DOCSLIB.ORG

BTMC-131 History of Tourism-I Indira Gandhi National Open University School of Tourism and Hospitality Services Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BTMC-131 History of Tourism-I Indira Gandhi National Open University School of Tourism and Hospitality Services Management BTMC-131 History of Tourism-I Indira Gandhi National Open University School of Tourism and Hospitality Services Management Block 5 DISCOVERY, URBANIZATION AND SEA-VOYAGES UNIT 14 Concept of Discovery 5 UNIT 15 Urbanization of Varanasi 17 UNIT 16 The Roman Empire and Urbanization 28 UNIT 17 Trade Routes and Sea-Voyages 42 Some Useful Books and Research Papers for this Block 56 Activities for this Block 57 COURSE PREPARATION CUM COURSE ADAPTATION TEAM Prof Jitendra Kumar Srivastava Ms. Tangjakhombi Akoijam Director, SOTHSM Asst. Prof., SOTHSM IGNOU, (Chairperson) IGNOU Dr. Paramita Suklabaidya Dr. Arvind Kumar Dubey Asst. Prof., SOTHSM Asst. Prof., SOTHSM IGNOU IGNOU (Convener) Dr. Sonia Sharma Asst. Prof., SOTHSM IGNOU PROGRAMME COORDINATOR: Dr. Arvind Kumar Dubey BLOCK COORDINATOR COURSE COORDINATOR Dr. Arvind Kumar Dubey Dr. Arvind Kumar Dubey Asst. Prof., SOTHSM Dr. Sonia Sharma IGNOU, New Delhi FACULTY MEMBERS Prof. Jitendra Kumar Srivastava Dr. Harkirat Bains Director Associate Professor, SOTHSM Dr. Paramita Suklabaidya Dr. Sonia Sharma Asstt. Prof., SOTHSM Asstt. Prof., SOTHSM Dr. Arvind Kumar Dubey Dr. Tangjakhombi Akoijam Asstt. Prof., SOTHSM Asstt. Prof., SOTHSM COURSE PREPARATION Unit No. Unit Writer 14, 15, 16 & 17 Dr. Arvind Kumar Dubey, Asst. Prof., SOTHSM, IGNOU LANGUAGE EDITOR ASSISTANCE Prof. Nandini Sahu Mr Vineet Xess SOH, IGNOU, New Delhi JAT, SOTHSM IGNOU, New Delhi PRINT PRODUCTION Mr. Yashpal Section Officer (Publication) MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi December, 2018 Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2018 ISBN : All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University. Further information on Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained from the University's office at Maidan Garhi. New Delhi-110 068 or visit University’s web site http://www.ignou.ac.in Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi by Prof Jitendra Kumar Srivastava, Director, School of Tourism, Laser Typeset by : Tessa Media & Computers, C-206, A.F.E.-II, Okhla, New Delhi Printed at : BLOCK 5 DISCOVERY, URBANIZATION AND SEA-VOYAGES In this block we have discussed different types of discovery and related forms of tourism. Block also covers urbanization of Roman Empire and Varanasi. Discovery is also associated with Sea-Voyages conducted by eminent explorers. The same is also covered. Unit 14: Introduces you to the concept of discovery, its nature and process. The places (ancient) and city that has been discovered is also covered in the unit. Most of the discovered places and cities are now major tourist destinations. Unit 15: Discussed the sense of urbanization and how Varanasi has been urbanized is elaborated. The urbanization of Varanasi during ancient, medieval and modern period has been covered. The contemporary components which are affecting urbanization of Varanasi are also mentioned. Unit 16: Introduces you to yet another most important ancient empire which was urbanized i.e. Roman Empire. Its brief history, governance, urban establishment, means of entertainment and fall of Roman Empire has been discussed. Unit 17: Discussed different trade routes and their importance from business tourism point of view. You will also know sea voyages conducted by Christopher Columbus and Vasco Da Gama. Discovery, Urbanization and Sea-Voyages 4 UNIT 14 CONCEPT OF DISCOVERY Concept of Discovery Structure 14.0 Objectives 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Discovery and Invention 14.3 Type of Discovery 14.3.1 World Discovery 14.3.2 Spiritual Discovery 14.3.3 Emotional Discovery 14.3.4 Relationship Discovery 14.3.5 Scientific Discovery 14.3.6 Self Discovery 14.3.7 Reader Discovery 14.3.8 Childhood Discovery 14.3.9 Physical Discovery 14.4 Nature of Discovery 14.5 Process of Discovery 14.6 Significance of Discovery 14.7 Let Us Sum Up 14.8 Key Words 14.9 Answers to Check Your Progress 14.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this unit, you will be able to: know what is meant by the term Discovery; understand the difference between Discovery and Invention; identify different types of Discovery and nature of Discovery; learn the process of Discovery; and appreciate the significance of Discovery. 14.1 INTRODUCTION Discovery is finding (uncovering or detecting) something which has not been recently recognised, rather it already existed in the world. It is related to scrutiny of new phenomena, events, place, action etc. Discovery represents natural occurrences that involve exploration done purposely or happened accidently. Discovery is a psychological process. The obsession to do something new, the desperate need and above all intense desire is the mother of all discoveries. In English literature it has been rightly said that where there is a will there is a way. If there is a strong will then there will be strong motive to discover, explore, construct and create something new which will have some far reaching impacts. It has different meaning in different disciplines and domains. Just to define Discovery it can be said that the process of recognising something for the first 5 Discovery, Urbanization and time before anyone could do it and that already existed in our surroundings. In a Sea-Voyages nutshell, discovery can be defined as the act of finding information, place, object or learning something for the first time. The concept also lies in this fact that discovery is an art of experiencing something for the first time or rediscovering something which is lost, forgotten, concealed or destroyed. 14.2 DISCOVERY AND INVENTION There is a difference between discovery and invention because invention is related to a process or designing/creating an item (tool or device etc) which did not exist before. Invention is development of something which is original and advanced. Invention is a scientific or human-made article which is useful to society and is invented with experimentation or ideas. Invention is done for those which is non-existent and can be patented. Discovery cannot be patented. For example, Sir Isaac Newton’s work on gravity is a Discovery, Columbus finding of America is a Discovery but Graham Bell’s work for communication by telephone is an invention. Whatever changes we are experiencing in our day to day life is due to inventions and discoveries. Invention and discovery have transformed to a great extent the pattern of our life, food, work, transportation and communication etc. This process of discovery may be accidental and unexpected and sometimes they emerge out of the careful planning and deliberate efforts intensified by wonder, need and curiosity, thus making discovery afresh in nature with the significance in many ways like emotions, creativity, intellectual, physical and spiritual. The tendency of discovery is that it connects us to a new world, ideas, findings, information and object which have a far-reaching impact in the future perspective. This art of discovery and discovering can change the thought process and perception of our selves as well as others too. A small child when he is stepping out for the first time, tries to discover the surroundings by smell, touch and taste. Thus, the art of discovery teaches him how to contact and interact with the outer surroundings. It puts stress on the natural learning of the child emerged as a result of curiosity. Its significance also relies in this fact that such direct contacts with the outer surroundings help the child/discoverer to create a recognisable pattern and thus making a sense of this newly discovered information. Therefore, discoveries either in the form of basic information, place, an object or learning, play a pivotal role in many ways and in many folds in the life of an individual as well as masses. Check Your Progress-1 1) What do you understand by the term “Discovery”? ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. 6 Concept of Discovery 2) Is there any difference between Discovery and Invention? ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. 14.3 TYPES OF DISCOVERY There are many types of discoveries that have been described below: 14.3.1 World Discovery
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Tourism Organization
    UNWTO Commission for the Middle East Thirty-ninth meeting CME/39/6 Cairo, Egypt, 14 September 2014 Madrid, 20 June 2014 Provisional agenda item 6 Original: English Provisional agenda item 6 Thematic discussion: “Exploring the potential of developing Tourism routes in the region” 1. At its 98th session, held at Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in June 2014, the Executive Council recognized the role of Tourism routes in fostering regional development and integration at national and international levels and encouraged the Secretary-General “to expand the action of the existing UNWTO Special Field Programme (Silk Road) to tourism routes in a broader sense with the aim of defining recommendations, exchange experiences and exploring the potential of working on new international or regional tourism routes”. (Decision 18 (XCVIII)) 2. The wealth and diversity of the Middle East’s and North Africa’s heritage, both tangible and intangible, provides extensive opportunities for the development of sustainable tourism along legendary cultural, religious and commercial routes, similar to the well-established Silk Road, which already counts upon the very active participation of Iraq and Egypt. Taking into consideration the numerous collaborative opportunities specified in the Silk Road Action Plan 2014/2015, countries with interest in developing the collaborative initiatives along the Silk Road are encouraged to engage with the 31 Member States actively cooperating within a unified platform under the aegis of the UNWTO Silk Road Programme. 3. UNWTO has gained significant experience in enhancing cooperation among Member States through its Silk Road Programme, as well as through other initiatives such as the collaboration with the European Institute for Cultural Routes, the Amber Route and the Spice Route.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journey of Benedictus Polonus Or a European Discovery of Asia Before Marco Polo
    ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 4, No. 2, December 2019: 79–95 doi:10.22679/avs.2019.4.2.004 The Journey of Benedictus Polonus or a European Discovery of Asia before Marco Polo RENATA CZEKALSKA This article presents a brief reconstruction of the historic journey of Benedict the Pole and John of Pian de Carpine, the first known Europeans after A.D. 900 who completed a successful return journey east of Baghdad and gave surviving accounts of their travels. The article, which focuses mainly on the role of Benedict the Pole, is divided into five parts: the reasons and organization of the deputation sent to the Mongols by Pope Innocent IV from 1245-1248, the route travelled by the Papal envoys, the existing versions of the two surviving accounts of the mission, the role of Benedict the Pole as the secretary and translator to the papal legate Pian de Carpine, and the outcome of the journey as seen from the perspective of Europe-Asia contacts. Keywords: 13th century Europe-Asia contacts, early Western accounts of Asia and the Mongol Empire, Benedictus Polonus, Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, European journeys to Asia before Marco Polo RENATA CZEKALSKA ([email protected]) is a professor at the Chair for East and South Asia, Institute of the Middle and Far East, Jagiellonian University, Poland. 80 Acta Via Serica, Vol. 4, No. 2, December 2019 Introduction Already during the initial period of the formation of Polish statehood (from ca. 960), in the areas located in the Vistula and Odra basins, there existed a network of European trade routes, leading from east to west and north to south.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays in Archaeology and Heritage Studies in Honour of Professor Kristian Kristiansen
    Counterpoint: Essays in Archaeology and Heritage Studies in Honour of Professor Kristian Kristiansen Edited by Sophie Bergerbrant Serena Sabatini BAR International Series 2508 2013 Published by Archaeopress Publishers of British Archaeological Reports Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED England [email protected] www.archaeopress.com BAR S2508 Counterpoint: Essays in Archaeology and Heritage Studies in Honour of Professor Kristian Kristiansen © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2013 ISBN 978 1 4073 1126 5 Cover illustration: Gilded hilt of sword from Hallegård, Bornholm, Denmark. Published with kind permission from the National Museum of Denmark Printed in England by Information Press, Oxford All BAR titles are available from: Hadrian Books Ltd 122 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7BP England www.hadrianbooks.co.uk The current BAR catalogue with details of all titles in print, prices and means of payment is available free from Hadrian Books or may be downloaded from www.archaeopress.com THE ROUTE TO A HISTORY OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: A DANISH RECORD OF PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC ROADS, TRACKS AND RELATED STRUCTURES Jette Bang Abstract: Traces left by thousands of years of traffic through the Danish landscape provide both inspiration and ample opportunity for archaeological and geographical studies. Compared with many other ancient structures, considerable experience is required to identify and interpret traces of roads in the form of abandoned tracks. As a consequence, their recording and preservation present many challenges. Nonetheless, in the mid-1990s, under the leadership of Kristian Kristiansen, the former Division of Cultural History of the National Forest and Nature Agency, under the Danish Ministry of Environment, took on the task of creating a national database of remains of prehistoric and historic tracks and roads.
    [Show full text]
  • Lord, History Falls Through the Cracks
    kostash/rhubarb 1 LORD, HISTORY FALLS THROUGH THE CRACKS Myrna Kostash 110, 11716 – 100 avenue Edmonton AB T5K 2G3 Tel 780- 433 0710 [email protected] WORD COUNT: 3047 kostash/rhubarb 2 LORD, HISTORY FALLS THROUGH THE CRACKS - Road Map of the Vistula Delta – Dear Heart: Wacek and Hanna bundle me into the back seat of their car and we clatter down the E16 to its junction with the T83, through stolid towns of scrubbed brick and shaved hedges. We are travelling to Gdansk (Danzig). I try to follow your traces, my finger bouncing off the blue lines of the road map as we skirt the edges of potholes. Drewnica, Ostaszewa, Szymankowo, Oslonka. Where are those Frisian farms of yours? We are on our way to Elblag; could that be your Elbing? “Look,” says Wacek, “order and civilization,” indicating the grim slate roofs, the heavy-bottomed Gothic chapels. He is not being ironic. He means: Germans built these towns. Prussians. Not slovenly Poles. Wacek is a Pole. Disposing of vast, waterlogged estates on the Vistula delta, German Catholic and Lutheran landlords in the early 1500s invited Dutch Anabaptists, among them Mennonites, to come dike and dam their lands. The reclamation of wastelands: it was to become a Mennonite speciality. The Prussians had the cities, the pious Anabaptists the reclaimed swamps. By 1608 the bishop of Culm (Chelm?) kostash/rhubarb 3 complained that the whole delta was overrun (his word) by Mennonites. Unmolested at prayer and labour, they had grown prosperous and eventually aroused the envy of their neighbours. This too became a speciality.
    [Show full text]
  • Warrior of Rome: the Amber Road, , 2013, 400 Pages, Harry Sidebottom, 0141935286, 9780141935287, Penguin Books Limited, 2013
    Warrior of Rome: The Amber Road, , 2013, 400 pages, Harry Sidebottom, 0141935286, 9780141935287, Penguin Books Limited, 2013 DOWNLOAD http://bit.ly/1rad1OX http://www.amazon.com/s/?url=search-alias=stripbooks&field-keywords=Warrior+of+Rome%3A+The+Amber+Road%2C+ Warrior of Rome: The Amber Road is the latest book in Harry Sidebottom's Warrior of Rome series. AD 264 - The Roman Empire is torn in two. The western provinces - Gaul, Spain and Britain - have been seized by the pretender Postumus. To the east, on the plains of northern Italy, the armies of the emperor Gallienus muster. War is coming. Everyone must choose a side. On a mission shrouded in secrecy and suspicion, Ballista must journey The Amber Road to the far north to Hyperborea, back to his original home and the people of his birth. A fearsome, masked warlord attacks, bringing fire and sword against the Angles. Yet not all welcome Ballista`s return. Does treachery pose the greatest danger? Dr Harry Sidebottom is a leading authority on ancient warfare - he applies his knowledge with a spectacular flair for sheer explosive action and knuckle-whitening drama. Fans of Bernard Cornwell will love Sidebottom's recreation of the ancient world. Praise for Harry Sidebottom: 'Sidebottom's prose blazes with searing scholarship' The Times 'The best sort of red-blooded historical fiction' Andrew Taylor, author of The American Boy Dr. Harry Sidebottom is Fellow of St Benets Hall, and Lecturer at Lincoln College, Oxford - where he specializes in ancient warfare and classical art. DOWNLOAD http://t.co/iIb7Dor5ND http://www.fishpond.co.nz/Books/Warrior-of-Rome-The-Amber-Road- http://bit.ly/1lefzBM The Caspian Gates: Warrior of Rome:, Book 4 Warrior of Rome:, Harry Sidebottom, Apr 26, 2012, Fiction, 432 pages.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2011
    Amber Road Tours Small group journeys through the best bits of Italy Life In Italy February Newsletter 2011 A Real Cold Case 2011 He was 45 years old, still tough but not exactly in his prime. Available Tours Once a village leader he was now on the run. His bow was Sicily broken and his arrows spent. He began carving new ones Oct 20-31 but his pursuers caught up with him too soon. He initially Week In Tuscany fought them with dagger hand-to-hand but being out- July 3-9 numbered sought to escape. Brought down by an arrow Sept 4-10 to his left shoulder (separating a major artery) he fell into a deep gully. Left dead and forgotten for… Tuscany/Umbria Sept 8-20 …five thousand years until two hikers discovered a frozen, Sept 22-Oct 4 fully clothed human corpse in the Italian Alps. An Austrian Oct 6-18 rescue team extracted the mummy from the ice and Tuscany/Liguria transported it to forensic scientists in Innsbruck. Initially June 8-16 thought to be a decade-old victim of a mountaineering accident the Iceman was Aug 31-Sept 8 determined to have been born sometime between the 33rd and the 31st centuries BC, Sept 14-22 predating the Egyptian pyramids! Oct 5-13 Amalfi/Puglia Archeologists excavated the site and discovered leather remains of a kit, a bearskin Sept 23-Oct 5 cap, a copper axe, dagger and a broken longbow. Such a well-preserved find had Oct 7-19 never been seen before and caused a world-wide sensation.
    [Show full text]
  • Prassolow Et Al on the Significance and Research Potential of the Grebieten Burial Ground: a Reconstruction of the Prewar State
    ON THE SIGNIFICANCE AND RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF THE GREBIETEN BURIAL GROUND: A RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PREWAR STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE PROSPECTS FOR MODERN RESEARCH 23 BALTICA JAROSLAW A. PRASSOLOW, KONSTANTIN N. SKVORTSOV ARCHAEOLOGIA Abstract The Grebieten burial ground, situated in the former Kreis Fischhausen of the German Empire’s province of East Prussia, (currently in the Zelenogradskii district of the Kaliningrad oblast’, Russian Federation), represents a reference monument of Sambian-Natangian culture, and at the same time is one of its best investigated archaeological sites. However, a recent comparative analysis of the available sources of information showed that the modern state of knowledge is incomplete, while the research potential of the monument is far from being exhausted. This article gives an overview of the state of research, as well as of the open questions and gaps in our knowledge. Along with a description of the currently available sources of information and their limitations, the publication informs readers about recently conducted archaeological studies, performed both on the partially preserved prewar archaeological material and on the monument. Besides the actual reintroduction of Grebieten into scientific research, the authors point out its role and its significance in the much more complex archaeological context. The results of recent research suggest strongly that the Grebieten burial ground is part of a much larger complex of archaeological monuments situated along the western coast of the Sambian Peninsula, in the close vicinity of amber collect- ing areas. This settlement complex played an important role in the collection and trade in amber, which defined the nature of Sambian-Natangian culture in the Roman Iron Age and Migration Period.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets of the Silk Road Educators' Guide
    letter from the museum Dear Educators, I am delighted to introduce you to our newest major exhibition, Secrets of the Silk Road, through this guide for your use in the classroom. Secrets of the Silk Road contains over 100 objects, including two extraordinary mummies, from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Museum in China. The exhibition focuses on the cultural influences of trade and exchange in Central Asia, before and during the height of the Silk Road, and is illustrated by an impressive collection of incredibly well-preserved archaeological objects. Secrets of the Silk Road takes familiar concepts of trade, migration, technology, and mummification–discussed in the Penn Museum’s other galleries and in classrooms all over the world–and looks at them in the context of the Tarim Basin, a remote place in Central Asia many of us have never heard of before. This area is particularly interesting to archaeologists and anthropologists because it lies right at the heart of the Silk Road, and thus became a melting pot for the cultural influences of the people traveling through it from China in the east, and from Europe and the Middle East in the west. An interest in China and its cultural heritage has been engrained in the fabric of the Penn Museum since its completion of the Chinese Rotunda in 1915. This impressive domed space has become synonymous with the architecture of the Museum, and is home to an extraordinary collection of Chinese sculpture. In 1996 the Penn Museum was the natural place on Penn’s campus to host “The Mystery Mummies of the Tarim Basin, Central Asia” conference, organized by Penn Professor Victor Mair, which increased our interest in the mummies now in the collection of the Xinjiang Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Europe Within the Ancient World-Systems*
    Eastern Europe within the Ancient World-Systems* Tatyana L. Shestova Eastern Europe is considered as a space of the world trade systems expan- sion/contraction process in the early world-systems from Chalcolithic to early Iron Age. The author identifies system-forming agents and six major periods in the development of the trade relations in the ancient world which involved East- ern Europe. The paper shows the relationship between the boundaries of early exchange systems and metallurgical provinces. Keywords: early world-systems, expansion/contraction of world-systems, East- ern Europe, system-forming subjects, the basic trade-system element, metallurgi- cal provinces, Balkan-Carpathian, Circumpontic, Trans Eurasian, Greek and Roman trade systems. In recent decades there have been many works devoted to the origin of the world econom- ic system and to the role of early civilizations in the formation of the foundations of long- distance trade (Frank 1993; Frank, Thompson 2005; Gills and Thompson 2006; Chase- Dunn and Manning 2002; Chase-Dunn et al. 2010; Chase-Dunn and Hall 1997; Hall et al. 2009; Abu-Lughod 1989; Barfield 1989; Grinin, Ilyin, and Korotayev 2012; Grinin and Korotayev 2012). Unfortunately, the authors of the world-system approach – Andre Gunder Frank, Barry Gills, William Thompson, Janet Abu-Lughod, Christopher Chase- Dunn, Thomas Hall and others – commonly pay little attention to the regions located in the north of the early civilizations and, in particular, to Eastern Europe. For example, Frank and Thompson excluded Eastern Europe from the list of areas of economic expansion, when highlighting their indicators of the world-systems ‘expansion/contraction’ in the ear- ly Iron Age (Frank and Thompson 2006: 144).
    [Show full text]
  • The Amber Route 琥珀之路 Sopron Is Located on the Bernstein (Amber
    The Amber Route 琥珀之路 different directions, depending Sopron is located on the Bernstein upon whom was in power. (Amber) route, connecting the In 225 BCE, the Romans inflicted Baltic and Italy, and was an their first major defeat upon the important center of trade before Celts, who at this time occupied the entire Po valley. Whatever the Romans conquered Pannonia. amber managed to get into Italy (http://www.powercoin.it/index.php?main_pag came by way of the sea, or as e=product_info&cPath=95_65&products_id=3 98&language=en) trade through the Celts. During the first millennium BCE, Rome was (http://world.people.com.cn/BIG5/1031/49296 beginning to push the Celts back 01.html) into upper Germany. However, the Forty or fifty million years more amber source, the Baltic Sea, still ago, resin dripped down the remained out of Rome's direct trunks of prehistoric pine trees, control. By now routes were open which the ancient Greeks called to the Danube valley, and an the "tears of gods". Insects, plant overland amber route established. seeds, little frogs, even small This went from the head of the lizards got trapped in the tacky Adriatic Sea around the east flank surface of it and covered by it of the Alps and through Austria which hardened with time to be and Poland to the Baltic. seen today in the "gold of the sea." As demand for amber grew, Rome The waves of the Baltic Sea have became more interested in cutting thrown this "gold" of the sea out the middlemen and dealing ashore and man carried this gold direct with the source, wherever south along routes that became that was.
    [Show full text]
  • Amber Road Conference 2016 Cross-Cultural Management And
    Irena Zavrl Cross-cultural Tonka Semmler-Matošić management and language acquisition to promote the connecting spirit of the Amber Road Amber Road Conference 2016 March 22nd, 2016 Danube University Krems Cross-cultural management and language acquisition to promote the connecting spirit of the Amber Road Irena Zavrl . Amber Road : an ancient trade route . Amber Road: a modern (regional) educational route . Languages of the Amber Road region . Do languages shape the way we think? . Nexus between language and culture: dialectical relationship . Culture : How diverse is Amber Road? . Conclusion 1 Amber Road – ancient trade route Amber road: a modern educational route . main idea of the project Amber Road, initiated by the University of West Hungary two years ago . the incorporation of international networking alliances should become an essential mechanism for the internationalization of higher education institutions . different languages meet different cultures. 2 Language groups of Amber Road Baltic Slavic Finno- Ugric Languages of the Amber Road region . Croatian: Jantarski put . German: . Czech: Jantarová stezka Bernsteinstraße . Latvian: Dzintara Ceļš . Estonian: . Lithuanian: Gintaro Merevaigutee kelias . Italian: Via . Polish: Jantarowy Szlak dell'Ambra . Russian: Янтарный путь . Slovak: Jantárová cesta . Slovene: Jantarjeva pot 3 Do langauges shape the way we think? Nexus between language and culture: dialectical relationship enough evidence on the dialectical relationship between language and culture : terms for describing relationships
    [Show full text]
  • The "Amber Route" Silver Coins
    The "Amber Route" silver coins These antique finish silver coins, produced by the Mint of Poland, trace the ancient Roman "Amber Road" from the south shore of the Baltic Sea, in northern Europe, all the way to Roman Italy. The Amber Route follows the path of merchants who travelled these areas to buy amber, these travels started as early as the 1st century BC. The Amber Route is also a cover name for the multiple commercial relationships between the Mediterranean and Baltic countries. The coin reverse depicts in the center, a Roman covered wagon pulled by two horses. The bust profile portrait of a Roman legionnaire oversees the transport. In background a map of the Baltic Sea, indicating the coastline and location of Kaliningrad. A profile portrait of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II is depicted on the coin. inscription is the image of a Pugio; a small dagger used as sidearms by Roman soldiers. In the background is an image of Konigsberg Castle, the name sake of the town that became known as Kaliningrad in 1946. In the top right portion of the coin is an image of an ancient coin, the type used to pay for amber in those times, while next to that is a Kaliningrad (Königsburg), Russia genuine amber insert. At the bottom of the coin in a semi-circle, In the center of the coin observe is is the inscription "SZLAK the inscription for the town of BURSZTYNOWY" (Amber Route). Kaliningrad. Beneath the of St. Nicholas, located in old town Elblag, with a circular piece of Polish amber inlaid.
    [Show full text]