 Introduction................................................................................................................. 33 Point of View ............................................................................................................... 33 Analysis of the Opening Scenes ................................................................................. 41 1939........................................................................................................................... 41 1960........................................................................................................................... 44 1973........................................................................................................................... 50 1986........................................................................................................................... 52 1993........................................................................................................................... 57 Other Observations on the Beginning....................................................................... 64 The Use of Foils ....................................................................................................... 64 Outside Adaptations ............................................................................................... 68 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 70 viii III. The Middle............................................................................................................... 71 Introduction................................................................................................................. 71 Structure ...................................................................................................................... 72 Audience....................................................................................................................... 77 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 89 IV. The End .................................................................................................................... 91 Introduction................................................................................................................. 91 A Review of the Debate............................................................................................... 91 1939............................................................................................................................... 97 1960............................................................................................................................. 100 1973............................................................................................................................. 102 1986............................................................................................................................. 104 1993............................................................................................................................. 107 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 108 V. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 110 Areas for Future Research....................................................................................... 112 Works Cited................................................................................................................... 116 Appendix I ..................................................................................................................... 125 Appendix II.................................................................................................................... 134 Notes............................................................................................................................... 142 Cundick ix List of Figures Fig. 1. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Dir. Richard Thorpe. ............................... 41 Fig. 2. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Dir. Richard Thorpe.