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Urban Regeneration: Success Or Failure?

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Urban Regeneration: Success Or Failure? Urban regeneration: Success or failure? Written by Christopher Mawdsley with Irmani Darlington The leader of Manchester City Council, Cllr Richard Leese, opened Taking forward the the day’s discussion with an urban regeneration No 43 July 2002 observation that urban regeneration is an immense task and one that is often agenda underestimated in terms of what needs Urban regeneration: to be accomplished. In outlining Louise Ellman MP reflected how, in ‘urban regeneration in a major city’ Cllr 1997, the creation of the Department Success or failure? Leese painted a picture of just how for Environment, Transport and the complex and difficult regeneration Regions (DETR) was indicative of the Report of the CLES activity actually is. Government’s approach to urban regeneration. In 2001 Labour moved Annual Conference Infrastructure in cities like Manchester to reject this approach through the 2002 has suffered from long periods of removal of the environment portfolio decline exacerbated by decades of and created the Department for Written by Christopher Mawdsley under investment. The aim of urban Transport, Local Government and the Researcher, CLES Consulting with regeneration has to be as much about Regions (DTLR). Developments in May Irmani Darlington, Research reversing this trend, and the culture 2002 saw further changes to how that urban areas are bad. Cllr Leese urban regeneration will be approached Consultant, CLES Consulting argued that ‘urban regeneration has … for the remainder of Labour’s second become a cultural task’ as people have term when the links between transport If you wish to make any come to believe decline is the norm and local government and the regions comments on this Local Work, a and little change can be expected. The were broken. discussion forum has been set two key lessons to take away are ‘what up at we do has to be deliverable’ and has to Louise Ellman argued that if we are to be ‘sustainable in the long term’. As Cllr learn anything from the past decade www.cles.org.uk/forum/Forums/ Leese quite rightly points out then it must be that services need to L_simple/forum.asp ‘regeneration is a fragile thing, the be brought back together. The ‘impact successes are fragile and what they need is if you look individually at the issues’ is Local Work is published by the Centre nurturing and supporting’. inadequate. It requires a joined-up for Local Economic Strategies, Express Networks, 1 George Leigh Street, Manchester M4 5DL Tel: 0161 236 7036 Fax: 0161 236 1891 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cles.org.uk ISSN: 09503080 The views expressed in Local Work are not necessarily those of the Centre for Local Economic Strategies Editor: Pauline Sturges Tel: 01736 786093 Email: [email protected] Printed by Russell Press, Nottingham Tony Durrant (right), CEMVO, in discussion with a delegate 1 approach to all the individual around Europe. Liveability refers to communities. He strongly advocated elements that make up regeneration. the way in which measures can be the need for a comprehensive and Transport does matter for the taken to improve the environment. holistic approach to regeneration. regeneration of our towns and cities, Housing, specifically demand and so that certain areas are not left at the availability, remains high on the Paul Evans, of the London Borough periphery to become economically agenda providing a link between the of Southwark, remarked that the marginalised. Transport has to be part broader urban policy agenda and success or failure of regeneration of a holistic regeneration programme. neighbourhood renewal. cannot be measured as a single shot. The key to urban regeneration is in Turning to the question of success or Since 1997 urban policy and the the 'permanent management of the failure, Louise Ellman advocated a neighbourhood renewal agenda have processes' and getting regeneration balanced approach. While the had a major impact on tackling programmes towards their objectives. statistical approach remained deprivation. Structural changes – the important, the perceptions and development of the Urban Policy Unit In analysing the policy framework, feelings of the people counted just as and the Neighbourhood Renewal Unit Paul Evans claimed there is a ‘fair degree much. Do people think they are and coordinating bodies (urban of coherence’ across the policy arena yet involved? Do they think things have sounding board), plus extensive contradictions are still visible; neither changed? Government is looking at organisational changes at the local does urban policy link as smoothly both these areas, but methods of (LSPs) and the regional (RDAs) levels – with other policy areas. He expressed measurement do not bring success. have taken place. Monitoring is the view that Government is not nearly Three specific practical actions were another area where urban policy has as influential as it thinks it is. outlined as to how success can be altered with the development of key achieved: indicators for urban analysis at the Cllr Eric Ollerenshaw based his heart of the change. presentation on a report recently ■ through making power and published by the Greater London resources work Changes in the last four years: Authority’s Economic Development Committee. The report reviewed ‘the ■ by pioneering new ways of ■ ‘mainstreaming’ rather than area- progress of publicly funded regeneration looking at economic development based initiatives schemes across London as a whole’. The conclusion it came to was ■ by pushing the powers to the ■ broader focus on towns, cities, ‘regeneration does work, what we are limits. regions trying to do on a regional level is to make it work a bit better’. The picture isn’t David Liston-Jones from the Urban ■ neighbourhood approach all rosy, difficulties still inhibit Policy Unit, charted the evolution of regeneration efforts. urban policy from its beginning in ■ design, public space 1968 with the Urban Programme, While Government rhetoric is about through to 1997, and how the ■ new language: cohesion, joined-up approaches and emphasis of urban policy had liveability, renaissance. rationalisation, the incoherent changed from inner cities to focusing introduction of new initiatives on the wider urban area. In June 1999 Things that stayed the same: delivers complexity and confusion. the Urban Task Force chaired by Lord Unrealistic expectations are also being Rogers published its report Towards an ■ emphasis on partnership placed on communities to become Urban Renaissance. This was the first involved in the partnership process so real development on the urban policy ■ comprehensive approach across inhibiting the regeneration effort. agenda from the Labour Government. housing, jobs, crime etc The report identified the key drivers Measurement of previous regeneration of urban renaissance: information ■ importance of involvement of programmes proved to be a concern. technology, ecology, and social local people. Only minimal evaluation work has transformation. These laid the been undertaken and what does exist foundations for the Urban White is unreliable. Cllr Ollerenshaw argued Paper Our Towns and Cities: The Future that ‘if all this effort is being put in to Delivering an Urban Renaissance in outputs, if they aren’t going to be used November 2000. and carried out and be robust, then what From strategy to is the point?’ Gaps existing in the David Liston-Jones turned his delivery: regional and information means diminished value- attention to the issues at the fore of for-money in deprived areas. the urban policy agenda. local perspectives Competitiveness and cohesion, a new Bob Colenutt outlined the structure phrase to describe ‘economically Baron Isherwood, North West and the delivery of the local urban competitive and socially cohesive’ towns Development Agency, introduced the regeneration programme in the and cities. Core Cities, of which there session by questioning if we have London Borough of Haringey. He are eight, is a concept looking at the moved too far away from spoke of linking the broader role core cities play in creating communities. The trick is to regeneration programme into the regions and how those regions can understand spatial implications and neighbourhood renewal agenda and compete with comparable regions how they relate to the individual the challenges this presents. 2 The first set of challenges is many of the problems. Recently required. Traditionally, the limited structural in nature, with concern Government has moved to break the impact of regeneration funds has that ‘targeting small areas may not links between neighbourhood been based on three points – poor drive strategic change’. This is often renewal and the economic identification of problems, poor due to a neighbourhood’s lack of regeneration agenda. implementation of policy, and a lack control over local services – a of local ownership. He believes that situation that is unlikely to be this view misses the main point – resolved because of the council’s that the underlying inequalities in ambivalence on devolving power society which create poverty in our down to the neighbourhoods. cities, like a poor benefits system, and Successes have been a lack of local and regional The second set of challenges refers to achieved but work intervention, are the real problem. the delivery mechanisms on the front line. Bob Colenutt suggested that needs to continue to Neil McInroy also challenged the attempting to join up services on the meet the challenges of concept that community front line would be a ‘huge challenge’, empowerment is a necessary part of a and one not made easier by the under the new dilemmas regeneration scheme. funding the services have endured over a long period. Community Nicholas Schoon, Campaign for the partnership building was recognised Protection of Rural England, presented as complex and controversial. The key findings from his work The Chosen most difficult challenge is that City. He stated that the single biggest poverty and transience are problems challenge facing Britain was beyond the influence of transforming the major towns and neighbourhood renewal.
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