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WRA Species Report Family: Asteraceae Taxon: Centratherum punctatum Synonym: Ampherephis intermedia Link Common Name: Larkdaisy Ampherephis mutica Kunth Brazilian button flower Centratherum intermedium (Link) Less. Porcupine Flower Centratherum muticum (Kunth) Less. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Assessor WRA Score 8 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 3/22/2012 Centratherum punctatum (Asteraceae) Page 1 of 8 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 1 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 8 Print Date: 3/22/2012 Centratherum punctatum (Asteraceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 1975. Woodson, Jr., R.E./Schery, R.W./D'Arcy, [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence W.G. et al.. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 184. Compositae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 62(4): 835-1321. 101 2000. Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Ornamentals: A [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Guide. Timber Press, Portland, OR 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2000. Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Ornamentals: A [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Old World tropics Guide. Timber Press, Portland, OR from the Philippines to Australia" 201 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Native to tropical Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian America" [possible Pan-tropical distribution] Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 201 2012. USDA ARS National Genetic Resources [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] " ASIA- Program. Germplasm Resources Information TROPICAL Malesia: Philippines AUSTRALASIA Australia: Australia - Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland SOUTHERN AMERICA http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago - Trinidad Mesoamerica: Panama Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Venezuela Brazil: Brazil - Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Federal District, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru Southern South America: Argentina - Corrientes, Misiones; Paraguay" 202 2000. Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Ornamentals: A [Quality of climate match data? 2-High] "Old World tropics from the Philippines to Guide. Timber Press, Portland, OR Australia" 203 1975. Woodson, Jr., R.E./Schery, R.W./D'Arcy, [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Locally common in W.G. et al.. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family rocky or gravelly savanna like areas, this species can be found near sea level but 184. Compositae. Annals of the Missouri occurs more frequently from 600-1200 m altitude." [Elevation range exceeds Botanical Garden. 62(4): 835-1321. 1000 m] 203 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Brazilian [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Hardiness: USDA Bachelor's Button, Brazilian Button Flower, Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) USDA Zone 9a: Larkdaisy, Porcupine Flower - Centratherum to -6.6 °C (20 °F) USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C intermedium. (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/713/ 204 2000. Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Ornamentals: A [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Old Guide. Timber Press, Portland, OR World tropics from the Philippines to Australia" 301 1995. Lorence, D.H./Flynn, T.W./Wagner, W.L.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Collections of Centratherum punctatum Contributions to the flora of Hawai‘i. III. New from Hawaii correspond to subsp. Punctatum in Kirkman’s (1981) revision of the additions, range extensions, and rediscoveries of genus. This garden escape is a new naturalized record of the genus in the flowering plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Hawaiian Islands. Native to South America, C. punctatum subsp. punctatum is Papers. 41: 19-58. distinguished from other Asteraceae in the archipelago by the following combination of characters: branching herb 0.3–0.6 m tall, probably annual; leaves with blades obovate-spathulate, 2–4 x 1–2 cm, margins coarsely serrate-dentate, densely glandular-punctate beneath, base decurrent onto petiole; heads terminal or terminal on lateral branches, broadly discoid, 1.5–2 cm in diam., involucral bracts (phyllaries) ovateoblong, membranaceous, green with margins and tips wine red, golden-glandular toward apex dorsally and on margins; rays absent, disc florets with corolla purple, externally glandular; achenes 1.5 mm long, longitudinally 9-ribbed, pappus whitish or pale brown, bristles linear, 3–4 mm long, antrorse setose, deciduous. Material examined. KAUAI: Koloa District, Papalina road, Kalaheo, in pasture near National Tropical Botanical Garden headquarters, 128 m (420 ft), 16 Nov 1989, T. Flynn & D. Lorence 3587 (BISH, F, PTBG, US); Waimea District, Kokee State Park, Kumuwela Ridge road, 1.2 miles from junction with Mohihi Road, 1120 m (3680 ft), 6 Nov 1989, T. Flynn et al. 3585 (BISH, PTBG, US)." 301 1997. Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Cultivated and naturalized, abundant in Rico and Adjacent Islands: Spermatophyta, wet areas." Volume V. Acanthaceae to Compositae. La Editorial, UPR, San Juan, Puerto Rico Print Date: 3/22/2012 Centratherum punctatum (Asteraceae) Page 3 of 8 301 1999. Chen, S.-H./Wu, M.-J./Li, S.M.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Centratherum punctatum Cass. ssp. Centratherum punctatum Cass. ssp. fruticosum, fruticosum. originally native to the Philippines, was recently found naturalized in A Newly Naturalized Sunflower Species in ruderal sites of northern and eastern Taiwan. It represents a new record for both Taiwan. Taiwania. 44(2): 299·305. the species and the genus on this island. The present study provided taxonomic description. line drawings and other relevant information." 301 2004. Starr, F./Starr, K./Loope, L.L.. New plant [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Previously known from Kaua‘i (Lorence records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop et al., 1995) and Hawai‘i (Oppenheimer, 2003), C. punctatum is now also known Museum Occasional Papers. 79: 20-30.
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