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1234 2Nd Quarter Consultant 2010:November-December 2005.Qxd For an electronic version of the “Consultant” log on to www.wsnelson.com 4 Page 2nd Quarter, 2010 A check was presented to Children’s Hospital New Orleans during the volleyball tourna- ment and telethon held in June at Coconut Beach Representatives from Children’s Hospital joined employees at the Bar-B-Q in recognition of the Company’s long time support of Volume 53 2nd Quarter 2010 Children’s Hospital. A Tale of Three Bridges By: Charles W. Nelson, P.E. hen travelling east out of Employees raised money for New Orleans to get to Children’s Hospital New Orleans WMississippi, a driver has by having lunchtime Bar-B-Q’s three options: U.S. Hwy 11 across the and Bake Sales during the month 'Five Mile Bridge', Interstate 10 across the of May. 'Twin Span', or U. S. Hwy 90 across the Chef Menteur bridge. This article discuss- es a bit of the history of those three bridges - not just the chronological history, but also the SURVIVAL history. The 'Five Mile Bridge' on Hwy 11 was the brainchild of Louisiana businessmen who recognized the opportunity to put to work the old adage that 'time is money'. For someone wanting to travel by car to Mississippi from Louisiana in the 1920's, it meant an indirect route around Lake Pontchartrain, along its shoreline to Hammond, then east through St. Tammany Fig 1. Watson-Williams, or Hwy 11 Bridge Parish to Mississippi. This invited a busi- ness venture to shorten the route, charge a Reinforced concrete longitudinal girders erating drawings with pen and India ink on fee for the savings in time realized, and span from pile cap to pile cap, and support linen cloth. Construction equipment at the allow motorists of the day to choose a 10” reinforced concrete slab overlain by time would have included wooden barges between time and money. The realization a 1 ½” rock asphalt surface. Ford, Bacon and steam powered cranes and pile drivers. of that economic model resulted in a pri- and Davis were the design engineers, and Chronologically speaking, the next vate bridge longer than any in the world at Elliot and Harmon Engineering Company bridge to discuss is the U. S. Hwy 90 its time. It was called the Watson- were consultants. Figure 1 seems to indi- bridge at Chef Menteur Pass. It, and its Williams Bridge by its owners. cate that the 35’ x 33’ roadway sections companion bridge at the Rigolets, at the RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED SERVICE RETURN The bridge was built by the Raymond were pre-cast, but this is not known defin- eastern end of the eight mile Chef Menteur NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 LA ORLEANS, NEW Concrete Pile Company as a 4.78 mile itively. Island, were built between 1921 and 1928 1200 ST. CHARLES AVENUE CHARLES ST. 1200 long, 33 foot wide structure and opened on Two double leaf bascule bridges were under a campaign promise completed by Feb. 18, 1928 at a cost of $6,000,000. The installed, one spanning 106’ about 2500’ then Gov. Huey Long to have 'free bridges' construction system included 2’ x 2’ and 2’ from the South shore, and one spanning in the state of Louisiana. This promise Permit No. 650 No. Permit x 2’6” reinforced concrete piles having an 150’ located about 6000’ from the North stuck hard, as research shows that of the New Orleans, La. Orleans, New average length of 73.7 ft and average pen- shore. Toll booths were located on the 15,150 bridges in the watery state of PAID etration of 60.5 ft below Mean Gulf Level western end of the bridge, and the toll was Louisiana, only three have tolls - the U.S. POSTAGE U.S. (MGL). Pile bents had four piles each, $1.25 per vehicle plus $.10 per passenger. Crescent City Connection across the PRSRT STD PRSRT and were spaced at 35’ centers, supporting This bridge was designed by engineers Mississippi at New Orleans, the Sunshine reinforced concrete pile caps. (Figure 1) using slide rules and log tables, likely gen- Bridge across the Mississippi in St. Page 2 2nd Quarter, 2010 2nd Quarter, 2010 Page 3 German Autobahn built by Hitler, which pass east of the Lake, the storm's counter- Eisenhower may have realized was a key clockwise rotating winds pushed this six were strung through the holes by divers; In Memoriam to not only military movement, but also foot surcharge of water to the south for at the span was lifted out of the water by THE CONSULTANT® commerce. The I-10 Twin Span was built least 24 hours, reaching 11 feet at New crane, and placed on a transport barge for WALDEMAR S. NELSON AND COMPANY using lessons learned from the earlier Lake Orleans. Above this storm surge rode transport to shore for demolition. The Incorporated Engineers and Architects Pontchartrain Causeway, which is worthy wind-driven waves which by physical 'Goldhofer' trailers were also used to re-set 1200 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA 70130 spans pirated from the northernmost Telephone: (504) 523-5281 Fax:(504) 523-4587 of its own discussion. Spans were 65 ft. principal can grow to about 38% of the www.wsnelson.com bridge of the twin span. 2 Northpoint Dr., Ste. 300 long, and pre-cast roadway panels were water depth on which they ride before Houston, TX 77060-3235 placed between these, as is the practice for breaking. The Hwy 90 bridge at Chef Menteur Telephone: (281) 999-1989 Fax:(281) 999-6757 many elevated roadways across Louisiana. When this onslaught hit the Hwy 11 had its own unique history of Katrina- Waldemar S. Nelson, P.E. (1916-2005) related damage. This bridge has a deck Charles W. Nelson, P.E. President and Chairman Designers of the time no doubt had early bridge (the northern-most and oldest of the Kenneth H. Nelson, P.E. Secretary elevation of +/-15 ft, and would not have James B. Lane, P.E. Treasurer computer programs to assist with the struc- three), little happened. The lower eleva- Thomas G. Ehrlicher, P.E. Executive Vice President Virginia N. Dodge Assistant Secretary tural designs, and a bevy of 'board drafter- tion and solid construction of the two-lane been totally submerged during Hurricane Wayne J. Hingle, P.E. Sr. Vice President Robert J. Leaber, Jr., P.E. Sr. Vice President Katrina. Due to the restrictions of Chef Arthur J. Smith, III, P.E. Sr. Vice President s' to depict their designs for delivery to the bridge served it well during this test. Peter M. Smith, P.E. Sr. Vice President Menteur pass, it would not have been sub- David R. Stewart, P.E. Sr. Vice President constructors selected to build the bridges. Minor damage to guardrails on the bridge Thomas W. Wells, P.E. Sr. Vice President jected to the same severity of wave action Michael D. Harbison,P.E. Vice President One design element apparently not consid- were likely caused by floating debris, boats Barton W. Harris, P.E. Vice President as the Interstate 10 bridge, although it is in Stephen O. Johns, P.E. Vice President ered by its designers must have been a most likely, which would have been blown Lyle F. Kuhlmann, P.E. Vice President Joseph R.Lawton, III P.E.,PMP Vice President question thought to be unlikely: what hap- into, on and over the bridge. This damage much deeper water. The physical effect A. Pierre Olivier, P.E. Vice President Stephen M. Pumilla, P.E Vice President governing this is limited 'fetch', or travel Clifton A..Snow, Jr.P.E. Vice President pens if it gets hit by a hurricane which puts was quickly cleared, and the Hwy 11 Louis W. Conner, P.E. Assistant Vice President distance for wind to build a wave in water R. Kent Davis, P.E Assistant Vice President it underwater? bridge became a primary access route from Anthony D. Hoffman, P.E. Assistant Vice President of a given depth. The 1930's era Chef Leanne M. Methe, P.E. Assistant Vice President The survival history of these three eastern New Orleans to Slidell for months Jack H. Neelis, II, P.E. Assistant Vice President Donald J. Guidry, P.E. Robert C. Olivier, A.I.A Assistant Vice President bridges is the topic of the remainder of this after the storm. Menteur bridge survived well during Stephen E. Prados, P.E. Assistant Vice President Fig. 3 - I-10 Twin Spans August 19, 1944 - May 20, 2010 R. Bradford Rogers, PE. Assistant Vice President article. Their test came during Hurricane The Interstate 10 bridges did not fare Katrina. Structural damage was minimal, William E. Rushing Jr. P.E. Assistant Vice President Looking East Wayne D. Talley, P.E. Assistant Vice President Katrina, which attacked Louisiana in late so well. At 10 ft above normal lake level, but mechanical and electrical systems Ronald J. Villere, PMP Assistant Vice President It is with deep regret that we share the August of 2005 from the east, traveling they were submerged when Katrina repairs were months in coming, due to other priorities in the rebuilding effort and news of the passing of Don Guidry, a long Charles Parish, and the Lake Pontchartrain across the Gulf of Mexico for 5 days whipped the Lake to its frenzy. Waves run- realignments were needed to adjust spans the fact that 90 percent of the buildings on time and valued member of our firm, fol- Causeway. before making landfall. The eye of the ning hard south from the day's long thrust which were offset between 2 " and 20'.
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