Representation of Death in Award-Winning Picture Books Kathryn R
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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 A Less than Perfect World: Representation of Death in Award-Winning Picture Books Kathryn R. Comellas Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION A LESS THAN PERFECT WORLD: REPRESENTATION OF DEATH IN AWARD-WINNING PICTURE BOOKS By KATHRYN R. COMELLAS A Thesis submitted to the School of Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2014 © 2014 Kathryn R. Comellas Kathryn R. Comellas defended this thesis on November 4, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: Don L. Latham Professor Directing Thesis Melissa Gross Committee Member Nancy Everhart Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee member, and certifies that the treatise has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................2 AWARDS ........................................................................................................................................4 BENEFITS OF LITERARY AWARDS ..........................................................................................8 IMPORTANCE OF DEATH EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN...................................................13 IMPORTANCE OF DEATH IN AWARD WINNERS ................................................................22 BOOK ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................23 Death of a Pet .....................................................................................................................24 Death of a Grandparent ......................................................................................................26 Death of an Adult Friend ...................................................................................................28 Death of a Parent ................................................................................................................30 Death of a Sibling ..............................................................................................................32 Death in the Family due to War/Civil Unrest ....................................................................33 Death of a Child Main Character .......................................................................................36 USING BOOKS ON DEATH WITH CHILDREN .......................................................................38 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................46 References ......................................................................................................................................50 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................54 Biographical Sketch .......................................................................................................................55 iii ABSTRACT This paper examines the presence of death in contemporary, 1990 to 2013, award- winning picture books in the United States, Canada, England, and Australia. Literary awards nationally, and globally, recognize titles that are considered to be exemplary in their genre. These awards—the Caldecott from the United States, the Governor General’s Award for English-Language Illustration, the Kate Greenaway Medal from the United Kingdom, and the Children’s Book Council of Australia’s Best Picture Book of the Year Award—are the most prestigious in their country of origin and greatly impact the economic value and visibility of each title, the global children’s book market, and the careers of the winning author and illustrators. Although death education for young children is hotly debated, its importance cannot be understated. Given the continuing trend of research showing the benefits of death education for children there has been a remarkable lack of award-winning literature that depicts death, dying, and learning how to cope with the extreme feelings these events create. A larger presence of death in award-winning children’s literature would provide an easy-to-find, and reference, guide of excellent books parents or other adults could give to children to teach them about death, healthy coping methods, and empathy. iv INTRODUCTION Picture books are among the resources available to introduce children to the world they live in. It is not always a pleasant reality, but it is important to prepare them for the things they may experience and to help them learn about the experiences of others. Rather than shielding children from the harsher truths, especially in regards to death, and setting them up for a lifetime of fear, parents and other adults can introduce children to books that cover the many different realities of being human. In turn, these books can be used to guide children and to prepare them for facing the less than pleasant aspects of life as we know it. Award-winning picture books are an especially useful group of books to consider because they are aimed at young children (usually ages 4-7 years) and represent what award committees consider to be the highest quality literature for children during a given year. 1 METHODOLOGY This study focuses on the representation of death in award winning picture books across multiple, primarily English-speaking, countries-the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. For a topic that is an integral part of life, it is remarkably hard to find nationally recognized picture books that dare to broach this subject with their young audience. My primary objective was to see if any variation occurred in the representation of death in award-winning picture books between societies that are so closely related and that share a common language as is the case with Australia, England, Canada, and the United States. I was also interested in who died during each book, if the death was shown or not, and how the main character responded to the death event. For this project I focused on the period 1990 to 2013, as a means of addressing the contemporary representations of death and the current attitudes surrounding the presence of death in award-winning children’s literature. I examined one literary award for picture books from each country, looking for the presence of death in award winners and honor books for each award. The awards selected were the Caldecott Award from the United States, the Governor General’s Award for English-Language Children’s Illustration from Canada, the Kate Greenaway Award from the United Kingdom, and the Children’s Book Council of Australia (CBCA) Best Picture Book of the Year Award from Australia. In the case of the Kate Greenaway and the Governor General’s, honor books (or runner-ups) are not listed past the current year and so could not be included in this study. The CBCA Best Picture Book of the Year includes two honor books. The Caldecott Award has a varying number of honor books ranging from two to five titles in any given year. A total of 221 titles were examined — 72 titles from Australia, 24 titles from England, 24 titles from Canada, and 101 titles from the United States (see Appendix). While the number of titles varies from each country, the awards chosen for 2 study are considered to be the most well-known and prestigious of the literary awards (in their country of origin) designed for children’s picture books. After selecting the awards to be studied the next step was to locate all of the titles dating back to 1990 to see if death, dying, loss, or bereavement was addressed and those books that did not address at least one of these topics were eliminated. There were several logistical problems that had to be dealt with during this process and these were primarily related to the difficulty of obtaining most of the Australian titles in the United States, an issue that became magnified the older the publication date. It was eventually through creative purchasing and the large ILL network available in north Texas that each title was located. Additionally, the CBCA Best Picture Book of the Year award is the only award not specifically awarded to children’s titles although it is traditionally awarded to children’s titles. It evaluates all picture books, and includes comics and graphic novels in this category, regardless of the maturity of the intended audience. Keeping this in mind, the CBCA titles had to be further analyzed to determine if they met the classification of a children’s book. 3 AWARDS This paper examines literary awards for picture books from four different countries—The Children's Book Council of Australia Best Picture Book of the Year from Australia, the Kate Greenaway Medal from the United Kingdom, the Governor General’s Award for English- Language Children’s Illustration from Canada, and the Randolph Caldecott