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Tesi Gianguzzi G. DEFINITIVA.Pdf UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PALERMO Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Forestali e Ambientali DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE AGRARIE, ALIMENTARI E FORESTALI SSD AGR/03 DINAMICHE DI CRESCITA E QUALITÀ DEI FRUTTI DI MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) IN AMBIENTE MEDITERRANEO E SUBTROPICALE COORDINATORE IL DOTTORE CHIAR.MO PROF. VINCENZO BAGARELLO GIUSEPPE GIANGUZZI CO-TUTOR TUTOR PROF. VITTORIO FARINA CHIAR.MO PROF. PAOLO INGLESE CICLO XXXII 2020 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PALERMO Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Forestali e Ambientali DIPARTIMENTO SCIENZE AGRARIE, ALIMENTARI E FORESTALI SSD AGR/03 DINAMICHE DI CRESCITA E QUALITÀ DEI FRUTTI DI MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) IN AMBIENTE MEDITERRANEO E SUBTROPICALE IL DOTTORE COORDINATORE GIUSEPPE GIANGUZZI CHIAR.MO PROF. VINCENZO BAGARELLO TUTOR CO-TUTOR CHIAR.MO PROF. PAOLO INGLESE PROF. VITTORIO FARINA CICLO XXXII 2020 2 INDICE 1. INTRODUZIONE .................................................................................................. 5 2. L’IMPORTANZA DELLA COLTIVAZIONE DEL MANGO NEL MONDO 8 2.1 CARATTERISTICHE BOTANICHE .......................................................................... 12 2.2 LE CULTIVAR COMMERCIALI ............................................................................... 13 2.3 QUALITÀ ED USI DEL MANGO ............................................................................... 14 3. LE AREE DI INDAGINE ................................................................................... 17 3.1 SICILIA ................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 Lineamenti fisiografici, geolitologici e pedologici ................................................ 19 3.1.2 Clima e inquadramento bioclimatico ................................................................... 20 3.2 TENERIFE .............................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Lineamenti fisiografici, geolitologici e pedologici ................................................ 25 3.2.2 Clima e inquadramento bioclimatico ................................................................... 25 4. IPOTESI SCIENTIFICA E OBIETTIVI .......................................................... 28 5. FENOLOGIA E FISIOLOGIA .......................................................................... 30 5.1 APPLICAZIONE DEGLI STUDI FENOLOGICI .......................................................... 32 5.2 FIORITURA ............................................................................................................ 37 5.3 FRUTTIFICAZIONE ................................................................................................ 40 6. EVOLUZIONE DEGLI STADI FENOLOGICI E DELLA QUALITÀ DEI FRUTTI DI CINQUE CULTIVAR DI MANGO COLTIVATE IN SICILIA ................... 43 6.1 MATERIALI E METODI ......................................................................................... 44 6.1.1 Luogo della prova ................................................................................................... 45 6.1.2 Materiale vegetale .................................................................................................. 45 6.1.3 Disegno sperimentale ............................................................................................. 46 6.1.4 Campionamento e applicazione della Scala BBCH ............................................. 47 6.2 RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONI .................................................................................. 48 6.2.1 Dati climatici dell’area oggetto di studio .............................................................. 48 6.2.2 Considerazioni sulla produttività delle piante campionate ................................ 48 6.2.3 Descrizione delle piante oggetto di studio ............................................................ 49 6.2.4 Campionamento e applicazione della Scala BBCH ............................................. 50 6.2.5 Fioritura e crescita dei frutti ................................................................................... 56 6.2.6 Caratteristiche qualitative dei frutti ..................................................................... 62 6.3 CONCLUSIONI ........................................................................................................ 63 7. STUDIO DELLE DINAMICHE DI CRESCITA GIORNALIERA DEI FRUTTI DI CULTIVAR DI MANGO COLTIVATE IN AMBIENTE MEDITERRANEO 65 7.1 MATERIALI E METODI.......................................................................................... 68 7.1.1 Disegno sperimentale ............................................................................................. 68 7.2 RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE ................................................................................... 73 7.3 CONCLUSIONI ........................................................................................................ 84 3 8. STUDIO DELL’EVOLUZIONE QUALITATIVA DEI FRUTTI DI MANGO DELLA CULTIVAR OSTEEN IN RELAZIONE ALLA DATA DI RACCOLTA 86 8.1 MATERIALI E METODI.......................................................................................... 87 8.1.1. Luogo della prova .................................................................................................. 87 8.1.2. Caratterizzazione climatica dell’area .................................................................. 87 8.1.3. Disegno sperimentale ............................................................................................ 88 8.1.4 Analisi qualitative................................................................................................... 89 8.1.5. Analisi statistica ..................................................................................................... 90 8.2 RISULTATI ............................................................................................................. 90 8.3 CONCLUSIONI ........................................................................................................ 99 9. EFFETTO DELLA TEMPERATURA DI CONSERVAZIONE SUL COMPORTAMENTO FISIOLOGICO POST-RACCOLTA E SULLA QUALITÀ DI DUE CULTIVAR TARDIVE DI MANGO ......................................................... 101 9.1 MATERIALI E METODI........................................................................................ 103 9.1.1 Analisi fisico-chimiche e sensoriali ..................................................................... 103 9.1.2 Analisi sensoriale .................................................................................................. 105 9.1.3 Valutazioni danni da freddo ................................................................................ 106 9.1.4 Analisi dei dati ...................................................................................................... 106 9.2. RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE ................................................................................ 106 9.2.1 Maturazione del frutto a 13 °C e 90% di RH .................................................... 108 9.2.2 Maturazione del frutto a 20 °C e 70% di RH .................................................... 111 9.2.3 Analisi sensoriale .................................................................................................. 113 9.3 CONCLUSIONI ...................................................................................................... 113 10. FRUTTO DI MANGO MATURE-RIPE: CARATTERIZZAZIONE FISICO- CHIMICA E PROFILO SENSORIALE DI 5 CULTIVAR COLTIVATE NEL MEDITERRANEO ................................................................................................ 115 10.1 MATERIALI E METODI ..................................................................................... 116 10.1.2 Analisi fisico-chimiche ....................................................................................... 116 10.1.3 Analisi prossimale .............................................................................................. 117 10.1.4 Analisi sensoriale ................................................................................................ 118 10.2 RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE ............................................................................... 119 10.2.1 Analisi fisico-chimiche ....................................................................................... 119 10.2.2 Composizione minerale ...................................................................................... 121 10.2.3. Analisi sensoriale ............................................................................................... 122 10.3 CONCLUSIONI .................................................................................................... 124 11. CONCLUSIONI ............................................................................................... 125 12. BIBLIOGRAFIA .............................................................................................. 129 RINGRAZIAMENTI ............................................................................................. 141 4 1. INTRODUZIONE La Regione mediterranea – con clima caratterizzato da temperature miti, con lungo periodo di siccità estiva ed inverni relativamente piovosi – si colloca in una zona di transizione tra il clima arido del Nord-Africa e quello temperato-umido dell'Europa centrale (Lionello et al., 2006). Essa è influenzata dalle interazioni tra medie latitudini e fenomeni tropicali che la rendono potenzialmente vulnerabile ai cambiamenti climatici, determinati da un
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