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Real Pirates Educators Guide.Pdf 1. © 2007 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY Gallery 1: Introductory Theater Gallery 2: The Bell Gallery Gallery 3: The Caribbean Gallery 4: The Slave Ship Whydah Whydah An informative video introduces The Whydah ’s bell was a We enter a tavern and meet the The is the themes of the exhibit: pirates significant find, definitive pirates, hear their music, and shown loading captives and and their ships, the Caribbean proof that Barry Clifford read their Articles of conduct. then traveling the Middle as an economic center, slave had located the shipwreck. A map shows the trade routes Passage from Africa to the trade, and life on-board ships centered in the Caribbean. Caribbean. A video describes and on plantations. the slave trade. THE WHYDAH From Slave Ship to Pirate Ship The Whydah Galley was launched in London in 1715 . She was designed as a slave ship , and represented the latest technology of the day. Equipped with the most up-to-date weapons , she was fast and easy to maneuver , essential qualities if she were to cross the Middle Passage as quickly as possible to minimize the loss of human cargo. She had a three-masted sailing rig , but was also fitted out for rowing. The lower decks could hold hundreds of captives and had large galleys with provisions to feed them. All of these BACKGROUND features— size , speed , weaponry —made THE CARIBBEAN IN THE EARLY 18TH CENTURY slave ships very attractive to pirates . The Caribbean was once the economic powerhouse of the Atlantic world. Ships laden In time, pirates would turn their with rich cargo traveled the high seas on trade routes that linked Europe , Africa , and attention to the lucrative slave trade , attack - North and South America in the complex webs of an economy fundamentally driven ing slaving ships off the West African coast . by slavery . It was this that eventually led to the pirates’ Let’s trace one common trade route. A ship on the first leg of its journey, from downfall. The navies of the European powers Europe to Africa, would be loaded with manufactured goods such as firearms , cloth , sought to exterminate them. But we are get - liquor , iron , beads , and tools . It would work its way down the west coast of Africa, ting ahead of our story. trading manufactured goods for human captives and also for gold and ivory . After leaving London, the Whydah sailed When fully loaded with human cargo, the ship would set out on the next leg of its to the west coast of Africa , trading goods for journey, the infamous Middle Passage, sailing across the Atlantic from Africa to the a total of 367 captives . Of these, 312 Caribbean slave markets. Crammed into the stinking hold for two to three months, the survived the Middle Passage and were sold captives endured heat, malnutrition, disease, and emotional trauma. at the slave market in Jamaica . Weighted Those that survived were sold as slaves, and the ship took on new cargo, products down now with valuable cargo, the ship from the plantations in the Caribbean and South America destined for European made sail for England. But she was never to markets. With the use of unpaid slave labor , these vast plantations were able to reach her home port. produce huge quantities of sugar , tobacco , and coffee for export at enormous profits. CAPTURED BY PIRATES There was other trade too. Gold and silver mined by Indians under slave conditions Sam Bellamy was shipped from South America to Spain . Rum from the North American colonies In February of 1717, , captain Sultana Whydah was smuggled illegally into the Caribbean. of the pirate ship , spied the while she was still in Bahamian waters. With all this treasure on the open seas, is it any wonder that pirates took advantage? Hoisting the Jolly Roger , he gave chase for 2. © 2007 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY Gallery 5: Capturing the Whydah Gallery 6: Entering the Whydah Gallery 7: The Captain’s Cabin Gallery 8: Below Decks Weaponry fills the gallery— Climb onboard this large scale Here is a close-up look at In this glimpse of pirate life, we cannon, swords, pistols, replica of the Whydah ’s hull. Captain Bellamy’s quarters. see a surgeon sawing off a leg; grenades. Four banners show She is at dock in the Caribbean After a series of spectacular a sailor asleep in his hammock; the featured pirates, and two on a moonlit night. raids, he is shown examining the quartermaster recording murals depict pirate attacks. his charts to set his course the booty; and the carpenter for Cape Cod and home. dismantling the slave quarters. three days nonstop. When Captain Lawrence Bellamy’s Voyage Prince realized capture was inevitable, he On a spectacular looting voyage through the lowered his colors and his sails, and Caribbean, Bellamy captured more than 50 surrendered the Whydah without a fight. prizes . Laden with booty—perhaps as much The pirates lost no time in transferring as 4.5 tons of treasure —the Whydah set their loot from the Sultana onto their new course for New England , where legend says prize . They quickly repositioned more Bellamy intended to pick up his lady-love, weaponry, placing cannons both on the Maria Hallett. But on April 26, 1717 , a upper deck and below. To make the ship less violent nor’easter off the coast of Cape Cod top heavy, the pirates probably leveled the sent the pirate ship to a watery grave where were ruthless opportunists with nothing upper deck by clearing off cabins and other its treasures remained undiscovered for to lose—except their lives. The penalty for structures. Thus was a slave ship trans - nearly 300 years . piracy was hanging . formed into a pirate ship . As was their custom, the pirates invited LIFE AT SEA Onboard Democracy the crew of the Whydah to join them. A few Sailors, Seamen, and Pirates Yet these outlaws evolved a kind of did, but those who declined were freed with This was the so-called “ Golden Age of seagoing democracy at a time when it was Captain Prince to sail away, unharmed, on Piracy ,” from about 1660 to 1730 , a unknown in Europe and the colonies. Upon the Sultana . This may seem surprising, but brief but action-packed period of history. joining a pirate crew, new recruits signed the there is much about the pirate way of life Pirates were outlaws who pledged Ship’s Articles . They swore an oath of loyalty that runs counter to the modern stereotype, allegiance to no country and ravaged and agreed to a code of conduct. In return, as we will soon see. ships of all nations indiscriminately . They they were given an equal vote in electing 3. © 2007 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY Gallery 9: The Treasure Gallery Gallery 10: The Storm Gallery Gallery 11 : The Loss of the Gallery 12: The Pirates’ Fate A large, dramatic case holds The visitor is surrounded by Whydah The ship has broken When captured, pirates faced a chest overflowing with coins, the violent storm that took apart. Walking over a glass trial and death by hanging. just some of the loot recovered down the Whydah , all but panel, visitors see contents A full-size replica of a gibbet from the Whydah . Around two of her crew, and her vast of the Whydah strewn across where their bodies were left the gallery, more cases display treasure. the sandy ocean bottom off to rot as a warning to others, featured coins. of Cape Cod. hangs menacingly in the room. the ship’s officers , an almost equal share of during World War II, adding even more the loot (the captain and quartermaster got debris to the seabed. a larger share), and compensation for injuries Barry Clifford is not put off by or loss of limbs. By contrast, on merchant challenges. He had been fascinated by the and naval vessels, there was a strict tale of the Whydah since childhood, and hierarchical order and pitifully low wages. in 1983 began searching for the wreck. To an international crew consisting of It was not until 1985 that he brought up blacks, whites, and Indians, these were the incontrovertible evidence that the wreck rights and privileges unheard of at sea or was indeed the Whyda h—her bell . on land. It is no wonder that many willingly signed on. Technology and Conservation The pirates also created onboard living The recovery process has required the use conditions far superior to those on merchant of some high-tech equipment, such as or naval ships. Because they had crews of as lasers , CT scans , x-rays , a proton precision many as a couple of hundred , the workload magnetometer , and diving gear . The work is was lighter than on merchant ships which painstaking, and like an archaeological dig , typically were worked by only 1 2–15 men. the area is divided into grids. Clifford and his On a merchant ship, food and clean water crew investigate one square at a time and were in short supply and diseases caused by carefully record their findings. malnutrition were rampant. The officers fared They have also been careful to conserve much better than the crew, however. On a what they recover. Metal objects such as pirate ship, everyone ate and drank equally. cannons and coins, for example, are With frequent raids to restock supplies and encrusted in concretions , formations that with more leisure time to catch fresh food, occur over time when metal disintegrates and the pirates ate (and drank) well. combines with sea salts to make a concrete- like mass . Concretions preserve the artifacts as THE RECOVERY OF THE long as they are kept wet.
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