EVENING MAS EVENING MASTER’S PROGRAM Earn your MA in public Earn your MA in public policy fr policy from UChicago in four quart in four quarters. Winter, Spring, and F Winter, Spring, and Fall starts. GRE not required. GRE not required. Apply now at: Applyharris.uchicago.edu/e now at: harris.uchicago.edu/eveningprogram

SUMMER 2020, VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4

UCH_Spring2020 cover and spine_v3.indd 1 8/12/20 11:37 AM UCH_ADS_v2.indd 2 8/12/20 1:20 PM EDITORˆS NOTES

VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4, SUMMER 2020

EDITOR Laura Demanski, AM’94 SENIOR EDITOR Mary Ruth Yoe ASSOCIATE EDITOR Susie Allen, AB’09 MANAGING EDITOR Rhonda L. Smith ART DIRECTOR Guido Mendez ALUMNI NEWS EDITOR Andrew Peart, AM’16, PHD’18 GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Laura Lorenz; Chloe Reibold OPEN TO CHANGE CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Jeanie Chung; John Easton, AM’77; Carrie Golus, AB’91, AM’93; Lucas McGranahan; Brooke E. O’Neill, AM’04 BY SUSIE ALLEN, AB’09, AND Editorial Office The University of Chicago LAURA DEMANSKI, AM’94 Magazine, 5235 South Harper Court, Chicago, IL 60615 TELEPHONE 773.702.2163 EMAIL [email protected] University of Chicago Alumni Relations and Development has its offices at 5235 South Harper Court, Chicago, IL 60615 TELEPHONE 773.702.2150 ADDRESS CHANGES 800.955.0065 or ike much of the country, we at the Magazine watched the [email protected] news with attention and emotion this spring and summer. WEB mag.uchicago.edu The killing of George Floyd at the hands of police in May and

The University of Chicago Magazine the fatal shootings of Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor (ISSN-0041-9508) is published quarterly (Fall, earlier this year were disturbingly familiar episodes. What Winter, Spring, Summer) by the University followed—a genuinely national protest movement for equal of Chicago in cooperation with Alumni Relations and Development, 5235 South justice under the law that encompassed large cities, small Harper Court, Chicago, IL 60615, and sent to towns, and suburbs—felt like nothing we could remember, all University of Chicago alumni. Published unprecedented in scope and shared feeling. Could this be an opening continuously since 1907. Periodicals postage Lfor meaningful change? paid at Chicago and additional mailing offi s. POSTMASTER Send address changes to Wanting insight and perspective on what was happening, we turned The University of Chicago Magazine, Alumni to three UChicago Law School scholars who have spent years working Records, 5235 South Harper Court, Chicago, IL 60615. © 2020 University of Chicago on police misconduct and two historians who are experts on racism in the United States. Read our conversations with Craig Futterman; Advertising Contact uchicago-magazine Sharon Fairley, JD’06; William Baude, SB’04; Kathleen Belew; and @uchicago.edu or visit mag.uchicago.edu/ Adam Green, AB’85, in “Racism, Policing, and Protest” on page 40. advertising. The Magazine is a member of the Ivy League Magazine Network, whose clients We aimed to better understand two big questions: How did we get include other colleges and universities. These here? And what’s next? advertisements help the Magazine continue to In their interviews the faculty members express guarded hope for deliver news of the University of Chicago and its alumni to readers. Please contact the editor change and offer knowledge gained from their long work on these with any questions. issues. Futterman, Fairley, and Baude give a deep dive into some of IVY LEAGUE MAGAZINE NETWORK the reforms to policing that are being discussed broadly now: stronger Heather Wedlake, Director of Operations TELEPHONE 617.319.0995 WEB ivymags.com civilian oversight, limitation or elimination of qualified immunity, police EMAIL [email protected] defunding, and other interventions. The historians offer context: Belew examines the long history of The University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual White supremacy in the United States, and the White power move- orientation, gender identity, national or ethnic ment—more organized than it appears and gaining traction. Green origin, age, status as an individual with a discusses the civil rights movement of the 1960s as a precedent or disability, protected veteran status, genetic information, or other protected classes under analogue for the summer of 2020. the law. For additional information, please see We think these conversations shed important light on the moment. equalopportunity.uchicago.edu. And we see them as a beginning. In future issues we’ll draw in more UChicagoans—faculty, alumni, students—with their own perspec- tives. We hope you’ll join the conversation too. Send your letters to ©istock.com/blindspot Christopher Dilts/Sipa USA/Newscom Dilts/Sipa Christopher [email protected]. ◆

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 1

UCM_Ednotes_Summer20_v1.indd 1 8/13/20 4:07 PM Vol. 112 / No. 4 SUMMER 2020 mag.uchicago.edu

Twilight zone The Cobb Hall grotesques—the only members of the campus community exempt from social distancing guidelines—bask under a summer sky. On the cover: an ivy-adorned Mandel Hall. Cover and this page: Photography by Jason Smith.

Grab your popcorn Early cinemas attracted customers by depicting the moviegoing experience as a festival of entertainments. This circa 1910 French ad promised “illuminated moving pictures” of battleships, zeppelins, and more. It’s one of many treasures from the collection of Dwight M. Cleveland, MBA’87. For more, see “Poster Perfect,” page 44. On the cover: Doc Films attracted customers with these striking student-made posters. (Documentary Film Group, Records, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library. Photography by Nathan Keay.)

TOC_v2.indd 2 8/13/20 2:15 PM 1 Editor’s Notes 4 Letters 9 On the Agenda

Features

Trials by fire By Jason Kelly While the mysterious new disease spread, UChicago Medicine 24 researchers brought long-held expertise to a new common cause: helping COVID-19 patients.

Precedent setting By Jeanie Chung Joseph Sax, JD’59 (1936–2014), helped establish the courts as a front line 30 for environmental activism.

The new rites of spring By Laura Demanski, AM’94 32 Scenes from a convocation like no other.

Situational ethics By John Paul Rollert, AM’09, PhD’17 36 The business of capitalism during COVID-19.

Racism, policing, and protest By Susie Allen, AB’09, and Laura Demanski, AM’94 40 Five faculty members on a critical moment in US history.

11 51 UChicago Journal Peer Review Research and What alumni are news in brief thinking and doing

TOC_v3.indd 3 8/13/20 2:50 PM The University of Chicago Magazine welcomes letters about its contents or about the life of the University. Letters for publication must be signed and may be edited for space, clar- ity, and civility. To provide a range of views and voices, we encourage letter writers to limit LETTERS themselves to 300 words or fewer. While the Magazine staff works remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, please send letters via email: [email protected].

Words to read by We are still in touch with a few of our phia buries the lede (UChicago Journal, Great quote on the Spring/20 cover: “The U of C friends and try to visit the cam- “Skateboard Sociology”). Not until the question before us is how to become pus whenever we are back in Chicago second paragraph from the last does it one in spirit, not necessarily in opinion.” seeing friends and family. Hope all of raise Cianciotto’s key questions: “Who I looked for attribution but couldn’t you are doing well and staying healthy! do we include and exclude from the cat- find any. Could you advise of the ap- Anna Lam Pilloton, AB’75 egory of ‘the public’? What makes one propriate citation? The quote should NOVATO, CALIFORNIA type of use more valid than another?” be used much more often. LOVE Park sits immediately north- Robert Nord, JD’72 west of Philadelphia City Hall, across GLENCOE, ILLINOIS the street from Suburban Station, at the eastern edge of the Center City office The cover quote is from the inaugural district and at the foot of the Benjamin address of William Rainey Harper, first Franklin Parkway. From the mixture of president of the University of Chicago. food trucks, cafés, and outdoor restau- For information about each issue’s cov- rants the city authorities are proposing, er, see the left-hand page opposite the it is clear that the “public” they envis- table of contents.—Ed. age is the middle-class, predominantly White office workers who emerge from Suburban Station and the underground Bridge ’n’ bibs parking garage. For such people, a pub- More than ever, I appreciate your good lic space must be one in which they work in producing the Magazine and not only are safe but feel safe, and that providing such well-written articles means excluding the people who make that inform and challenge readers. As Back to school LOVE Park what Cianciotto called “a we shelter in place and work from home I really liked Sean Carr’s (AB’90) “Crash beacon of deviance.” here in the San Francisco Bay Area, the Course” in the Spring/20 Magazine. It The communal may be tolerated in Magazine is a special treat during our provided everything you want from a holes and corners, but it is compelled to “lunch breaks” in our backyard. class: an exciting reading list, a slice of give way to the public, which is defined It doesn’t seem that long ago that my discussion, thoughtful questions posed by the dominant economic forces. The husband, George Pilloton, MBA’76, and I by the professor ... without the home- skateboarders may ultimately remain met in business school and would “study” work. Beautiful! I don’t know if this is a in a portion of LOVE Park as tolerated in Regenstein (I was in the Professional recurring series that I’ve missed in the local color, but the homeless and the Options Program and concurrently en- past, but I hope it continues. dealers will probably be displaced by rolled in the College as an economics ma- John M. Saxton, AB’07, MAT’08 the glacial pressure of money. The lo- jor and a first-year in the B School). I so ATLANTA cation is just too valuable. fondly remember receiving the alumni James M. Hirschhorn, JD’74 magazine after our wedding in 1976 and The Course Work department has CHATHAM, NEW JERSEY marvel at how fast the years have passed been going strong since 1989 and has as we moved from the end of the Alumni little chance of going away—sitting in News section to where we find ourselves on classes is too much of a pleasure for A toast to access now, past the middle. readers, writers, and editors alike. Read For the benefit of the entire Univer- In my junior year, living in Wood- more installments at mag.uchicago.edu sity of Chicago community, I want to Illustration by Daniel Hertzberg ward Court, a bunch of us would /coursework.—Ed. emphasize an important part of Presi- play “marathon bridge” until the wee dent Robert J. Zimmer’s “Investing in hours, and we regularly splurged and Inquiry and Impact” message (On the ordered from Ribs ’n’ Bibs. Funny how Public values Agenda, Winter/20), which marks a our all-nighters weren’t for studying, Your Spring/20 article about Luke great achievement. but we surely had fun playing bridge Cianciotto’s (AM’18) research on the As Zimmer states: “Because of this and snacking on great BBQ! conflict over LOVE Park in Philadel- cascade of gifts [from the University of

4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

UCH_Letters_v3.indd 4 8/11/20 5:24 PM Chicago Campaign: Inquiry and Impact], ticles: President Zimmer’s recounting to VHS years ago, and a tiny fraction we are now able to meet domestic Col- of how the latest fundraising cam- were later put on a single DVD, but lege students’ full financial need with no paign brought in almost a billion dol- again the University might be able to debt expectations for them or their fami- lars more than expected; an analysis scale up the project since the city is lies.” Everyone associated with UChica- of the local origins of the 1959 short broke. These precious old resources go should fully understand the extremely film The Cry of Jazz (“Jazz as Cri de are in their way as interesting as Hit- positive impact of this statement. Coeur”); and, last but not least, a brief tite tablets, and a good deal closer. The University has always offered recollection of how the Staple Sing- Andrew S. Mine, AB’81 the best undergraduate education in ers “completely destroy[ed] the audi- CHICAGO the country, but for many years was ence” at the 1962 U of C Folk Festival only able to offer financial support that (UChicago Journal, “Folk History”). The University’s Special Collections was below the level of the education. To overschematize: money, music, and Research Center and the Chicago Pub- With this signal achievement from the media on the South Side. lic Library hold recordings of the Folk campaign, undergraduate financial aid The pieces in combination raise Festival from 1961 to 1995.—Ed. at the University of Chicago is now the questions about whether a few bucks best in the country. might be thrown at salvaging and dis- Several decades ago, Princeton Uni- seminating unique and priceless local A word for accomplished alumni versity led American colleges in pro- music history. How much reel-to-reel The Spring/20 issue was disappoint- viding fully funded aid with no loans tape of these old Folk Festivals is there, ing as it failed to speak of the triumphs for its undergrads, regardless of ability and has it been properly preserved? of recent college members, success- to pay. UChicago has now attained the Is there any movie footage? As the ful students from the postgraduate same high standard, and done so at the Staples reference hints, these con- schools, or their teachers. It should same time that it has significantly ex- certs were an unusual combination of be a magazine that would basically panded the size of the College, and at national legends and those from the attract people to the University of a fully comprehensive university—no South and West Sides (well before the Chicago. For future students it would mean feat. University’s recent efforts at repara- paint a picture of a liberal arts educa- The amount of shoe leather and el- tive outreach to its surrounding com- tion that did not go to waste in one’s bow grease expended by the Universi- munity). Digitizing and putting at least professional life, whatever the field. ty’s fundraising staff in achieving this some of this material online would be In the past few months, I was im- vast success can only be imagined. But of value to students in Hyde Park as pressed with the very useful lives of most of all, everyone in the UChicago well as music lovers worldwide, and three alumni from my era. The first community must thank the fabulous was a half-page obituary in the New donors to the campaign—not least the York Times for Joel Kupperman, hypergenerous but anonymous found- These precious AB’54, SB’55, AM’56, known for being er of the Odyssey Scholarships—who a Quiz Kid in the 1940s. [See Deaths, have made full funding for domestic old resources page 77.—Ed.] The paper did not men- College students a reality. are in their way tion that he graduated Phi Beta Kappa Generations of ambitious future Col- at UChicago and served as a sopho- lege students with need will have their as interesting as more and a senior, with me, on the lives changed for the better, will achieve Hittite tablets, and College Quiz Bowl. He spent his life in the very highest level of professional a philosophy department studying the success, and will have the greatest posi- a good deal closer. best in man, according to the Times. It tive impact upon society, because of this. was apparently a successful life aca- Henceforth, no student will ever perhaps would turn a profit once pub- demically and with his family. He was again be turned away from the Uni- lic relations is factored in. (I caught in my mind a mensch. versity because of need. the charming little exhibit of Folk Fest Philip Glass, AB’56, was noted, also A toast to everyone who made this memorabilia in Regenstein before it in the New York Times, to be premier- possible! shut down, but the archives beg for a ing a work, Music in Eight Parts, that Chuck Schilke, AB’81 (Class of 1979) more deluxe treatment.) had been lost for 50 years. [See Releases, WASHINGTON, DC For that matter, maybe a bit of lar- page 53.—Ed.] His lifelong career in Illustration by Daniel Hertzberg gesse could be diverted to another music was apparently formed through Schilke is former vice president of the South Side musical treasure trove, the his general college education and ex- University’s Alumni Board.—Ed. many episodes of Jubilee Showcase, the periences at UChicago. His repertoire marvelous live African American gos- has made him a leader in opera and pel music program produced by Hyde other forms of musical expression in Preserve music history Parker Sid Ordower and broadcast for America throughout his life. The Winter/20 issue of the Magazine years on Channel 7. The Chicago Pub- The last classmate was Joseph Ep- serendipitously juxtaposed three ar- lic Library converted these programs stein, AB’59, the leading essayist in

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 5

UCH_Letters_v3.indd 5 8/13/20 3:04 PM LETTERS 4. A bakery near or next to Jessel- The Eagle, located at 5311 South Blackstone son’s, with fabulous sugar cookies and Avenue, closed in September 1980. Gior- other delights. dano’s Pizza moved into the space a year 5. O’Gara’s bookstore, which was also later and remains open there today.—Ed. America today. I picked up the Spring on the north side of 53rd Street, before 2020 Academic Questions, the maga- he took over the space that was Wood- Those of the 1960s will remember Jane zine of the National Association of worth’s Bookstore on 57th (the latter Lee’s on 53rd Street, a few blocks from the Scholars, and recognized his name in was where I spent my first allowance photo in the Spring/20 issue; Saini 48 on the byline for an article, “Immaturity money; it even had a real post office in the corner of 53rd and Harper (great rye on Campus.” Epstein was the editor of the back). bread); and Chances R in Harper Court— the American Scholar for two decades Later O’Gara’s moved to the old beer, burgers, and peanuts in the shell. and an essayist for the Wall Street Christian Science reading room on Russell R. Wheeler, AM’68, PhD’70 Journal and the former Weekly Stan- the north side of 57th Street between SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND dard. Apparently he has not stopped Blackstone and Harper, which is now writing humorously about the Ameri- 57th Street Wines. The space east of Just thinking of Ribs ’n’ Bibs makes my can experience. there was the Little Village Nursery mouth water. A bucket of rib tips was The University’s courses in liberal School when I attended it. It became a favorite way to finish a Friday eve- arts no doubt contributed to these class- the Green Door Bookstore until a cof- ning, which typically began at the Law mates’ later successes in their fields. fee shop called Medici opened up in the School’s Wine Mess, then ended with Leonard Friedman, AB’56 back half and then took over the whole dinner provided by a fine Hyde Park MIDDLETON, MASSACHUSETTS space. The Medici ended up moving establishment such as Harold’s, the west to the south side of 57th Street. Cove, the Medici, or the incomparable And there was Lou’s Delicatessen Ribs ’n’ Bibs. on the south side of 57th between My wife, Joan Fagan, JD’80, and Kimbark and Kenwood. His last name I graduated from the Law School, was Friedman, and we sometimes got worked briefly in New York City, then his mail by mistake since we lived only moved back to my home state of Wis- half a block away. consin, where we have lived happily I also remember Steinway’s Drug- ever after. We visit Chicago regularly. store on the southwest corner of Ken- At the end of one weekend stay many wood and 57th. They had a fabulous years ago, we had a lovely brunch at selection of nickel candy bars and also the Hyde Park home of a U of C fac-

the fancy ones that cost a dime. ulty member just before heading back Chicago). at Illinois of (University 2000 Year the in Chicago of Archive Comer Pope. by Wes Photography And there was the Tropical Hut on to Milwaukee. As we drove east down the north side of 57th just east of Ray 53rd Street, we spotted RNB—or may- School. (Like the Red Door Bookstore be smelled it first. I slammed on the next door, the Hut was torn down for brakes, parked the car, ran in, and came Where 53rd meets Memory Lane the current park.) Their ribs were fa- out with a bucket of rib tips. I am responding to the photo on page 71 mous, but I loved their batter-fried Our initial thought had been to re- of the Spring/20 issue of the Magazine shrimp. The Tropical Hut relocated heat the tips for dinner that evening. (Alumni News, “Where Are the Shops to 92nd Street. The Red Door became But by the time we reached Lake Shore of Yesteryear?”). With regard to 53rd Staver’s and moved to the space occu- Drive, the aroma had destroyed our Street, there are five stores that I miss, pied by 57th Street Books. will power. So we parked and finished and they predate 2000 by 40–50 years: Victor A. Friedman, LAB’66, AM’71, nearly the entire bucket before restart- 1. Mirabelle Ice Cream Parlor on the PhD’75, Andrew W. Mellon ing our trip home. south side of the street between Black- Distinguished Service Professor I don’t think I have ever eaten so stone and Dorchester. A delightful place Emeritus in the Humanities much in such a short amount of time. with candy as well as ice cream. My CHICAGO But it was worth it. parents would take me there for a treat. David Cross, JD’80 2. Nachman’s Chocolates (they I was at the Graduate School of Busi- MILWAUKEE made them in the back of the store), ness (now Chicago Booth) from 1978 also on the south side of the street, to 1980. I remember fondly the Eagle, Ahh, Ribs ’n’ Bibs. just east on Kimbark. a local bar/grill with a picture of FDR When I was an officer of Doc Films 3. Jesselson’s Fish Market, on the above the bar. I don’t remember the we’d sometimes order Ribs ’n’ Bibs for north side of 53rd Street near Nach- exact location, but it was a great place the crew on busy showings Fridays and man’s (they still exist, but not in Hyde for a burger and beer. Saturdays. We tried to meet them out- Park, which is a real loss for those of us Charles Douglas Rockwell, MBA’80 side, but occasionally we’d hear a stage who do not drive). FRONT ROYAL, VIRGINIA whisper just loud enough for most of

6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

UCH_Letters_v3.indd 6 8/13/20 3:04 PM the audience to hear “Ribs ’n’ Bibs, Stocking Jr.; Robert McCormick It was a purely Ribs ’n’ Bibs.” Adams, PhB’47, AM’52, PhD’56; and random act Victor S. Sloan, AB’80 Ralph Nicholas, AM’58, PhD’62, among FLEMINGTON, NEW JERSEY them—Ray stood out for his commit- of disinterested ment to his undergraduate students. While much is made of the anthropol- kindness. A teacher to remember ogy PhDs, more can be said about the I was sad to learn of Professor Raymond undergrad majors who went on to pro- Ray Fogelson changed my life. He asked Fogelson’s passing in January (Deaths, ductive scholarly careers in anthropol- me what I would do after finishing my Spring/20). In my time as an anthro- ogy, folklore, and linguistics. Few went AM. I said I’d ponder that question while pology major in the College, 1968–72, on at Chicago, interestingly. That, in riding a Chicago garbage truck. He ar- I was well aware of the Department fact, was Ray’s advice to me. ranged for me to attend the University of of Anthropology’s standing as pre- I spent a year as his research as- Texas the following week, and I started eminent in the discipline (graduates of sistant, having ginned up some work- out for Austin in a $200 Opel. The high- the University of Michigan, Columbia study money and convinced the way rest stops filled with prostitutes University, and the University of Cali- department chair I could best use it after midnight, so I slept in graveyards fornia, Berkeley, would likely demur), with Ray. Ray went along with the con. all the way down. Once there, things its PhD graduates among the elite. But I learned so much writing a paper with didn’t work out as planned because UT’s one of the great virtues of Chicago was him that stayed on my CV through regulations had changed. I ate canned the way senior scholars taught under- my promotion to full professor—as beans in cheap motels while working a graduate classes, in my experience, “In Press,” for it never actually saw day-labor job. I dug an irrigation ditch in with genuine enjoyment. Added to this the light of day. In effect Ray used the 100-degree heat on my first day—along- was the ability of the more precocious writing, the research, and the model- side some guy constantly repeating, undergraduates to enroll, with permis- ing of colleagueship as a teaching “mo- “I feel like I’m going to kill somebody sion, in graduate classes. ment” that lasted a year. Shoot low, Ray, someday. I just have that feeling.” But Of the many remarkable profes- they’re riding Shetlands. Dr. Fogelson gave me the moral support sors I had—Victor Turner; Paul Kevin Avruch, AB’72 I needed to endure distraction and fin- Friedrich; Barney Cohn; George FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA ish my doctorate. It was a purely random Photography by Wes Pope. Comer Archive of Chicago in the Year 2000 (University of Illinois at Chicago). at Illinois of (University 2000 Year the in Chicago of Archive Comer Pope. by Wes Photography

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 7

UCH_Letters_v3.indd 7 8/13/20 3:05 PM LETTERS I know this because I was Don Bin- a tumultuous period for the country gle’s (AB’76, JD’79) successor as the and for UChicago, with Martin Luther “leader” of the kazoo marching band. King Jr.’s murder and subsequent riots, During the 1976 and 1977 football sea- a mass meeting of South Side gangs act of disinterested kindness. His moral sons, it was my job to move the kazoo on the Midway, the 1968 Democratic example influenced me far more than from the field house to the football National Convention riots, and a Uni- any credential possibly could. And that field. By then it was on wheels, so it was versity sit-in. The cheer and the kazoo is what profoundly changed my life. a one-person job. I handed out kazoos marching band offered some humor- Theodore M. Brown, AM’78 to anyone who wanted to join the band, ous relief from the tensions that com- LAKE FOREST PARK, WASHINGTON helped lead cheers, and “organized” the plicated life then. I was pleased to read halftime show. Some of the cheerleader that these traditions were sustained for uniforms mentioned by Barbara Yerges a long time at UChicago. By the way, The drum beats on Wilson, AB’63, survived into the mid- the Lascivious Costume Ball, begun in Hugh Brodkey, AB’51, JD’54, speculates 1970s and were worn to some of the these times, and a probably short-lived that he might have been the last person games. By then we had two halftime Committee for Creative Non-Violence, to play Big Bertha, the world’s largest formations. After several songs accom- were other efforts to have some fun and drum, at the University of Chicago panied by Brownian motion, we ended spoof “the establishment.” Have these (Letters, Spring/20). Not so. In 1993 by lining everyone up into a giant UC become traditions as well? Big Bertha was borrowed back from its and playing the alma mater. Edward H. Comer, AB’71 new home at the University of Texas Upon graduation I passed the duties WASHINGTON, DC (“Hook ’em Horns”) and set up on the on to yet another Thompson House main quadrangle. I served as president resident. At some point in the early- We find no record of a Committee for of the Alumni Board that year, and Mrs. to mid-’80s, the athletics department Creative Non-Violence. The Lascivious Gray (University president Hanna Hol- decided that the giant kazoo was not Costume Ball was banned in 1984 but re- born Gray) and I took turns beating the dignified enough for the rising football turned to campus in 2008 and has been drum, which had an incomparable bass powerhouse. I do not know the ulti- held intermittently since then.—Ed. tone, like summer thunder. mate fate of that mighty kazoo but fear I was also honorary coach for the Ma- it went ignobly to some scrap heap. Articles in the last issues of the Maga- roons football team, and in the locker Sam Scheiner, AB’78, SM’80, PhD’83 zine and the Core about Maroons foot- room at halftime Coach [Greg] Quick in- ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA ball had a shocking omission. Both failed formed me that I was expected to give a to mention the epic account of the birth, pep talk. While I was desperately trying Thanks to the coronavirus stay-at- death, and resurrection of UChicago to channel Pat O’Brien in Knute Rockne, home effort, I have had the time to pay football in Monsters of the Midway 1969: All American, my salvation entered in more than usual attention to the Core. Sex, Drugs, Rock ’n’ Roll, Viet Nam, Civil the person of Jay Berwanger, AB’36, first There was an article on the UChi- Rights, and Football (Jeff Rasley, inde- Heisman Trophy winner. I told the team cago cheer beginning, “Themistocles, pendently published, 2017). Quirky facts that I was sure they would rather listen Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War” about the Maroons are revealed: e.g., to Jay than to me and was off the hook. (“Tales of Good Cheer,” Winter/20). how Jay Berwanger, AB’36, left his mark John D. Lyon, AB’55 There was nothing “alleged” about on the cheek of future president Gerald LOS ANGELES the cheer; it was used at various foot- Ford; Muhammad Ali’s connection ball games and was popular among with two Maroons; why Mitt Romney many students, including those who is a Maroons fan; and the offer of People Kazoo you probably never had much other inter- magazine to fly the 1974 team to LA to Being a U of C grad, I cannot let any mi- est in sporting events. The use of this play Caltech in what would be called the nor misstatement of fact go uncorrect- cheer and the initiation of the kazoo Toilet Bowl or Brain Bowl (TBD). ed. In Letters, Paul Birnberg, AB’72, marching band ties in to other events The book even has a romantic sub- wrote that the giant kazoo was wood- in the 1968–70 period. plot based on the courtship of a feminist en. It was aluminum. If it had been I also remember that the kazoo by a jock (which has lasted 46 years— wooden, there is no way that it could marching band was initiated during the marriage, not the courtship). have been carried to the football field; 1969–70, largely as a spoof of the more Although historically accurate in it would have been much too heavy. elaborate marching bands of the Big 10 many respects, the tale is presented and other universities. Chicago’s foot- as historical fiction to protect the in- ball club played on a field, not in a stadi- nocent, as well as the guilty, now-aged Being a U of C grad, I um. We might have had a few bleachers, alumni from the Walter Hass era, cannot let any minor but we had no real viewing facilities. when football arose from the Hutchins misstatement of fact The playing field was bare bones, as was ashes like a Phoenix. the kazoo marching band. Jeff Rasley, AB’75 go uncorrected. In addition, the years 1968–70 were INDIANAPOLIS

8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

UCH_Letters_v3.indd 8 8/13/20 3:05 PM ON THE AGENDA

A PROVOST’S PATH

BY KA YEE C. LEE PROVOST AND DAVID LEE SHILLINGLAW DISTINGUISHED SERVICE PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, THE JAMES FRANCK INSTITUTE, THE INSTITUTE FOR BIOPHYSICAL DYNAMICS, AND THE COLLEGE

y first six months result of deficient or abnormal lipid- as provost have protein interactions, such as respirato- been anything ry distress syndrome and Parkinson’s but typical. Dur- disease. This work means that we are ing that time, a constantly pushing the boundary of global pandemic our current understanding, which in required the Uni- tors who provided me with important turn propels us to devise new method- versity of Chicago research experiences and helped me ologies and innovative ways to probe community to discover my passion for teaching. the scientific questions at hand. quickly move our I joined the University of Chicago On the administrative side, I served entire academic as a chemistry professor more than as vice provost for research and led the and research enterprise to operate in a two decades ago, and the faculty role University’s activities and partnerships Mremote fashion, and our city and coun- continues to be central to my identity. in Hong Kong for several years, includ- try have been enveloped in protests as One of the things I value most as a pro- ing the opening of The Hong Kong we debate what it means to be a more fessor is engaging bold and innovative Jockey Club University of Chicago just society. thinkers, helping them gain a deeper Academic Complex | The University of Nothing could have prepared me for understanding of complex subjects Chicago Francis and Rose Yuen Cam- this unprecedented time, but my expe- and consider their application in to- pus in Hong Kong. The second role was riences as a longtime member of the day’s world. At our university, where a homecoming for me, and both oppor- University community have shaped education is grounded in rigorous in- tunities allowed me to gain insight into my understanding of this moment. quiry and free debate, the classroom different aspects of the University that Growing up in Hong Kong, I was experience isn’t intended to teach stu- would prove critical as provost. drawn to the American education sys- dents what to think, but rather how to As the chief academic officer and tem since my first visit in 1976, which ask questions and have their own ideas leader of the annual budget process, I eventually led me to the United States challenged to deepen their knowledge. have witnessed firsthand the immense for my academic pursuits. I received my That spirit of questioning is just as partnerships and fortitude it has taken bachelor of science degree in electrical present in the laboratory, my second across campus to adapt courses and engineering from Brown University home at the University. My lab carries adjust resources due to COVID-19. and my master of science and PhD de- out fundamental studies on the inter- While we have had to change the grees in applied physics from Harvard actions between lipids and proteins, way we work and interact, this time of University. I did my postdoctoral work seeking to bring a greater understand- uncertainty has revealed even more of at Stanford University and the Uni- ing of how these interactions are re- who we are—a resilient and supportive versity of California, Santa Barbara. sponsible for normal physiological intellectual community that can rise to

Photography by Jean Lachat Jean by Photography Throughout my training, I had men- functions, and of diseases that are the any challenge. ◆

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UCM_OntheAgenda_Summer20_v2.indd 9 8/11/20 5:10 PM Image courtesy Rachel Thayer Rachel courtesy Image

Credit 8/12/20 4:51 PM8/12/20 4:51 PM SUMMER 2020 SUMMER | THEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 10 10 UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 10UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 10 11 8/12/20 4:54 PM8/12/20 4:54 PM SUMMER 2020 SUMMER | simple 23 French cooking made THEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE Book Book 20 keepers Teen 18 hunters meteorite RESEARCH AND NEWS IN BRIEF

14 lessons Language

UNDERMICROSCOPEA in ultra here shown insect, What of Marinethe subject is close-up, on research Biological Laboratory is of coloration—and the genetics Mariah Carey of a the namesake Find out on page 21. album?

UCHICAGO JOURNAL UCHICAGO Image courtesy Rachel Thayer Rachel courtesy Image UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 11UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 11

Credit COVID-19 resumption of on-campus work and health experts and the University of teaching with new health and safe- Chicago Medicine, and is informed by ty measures in place to prevent the guidance from the federal, state, and Steps forward spread of the virus. city governments. The University is The working groups are taking also drawing on insights gained from As Autumn Quarter into account a range of scenarios for the transition to remote learning and approaches during the Autumn Quarter, with flexibility to the housing of a limited number of COVID-19 pandemic, the adjust as needed based on external students on campus during Spring conditions and trends in the pandemic. Quarter. This summer a small number University is making flexible At press time, the University planned of research faculty and staff have also plans for multiple scenarios. to hold Autumn Quarter classes both returned to campus, and UChicago remotely and in person on an adjusted Medicine has been open throughout Since March, when the COVID-19 schedule and to provide undergradu- the pandemic. pandemic caused the University to ate housing in University residence The University is asking members transition to remote learning for halls with reduced occupancy. of the campus community to uphold a Spring Quarter, several working The groups’ planning is being done new commitment, called the UChica- groups have been planning for the in close collaboration with public go Health Pact, to prevent the spread Photography by John ZIch by John Photography

12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

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INEQUALITY The deepening divide Low-income women have suffe ed the most in the pandemic- induced recession, find Chicago Booth’s Marianne Bertrand. She and collaborators at the Poverty Lab and the Rustandy Center for Social Sector Innovation drew that sobering conclusion from an early April survey of demographically representative US households. Among workers making less than $15K a year, 58 percent of women and 54 percent of men lost income during the fi st month of the pandemic; among workers making $15K–$30K, 57 percent of women The UChicago Health Pact, released in August, unites the campus community against and 45 percent of the spread of COVID-19. men lost income. For all workers making $45K–$75K, fewer than 30 percent of COVID-19 and to reinforce a shared on campus than we have had in the reported lost income culture of public health when return- past,” President Robert J. Zimmer and during that time. With ing to campus. Provost Ka Yee C. Lee wrote in a June the economic hardship In addition to the UChicago Health 30 message outlining the plans un- comes a psychological Pact, everyone returning to campus derway for Autumn Quarter. “But it is toll: more than half of must complete a short training pro- only through these steps and a shared low-income workers Photography by John ZIch by John Photography gram in advance and sign an elec- commitment to maintaining public said they feared job tronic form affirming that they will health that our return to campus this loss, while less than comply with safety precautions. autumn is possible.” 20 percent of higher- “The health and safety require- For the most up-to-date details on income Americans ments that we are adopting to mini- Autumn Quarter plans and the Uni- reported that mize the spread of COVID-19 will versity’s response to the pandemic, worry.—S. A. ◆ necessitate a very different experience visit goforward.uchicago.edu. ◆

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 13

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 13 8/12/20 10:11 AM LANGUAGE Talk is deep

Psychology professor Katherine Kinzler examines how we react to each other’s speech.

BY JILLIAN KRAMER

While taking a language class in Za- greb, Croatia, in the summer of 2003, Katherine Kinzler noticed something surprising. Although Croatians, Ser- bians, and Bosnians speak closely related and mutually intelligible lan- guages, her teachers emphasized lin- guistic differences, not similarities, often pointing out which turns of phrase were characteristically Serbian or Croatian. “As cultures diversify—or social groups are in conflict—their lan- guages follow suit,” Kinzler says. The experience would have lasting effects on Kinzler, a psychology pro- fessor and director of the Develop- ment of Social Cognition Laboratory, shaping the direction of her research and making its mark on her first book, How You Say It: Why You Talk the Way You Do—and What It Says About You (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020), which came out in July. When Kinzler returned from Croa- tia to start graduate school, she began to explore how language unites and Katherine Kinzler’s language research focuses on babies and young children. divides social groups. She has spent much of the past 17 years attempting to answer that question. Language, Kinzler has found, can be of racism.” In general, when we hear posed to another language. (Because a proxy for existing divisions, solidify- someone speak differently from us, we her research focuses on babies and ing group boundaries in ways speakers tend to other them—even if we don’t children, she’s not sure if this effect don’t always recognize. People with a have any particular stereotypes to as- persists into adulthood.)

prejudice against African American sign to them. In one study, Kinzler and her coau- University Cornell courtesy Photo in Harcourt in

English, for example, may not think Multilingualism may counter some thors—Zoe Liberman, AM’13, PhD’16; iffl they’re racist. “It can be a really in- of these divisive impulses. Kinzler’s Amanda Woodward, the William S. sidious form of racism because people research has shown that children who Gray Distinguished Service Professor think they’re just saying, ‘Oh, I just are exposed to linguistic diversity at of Psychology and dean of the Social don’t like the way someone talks— an early age, or raised in a multilingual Sciences Division; and Boaz Keysar, that’s not racist,’” Kinzler says. “But environment, are better at listening to the William Benton Professor of Psy- your reactions to somebody’s speech and understanding the perspectives of chology—examined how multilingual

are embedded in a structural notion others than children who are not ex- exposure influenced communication M Houghton courtesy Image

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English or French. Then participants were asked which of two adults the ECONOMIC AID photographed child would grow up to be—one who shared that child’s race or one who shared that child’s language. Staying In other words, participant children had to decide which category was more meaningful: race or language. afloat Kinzler and Dautel found that older Small businesses White children, ages 9 and 10, reliably have been especially chose the racial match. But the pat- hard-hit by COVID-19. tern didn’t hold among younger White So Congress threw children, ages 5 and 6: they chose the them a lifeline: the language match, suggesting a “surpris- Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), ing intuition about the stability of an which provides loans individual’s language as compared to to small enterprises [their] race,” the study said. Younger with the goal of Black children, by contrast, chose preventing layoffs the racial match—presumably, the re- and bankruptcies. searchers write, because they already However, a July have “different experiences with race working paper from The question of how language unites as a meaningful social category” as researchers including and divides social groups is a focus of compared to White children. João Granja, PhD’13; Kinzler’s scholarship and new book. In the course of her research, Constantine Yannelis; and Eric Zwick of Kinzler has noticed that White parents Chicago Booth found can become very uncomfortable when that the program their children exhibit preferences for hasn’t reached the skills in 14-to-17-month-old infants. Of White faces. (Of course, she notes, the fi ms that most need the 64 infant participants, half came children don’t necessarily know what it. Their analysis of from monolingual English-speaking they’re doing.) But when she conducts the fi st round of households, while the other half were studies where children prefer people funding, doled out regularly exposed to English and at who speak without a foreign accent, between April 2 and least one other language. nobody balks. May 2, revealed that Parents held their infants and were How You Say It includes observa- just 15 percent of seated across the table from an Eng- tions from legal scholar Mari Matsu- businesses in the most virus-stricken regions lish-speaking researcher. Between da about the long-term consequences of the United States them were two objects; the infant of foreign accent bias, which she de- received PPP loans, could see both, but the researcher, scribes as “commonplace, natural, as compared to 30 blocked by an opaque barrier, could and socially acceptable. … People who percent in the least only see one. The researcher then know of my strong commitment to affected areas. And asked the infant to hand them the mu- civil rights felt no hesitation in telling most recipients used tually visible object—meaning that the me things like ‘I couldn’t have some- PPP funds to build infants had to consider the research- one who sounds like that represent up liquidity and meet er’s perspective in order to understand our law school’ or ‘People who talk like loan obligations—not the meaning of the request. The study that sound so dumb.’” It doesn’t occur for payroll. While strengthening balance found that infants with multilingual to many Americans that accent bias is sheets wasn’t the Photo courtesy Cornell University Cornell courtesy Photo exposure reliably chose the object the a pernicious form of prejudice.

in Harcourt in program’s intent,

iffl researcher had requested. Kinzler thinks everyone, and par- the researchers In another paper, Kinzler and her ents in particular, can benefit from say it could have coauthor, Jocelyn B. Dautel, AM’07, exposure to multiple languages and longer-term benefits, PhD’13, studied how children perceive accents. “It’s easy to retreat into mono- because less cash- race and language. They designed an lingual English-speaking society,” she strapped companies experiment where participant chil- says. “And yet we have so much lin- are more likely to dren saw a photo of either a White or guistic diversity, and that’s a benefit to survive.—S. A. ◆

Image courtesy Houghton M Houghton courtesy Image Black child, paired with a voice clip in us and it’s a benefit to our children.” ◆

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 15

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 15 8/12/20 10:12 AM CHILD WELFARE court, and the particular subject matter been marginalized, “overshadowed by of children’s justice and welfare. a focus of being tough on crime,” says The new partnership between SSA Gorman-Smith. Youth at risk, and the 30-year-old University was an The notorious concern in the 1990s unusual one for the time. It required the about young “superpredators”—a term revisited vision of pioneering scholars—scholars applied most often to Black teens—en- who, in another rare circumstance of the trenched the idea that childhood and The first School of Social era, were women. Even before they had adolescence were no defense. Many Service Administration the right to vote, they were helping to states, including Illinois, allow juveniles establish an enduring field of study: So- to be charged as adults when accused dissertation presaged a phonisba Breckinridge, PhM 1897, PhD of serious crimes such as murder and century of scholarship 1901, JD 1905; Grace Abbott, PhM 1909; sexual assault. on social work. and her sister, Edith Abbott, PhD 1905, Rather than devise a legal support who would become the SSA’s first dean. system along the lines Jeter advocated BY JASON KELLY That work, said current SSA dean and for, focused on discipline and rehabili- Emily Klein Gidwitz Professor Deborah tation for young offenders, “we started Certain passages in Helen Rankin Gorman-Smith in her 2019 Aims of Edu- again to charge young people as adults, Jeter’s 1922 dissertation on the Chicago cation address, included “redefining the and to put them in adult facilities,” Juvenile Court have contemporary reso- social work curriculum, emphasizing says Durrell Washington, a doctoral stu- nance. Jeter, AM 1920, PhD 1924, identi- that the field needed to focus on public dent at SSA. He studies “the ways that fies the problems that precede children responsibility rather than private dona- poverty and societal structures, most into legal trouble: those “of immigrant tions; and that social work training had notably racism, shape ‘juvenile delin- adjustment, of poverty, of the broken, to be rigorous and systematic.” quents.’” Youth of color are dispropor- the degraded, and the crowded home, It was a field, in other words, worthy tionately represented in all aspects of of school and neighborhood neglect, of graduate-level study and best situat- the juvenile justice system, adds Wash- and only secondarily and to a very slight ed in a university environment to com- ington, whose research aims to better extent, of the unmanageable child in bine theory and practice, and to spark understand neighborhoods as a means the midst of favorable circumstances.” interdisciplinary insights. In the cen- of illuminating violence and recidivism The Chicago Juvenile Court, es- tury since the merger, SSA’s scholars among young people. tablished in 1899, was the first court have worked within the broad vision of Once a tough-on-crime mindset took of its kind in the country, and Jeter’s Breckinridge and the Abbotts on pov- hold, Washington says, social workers’ study earned her the first doctorate erty, violence prevention, employment, role diminished—today they account for degree granted by the School of Social immigration, health disparities, family less than 20 percent of jobs in the juve- Service Administration after its 1920 welfare, and more. nile justice system. “We need to reclaim merger with the University of Chicago. The juvenile justice and child welfare our stake in this system,” Washington The school had operated since 1908, issues Jeter confronted in her disserta- contends. He sees signs the pendulum including a previous affiliation with tion, too, still command the attention may be swinging back, giving Jeter’s the University. of SSA students and faculty, including early research renewed relevance as a The court, Jeter found, too often Gorman-Smith, who directs the Chi- historical reference point. overlooked such broad social causes cago Center for Youth Violence Preven- A “return to this view of children as of delinquency. Nearly a century later, tion. Naturally scholars’ approaches children, and adolescents, frankly, as Jeter’s successors at the School of So- have evolved with particular challenges children” has gained currency, agrees cial Service Administration echo her of the times. Jeter was alert to dispari- Mark Courtney, the Samuel Deutsch concerns about the fate of children in ties that affected immigrant families Professor and editor of the flagship the juvenile justice system, highlight- and children who had recently arrived SSA journal Social Service Review. Even ing the roles that poverty and insti- in the United States; today’s scholars young adults, some believe, lack “the tutional racism play in determining emphasize the role of systemic racism neuro development to regulate their whose children end up before the court. in the issues they study, including in the emotions in stressful conditions.” The While unmistakably a document juvenile justice system. concept of “emerging adulthood,” root- of its own era, Jeter’s history-making The very notion inherent in the Chi- ed in research on brain development, dissertation presages much that would cago Juvenile Court’s creation—that has prompted support for extending characterize the intervening century of children and adolescents belong in a protections for juveniles in the justice graduate-level work at SSA: attention distinct criminal category—has wa- system well into their 20s. to societal forces on individual lives, vered for decades. As a result, social Jurisdictional differences around

scrutiny of institutions like the juvenile work on juvenile justice issues often has the country suggest little consensus on Library Chicago apf1-00003,of University Archive, Photographic UChicago

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EMPLOYMENT A topsy- turvy job market When US states start inching toward normalcy, will the job market rebound? Not uniformly, cau- tions Chicago Booth economist Steven J. Davis. In a June Beck- er Friedman Institute working paper, Davis and his coauthors predict that 32–42 percent of pandemic- related layoffs could become permanent job losses. They used the Survey of Busi- ness Uncertainty—a measure developed by the Federal Re- serve Bank of Atlanta, Chicago Booth, and Stanford University— Juvenile justice was of particular interest to Edith Abbott, PhD 1905, the School of to create a model Social Service Administration’s first dean, and remains a focus of SSA’s work today. of the future job market. The losses will be only partially offset: the research- these issues, Washington says. There people that looks more like what the ers estimate that for are efforts in some places to keep chil- original juvenile court looked like than every 10 layoffs in hard-hit sectors, such dren out of institutions, for example, what we have today.” as hospitality, there while others continue to imprison In this are echoes of Jeter and her are three new hires young people. The prevailing philoso- dissertation-launching doctoral-level in suddenly booming phy, as Courtney sees it, should be to study at SSA: attention to the root industries, such as treat young people in trouble—often causes of delinquency and hopes for the grocery stores and poor, estranged from their families, preventive power of social work. Jeter’s delivery-based ser- shuffled between foster homes and in- subsequent career, which spanned vices. With so many stitutions—as “our children,” for whom scholarship and public service with the shocks to the system, society has assumed collective respon- US government, the United Nations, they write, the eco- sibility. He sees glimmers of movement and the Russell Sage Foundation, dem- nomic effects of the in that direction. Developmental re- onstrates the kind of social work she pandemic are likely to search has shifted the debate enough believed in: evidence-based, analytical, outlast the COVID-19 to create excitement about a “return aimed at strengthening our social insti- crisis.—S. A. ◆

UChicago Photographic Archive, apf1-00003, University of Chicago Library Chicago apf1-00003,of University Archive, Photographic UChicago to a process of engagement with young tutions for the welfare of all. ◆

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 17

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 17 8/12/20 10:13 AM Aquarius Project students and their meteorite-hunting robot aboard the research vessel Neeskay.

ASTRONOMY A teen-driven meteorite recovery, all remain there. Only one has been they decided, might be possible. But recovered using ROVs (remotely oper- they’d need help. They dubbed the ef- ated vehicles): the Nautilus expedition Splashdown fort the Aquarius Project and enlisted sought fragments of a meteorite that a NASA planetary scientist, a Shedd crashed off the coast of Washington Chicago teens search the Aquarium biologist, and the Field Mu- State in March 2018. Nautilus, which bottom of Lake Michigan seum’s meteoritics curator—UChi- retrieved a single two-millimeter- for a meteorite. cago cosmochemist Philipp Heck. One wide meteorite fragment, was run by of Heck’s graduate students, Jennika scientists from NASA, NOAA, and sev- Greer, was instrumental in teaching eral universities and institutes. That BY MAUREEN SEARCY the teens about meteorites: what they was almost a year after the Aquarius look like, how to find them, and why meteorite fell into Lake Michigan, so On February 6, 2017, a minivan-sized they matter to astronomers. when the Far Horizons summer in- meteorite sonic-boomed through the Meteorites are invaluable for scientific terns embarked on their mission, they atmosphere at dawn, crashing into research, because they contain the oldest had no experience and no example to Lake Michigan, about 10 miles off the materials of our solar system—providing follow. But what they lacked in exper-

coast of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. That’s a record of the conditions and chemical tise, they made up for in numbers. Photo courtesy Adler Planetarium where members of the Adler Planetar- compositions of the system’s infancy. A To figure out how to retrieve me- ium’s Aquarius Project would begin recovered meteorite can also be used to teorite pieces 260 feet under water, their meteorite hunt. piece together the current composition the Far Horizons students teamed up The Aquarius Project got its start af- of its birthplace—usually the asteroid with the Field’s Youth Council and the ter an Adler astronomer saw the meteor- belt for Earth-bound meteorites, but oc- Shedd’s underwater robotics program ite fall. In the morning he sent an email casionally the moon or Mars. to design and build an underwater to colleagues involved in the Adler’s stu- The majority of these coveted space sled to dredge the lake bed. Over three dent outreach program, Far Horizons. rocks plunge into water, and almost summers, more than 600 Chicago

18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 18 8/12/20 10:13 AM W. R. HARPER’S INDEX Public School students invented and Sometimes Greer inspects the inte- adapted such a sled, eventually dubbed rior by cracking the rock in half. If it’s Starfall, and the retrieval arm for their white, that’s likely crushed quartz, not Trident ROV, provided by a National what they expect to find in their mete- VIRTUAL Geographic initiative. orite. If the rock is too hard to break— SCAV Starfall’s meteorite-retrieving power “like, denting the chisel”—then it’s comes from wheels bearing rare-earth probably more slag. Items on the 2020 University magnets. It also has collection bays for If Greer finds a promising candi- of Chicago Scavenger Hunt list the magnet harvest, a ballast for orien- date, Field Museum researchers will tation, and drop and GoPro cameras. use spectroscopy for chemical analy- Flexible cage-like contraptions taken sis. If that reveals minerals common 132 from a gardening tool called a Nut to meteorites, they’ll examine the Wizard gather less-magnetic pieces rock with a scanning election micro- Trips out of the house required like fallen acorns off a lawn. The sled scope to determine elemental compo- to complete this year’s items is almost completely built from repur- sition. “The last stage will be to take posed parts, including material sal- it to the SIMS—secondary ionization vaged from retired Adler exhibits and mass spectrometer,” says Greer, “to 0 the Shedd’s kitchen renovation. The do isotopic work.” So far Greer has ROV retrieval arm was made using a ruled out all the candidates she’s Points received by the 3D printer and is also outfi ted with a seen. “That’s my role,” she says, “to winning team, Breckinridge powerful magnet. kill dreams.” Greer wasn’t involved with the engi- The Aquarius Project may never neering—that was student-driven—but find a meteorite—and with the Field 1,049.21 she taught the team that most mete- Museum closed this spring, analysis is orites contain some amount of iron- on hold—but the program has already Points received for item 32, a nickel metal and would therefore be paid for itself, so to speak. The fire- Rube Goldberg machine that attracted by magnets. She also helped ball fell in an unexplored area of Lake disinfects doorknobs them create artificial meteorites made Michigan, and when the team visited of cement and metal ball bearings to the crash site, they mapped the lake test their sled in the lake. bed with sonar and magnetometers, 33 In July 2018 and 2019, the Aquarius which measure magnetic fields. They teens hitched a ride out to the crash correctly predicted the lake bed was Animal Crossing: New site on the University of Wisconsin– clay, but they discovered it was cov- Horizons–inspired looks Milwaukee’s research vessel Neeskay. ered by several inches of soft, dark sed- designed for item 106’s It wasn’t all smooth sailing; their first iment that billowed up when disturbed runway show trip out, the magnetic sled got stuck by the sled. The bed was also carpeted to the ship’s metal floor. After each with invasive quagga mussels. These haul, the team collected everything revelations provided new data for the 10 attached to and contained in the sled Shedd’s biologist and informed future and ROV, even the finest grains, and adjustments to the equipment. Sonic the Hedgehog–themed brought it back to the lab. The Aquarius Project had a long dental hygiene public service Greer is especially involved in the lead-up; the teens had to first find the announcements created for sorting and analyzing stage and is still strewn field, learn about meteorites, item 127 working through the collection from build the equipment, and test it out. Summer 2019. “The majority of what More than a year passed between the we get is these iron slag droplets,” she crash and the first collection, during 5

Photo courtesy Adler Planetarium says, easily spotted and discarded be- which time the fragments might have cause they’re spherical and rusty. If a been moved by currents or buried Points for participating in rock has a black glassy layer, that could by sediment. The odds were already Folding@Home, a distributed be a fusion crust, formed when mete- against the team. But now the tech- computing project for disease orites blaze through the atmosphere. nique has been developed and the research, which may aid in the “Based on the radar, we think that equipment outfitted. When another search for a COVID-19 cure [the Aquarius meteorite] is an ordinary fireball falls close to home, the next chondrite”—a meteorite with “round crew of Aquarius Project meteorite blobs” inside that were once molten. hunters will be ready. ◆ 0

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 19

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 19 8/12/20 10:13 AM LITERACY A read of their own My Very Own Library gets kids excited about books.

BY JEANIE CHUNG

Although Bret Harte Math and Science Magnet Cluster School is located just a few blocks away from 57th Street Books, principal Charlie Bright says most of his families aren’t able to shop there. New books are a luxury for Students get ready to meet author Troy Cummings as part of My Very Own Library. many children at Bret Harte, whose student body is 77 percent low income. But since Bret Harte joined the My Very Own Library program in 2018–19, in Kansas City, Missouri; Milwaukee; Students will receive additional books there’s been a little more buzz around Newark, New Jersey; and San Francisco. in the fall to make up for the canceled reading. The school’s 274 students, Thanks to a partnership with the book fairs, but the question of author vis- ranging from preschool through publishing company Scholastic, chil- its was trickier. As a virtual alternative, eighth grade, receive free books, au- dren at participating schools receive My Very Own Library uploaded its first thor visits, and family programming 10 new books a year: usually nine they batch of videos to YouTube in July: SSA each year. can choose themselves and a summer assistant professor Eve L. Ewing, AB’08, “We actually see more students read selected by their teachers. Some reading from her poetry book Electric reading books in the hallways, when of the students had never owned a new Arches (Haymarket Books, 2017), au- they don’t have to read,” Bright says. book before. thor/illustrator Tony Piedra reading “And that’s what we want to build.” “There’s something special about his picture book The Greatest Adven- In September 2019 UChicago as- getting a brand-new book that you’re ture (Arthur A. Levine Books, 2018), sumed leadership of My Very Own Li- the first one to read,” says Bright. and Natasha Tarpley reading from her brary, which also works with nonprofit My Very Own Library gets the whole middle-grade novel The Harlem Charade organizations in five other states and family involved through literacy nights. (Scholastic Press, 2017). The authors go the Dominican Republic. School of So- With funding for meals and program- beyond the pages to address viewers cial Service Administration research- ming—including reading-related games about reading and writing. ers are studying the program’s impact and suggestions for at-home family ac- First intended as a stopgap measure, on students’ education outcomes and tivities—Bret Harte saw the number of these virtual readings may become a suggesting ways to bolster it. parents attending the events increase regular feature. Even in-person visits, My Very Own Library came to the from 20 to 80. once they resume, will be recorded and University’s attention when the UChi- Bret Harte students have also gotten uploaded to YouTube. With author and cago Charter School joined in 2015. face time with Troy Cummings, author teacher collaboration, Davis—a gradu- Administrators were so happy with of the Notebook of Doom series, and ate of Chicago’s Whitney Young Magnet the literacy advocacy effort that they Christina Soontornvat, who wrote the High School and a former English teach- worked to promote it to other Chicago Diary of an Ice Princess series. Both er there—hopes to develop curriculum Photography by Jean Lachat Public Schools, before taking leader- came to read, sign books, take photos, guides for the author readings as well. ship of national operations. Through and talk to students about writing. In that way, he says, My Very Own the efforts of Duane Davis, UChicago’s COVID-19 required the program to Library will extend its mission of pro- executive director of K–12 education pivot quickly. Davis had a full schedule moting reading even further, making initiatives, 17 South Side public schools of author visits, celebrity readers, and the videos and related materials “ac- now participate in the program. My book fairs planned for March and April, cessible to any school, any parent who

Very Own Library is also up and running all of which had to be scrapped. wants them.” ◆ Thayer Rachel courtesy Image

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UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 20 8/13/20 2:56 PM BUTTERFLY EFFECT

FLYING COLORS

ature paints with pigments—molecules that produce color by absorbing certain wavelengths and reflecting others. But some colors, especially vibrant greens and blues, are structural, created by the microscopic landscape of a material that N bends and scatters light. These natural nanostructures are what make peacocks, beetles, and butterflies so vivid. Buckeye butterfl es (Junonia coenia) are usually brown with small blue flecks (left). Over the course of a year, a butterfly breeder selectively mated those with the most blue, creating blue-winged buckeyes. This experiment gave researchers, including Marine Biological Photography by Jean Lachat Laboratory director Nipam Patel, an opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms at work in the scales that give butterfly wings their color. They found that the blue coloration is indeed structural and is created largely by the lamina, the scales’ film-like bottom layer. The lamina reflects light like a soap bubble and is thicker in blue scales than brown. The simplicity of the lamina structure and its color-controlling function help the scientists identify which genes code for lamina thickness and study the evolution of structural color in nature. They’ve identified one gene, optix, that when deleted produces blue wings (right), and they continue to search for

Image courtesy Rachel Thayer Rachel courtesy Image other candidates.—Maureen Searcy ◆

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 21

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 21 8/12/20 10:14 AM UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 22 quantum networks in the nation. nation. the in networks quantum establishing one of the longest land-based loop” in the Chicago suburbs, successfully entangled photons across a 52-mile “quantum Argonne National Laboratory and UChicago Laboratories. In February, scientists from 17 National DOE’s at underway already are Crucial steps toward building such an internet before. ever than securely more information quantum mechanics to control and transmit of laws the on relies which internet, quantum a of national development the for strategy a blueprint out lays that a report unveiled Energy of US Department UChicago, the conference at news 23 a In July INTERNET NEXT THE For the record and Sciences (AAAS) were were (AAAS) Sciences and Named to the American Academy of Arts national scholarly societies this spring. Ten faculty members were recognized by ACADEMIES THE THANK government labs. and includes partnerships with industry and training opportunities in quantum to create new undergraduate and graduate aims institute The Center. Technology and ty of Illinois’s Quantum Information Science Universi the at headquartered be to works, Net and Architectures Quantum Hybrid for the new Quantum Leap Challenge Institute of part also is UChicago Urbana-Champaign, at Illinois of University the and Madison health care. across techniques to societal and ficscienti problems will work to apply mathematical and statistical at Urbana-Champaign. Researchers at IMSI Illinois of University the and Chicago, at Illinois of University the University, Northwestern with a partnership (IMSI), Innovation the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Foundation grant funding. UChicago will host institutes established with National Science collaborative math- and science-focused new two of part is Chicago of University The MATH PROBLEMS MEETS 22 22 Wisconsin– of University the with Along THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MAGAZINE CHICAGO OF UNIVERSITY THE fi elds including climate change and and change climate including elds Joy Bergelson fi elds , - - | SUMMER 2020 Deff David Wellbery Professor Emeritus of Catholic Studies; and McNichols Greeley Distinguished Service Tracy Physics; of Professor Service guished were Galli. member AAAS new with along Sciences, of Academy National the to elected was Development, Human Comparative and Distinguished Service Professor in Psychology Mathematics and Computer Science. Distinguished Service Professor in Alexander Razborov Neves College; the and Science, Political of Department the Policy, Public of School Harris the at Politics American in Professor William Stein HowellSydney , the Family Professor of Molecular Engineering; English; in Novel the of Development the of Professor Berlin R. Maud Ellmann Evolution; and Ecology in Professor the James D. Watson Distinguished Service sciences; David Archer members for outstanding teaching. In June the University honored nine faculty FOR PEDAGOGYPRIZES ics, and the Enrico Fermi Institute. Fermi Enrico the and ics, phys astrophysics, and astronomy in fessor mittee on Social Thought. Social on mittee Com Nef U. John the and Studies Germanic to Graduate Teaching and Mentoring went Undergraduate Teaching. in Excellence for Awards Quantrell Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester received sciences, physiological and Schwartz and literatures; and languages Martínez of Anthropology and Linguistics; G. Metzl Distinguished Service Professor in political science; and and science; political in pathology; in professor Megan McNerney College; the and Science Computer in sor Profes Goodman Fred Seymour Chong, the

, professor in classics; classics; in Elizabeth , professor Asmis Joining the American Philosophical Society Susan Goldin-Meadow Faculty Awards for Excellence in in Excellence for Awards Faculty enbaugh Carlson University Professor in Sidney Nagel , the Andrew Thomas Greeley and Grace Grace and Greeley Thomas Andrew , the , professor in mathematics; and and mathematics; in , professor , associate professor in Romance Susan Gal , professor in pharmacological , professor in geophysical , the Randy L. and Melvin Melvin and L. Randy , the , the LeRoy T. and Margaret Margaret T. and LeRoy , the , PhD’05, MD’07, associate , the Stein-Freiler Distin Stein-Freiler , the , the Mae and Sidney Sidney and Mae , the , the Andrew MacLeish MacLeish Andrew , the Paolo Privitera Eric Oliver Eric , Liew Giulia , Galli Liew , the Beardsley Ruml Ruml Beardsley , the Eric Eric Miguel Miguel , professor André André

David David , pro - - - - - o Subli winner Challenge Venture New College for social entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa. Impact Toolbox, a digital incubation platform a low-cost rainwater collection system, and developed has which LivingWaters, Challenge: John Edwardson shared Two companies spot. top the took tools, intelligence ficial arti with companies insurance auto provides which Venture Challenge, Hong Kong–based UTours, New Global the In Title. Pippin company report title land to went Prize First-Place for university communities. the and year, this million to 11 UChicago student-run start-ups $1 a record awarded Challenge Venture New ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT has affected disabled living facilities. COVID-19 how examining a project developing currently is She disabilities. with students for manages an online platform with resources workshops on special education issues and provides fit that a nonpro Access, Open people with disabilities. Busch cofounded with work her Year for the of Women College Glamour was named one of Kristen Busch fourth-year Rising College YEAR THE WOMAN OF SHARPEN THOSE PENCILS THOSE SHARPEN The 24th annual among other brain-tickling prompts. by zero, divided be can what decide or map, a well-known reimagine quote, a famous intrigue, applicants can instead misattribute marmots’ chucking prowess doesn’t ff ers a peer-to-peer subletting marketplace magazine’s

supplemental essays. If the

How much wood wood much How Edward L. Kaplan , MBA’72, Social New Venture Venture New Social , MBA’72, Rattan L. Khosa L. Rattan that question in their their in question that woodchuck woodchuck chuck if a to meditate on woodchuck could the opportunity chuck wood? of 2025 will have have will 2025 of Aspiring members of the College Class Class College the of fi rst place in the in place rst ,

MBA’79, MBA’79, , MBA’71, MBA’71, , would a

8/13/20 2:56 PM

courtesy Kristen Busch, Class of 2021; photography by Tom Murray (CC BY-NC 2.0) BY-NC (CC Murray Tom by photography 2021; of Class Busch, Kristen courtesy Clockwise from top left: photo courtesy Argonne National Laboratory; photo photo Laboratory; National Argonne courtesy photo left: top from Clockwise

Illustration by John Jay Cabuay Do you always cook fresh food for yourself? I’m pretty much a purist, because it just tastes better. I’m very hostile to factory food. The quicker you can eat fresh food, from the time it came out of the ground, the better it tastes.

No guilty pleasures? I would get a cone from McDonald’s every once in a while. This is the first time I’ve ever mentioned that. INTERVIEW

What are your top five pantry You can fix it must-haves? Mustard, of course. Oil, vinegar. We Advice for cooking and life from chef don’t count salt and pepper, do we? I Madelaine Bullwinkel, AM’68 always have flour and yeast.

BY CARRIE GOLUS, AB’91, AM’93 What is the most common cooking truism that isn’t actually true? As a young woman, Madelaine Bullwin- Your Alliance Française bio kel, AM’68, taught herself to cook. She mentions that you teach “the If you do something wrong, you’ve failed opened her cooking school, Chez Mad- whys as well as the how” of and have to throw it out. elaine, in her Hinsdale, Illinois, kitchen French cooking. Yesterday my granddaughters and in 1977, and has held classes there ever I forgot to put flour in a chocolate cake since. She also teaches at Chicago’s I’ve always felt it was important to for my daughter-in-law’s birthday. So Alliance Française and for UChicago know why you were doing something, it ends up being like a soufflé, which Alumni. This interview has been edited and not just follow directions. Because means it rises in the oven, and once you and condensed. then when something went wrong, you take it out, it goes down. had some kind of line on how to fix it. Well, we didn’t have time to do it courtesy Kristen Busch, Class of 2021; photography by Tom Murray (CC2.0) BY-NC by Tom Murray photography 2021; of Class Busch, Kristen courtesy When did you start cooking? A lot of people don’t like cooking again. Here were these little girls! Clockwise from top left: photo courtesy Argonne National Laboratory; photo Laboratory; National Argonne courtesy photo left: top from Clockwise because they don’t think about cook- Things were on the line. We had dou- Probably in high school. I loved to bake, ing while they’re doing it. They’re just bled it, because they wanted to make which is often the starting point for following a recipe and thinking about two layers. So I whipped up an Italian young people. That’s counterintuitive, the day they spent at the office. But the meringue, which is a beautiful white because cooking is easier. Baking is more you can think about why and frothy frosting. And it’s plentiful. We restrictive. But kids are used to being what you’re doing, about the ingredi- put that between the layers, and cov- taught things in a rote manner, and ents, the more satisfying it is. ered it and put it on top, and it looked baking is dessert. gorgeous. So we saved it. And actually, What mistakes do beginning it tasted divine. How did you start teaching? cooks make most frequently? Cooking is really a life lesson. That’s why I like to teach kids. You lose at I was pretty bored when my kids went Without a sharp knife, you are doomed Parcheesi, you’ve got to deal with it. But to school. I was not a club lady. I didn’t to frustration. Home cooks don’t know if you make a mistake in cooking, you play tennis or bridge or golf. how to hold a knife. They’re afraid, and can fix it. ◆ People would ask, how did you make maybe they should be. that crust? They wanted to know why I You have to show people how to hold was so successful when I cooked. So I a knife and how to hold the food to pro- READ MORE OF BULLWINKEL’S INTERVIEW AND GET HER RECIPE FOR said, well come over to my house and I’ll tect yourself. After that, everything is BLUEBERRY JAM WITH MINT AT MAG

IllustrationJohnby Jay Cabuay show you. easy. Really. .UCHICAGO.EDU/BULLWINKEL.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 23

UChicago Journal Summer 2020_v13.indd 23 8/12/20 10:14 AM MEDICINE

TRIALS BY FIRE While the mysterious new disease spread, UChicago Medicine researchers brought long-held expertise to a new common cause: helping COVID-19 patients.

BY JASON KELLY Photography by Bruce Powell; photo courtesy UChicago Medicine; photography by Jean Lachat; Jean by photography Medicine; UChicago courtesy photo Powell; Bruce by Photography NIAID page: Wintermantle.Opposite Joel by photography Li; Yuxuan by photography

2424 THE THE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF OF CHICAGO CHICAGO MAGAZINE MAGAZINE | |SUMMER SUMMER 2020 2020

UCH_CoronaVResearch_v3.indd 24 8/13/20 2:18 PM Physicians Mark Ratain, Reem Jan, Pankti Reid, J. Michael Millis, and David Meltzer, LAB’82, AM’87, PhD’92, MD’93. Opposite: Colorized scanning electron microscope image of an apoptotic cell (red) infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (yellow).

n the very early stages of the Despite the obstacles and unknowns, town hall in June reporting on UChi- COVID-19 pandemic, medi- the process sped forward. For example, cago Medicine’s COVID-19 research. cal researchers were inun- the University reached an agreement “I think most other centers around the dated. Information about the with the pharmaceutical company world were not as efficient in getting the virus came in an onrush. The Gilead to conduct a trial of its antiviral trial started.” Like taking Tamiflu for pace made Mark Ratain think drug remdesivir, and within eight days seasonal flu, the earlier in their illnesses of Wayne Gretzky, whose fa- doctors had started enrolling patients. that patients receive the antiviral, the ther taught him to “skate to Ratain credited the “heroic efforts” more effective it’s likely to be. where the puck is going, not of the BSD Institutional Review Board Daily infusions of remdesivir in 200 where it has been.” chief, professor of medicine Christopher infected patients—half who required Ratain, the Leon O. Jacobson Pro- Daugherty, in accelerating approvals. mechanical ventilation, half who did fessor of Medicine, worked this spring No corners could be cut. Providing pa- not but were hospitalized—produced to help identify the University’s most tients with the best care remained the encouraging outcomes. So encourag- promising clinical trials to inform hospital’s primary imperative. But no ing, in fact, that when preliminary potential treatments for the mysteri- time could be wasted either. Furthering information about the participants’ ous viral infection. That meant divin- potential COVID-19 treatments could swift and significant improvement ing, to the extent possible, where the make a global impact. The fast-tracked was reported by the media, UChi- puck was going. One problem with the process, Ratain noted, contributed to the cago Medicine had to tamp down metaphor: “This thing,” Ratain said, success of UChicago’s trial compared to the enthusiasm, issuing an April 16 “is faster than ice hockey.” other global remdesivir research. statement that said “drawing any con- Processes that normally take months “We got to trial very quickly and, clusions at this point is premature and or years had to be compressed into therefore, did not have patients lingering scientifically unsound.” By summer, weeks or days, from conceiving re- in the ICU waiting for the remdesivir tri- the antiviral had become a staple of search studies to getting the go-ahead al to open up,” he said during an online treatment for those hospitalized with from the Biological Sciences Division and University of Chicago Medicine Institutional Review Boards to secur- IT MADE HIM THINK OF ing patient consent. Ethical, medical, and logistical considerations—such as WAYNE GRETZKY, WHOSE sealing consent forms in plastic to limit FATHER TAUGHT HIM TO contagion from infected patients—had “SKATE TO WHERE THE PUCK to be accounted for in each phase of ramping up clinical trials, even as re- IS GOING, NOT WHERE

Photography by Bruce Powell; photo courtesy UChicago Medicine; photography by Jean Lachat; Lachat; Jean by photography Medicine; UChicago courtesy photo Powell; Bruce by Photography NIAID page: Wintermantle.Opposite Joel by photography Li; Yuxuan by photography searchers worked at a sprint. IT HAS BEEN.”

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 25

UCH_CoronaVResearch_v3.indd 25 8/13/20 2:19 PM COVID-19, hastening recovery for eyond adjusting their eyes to potential “miracle” coronavirus cure, many. Gilead released data in July in- the blur of information about saying he took it himself as a preven- dicating a significant reduction in the B COVID-19, at times research- tive measure after one of his personal death rate for hospitalized patients ers also had to tune out the clamor valets tested positive for COVID-19. receiving the medication. over new developments. With the pub- The president’s endorsement inspired Other UChicago drug trials also lic anxious for answers and the media some people to seek it out. Others re- showed hopeful results. The initial shining a bright light on research ef- sisted the medication for the same rea- studies were small and not random- forts, every potential step forward in son—the messenger. ized. None came with promises of a drug and vaccine research was ampli- Hydroxychloroquine is well under- COVID-19 cure close at hand. But the fied. Political conflicts over potential stood and known to be safe when used, doctors were keen to nudge knowl- treatments sprang up. In that environ- as it has been for decades, to treat ma- edge forward as the disease advanced ment, Ratain said, “it’s not like you can laria. It is most often prescribed in the around the globe. The unique scale just put your head down and do your United States for lupus and rheuma- and immediacy of the challenge rallied own work.” toid arthritis patients. Using knowl- them to the cause. Rheumatologist Reem Jan discov- edge from treating rheumatological “It is extraordinarily unusual to ered that firsthand. The assistant conditions, Jan and her colleagues

have a brand-new disease develop that professor of medicine set out to test established “which patients should be Phtotography by Soaring Badger Productions impacts so many people,” professor of the antimalarial drug hydroxychlo- excluded from the study and which surgery J. Michael Millis said at the town roquine as a COVID-19 treatment. side effects to look for” when testing hall. “The University of Chicago prides She came away with mixed results, the effectiveness of hydroxychloro- itself on developing lifelong learners, her trial constrained in part because quine for COVID-19. and when this new disease developed, it was “very challenging to recruit pa- Some global studies had reported it’s been amazing to watch how all of tients with the massive attention that promising results. Others pointed to us have kicked it into high gear to learn this drug has been getting.” complications that could increase the as much as possible about this disease Like prejudiced jurors, many had risk of death. In the space of a week, the and initiated efforts to address it at all formed opinions about hydroxychlo- World Health Organization suspended levels.” roquine from news reports. President and restarted its hydroxychloroquine A rush, in every sense. Donald Trump promoted the drug as a research. At UChicago, amid that swirl

26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

UCH_CoronaVResearch_v3.indd 26 8/13/20 1:21 PM Faculty from many specializations across UChicago Medicine have initiated studies of promising antivirals and other treatments for the still poorly understood disease.

of conflicting information, eight people ground. To a trained eye, the “translu- and consistency of the benefits evident enrolled in Jan’s trial. The researchers cent lung” in that image represented a in that cohort “gave a lot of hope that wanted to determine the optimal dos- healthy organ. this drug would be very helpful.” age of hydroxychloroquine and iden- In the second, a fog appeared to Ratain is a pioneer in a field called tify the subset of COVID-19 patients have settled. Instead of clear black, the interventional pharmacoeconomics, in which it could have the greatest im- background was clouded and opaque, which focuses on maximizing drug pact. The amount typically prescribed a telltale sign of “poor air exchange.” effectiveness and availability, while to treat lupus and rheumatoid arthritis The X-rays came from the same reducing side effects and price. His takes weeks to have a clinical effect. patient, before and after the onset of influence helped establish the direc- Those already seriously ill from the COVID-19. tion of UChicago Medicine’s tocili- novel coronavirus infection could not Reid, a rheumatologist who spe- zumab trial. wait that long for the drug to work. cializes in autoimmune diseases, Hematology and oncology fellow Using three times the standard rheu- has expertise in overactive immune Garth Strohbehn, who also works with matic dose on outpatients with moder- responses that create the kind of in- the nonprofit Value in Cancer Care ate COVID-19 symptoms, Jan wondered, flammation seen in the second image. Consortium toward lowering drug “Could we stop the disease from getting When the immune system fails to dis- costs by identifying minimum dosages worse? Could we prevent these patients tinguish between a threat and healthy that provide maximum benefi s, joined from being hospitalized?” human cells, the assistant professor of the study as well. Tocilizumab is ex- Yes and no, her small study sug- medicine said, it “can go into hyper- pensive and in relatively limited sup- gested. Some patients showed almost drive and wreak havoc.” That leads to ply, requiring careful management to immediate improvement. In others, the “cytokine storm” scenario, a factor bring beneficial outcomes to as many COVID-19 progressed to the point of that has caused serious illness or death COVID-19 patients as possible. hospitalization despite the hydroxy- in some coronavirus cases. Despite calling himself a “reluctant chloroquine intervention, although all A small study from China published covid trialist” on his Twitter page, eventually recovered. in early March showed that an anti- Strohbehn seemed like anything but “The good news is, most patients do inflammatory drug called tocilizumab to Reid, who noted he was the study’s seem to tolerate the drug very well and might help mitigate the effects of an lead author on the strength of his hard we haven’t seen any outright safety sig- excessive cytokine response. Normally work and key insights. The team care- nals so far” in this small trial, Jan said used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, the fully deliberated over the optimal time at the June town hall. “The bad news is medication brought swift relief from to introduce tocilizumab in COVID-19, it’s very unclear as to whether the drug really works for this disease.” The upticks of hope and plummet- ing expectations made for what Ratain THE UPTICKS OF HOPE AND called the hydroxychloroquine “roller PLUMMETING EXPECTATIONS coaster.” On June 15 the Food and Drug MADE FOR WHAT RATAIN CALLED Administration revoked its emergency THE HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE Phtotography by Soaring Badger Productions use authorization for the treatment of COVID-19 with the drug based on “ROLLER COASTER.” emerging studies showing it was un- likely to be effective and evidence of serious side effects in some patients. fever and reduced the need for oxygen deciding to test the drug in a popula- in hospitalized patients, as well as im- tion with COVID-19 pneumonia who proving indicators of inflammation in were hospitalized but not yet critically ankti Reid displayed two lung X- their bloodwork. ill. This would help them determine if rays to the town hall audience. “It was revolutionary, really, in the low doses could prevent the disease P The first looked like one of COVID era to see this type of improve- from advancing to the point of requir- those novelty skeleton T-shirts, a white ment, although in a small amount of ing intensive care or mechanical ven- rib cage outlined against a dark back- patients,” Reid said. The signifi ance tilation. As an anti-inflammatory—as

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 27

UCH_CoronaVResearch_v3.indd 27 8/13/20 1:21 PM opposed to an antiviral—the medica- advised the country’s health ministry volved in COVID-19 research, he was tion is not intended to fight the infec- in developing a voluntary organ dona- careful not to overstate the results of tion itself, but to limit the “hyperdrive” tion system, so he reached out to friends what was of necessity a small, non- immune response. It inhibits a specific there: Was anybody using leflunomide randomized study. But the patients in cytokine that can produce the de- to treat COVID-19 patients? his leflunomide trial benefi ed. Their bilitating inflammation visible in that “It turns out that in March a group symptoms typically resolved within a cloudy chest X-ray. Echoing the Chi- had done some in-vitro studies that week, faster than would otherwise be nese study, participants in UChicago’s showed that it was effective. And then expected among that population. research showed swift improvement. another group had done a clinical trial “By day five, they are significantly “In the 32 patients enrolled in our of patients that had chronic viral posi- improved, and by day seven, they feel trial,” Reid said, “we saw promising tivity, and it had some nice effects,” Mil- great,” Millis said. “So that’s not the results with general decrease of fever lis said. That information resolved him standard course. We think that that’s and lab markers of hyperinflammation to design a study at UChicago Medicine. a little bit accelerated, which is what improving in just 24 hours.” The first step was determining which we would like to see.” The researchers are now studying patients to test. With data from the Cen- He believes leflunomide could be tocilizumab in combination with an- ters for Disease Control and Prevention like a Tamiflu for COVID-19, given to tivirals like remdesivir, and whether and the World Health Organization, outpatients with mild symptoms or to the efficacy each drug has shown in- Millis and colleagues established the asymptomatic people who test posi- dividually can be increased if the two characteristics of patients they wanted tive, as well as a preventive medication are prescribed together. to test with leflunomide—those who had for those who have come in contact tested positive, were not hospitalized, with an infected person. and had risk factors such as age, obesity, Millis’s interest in leflunomide traces he arsenal of medications that hypertension, and diabetes. Because in- back to a medical school mentor at the liver transplant patients need fected people without those underlying University of Tennessee, Jim Williams, T performs a kind of immuno- issues had a much better chance of re- who identified the compound’s combi- ballet—a course of treatment that re- covering without medical intervention, nation of antiviral and immunosuppres- strains the body’s impulse to fight the the researchers decided it would not be sive properties. Williams later moved to new organ as a dangerous invader and, worth the risk of testing the leflunomide Rush Medical Center, and Millis recruit- at the same time, prevents infections on them. ed him to UChicago in the early 2000s. that could flourish under such immune “So we identified this population “He brought his expertise with this suppression. Leflunomide maintains that we thought would have a rea- medication,” Millis said, “and the basic that delicate balance. sonable risk-benefit ratio to undergo science people we had looked into it and As it became clear that COVID-19 a clinical trial—so-called equipoise,” found some other interesting facets.” complications could arise from both the Millis said. That “means that there’s Long retired, Williams is unable to effects of the viral infection itself and a question out there that we don’t contribute to the latest research devel- the inflammation from an overactive know the answer to, and there would opments in treating COVID-19 with immune response, Millis, a liver trans- be some risks, but there also would be the drug, but Millis said, “we have plant specialist, got to thinking. He has potentially some benefit for patients.” enough critical mass and knowledge extensive experience in China, having Like all the UChicago doctors in- to move it forward in his honor.”

COULD THE MISERY THAT THE ould the misery that the nov- NOVEL CORONAVIRUS HAS el coronavirus has visited C upon the world be mitigated VISITED UPON THE WORLD by taking vitamin D? There’s reason BE MITIGATED BY TAKING to believe it might help. Professor of medicine David Meltzer has under- VITAMIN D? THERE’S REASON taken research to help determine just TO BELIEVE IT MIGHT HELP. how much.

28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

UCH_CoronaVResearch_v3.indd 28 8/13/20 4:14 PM As COVID-19 encroached on Chi- sands of electronic medical records to he noted, “so we know people evolved cago, Meltzer, LAB’82, AM’87, PhD’92, see whether a relationship existed be- getting much, much more vitamin D MD’93, the chief of hospital medicine, tween vitamin D deficiency and the than they’re getting today.” focused on preparing for an inevitable likelihood of COVID-19 infection. influx of patients. Meltzer also oversees “What we found was yes, in fact, the University’s Comprehensive Care strikingly so,” Meltzer said. “Vitamin or all the complications that Program, which works to strengthen pa- D defi ient persons were 77 percent COVID-19 research presented, tients’ relationships with their primary- more likely to test positive for COVID F the overall area of study was care physicians to improve their health than persons who weren’t vitamin D narrower than what Ratain typically outcomes. At that time, the program’s deficient. And this was true holding encounters in his usual investigations staff was busy contacting their patients, constant age, race, gender, and a whole into cancer drugs. There might be 1,000 phone call by personal phone call, to talk series of comorbidities.” in development at any given time. about the coronavirus threat and best practices for prevention. In the midst of this metaphorical sandbagging for the coming storm, AS HOSPITAL OPERATIONS Meltzer received an email from a med- TEMPORARILY SLOWED ical news service about vitamin D re- TO ENSURE CAPACITY FOR ducing respiratory tract infections. Click. PATIENTS WITH COVID-19, THESE “It reported the results of a meta- DOCTORS DID NOT GO IDLE. analysis showing an amazing 70 per- cent reduction in viral respiratory infections in people with vitamin D People with a deficiency who had “At least in COVID,” he said, “there’s deficiency who were randomized to received vitamin D treatment, he a smaller space of things that one is get vitamin D supplementation,” he found, did not have a higher risk of in- thinking about.” said at the June town hall. fection than those without a deficien- But the glut of information occupying COVID-19 wasn’t mentioned in the cy, an indication of such treatment’s that space—or trying to—clogged the email, and a Google search turned up protective potential—but only an indi- pipeline. In June Strohbehn retweeted no research into vitamin D’s impact cation. “I want to emphasize this is an a photo of hikers queued up on Mount on the new disease. But Meltzer re- association,” Meltzer said. “It doesn’t Everest with the caption: “#Covid_19 membered from medical school that prove causation, so we knew we need- manuscripts waiting for editorial re- coronaviruses often cause the type of ed randomized trials. We’re trying to view at medical journals.” infections the analysis evaluated. If start three or four.” UChicago Medicine’s contributions such a safe, cheap, and widely avail- Those include a study in collabora- to that crowded field generated real, if able supplement could be shown to be tion with the UChicago Urban Labs incremental, progress in treating the beneficial against this novel threat, the involving first responders—police of- disease. As hospital operations tem- impact could be significant. fi ers, firefighters, paramedics—and porarily slowed to ensure capacity for “I also knew that about half of Amer- another with University health care patients with COVID-19, these doctors icans and 70 percent of African Ameri- workers. The latter will test moder- did not go idle. cans and Hispanics—which I’ll remind ate versus high doses. Taking greater “When you basically tell all these you is two-thirds of Chicago’s popula- amounts of vitamin D can cause side people, ‘You’ve got to stop,’” Millis tion—are vitamin D deficient,” Meltzer effects, and appropriate levels are not said, “well, their minds don’t stop.” said. At the end of a long, cold winter, “I well established. The recommended If anything, when presented with realized that we had the opportunity to daily allowance of 600 international the opportunity to help quell a pan- study vitamin D deficiency and COVID units, Meltzer said, is based on the demic, they only went faster. ◆ at the U of C as these cases appear.” supplement’s benefi s for bone health, First he had to get institutional review not the immune system. Half an hour Jason Kelly is associate editor of Notre board approval to sift through thou- of midday sun provides 10,000 units, Dame Magazine.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 29

UCH_CoronaVResearch_v3.indd 29 8/13/20 1:22 PM LEGACY

PRECEDENT SETTING Joseph Sax, JD’59 (1936–2014), helped establish the courts as a front line for environmental activism.

BY JEANIE CHUNG

icture Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1970, at the height Sax applied the principle broadly to natural resources— of campus activism. On March 11, students, politi- thus laying the groundwork for decades of legal action to cians, and activists including Ralph Nader gathered protect the environment. His article has stacked up cita- on the University of Michigan campus for a four- tions in court decisions and scholarly journals alike. To call day teach-in on the environment. Singer Gordon it influential “is a gross understatement,” wrote University Lightfoot and the Chicago cast of Hair performed. of California, Davis, law professor Richard M. Frank in the Among the other events was a mock trial with a UC Davis Law Review. The article “had a catalytic effect 1959 Ford sedan as the defendant. The event was among courts and environmental policymakers through- considered a dry run for the first Earth Day a month later. out the country,” establishing a legal rationale for suing PThat year Ann Arbor was also the site of a less theatri- organizations, individuals, or government agencies whose cal but equally significant moment for the environmental actions threatened natural resources. Sax became known

movement: the publication of a scholarly treatise in the as the father of environmental law by empowering others Photo courtesy University of Michigan Law School Michigan Law Review by Joseph Sax, JD’59. to defend those resources as a public trust. In “The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resources Law: Holly Doremus is one of many environmental lawyers and Effective Judicial Intervention,” the University of Michigan legal scholars Sax mentored. In a posthumous tribute in the law professor posited that many natural resources, like shore- Vermont Law Review, the University of California, Berkeley, lines, oceans, air, and some land, are held in public trust by law professor called her teacher’s work “directly responsible the government for the benefit of present and future citizens. for both the development of the field” of environmental law Public trust can be traced back to Roman laws stipulating “and the fact that within a decade or two the words ‘environ- common ownership of shorelines and navigable waterways. mental law’ could be said out loud without embarrassment or The concept later made its way into English law, includ- apology at even the snobbiest of law schools.” ing the Magna Carta, which placed ownership of such re- When Sax graduated from the University of Chicago Law sources in the hands of the monarch, who was to act as their School, environmental law wasn’t a field at all. Editor of the

trustee on behalf of the public. Law Review, he went on to work briefly as a labor lawyer for School Law Michigan of University courtesy Photo

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UCH_Legacy_Sax_v3.indd 30 8/11/20 6:08 PM Joseph Sax’s (JD’59) writing on the public trust doctrine helped establish environmental law as a field and provided the basis for several states’ laws protecting natural resources.

the US Justice Department and without Handrails: Reflections in private practice before join- on the National Parks (Universi- ing the University of Colorado ty of Michigan Press, 1980) and law school in 1962. There, the Playing Darts with a Rembrandt: lifelong outdoorsman was as- Public and Private Rights in Cul- signed to teach water law. At tural Treasures (University of the time, that field was focused Michigan Press, 1999). on the rights to use resources Neither the ideas in “The rather than on the desire to Public Trust Doctrine” nor a protect resources—but Sax’s legal scholar calling for citizen approach pivoted on the inter- action seem all that radical in section of private and public Professor Sax was 2020. But in his time, Sax’s ac- interests. “The ideas that teach- interdisciplinary before tivism “was viewed somewhere ing water law triggered for Pro- between disdain and alarm by fessor Sax,” wrote Doremus, anyone was using most of his colleagues,” says “rapidly matured into a much that word. Roger Conner, a former student broader vision of the nature of of Sax’s at Michigan. “Profes- property generally.” sors weren’t supposed to do While at Colorado Sax helped the Sierra Club limit devel- that. They would sully themselves with action. It would opment on the Colorado River and designed his first course ruin their clarity of thought.” on conservation and the law. Sax hardly confined his work to the academy. In 1969 en- When he moved to the University of Michigan in 1966, it was vironmental activist Joan Wolfe approached him to write in part to collaborate with faculty from its School of Natural what became the Michigan Environmental Protection Act Resources (now the School for Environment and Sustainabil- (MEPA) of 1970. Based on the legal framework outlined in ity). “Professor Sax,” noted Doremus, “was interdisciplinary “The Public Trust Doctrine,” MEPA gave citizens, agencies, before anyone was using that word.” and other legal entities the right to sue over damage to re- Of Sax’s many publications on the environment and the sources held in the public trust. Sometimes called the Sax public good, “The Public Trust Doctrine” still stands out, Act, it was considered especially robust for environmental its influence alive and well. Supporting his argument with protection legislation and served as a model for laws later case law, he examined public trust applications in several passed in other states. states. Most pivotal was the 1892 case Illinois Central Rail- In 1986 Sax moved to UC Berkeley, closer to his three road Company v. Illinois. daughters, who all lived in California. Building on ideas that In 1869 the state had passed an act granting the railroad he’d first put forth in Mountains without Handrails, he wrote title to more than a thousand acres of submerged Chicago a paper on the proposed management of Wrangell-St. Elias lakefront stretching east of Michigan Avenue and a mile into National Park in Alaska. When Sax died 28 years later, the Lake Michigan. The land represented almost all of Chicago’s paper was still being used by the park’s superintendents, commercial waterfront. Illinois had a change of heart, and handed down from one to the next. His work on parks stew-

Photo courtesy University of Michigan Law School after a protracted legal battle, the Supreme Court ruled in its ardship led to an advisory post with US secretary of the in- favor in 1892. “When a state holds a resource which is avail- terior Bruce Babbitt during the Clinton administration. able for the free use of the general public,” Sax wrote of the In 2007 Sax received the Blue Planet Prize, often called case, “a court will look with considerable skepticism upon the “Environmental Nobel.” He was gratified, Sax said, any governmental conduct which is calculated either to re- for the recognition of “the role that the rule of law plays in allocate that resource to more restricted uses or to subject implementation of scientific achievement in the governance public uses to the self-interest of private parties.” of our societies, and in assuring justice to those who have Today the public trust doctrine has been applied in hun- suffered environmental harm.” dreds of federal and state decisions and adopted in 10 coun- Sax’s influence continues today through his honors and tries outside the United States. To share his ideas with a wider writings, as well as through the ripple effect of his teach- audience, Sax wrote Defending the Environment: A Strategy for ing. Many of the law students he mentored became schol- Citizen Action (Knopf, 1971). His subsequent general audience ars, activists, and educators in turn—just another way he

Photo courtesy University of Michigan Law School Law Michigan of University courtesy Photo books reflected on the nature of public goods—Mountains set precedent. ◆

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UCH_Legacy_Sax_v3.indd 31 8/13/20 4:10 PM CONVOCATION 2020

THE NEW RITES OF SPRING Scenes from a convocation like no other.

BY LAURA DEMANSKI, AM’94 Video stills from footage by UChicago Creative arly the morning of June 13 in in May on an empty campus. Their emotional Chicago, an unmistakable skirl effect on the graduates of 2020, their families, was heard from computers and those of us who’ve attended many a live con- and devices around the globe. vocation ceremony was undiminished—as was Bagpipers and drummers set the weight of the achievements they heralded. out across the main quad from This was the University of Chicago’s first vir- Levi Hall in maroon, black, and tual convocation. Other than a brief opening white tartan kilts. Unlike ev- message from Provost Ka Yee C. Lee, the 533rd ery past UChicago convocation Convocation had been performed and recorded procession, this time the familiar sounds and in May, to ensure that the Class of 2020 could sights were out of time, having been videotaped watch in safety while a pandemic grew in many E Creative UChicago by footage from still Video

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UCH_Convocation_v7.indd 32 8/12/20 12:38 PM The power of analysis and of ideas that you have experienced in your time at the University, and that are now your own, will serve you wherever your path takes you and whatever challenges you confront. President Robert J. Zimmer

In his remarks, President Robert J. Zimmer hearkened back to the University’s first convocation. Opposite, clockwise from top: The traditional pipe band marched on the quads; musicians performed during the ceremo- ny; student a cappella group Voices sang Son Lux’s “Remedy”; Provost Ka Yee C. Lee addressed viewers. Video stills from footage by UChicago Creative parts of the world. What did it have in common we continue to observe. Harper believed these with the previous 532 ceremonies? Only the most occasions of high ceremony to be a necessary and important things. nourishing part of the life of a university.” President Robert J. Zimmer, in introductory Among the goals Harper named was the com- remarks, reminded viewers of the ceremony’s ing together of the University as a whole. “Con- primary purpose: to confer degrees. “But these vocations are meant to bind together into a unity occasions satisfy other objectives as well,” he the many complex and diverging forms of activity said. He invoked convocation number one on which constitute our university’s life and work,” January 2, 1893, where the University’s first pres- Zimmer said, drawing from Harper’s words. “To- ident, William Rainey Harper, “set out goals for day’s ceremony is about reflecting upon the whole these ceremonies, goals leading to practices that of what we do across the University.” Video still from footage by UChicago Creative UChicago by footage from still Video

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UCH_Convocation_v7.indd 33 8/13/20 4:18 PM You have worked mightily to be worthy of this great university and the special honor that attaches to anyone who passes through it. Dean of the College John W. Boyer, AM’69, PhD’75

Dean of the College John W. Boyer, AM’69, PhD’75, spoke to members of the Class of 2020 during the June 12 Class Day celebration.

And, of course, it was about honoring the ef- has shown us time and again that unconventional Chicago by Frost footage from still Video fort and achievement of each person awarded minds like yours are built for uncertain times,” a degree that day: the challenge met. Zimmer she said. “The world that you now venture into, hoped, he told the graduates, “that you still feel more than ever, needs individuals with the cour- a collective sense of pride and unity for all that age to embrace the unknown, the drive to follow you have accomplished during your time at the their passions, the audacity to defy the status quo, University of Chicago.” and the ability to transform ideas into actions.” Their time after the University of Chicago will Following Lee’s remarks, the University’s be unlike anything before, but they are well pre- deans took the stage one by one to present to pared for the challenge. That was the loud and the president their candidates for each degree

clear message from Lee in her remarks: “History awarded in the College, schools, and divisions. Videostills from footage Frostby Chicago

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UCH_Convocation_v7.indd 34 8/13/20 4:18 PM Students make this place happen. Here’s to you, resilient, vibrant, brilliant makers of things and ideas and art and discoveries. Class Day speaker Emily Stevens, AB’20

Know that it is from having made UChicago ours that we now know how to make the world ours. Class Day speaker Annie Geng, AB’20

The intellectual passion found at the College was contagious, even if it hurt my head sometimes, but mostly it made me think and rethink. Class Day speaker Greer Baxter, AB’20

Try to create a new kind of world. Affirm the value of every human being. Have empathy and respect for others. Have intolerance only of intolerance. Class Day alumnus speaker Otis W. Brawley, SB’81, MD’85

Video still from footage by Frost Chicago by Frost footage from still Video “By virtue of the authority delegated to me,” The class had come together as a whole the Zimmer conferred the degrees that morning, previous afternoon for a virtual version of Class with diplomas to be delivered by mail. In sepa- Day, which the College calls “an intimate cele- rate ceremonies over the weekend, deans and bration for graduating seniors to reflect on their leaders of the units recognized each individual undergraduate experience and time in the Col- who became a graduate this June. lege.” Speaking at Class Day were three students Members of the College Class of 2020 were so selected by their peers: Greer Baxter, AB’20; Annie recognized in eight diploma ceremonies for each of Geng, AB’20; and Emily Stevens, AB’20. They were eight campus residential communities, thus ending followed by Otis W. Brawley, SB’81, MD’85, a phy- their time as students with the same Maroons with sician and cancer researcher—and now the Class

Videostills from footage Frostby Chicago whom they’d begun their UChicago journeys. of 2020’s fellow alum. ◆

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UCH_Convocation_v7.indd 35 8/12/20 12:41 PM UCH_Rollert_v6.indd 36 8/11/20 6:12 PM ECONOMICS

SITUATIONAL ETHICS The business of capitalism during COVID-19.

BY JOHN PAUL ROLLERT, AM’09, PHD’17 ILLUSTRATIONS BY TOMÁS SERRANO

oral uncertainty is fuel for the fire of a conversa- tion about business eth- ics, and it has been ample in the age of COVID-19. If the spring was a mis- erable merry-go-round of unlikely events—eco- nomic calamity, civil unrest, home confinement, all while the plague advanced—the upshot for Ethics of Business, a class I’ve taught for eight years, was a special sense of urgency about the uncertainties of capitalism. The questions abound in this class. What are the responsibilities of great wealth? Can the ac- quisitive instinct be squared with civic-mind- edness? When should greater efficiency and productivity stand aside for concerns of equity and justice? And, perhaps most pressing, how reliable, morally and practically speaking, is the motive force of the modern economy? That force, of course, is self-interest, the pursuit of which is a central subject in my class. To un- derstand why people came to embrace capitalism, you have to tell a story about the moral alchemy that saw self-interest transformed from a malign motive to the most unlikely agent for the common good. It’s a tale that takes shape in the 17th and 18th centuries with the philosophical inventive- ness of thinkers like John Locke, David Hume, and, most importantly, Adam Smith.

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UCH_Rollert_v6.indd 37 8/12/20 4:20 PM For some of the Booth MBAs in the course who discussion turned to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, are attending classes part time in the evenings and Economic Security Act, the $2 trillion March while meeting workaday demands of midcareer stimulus bill, while another student wondered professionalism, Ethics of Business serves as a whether the fillip he received could be squared first brush with such legendary figures. It also with a spirit of fairness. “I felt a momentary posi- acts as an introduction of sorts to the origins of tive surprise,” he wrote, when his $1,200 check an ideology most of them arrived in the mail, “but it hold dear (while also giving turned sour pretty quickly them sustained occasion for THERE IS A because I strongly felt I did second thoughts). not deserve [it].” There’s good reason for SPECIAL PLACE In April and May, as unem- second thoughts in the midst IN HELL FOR ployment numbers soared, of a pandemic. “There is a class conversation consis- special place in hell for those THOSE WHO tently returned to those who who are price gouging,” one ARE PRICE weren’t working, those who student wrote on the class GOUGING. were, and the harrowing in- blogs that host the weekly equities among both cohorts. writing assignments. These “It is the working class—both blogs, in addition to the small discussion sections those considered essential who continue to be ex- I held in the evenings on Zoom, provided a ticker posed to the virus and those who have lost their jobs tape of sorts for the daily developments of the crisis and have no money to survive on—who are suffer- and a way of gauging their immediate impact on ing the most,” one of my full-time MBAs observed. my students. “Is it ethical” for “taxpayers to bail He, on the other hand, had “an unusual ability to out these companies without additional upside focus on [his] classes (due to no social events)” and for their trouble?” one student wrote when the to decide “whether or not I’m tired of virtual happy

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UCH_Rollert_v6.indd 38 8/11/20 6:12 PM hours.” The absurdity of such disparate circum- up from the bottom. “This is how a capitalist stances was not lost on him. “Oh by the way,” he system functions,” he explained. “The capital sardonically remarked, “I also started day trading.” holders get the most benefit of a prosperous One evening student candidly admitted that, time. And in times of difficulty, they’re the last even while she was taking an ethics class, her day ones to really feel the extreme pain.” job had her busy sharpening the axe for layoffs. Another student chimed in. “Growing up “Before the current pandemic, I hate to admit you learn that, like, you know, the Bill Gateses, that some of these choices and analyses were far the Bezoses, the Elon Musks—they’re gonna easier for me to do,” she said. “It was for the good be the people who make life better. And they of the company and it was good for me profes- will, but they’re not gonna protect you.” It was sionally. Now as I look around and see friends and something of a gray epiphany. The student family personally affected by other companies admired such men, yet he seemed to perceive deciding to furlough employees, I feel personally that their self-interested pursuits were funda- conflicted about the work I am doing. Did it take mentally indifferent to his welfare. “The in- personal appeals to make me feel differently?” novators, the creators are the people that we That it did for her, and for many other students, should look to for answers and, you know, for is not an indictment of their professional experi- the most part, for innovation—but for protec- ence or the scope of their education so much as tion and safety, maybe not.” an acknowledgment of their blind spots. George I pressed him on what this revelation meant Orwell writes of these in The Road to Wigan Pier, for him. On my screen, a grin appeared: “I found his coruscating account of the lives of coal miners the flaw in my ideology.” in 1930s Britain. Allowing that most Englishmen This was the same admission Alan Greenspan are fine with miners enduring hellish hardships made at the height of the 2008 financial crisis in deep beneath the earth to keep their own accom- an episode we discussed at the outset of the course. modations toasty, Orwell observes, “most of the For the former Fed chair, the “flaw” in his thinking time, of course, we should prefer to forget that was his absolute fidelity to the belief that free mar- they were doing it.” He continues: “It is so with kets police themselves efficiently. For my students, all types of manual work; it keeps us alive, and we the flaw they wrestled with was not technical in are oblivious of its existence. More than anyone nature but something closer to a moral failing. Yes, else, perhaps, the miner can stand as the type of capitalism will do a lot of great things, but espe- the manual worker, not only because his work is cially if you are poor and vulnerable, protecting so exaggeratedly awful, but also because it is so you is not one of them. vitally necessary and yet so remote from our expe- These Booth students, to my knowledge, were rience, so invisible, as it were, that we are capable neither poor nor especially vulnerable. But for of forgetting it as we forget the blood in our veins.” many of them, the business of business was no This kind of forgetfulness, so blessed to the longer what it had seemed just a few months ear- blessed, such a curse to the afflicted, is one ca- lier. COVID-19 has made brutally unavoidable sualty of the current pandemic. So is its implica- the moral and practical limits of the blinkered tion for the comforting fictions we tell ourselves pursuit of self-interest—a lesson, I suspect, that about the munificence of free markets. This is will remain with them long after the pandemic true, at least, for many of my students, and not has lifted. How exactly they apply it to their own simply those who seem on the cusp of declaring lives is another uncertainty, one whose resolu- themselves outright socialists. tion will shape the system we spent the quarter For instance, toward the end of my class, one scrutinizing and lay the groundwork for the next student who appeared far more sympathetic than chapter in the ethics of business. ◆ most of his peers to the aspirational elements of capitalism noted an uncomfortable irony. In good John Paul Rollert, AM’09, PhD’17, is an adjunct as- times, the benefi s of the system start at the top sistant professor of behavioral science at the Uni- and trickle down, but in bad, the pain bubbles versity of Chicago Booth School of Business.

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UCH_Rollert_v6.indd 39 8/11/20 6:13 PM SOCIETY

RACISM, POLICING, AND PROTEST Five faculty members on a critical moment in US history.

BY SUSIE ALLEN, AB’09, AND Photography by Anne Ryan LAURA DEMANSKI, AM’94 ILLUSTRATIONS BY JOHN JAY CABUAY

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 40 8/13/20 2:22 PM he killing of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police in May sparked protests across the United States and moved racial disparities in policing to the center of the na- tional conversation. In June and July we spoke with five UChicago faculty members who have long been part of the intersecting dia- logues on police reform and racism in the United States. Three address why we’ve remained entrenched in a cycle of misconduct and outrage—and whether the protests of 2020 offer a pathway out. Two discuss the protests in broader his- Ttorical contexts, specifically the civil rights movement and White supremacy. Their comments have been edited and condensed.

CRAIG FUTTERMAN

WE HAVE WRONGLY DEMANDED POLICE DO THINGS THAT THEY ARE ILL-SUITED TO DO.

Craig Futterman, a clinical professor I want to start by addressing one at the University of Chicago Law of the central premises of the School, founded and leads the Civil current dialogue: Does policing Rights and Police Accountability actually keep us safe? Project of the Mandel Legal Aid Clinic. He was instrumental in the An important place to start is, who is release of video footage from the that “us”? For Black, Brown, and poor fatal 2014 Chicago police shooting communities—the answer for all too of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald, many people has been no. Indeed, the and continues to advocate for police presence actually instills terror Photography by Anne Ryan greater police accountability. In in many young Black and Brown folks. June he won a case, with the City The question itself, however, is unfair of Chicago, against the Chicago to the police, because it rests on a widely Lodge of the Fraternal Order of shared myth that police are the end-all Police preventing the destruction and be-all solution to problems of public of years of records related to police safety. We have wrongly demanded police

Christopher Dilts/Sipa USA/Newscom Dilts/Sipa Christopher misconduct.—S. A. do things that they are ill-suited to do.

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 41 8/13/20 2:23 PM Previous pages: A July 1 protest in Chicago’s Uptown neighborhood in response to George Floyd’s killing by police.

Police may be well suited to respond- ficiently empowered and resourced to Some activists are arguing ing to an incident of serious violence or perform high-quality investigations. that we’ve tried reforms, and investigating a serious crime, but the We know that police abuse is a highly they haven’t worked. But it vast majority of things that we ask po- patterned phenomenon, and yet many sounds like you’re saying we lice to do involve resolving interpersonal police contracts prohibit police depart- haven’t really tried them. Is conflict, addressing public health issues ments from looking at patterns of com- that fair? such as drug and alcohol addiction, and plaints against officers. intervening in mental health crises. My clinic at UChicago just won a case That’s exactly fair. Pretty much every- When you’re a hammer, everything before the Illinois Supreme Court. The thing that I’ve said hasn’t been tried: I looks like a nail. And the police ham- police union was seeking to destroy, can count on one hand civilian over- mers of arrest and force are not the right pursuant to their contract, hundreds of sight agencies that are truly indepen- tools to treat poverty, unemployment, thousands of records of police miscon- dent from their municipalities and that homelessness, conflict among neigh- duct—to destroy the ability to identify have the power and resources to actu- bors, drug addiction, and mental illness. and root out officers engaged in patterns ally do high-quality investigations. of abuse, to prevent people in the com- There’s not a police department in What do you see as the major munity from ensuring that our govern- the nation that has committed to using barriers to police reform? ment is working in the public interest. pattern evidence of misconduct. Every police chief in urban America will say, The lack of accountability is a prima- Some activists are calling for “5 percent of my force is responsible ry impediment to real change. With- drastic changes to policing, for more than half of my problems,” out accountability, officers know they including the abolition of but they won’t use that information can abuse people and not lose their police departments. What do and do what police departments are jobs or be prosecuted. A culture and you think? actually pretty good at doing, which reality of accountability can make a is investigations. dramatic difference. We need to fundamentally rethink the I also don’t want to play small way we do policing in America and ball and just say reform. Even if we how we think of public safety. had a police department with per- There are also many concrete things fect accountability, we still need to THE LACK OF that we can do—the low-hanging fruit fundamentally rethink how we are ACCOUNTABILITY that has long existed, but that we as a addressing violence in America. What IS A PRIMARY nation have lacked the political will to I said at the outset of the conversation implement. There are commonsense still remains true, and that is, looking IMPEDIMENT TO reforms to addressing accountability, to police to solve social problems that REAL CHANGE. transparency, the code of silence, and the they don’t have the answers to solve racism that exists in police departments. just re-creates the systemic problems And while holding officers account- that we continue to have. Policing in America and beyond has able, being honest, and eliminating un- been incredibly resistant to public scru- necessary negative encounters don’t Does it surprise you how tiny. There’s an entrenched culture and sound particularly sexy, they would dramatically the conversation mindset that protects its own—“nobody be transformational in and of them- around policing has shifted in understands us but us.” This can breed selves. There have been innumerable such a short time? an “us against them” mentality and scandals and gestures toward reform makes departments closed to the very in the midst of political crises. But Generations of Black and Brown folks communities they are sworn to serve. when the crisis subsides, our heads have known about these issues because While there are examples around turn elsewhere, leaving us perhaps they’ve been living with the reality of the United States of so-called indepen- with something like more body cam- systemic police abuse and systemic dent agencies to investigate police mis- eras, while the underlying condition of racism since before I was born. What’s conduct, the reality is that they’re not police impunity in Black communities new is a much more widespread awak- so independent and they are not suf- remains unaddressed. ening in White America.

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 42 8/13/20 2:23 PM I’ve seen in my lifetime dramatic bility. At the same time, though, I don’t progress when it comes to racial jus- want to be delusional. This present tice, but with each step forward, we’ve moment doesn’t have to have a happy also seen a powerful backlash. ending. If we’ve learned anything, it’s As we have this conversation today, I that the only way positive, sustained see so much hope and beauty and possi- change occurs is if we make it occur.

SHARON FAIRLEY

Sharon Fairley, JD’06, is a professor from How does civilian oversight fit practice at the University of Chicago into broader police reform and Law School who spent eight years as accountability efforts, and how a federal prosecutor in the US Attor- effective has it been? THIS MOMENT ney’s Office for the Northern District of Illinois. In December 2015 Fairley The concept of civilian oversight has HAS PROMPTED was appointed chief administrator of been around for a long time. If you SERIOUS Chicago’s Independent Police Review look at Chicago, in the early 20th cen- Authority, the agency responsible for tury there were civilian inspectors who AND HONEST police misconduct investigations. The were responsible for investigating com- CONVERSATIONS agency later became the Civilian Office plaints of misconduct by the police de- OF A KIND of Police Accountability (COPA). Since partment. But the concept has evolved stepping down from that role in 2017, over the decades. The first real civilian THAT WERE Fairley has advocated for changes that oversight entity cropped up in Wash- JUST NOT would strengthen COPA’s oversight ington, DC, in 1948. Then it became a powers.—L. D. national movement that took hold in HAPPENING the 1970s and ’80s and flourished from BEFORE. You published a paper early there into different types of oversight. this year that said we were in There are entities that just provide a re- a watershed era for civilian view function, entities that investigate. oversight of police. What do you Over time greater sophistication is be- think now? Are you hopeful? ing built into these systems. Still, when you look at Minneapolis, I think this moment has prompted they had a civilian oversight entity op- serious and honest conversations of a erating there. So the question is, why kind that were just not happening be- doesn’t civilian oversight do a better fore: about policing, policing strategy, job of preventing police brutality and policing’s impact on certain communi- police misconduct? ties. There seems to be more openness Usually a city will start with one form to consider the kind of fundamental of oversight and find out that just isn’t reform that was just dismissed before, enough. One thing that came out in my that wasn’t thought of as being pos- research was that the most prevalent sible. So I am hopeful. form of civilian oversight is the review

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 43 8/13/20 4:23 PM board. That’s where a group of indi- that somebody like Chicago’s mayor tion can be very helpful by creating a vidual civilians review the internal in- faces, they have to balance pushing national consensus on some of the big- vestigations that are conducted by the through reforms while maintaining the ger topics. One of the most important department itself. That is often the most support of the officers who are required is qualified immunity and the barrier benign form of civilian oversight; they to do the work. This is often a very, very it creates. don’t usually have a lot of power. They difficult balance to reach. But these are At the state level, there are two ar- can make recommendations, but they challenges we have to take on. eas of reform that I think are impor- can’t push through reform from a policy Civilian oversight is always going tant. The first is the state laws that perspective or make specific disciplin- to draw resistance from the police govern the use of force. Most of them ary recommendations that a department unions. That’s going to be an ever- are terrible. California changed theirs is required to observe. present barrier. There’s always going last year and made some significant Some of the more forward-thinking to be pushback against reform, so we headway. Washington State, as I men- jurisdictions are creating multitiered have to have the mettle to stand up tioned, improved theirs. But Illinois’s systems that allow their review enti- and persist. Good things really can are god-awful. ties to conduct their own investiga- happen. Washington State recently Second is the law enforcement offi- tions, audit police investigations, and changed their use-of-force law. That cer bill of rights legislation that many make specific disciplinary recom- legislation arose from a robust ac- states have, which provides due pro- mendations. They’re creating a more tivist effort. An activist community cess for law enforcement officers. They robust set of checks and balances to formed and did the hard work to get started in the ’70s to ensure officers work in an integrated way. weren’t being fired or disciplined for political reasons. But they evolved in a Your paper identifies a cycle THERE’S ALWAYS way that has served as an impediment that limits police reform efforts: to accountability. scandal, reform, repeat. What GOING TO BE would you look for as signs that PUSHBACK How do you think about the role the cycle is finally breaking? AGAINST REFORM, of racism in policing? It all boils down to one thing: trust. To SO WE HAVE TO Historically we know the concept break the cycle, there has to be a system HAVE THE METTLE of municipal policing, at least in the in place that the community believes in— South, arose out of the slave posses, so that it trusts is providing effective over- TO STAND UP we start there. You also have to look at sight, making good decisions, and being AND PERSIST. the evolution of policing over the past transparent. That’s really the crux of few decades—the concept of police as the issue. So when a scandal occurs, the warriors, which creates an us versus community says, we trust them to do a an initiative on the ballot. They lob- them mentality. It creates a culture good job. They’ll do a good investigation. bied for it, it won the support of vot- that dovetails with systemic racism They’ll make the right decision. They’ll ers, and the legislature codified the and amplifies it. hold the officer accountable. As long as change into law. Things can happen Decades ago, the beat cop walked the community lacks trust that the offi- when we have the right energy and around the neighborhood and knew cer will be held accountable, we’re going focus on the right issues. That’s why I everybody. Then officers were put into to see the same cycle over and over again. have some optimism. cars and there was less of a connection. There was the militarization of police What are the biggest obstacles, Your paper looks at a particular officers and equipment beginning in and how do you keep the faith? kind of local effort. How much the late 1960s. The broken windows do federal and state legislation theory in the 1970s contended that Police reform is really hard. It takes a lot stand to help? stopping people for small infractions of courage and wherewithal on the part would reduce more serious crimes. of city leaders—and it takes resources. There’s opportunity for reform at all That unfortunately took root through- When you think about the challenges levels of government. Federal legisla- out policing across the nation, starting

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 44 8/13/20 2:24 PM in New York and Los Angeles, and was the precursor to stop and frisk, which started us down the path of overpolic- ing some communities. It’s all of these WILLIAM BAUDE AN OFFICER factors coming together: systemic rac- ism, general trends in policing, the way ONLY VIOLATES that policing started, culture within CLEARLY organizations, all of it. Like the per- ESTABLISHED fect storm. LAW IF THEY ARE What is your view of calls to EITHER PLAINLY defund the police? INCOMPETENT The “defund” word is a little polariz- OR KNOWINGLY ing. I don’t love the word, but it’s a re- VIOLATE THE ally important concept. Which is, let’s take the limited resources we have in LAW. THAT’S our community and make sure we are THE TEST. expending them in the most effec- tive way to address the public safety challenges that we face. UChicago’s own Crime Lab has done a lot of work William Baude, SB’04, is a professor and seeds of what’s now the qualified im- showing that sometimes dollars are Aaron Director Research Scholar at munity doctrine in a case called Pierson better spent on social programs, af- the University of Chicago Law School, v. Ray. Chief Justice Earl Warren said ter-school programs, job programs, where he teaches about federal courts, that when you sue a government official mental health support, and other so- constitutional law, and conflicts of law. for doing something unconstitutional, cial services. In 2018 he wrote what he expected you can’t get damages against them if We need more evidence-based ap- would be a little-noticed paper on qual- they arrested someone in good faith. proaches to how we expend our re- ified immunity, the doctrine that grants Over the next 15 years, the court ex- sources to best address public safety. government officials, including police panded the doctrine in various ways. There’s some experimentation going officers, broad immunity from civil Then in 1982, in a case called Harlow v. on—communities that are trying to suits. Instead the paper sparked new Fitzgerald, the court codified this as the create a group of responders who can dialogue on the 40-year-old doctrine; modern qualified immunity doctrine respond to people with mental health in recent months, qualified immunity and said you have to show that an offi- crises so you don’t have to have an of- has become a particular focus of police cer has violated clearly established law. ficer showing up with a gun to do that. reform efforts. On June 4 Rep. Justin How do you determine how many Amash (L-MI) introduced to Congress How has the court interpreted police officers you need? It’s a difficult a bill to end qualified immunity; as of what “clearly established” question, and there is no established this writing, its fate is uncertain.—S. A. means? scientific way to answer it. Over the years, politicians go to the easy solu- How long has the doctrine There are many cases and many for- tion when there’s a crime problem, of qualified immunity been mulations. One that I think puts it which is to add more police. Then they around? quite well is that an officer only vio- can point to something they’ve done. lates clearly established law if they are Now we have to ask, does this make After the Civil War in 1871, Congress either plainly incompetent or know- sense? Are there tasks we’re asking enacted a statute that lets you sue state ingly violate the law. That’s the test. police offi rs to do that could be ef- officials who violate the law. That re- There are two ways you can be found fectively done by another resource? mained on the books until 1967, when to have violated fully established law. Those are valid questions. the Supreme Court first planted the One is to have a previous case that said,

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 45 8/13/20 2:24 PM this action is unconstitutional. You can I think it’s not a coincidence that In a world without qualified immuni- also be found to have violated clearly the seeds of the doctrine were first ty, what happens to individual govern- established law if the action is just so planted by Chief Justice Warren, who ment officials probably wouldn’t change obviously unconstitutional, so egre- recognized a lot of new rights, and very much. Usually police officers and gious, that it’s clearly established at a probably was aware that being able other government officials are indem- more abstract level. to do that—being able to say, for ex- nified either by insurance companies In practice, courts usually insist on ample, the police have to read you Mi- or their employers. They don’t typically the first, not the second. This comes randa warnings—would be a lot easier pay judgments against them personally up a lot in the policing context, and if you could promise people that they and that probably wouldn’t change. But especially the use of excessive force wouldn’t be held liable if they’d acted it would mean that the police depart- against civilians. in good faith. ment, the city, and the taxpayers would I’d argue that at this point we’re not actually recognize all the costs that What are the arguments in favor recognizing a lot of new rights, so I’m come from unconstitutional conduct, of qualified immunity? not sure qualified immunity applies to and then might have more of an incen- them very often. tive to think, why are we doing this and I think there are three major categories. is there some way we can fix it? One is, it’s been here for a long time, so if Why do you think qualified And finally, there’s an argument, it isn’t broke, don’t fix it. Changing the immunity needs to be reformed? somewhere in between practical and system would impose real costs. theoretical, that qualified immunity is A second thing advocates would say There’s a legal point and then a practi- ultimately a double standard. If you or I is that government officials generally, cal point. The legal point is that Con- violate the law, there’s a rule that igno- and police particularly, are frequently gress is the one that decided to create rance of the law is no excuse. We can’t forced into situations where they have go into court and say, gee, the law is re- to make split-second decisions, so it’s ally complicated and I just didn’t realize not fair to flyspeck every choice they IF ANYBODY IS this was inappropriate, or I was acting make. We put a lot of society’s prob- in good faith, so I shouldn’t get in trou- lems on the police and expect them to SUPPOSED TO ble. You or I can get into a lot of trouble solve it when they don’t have the train- KNOW THE LAW, even when we’re acting in good faith. ing and resources to be able to do that. But police officers and other gov- They would argue qualified immunity YOU’D THINK IT ernment officials are held to a lower is a recognition of that problem. WOULD BE THE standard. If anything, you might think A lot of that’s true. But I’m not sure PEOPLE WHO ARE they’d be held to a higher standard we’re doing the police any favors by say- since they’re trained to know what the ing it doesn’t really matter whether they ENFORCING IT law is. If anybody is supposed to know violate the law. Maybe we should rethink WITH GUNS. the law, you’d think it would be the the legal rules and maybe we should pro- people who are enforcing it with guns. vide training and resources to make sure that people comply with the law. remedies for the violations of people’s How important of a barrier to The third argument often made in civil rights. They didn’t decide to put police reform is this in the grand defense of qualified immunity is that qualified immunity in there. It’s not scheme of things? it’s actually important for helping the court’s job to take statutes and courts recognize new rights. Every amend them by adding things they It’s hard to say. The problems are time the court recognizes a new right, think would be a good idea. systemic, so the solutions have to be one thing they have to think about is, The practical problem is that it re- systemic—and qualified immunity’s ef- well, what happens to everybody who moves one of our main systems of ac- fects are systemic, so it’s an important wasn’t acting in accordance with that countability. It means that nobody’s piece of the puzzle. But I can’t imagine before? That might make it harder for responsible for worrying about wheth- that it alone would be enough. the Supreme Court to ever recognize er police officers are compliant with Another important institutional new rights. the law. problem is police unions, which make

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 46 8/13/20 2:30 PM it very, very hard to take measures to discipline or remove officers who do something wrong. You can imagine those two reforms working in concert. KATHLEEN BELEW Without qualified immunity, a govern- ment would have more incentive to do something about its bad officers. But without, say, union reform, it might Kathleen Belew is an assistant professor not have the ability to do something of history. Her first book, Bring the War about it. Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America (Harvard Univer- Why was qualified immunity sity Press, 2018), explored the origins of seized on as an instrument of the White power movement.—S. A. reform? How did White supremacy I have no idea why, but I do think it has come to be, in many ways, two features that make it seem wrong the organizing principle of as a matter of common sense. One is, American society? we’re told the Constitution is the high- est law and that everybody has to obey Who is White, and what Whiteness is, the Constitution. With qualified im- are socially constructed and histori- WHITENESS, munity, the steps are, did you violate cally mutable. Whiteness, as most of AS MOST OF US the Constitution and then do we care? us have probably come to understand There’s something weird about having it and internalize it, is really a 20th- HAVE PROBABLY a step that asks, do we care about vio- century product. That’s where we see COME TO lating the Constitution? You’d think, of the coming together of a whole bunch UNDERSTAND course we care about the Constitution. of ethnic groups in the United States, The second thing that makes it stick like the Irish, the Italian, and many IT AND out is the double standard, the sense that others, who were not thought of as INTERNALIZE the police are literally above the law and White in their earlier history, into the formally given a privilege to ignore the more rigid category that we have now. IT, IS REALLY A law that ordinary people don’t have. White supremacy is bigger than this 20TH-CENTURY category of Whiteness, and it’s much PRODUCT. Is there anything about qualified bigger than individual belief or indi- immunity worth saving? vidual interpretation. I think of it as all of the systems, histories, beliefs, When the court recognizes a new and mechanisms that create unequal right, some sort of good faith doctrine outcomes based on race. would make sense. Only a few years ago, the Supreme Court recognized You study the organized the right to same-sex marriage. I don’t White power movement. think it would make a lot of sense if When and how did it emerge people could sue county officials who in its modern form? the day before the ruling were follow- ing Supreme Court precedent. Rec- The White power movement is a coor- ognizing that kind of true good faith dinated social movement beginning in situation would make a lot of sense. the late 1970s and stretching into the But expanding it to a general warrant present that brought together Klans- to ignore the law is the bigger problem. men, neo-Nazis, tax defectors, violent

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 47 8/13/20 2:31 PM White separatists, followers of White start to see it that way, we start to see a and started to think about how you can theologies, and then later on skinheads rise in activity, and I think it’s important have an open heart and no individual and militiamen in an overtly antigov- for understanding the sense of urgency prejudice but still be benefi ting from ernment social movement. that this should demand. these systems. It was a crusher. Its largest act of violence, so far, was But it’s also not a matter of interpre- the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, We’re now seeing White power tation; it’s a matter of historical fact. which was the most deadly mass ca- groups using social media in And I believe that understanding the sualty event on American soil between really savvy ways—to the point history is one of the ways that people Pearl Harbor and 9/11. The bombing they can claim it’s just a joke can work for a more fair world. Facing is still something that I think most or just trolling. How can we difficult histories isn’t easy, but Uni- people don’t really understand as the confront that? versity of Chicago students are never work of an organized social movement, afraid of a task that isn’t easy. but the White power movement is an The way I teach my students to think organized social movement, with ev- about this particular question is that You previously did research erything from hit lists and ideological White power has always worked in an on truth and reconciliation screeds to shared childcare and home- opportunistic fashion. It has always efforts. How does that affect school curriculum. used the prevailing local culture to your perspective on what we’re It is a wide-ranging group of people grab as many people as it can. seeing today? that in all ways, other than race, is quite In the 1920s, when the Klan was diverse, from all regions of the country, four million people and 10 percent of I actually came into my first book, all ages, and with all kinds of different the state of Indiana, that era is char- on White power, by looking at a 2005 educational backgrounds. acterized not only by what you would truth and reconciliation commission expect now, meaning White suprema- underway in Greensboro, North Caro- Why have we failed to recognize cism, racism, nativism, and violence, lina, around an act of violence commit- the White power movement but also by 1920s cultural markers. If ted in 1979 by Klan and Nazi gunmen as a movement? you look at a woman’s Klan uniform, that had never been adequately pros- it’s slim cut, it shows a bit of ankle, it’s ecuted or responded to by the com- The White power movement adopted a very fashion forward for the time. The munity. At that time, there had been no strategy in the early 1980s called lead- Klan figured out how to be cool. national conversation about a lot of the erless resistance that is very similar to Similarly, in the 1980s, you see them racial violence in our nation’s history. cell-style terrorism. The idea is that one wearing camo-fatigue uniforms a lot. Strikingly, if you look at other coun- or a few activists could work together in That’s partly operational. It’s also be- tries that have had deeply entrenched a cell that would be coordinated with cause people thought camo fatigues systems of White supremacist govern- other cells in common cause, but with- were cool in the ’80s. When we see tiki ment, racial violence, and racial in- out communication directly between torches and polo shirts in Charlottes- equality, all of them, unlike the United cells or with movement leadership. ville, Virginia, when we see Hawaiian States, have had national comings to- They adopted that strategy largely be- shirts now, all of that is activists figur- gether around what that means and cause of frustrations with federal infil- ing out how they can opportunistically what agreed-upon history we should tration in the civil rights era. The much use the present moment. tell about what happened. larger and more cataclysmic aftermath I think that the focus on monu- effect of leaderless resistance has been What is it like to teach about ments and memorials today is one of that we, as a society, have lost sight of these issues? the places where this conversation is White power as a movement at all. What unfolding, but it’s unfolding at a lot of we get instead are a whole bunch of sto- For each person it’s a different set of pro- levels, big and small. ries about lone wolf gunmen or a few cesses. Some students come into class A truth and reconciliation commis- bad apples that aren’t connected with aware of the idea of this history already, sion process also does important work each other, when in fact what we’re and others don’t. I mean, I can speak for in figuring out the common story that dealing with is a broad-ranging and far- myself: in college I read George Lipsitz’s we tell together, as a country, about who reaching social movement. When we The Possessive Investment in Whiteness, we are and what we’re doing. We’re a

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 48 8/13/20 2:32 PM country that has huge claims about life, not just happen out of goodwill. liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, Those rights were fought for. They but those claims were only made, at the were organized for. They were de- founding of our nation, for free property- manded. I think the American promise owning white men, and the expansion of is an imperfect promise and fighting those claims to include other groups— for the expansion of those rights to in- non-property-owning people, women, clude more people is one of the things people of color, Indigenous people—did that we’re seeing on the streets.

ADAM GREEN

Adam Green, AB’85, is an associate pro- cesses—seized land that encompassed fessor of history. He studies modern literally the entirety of the country, and US history, African American history, cotton grown through slavery—then it’s and urban history. He is the author of hard to imagine the country reckoning Selling the Race: Culture and Commu- with that heritage in anything other nity in Black Chicago, 1940–1955. (Uni- than a violent way. versity of Chicago Press, 2007) and a The racial past of this country is THE PROCESS coeditor of Time Longer than Rope: A no easy heritage to reckon with. It’s a OF THE COUNTRY Century of African American Activism, heritage steeped in the domination of 1850–1950 (New York University Press, some people over others. It’s a heritage BECOMING 2003). —S. A. steeped in oppression. It’s a heritage THE COUNTRY that’s steeped in blood. WAS ALWAYS Why do we, as a nation, struggle We keep coming back to the same is- so much to talk about our sues, the same dynamics, and the same ONE OF ERASING racial history? resentments because to face the past HISTORY. truthfully in this country would be in- That’s a complicated question. Part of credibly painful. it is, of course, that the United States was founded in a forceful and some- Is it important to have an times violent process of taking land agreed-on public narrative that was occupied. The process of the about national history? And is country becoming the country was al- that enough? ways one of erasing history. The other primary legacy of vio- If you give people a radically different lence was that slavery became instru- sense of the past, an honest sense of the mental to the growth of the country past, if they grow uncomfortable—by economically. Cotton and sugar were itself that changes nothing. It doesn’t among the first major global commodi- hold institutions to account and mean ties of the modern era and became the they immediately stop doing their work basis of America’s economic wealth. in ways that are structurally and sys- When you think about those two pro- tematically racist.

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 49 8/13/20 4:23 PM But it does set the basis for people Remembering any historical event is in about the current protests is the num- to have to actively ask themselves, am many ways a struggle and in some cases bers. We’ve seen tens of thousands of I committed to affirming the human- a fight. The fact that people are invoking people marching simultaneously in ity of every person in my society? Am Martin Luther King—one must remem- cities across the country. Even at the I going to work to make sure that a ber that by 1965, the majority of White height of the civil rights movement, I’m police department or a university or a Americans disapproved of Martin Lu- not sure you had this intensity of mo- church or a real estate company or an ther King. Once he began to ally him- bilization. Some of this has to do with employer are similarly recognizing the self with more challenging causes like social media being able to move peo- humanity of all people? protesting the Vietnam War or under- ple, some of this has to do with young people who are profoundly politicized, Have we ever made meaningful some of it has to do with COVID-19. efforts to reckon with our I THINK THIS Whatever it is, what is happening is its national history? own unique moment in our national IS ONE OF THE history. I think this is one of the most We’ve certainly never had a process MOST PROFOUND profound moments of political mobili- equivalent to what took place in South zation that we’ve ever seen. Africa after apartheid or what was done MOMENTS OF in Rwanda after the genocide to estab- POLITICAL How does this moment strike lish collective understandings about MOBILIZATION you as a historian? the atrocities that had taken place. It’s been close to 30 years since Rwanda un- THAT WE’VE One way to think about it is this: the derwent its genocide, and many people EVER SEEN. March on Washington and the work there are still dedicated to that work. of eventually passing the Civil Rights In the United States, there have been Act began in 1963. That year was the discussions, proposals, and presiden- standing the linkages between racism 100th anniversary of the Emancipa- tial commissions, but there’s never and poverty in the United States, even tion Proclamation, and people were been a commitment on the part of more people moved away from him. imagining the Civil Rights Act was this the government and leading institu- One of the things that’s been stressed new opportunity to fulfill the promise tions—including, it has to be said here, by opponents of the protests—most of of the country. There was a sense that universities—to seriously try to pursue them on the right but not all—has been a new generation was picking up the something like truth and reconcilia- this idea that these protests are unruly, struggle and would complete it. Fifty tion, or, for that matter, reparations. they’re disorderly, they’re destructive, years later, we see how incomplete that The truth is uncomfortable. I think they are too angry in the ways in which process was. it’s very important to state it simply: they’re confronting the police. This current moment is a tremen- We’ve lived by lies to this point, by and That probably recommends going dous opportunity, and these opportu- large. We’ve believed the lie that this is back and thinking about moments of nities do not come often in life. In my a country of democracy, this is a coun- anger that were instrumental in the lifetime I don’t think that there’s been try of equality, rather than a country civil rights movement itself: the indig- a better opportunity to press these is- that’s never faced up to its heritage of nation that someone like Rosa Parks sues. But I also have no illusions about slavery. Now we’re testing ourselves as felt; the anger in Mississippi at the the depth of the fight. to whether or not we have the courage lynching of Emmett Till and the killing I’m moved by it; I’m inspired by it; to replace those lies with truth. of civil rights leaders over the course and, I have to say, I feel tasked by it as of 1955 while organizing to secure the a historian. The thing to do is not to On both the right and the left, vote; the anger expressed in 1963 af- look around and say, wow, everybody’s people are making comparisons ter the bombing of the Birmingham, mind is changed and now we’re going between the civil rights Alabama, 16th Street Baptist Church. to have a new society. We’re in the movement of the 1960s and this Anger has always been a very, very middle of a battle, and I feel like what moment. What do you think of important part of what spurs protest. we’re faced with is the responsibility those comparisons? Something that has to be marked to do our best. ◆

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UCH_RaceAndPolicing_v9.indd 50 8/13/20 4:24 PM PEER REVIEW WHAT ALUMNI ARE THINKING AND DOING

NATATORIAL MEMORIAL The Ida Noyes Hall swimming pool, an all-women’s facility at the time of this 1953 photo, remained in use for another half century. It was a favorite of early-bird swimmers and the water polo club, even after men’s and women’s aquatic sports were both accommodated at Bartlett when it was still a gym. Ida Noyes’s pool outlasted Bartlett’s, closing in 2003 when the Ratner Athletics Center opened.

52 54 74 76 Notes and Alumni News Advanced Deaths Releases Degrees UChicago Photographic Archive, apf4-00880, University of Chicago Library Chicago of apf4-00880,University Archive, Photographic UChicago

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Summer 2020 Peer Review Opener V7.indd 51 8/12/20 10:56 AM NOTES A SELECTION OF ALUMNI WHOSE NAMES ARE IN THE NEWS

MAROON THROUGH AND THROUGH Rosalie Resch, AB’73, became UChicago’s interim director of athletics and recreation on July 1, replacing Erin McDermott, who left for a post as Harvard’s athletics director. The longest serving member of the University’s athletics staff, Resch got her start as a triple varsity student- athlete, competing for the Maroons in volleyball, softball, and badminton. She went on to head the women’s volleyball team for two decades, becoming the winningest head coach in the program’s history. She has also served in multiple administrative roles, most recently as se- nior associate athletic director for finance and internal operations.

HEAD COACH MOTHER OF HUBBLE’S EYE IN THE SKY In July Craig M. Robinson, MBA’91, was NASA’s Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope has been named for the space selected to lead the National Association agency’s first chief astronomer, Nancy Grace Roman, PhD’49 (1925–2018). Roman, of Basketball Coaches (NABC). Robinson shown circa 1972 at the Goddard Space Flight Center, where the new telescope becomes the fifth executive director in is in development, earned the name “Mother of Hubble” for her leadership and the men’s college basketball organiza- vision overseeing plans for the world’s first large space-based optical telescope, tion’s 93-year history. Previously a head launched 30 years ago. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will follow its coach at Brown University and Oregon predecessor into the cosmos in the mid-2020s to search for exoplanets and inves- State University, he joins the NABC after tigate astronomical mysteries like dark matter and dark energy. serving as the New York Knicks’ vice president of player development and minor league operations. industry” by diversifying its leadership research on urgent topics, such as the ranks. At the National Book Foundation, COVID-19 pandemic, and continue help- AUTHOR WITH AN ANGLE where she’ll remain as executive director ing students channel their business tool John Gubbins, AM’73, won a 2020 through the National Book Award season kit toward the social good. Independent Publisher Book Award for this fall, she is credited with raising that The American Fly Fishing Experience: organization’s profile in part by cham- GRADUATION GIFT Theodore Gordon, His Lost Flies and Last pioning writers of color. As head of the UChicago trustee Frank Baker, AB’94, Sentiments (independently published, Pantheon and Schocken imprints, Lucas and his wife, Laura Day Baker, made 2019). Gubbins’s biography of Gordon hopes to help the publishing industry headlines when they announced in May (1854–1914), who pioneered American dry make strides in the same direction. that they would pay the tuition balances fly-fishing in the Catskills, received the of some 50 graduating seniors at Spelman bronze medal for best regional nonfiction COLLEAGUES IN INNOVATION College. Working with the president of in the US Northeast category. The book Christina Hachikian, AB’02, MBA’07, the historically Black all-women’s college, was also a finalist for a Next Generation formerly the founding executive director the Bakers identified a group of students Indie Book Award. Gubbins’s research of Chicago Booth’s Rustandy Center for who needed financial assistance to finis included fishing like Gordon in New York Social Sector Innovation, has transitioned their degrees. “The people who my heart and Michigan, his own home state. to a full-time clinical faculty role at Booth. really goes out to are women in their se- Hachikian helped launch the Rustandy nior year who can’t afford it anymore and MAKING AN IMPRINT Center in 2012 as a hub for social impact have to drop out,” Frank Baker said, noting Lisa Lucas, AB’01, is set to become the research and social entrepreneurship. The the students’ resiliency. “These are the NASA courtesy Photo new publisher of Pantheon and Schocken center’s new executive director, Caroline women we need in the workforce. They are Books in early 2021. The New York Times Grossman, MBA’03, was formerly its going to make a difference.” The Bakers described her appointment as part of a senior director of programs and global have pledged $1 million to continue their wave of recent hires in publishing that initiatives. In her new role, Grossman will support for Spelman seniors. “stand to fundamentally change the expand on her work supporting faculty —Andrew Peart, AM’16, PhD’18

52 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

Notes and Releases_Layout_Summer 20_v10.indd 52 8/12/20 3:54 PM

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- an

8/12/20 3:55 PM8/12/20 3:55 PM 53 -

saysStewart , AM’14., t, “turns on “turns t, fi SUMMER 2020 SUMMER excavates the the excavates , AB’91,, and poetry | nalinstallment aof Jennifer Wisner Wisner Jennifer rstFurious Flower fi JoanneGabbin V. fi , AB’99,, and English Lauren Schachter, PhD’19 Schachter, Lauren Korey Williams Korey Rick PerlsteinRick Tyehimba Jess Tyehimba , a staffa , attorneydomesticwitha —AndrewPeart, AM’16, PhD’18, and English professor Chanda Feldman Chanda our-volume history of modern American modern of history our-volume PhD student student PhD STONESKIMMERS: STORIES BkMk JD’96; Kelly, Wisner Jennifer By Pressatthe University Missouri–of 2019 City, Kansas theirFrom nearby hangout, cliquea of highschoolers Connecticuttony a in villageclassmatea watch swim every acrossday thelocal reservoir. Her myste riousnessbecomes siren’scalla forone them.of Following thisgroup from ado lescenceadulthood, to each story thisin debutcollection from Kelly nonpro advocacy violence Soundfamiliar? theIn conservatismthatbegan withhis2001 bookonBarry Goldwater, journalist and historian contemporary America’s of seedbed Books/Northwestern TriQuarterly UniversityPress, 2020 Sinceorganizing the PoetryConference 1994in honor to poet GwendolynBrooks, James Madison Univer sity disturbance violent often unexplained, an theinitslives of characters,” O’Nan,whoselected thebook fortheG. S. Fiction. Short for Prize Chandra Sharat f landscape. political FUTURE THE SEEDING FLOWER: FURIOUS POETRY AMERICAN AFRICAN OF EditedJoanne by Gabbin, V. AM’70, PhD’80,and Lauren K. Alleyne; cades”thetradition.of Entries include by hasgathered Blackdozensof poets for twomore major summits, most recently theFuriousat FlowerPoetry Center she establishedpromote to Black poetry’s visibilityAmericanin letters. Inthisthird anthologyspawned theproject, by the editorssetout “to introduce those voices thatwilltaketheusinto next three de essayby ed - , - fi

THEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE , AB’07, and AB’07, , Elaine Bishop Elaine ’s Goodreads bookshelf at mag.uchicago.edu/alumni-books. at bookshelf Goodreads ’s DrewDir , AB’09—depicts violence violence AB’09—depicts , Magazine man ff RELEASES lm,testifying racist to brutality fi lm of thesameof lm name, younga Black from18countries and four continents, usingcensus records link present-dayto residentswiththeoriginal occupants of theirhomes. Coauthor whohas livedManchesterin since 1972, saysthebook showsthat “multicultural thrive.” can communities CANDYMAN Universal Cinema; Manual by Puppetry Picturesand MGM, 2020 pup shadow human hauntingly Using Manual collective performance pets, Cinema—including tivesbreak from political norms howin theydeploy newtechnology winover to splinter Democrats voters. mobilize and astheyfaceRepublican a running on Again.” Great America “Make slogan the Ben Kau Ben RIGHT AMERICA’S REAGANLAND: 1976–1980 TURN ByRick Perlstein, AB’92; Simon & 2020 Schuster, Businessand cultural conservatives Opera leader. same the behind unite Cabrini-Green neighborhood learns the the learns neighborhood Cabrini-Green storytherealof Candyman and begins paint to hisvictims. Manual Cinema’s puppetryembodies aestheticthe spirit theof art. through directorNiaDaCosta’s sequel the1992 to fi visualartist living Chicago’sin gentri centraltheCandyman to legend. In

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ALUMNI BOOKS, FILMS, AND RECORDINGS - ,

ort ff rststory, fi this work this turned 2017inup , an assistant profes assistant an , showcases the turning point turning the showcases Philip Glass Philip Music in Twelve Parts MusicRediscov Twelve in. MusicEightinacclaimed Parts by in theincomposer’s 1960slate experiments asheshifted from layering rhythms acrosspieceverticallya to accumulating withnearlynewvoice a every note. LASTONE OUT SHUT OFF THE LIGHTS ByStephanie Soileau, AB’98; Little, 2020 Brown, Thedebut short story collection from Soileau Stephanie to bolster to community gatheringties by storiesand images themanyof house holderswhocontribute theneighbor to diversity. religious and cultural hood’s the assembles portrait collective This fi Mancunians of narratives st-person Foradditional alumni book releases, use the link theto MUSICINEIGHT PARTS AB’56; Glass, Philip by Composed 2020 Music, Mountain Orange 140,Lot sold—for $43,750! Assumed lost, composer fi considered was 1970, in performed st station way a forGlass theenroute to famous ensemble, Glass’s by recorded and ered PartsEight sorpracticeof theinarts UChicago’sin writing creative and department English program,follows characters astheytry defi to Louisiana’s against themselves e decayingpetroleum industry. Across Soileau landscapes, magnetic and cloying tacklesthelifecycle, including therest lessteenage mother theof at Christie’s.at Until recently, slaughtered cow a neighborhoodfora mealtheinlast, and thecharacter who beginsbayou. originhisown myth: “A wharf.A Sundown. The erotic smell of barbecue,wildonion, sweat, rot.water, Timeeating hischildren.” Formore about Soileau,see theUChicagoan, page 80. STORIESMANCHESTEROFA STREET ByPhil Barton and Elaine Bishop, AB’64; TheHistory Press, 2019 NeighborstheinRusholme areaMan of chester,England, held partya 2011in whentheir residential street turned 100. thatcelebrationFrom ane grew Notes and Releases_Layout_Summer 20_v10.indd 53Notes and Releases_Layout_Summer 20_v10.indd 53

Photo courtesy NASA ALUMNI NEWS FROM THE CLASSES, SCHOOLS, AND DIVISIONS

To protect the privacy of our alumni, we have removed the class notes from this section. If you are an alumnus of the University and would like class notes from our archives, please email [email protected].

Signs of other times: “In the 1930s, American college campuses were marked by strong antiwar and pacifist movements,” writes College dean John W. Boyer, AM’69, PhD’75, in one of his occasional papers, “and the University of Chicago was no exception.” Rallying on campus in May 1939 was a group known as the University of Chicago Student Committee against the War. Antiwar students had the support of University president Robert Maynard Hutchins, who opposed US involvement in World War II until

UChicago Photographic Archive, apf3-03030, University of Chicago Library Chicago of University apf3-03030, Archive, Photographic UChicago the attack on Pearl Harbor.

What’s new? We are always eager to receive your news, care of the Alumni News Editor, The University of Chicago Maga­zine. While the Magazine staff works remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, please send news via email: uchicago​-magazine@uchicago​.edu. No engagements, please. Items may be edited for space. As news is published in the order in which it arrives, it may not appear immediately. We list news from all former undergraduates (including those with UChicago graduate degrees) by the year of their

undergraduate affiliation. All former students who received only graduate degrees are listed in the advanced degrees section. Library Chicago of University apf3-03030, Archive, Photographic UChicago

54 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V11.indd 54 8/12/20 11:41 AM IT’S NOT TOO LATE TO BECOME A DOCTOR • Intensive, full-time preparation for medical school in one year • Early acceptance programs at select medical schools—more than any other postbac program • Supportive, individual academic and premedical advising VISIT US AT WWW.BRYNMAWR.EDU/POSTBAC [email protected] 610-526-7350

BRYN MAWR COLLEGE

Rooks on the rocks: Promontory Point has been the place for warm weather relaxation—and extracurricular feats of intellect—since 1937, the year the Works Progress Administration–funded park opened on the Hyde Park lakefront. Share your

UChicago Photographic Archive, apf2-04037, University of Chicago Library Chicago of University apf2-04037, Archive, Photographic UChicago memories of the Point with us at [email protected].

INCREASE AFFECTION Created by Winnifred Cutler, Ph.D. in biology from U. Penn, postdoc Stanford. In 1986 co- discovered human pheromones Effective for 74% in two 8-week studies and 68% in a 3rd study. PROVEN EFFECTIVE IN 3 DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES INCREASES YOUR ATTRACTIVENES Vial of 1/6oz. lasts 4-6 months Athena 10X tm For Men $99.50 18 Unscented ’ Fragrance 10:13 tm For Women $98.50 South Side Pacifi : Established on Additives Cosmetics Free U.S. Shipping 16,PhD ’ 57th Street in 1941 when the tiki ♥ Jay (WA) “It took about a week for my wife craze was still young, Tropical Hut to completely change her reaction to me...now allured customers with a Polynesian she is flirty and loving like 30 years ago atmosphere and classic American when we were first married.” menu topped by specialty ribs. In 1966 ♥ Karen (OH) “10:13 works! I saw clearly how T-Hut moved to Stony Island Avenue my husband responded to me: nicer, more af- and 92nd Street, where it remained a fection. I think it has made a real difference.” faux South Seoas asis for decades. If you have memorabilia from Hyde Park Not in stores 610-827-2200 establishments you loved, write to us at Athenainstitute.com

Imagecourtesy Andrew Peart, AM [email protected]. Athena Inst. Braefield Rd Chester Spgs, PA 19425 UCM

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 55

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V11.indd 55 8/12/20 11:42 AM En garde: UChicago’s “only varsity sport which participates in big time competition,” wrote Sudsy with a chance of burgers: The the Maroon in October 1969, was fencing. Team members that year included, from lower Hyde Park Chances R—one restaurant in right, cocaptain Seth Masia, AB’70; Andrew D. Matchett, SB’71; Robert J. F. Koss, AB’70; a small local chain—took its name from Gary J. Horwitz, AB’73; Jerry May, AB’73; Alan J. Evenson, AB’71; Howard T. Strassner a co-owner’s assessment of risk when Jr., AB’70, MD’74; Douglas Taylor, EX’73; James W. Curtsinger, AB’73; Ted Wenzel; David they opened their first spot in Old Town: Kaplan, SB’73; Philip V. Kargopoulos, AB’73; Douglas Jordan, EX’73; and cocaptain Bruce “Chances are we could go broke.” Chances Photo courtesy Seth Masia, AB'70 Masia, Seth courtesy Photo D. Patterson, AB’70. At center is coach Marvin Nelson. were actually much better for success, and Chances R, located in the original Harper Court from 1965 to 1983, became a Hyde Park institution, appealing to town and gown alike with an informal atmosphere that allowed patrons to toss their peanut shells on the floor. “We get everyone in here, from criminals to bank presidents, from Nobel Prize winners to winos,” said general manager Cleveland Holden, “and

Image courtesy Hyde Park Historical Society Historical Park Hyde courtesy Image people just don’t seem to mind.” UChicago Photographic Archive, apf2-04037, University of Chicago Library Chicago of University apf2-04037, Archive, Photographic UChicago

56 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V11.indd 56 8/12/20 11:42 AM . All rights reserved. Reprinted with Reprinted reserved. rights All M aroon . C hicago The

Is that pie a Hans’s Favorite? Hans Morsbach, MBA’61 (1932–2011), bought the Medici coffeehouse for $1,700 in 1962 and transformed it into a Hyde Park institution, filled to this day with furniture and woodcrafts made from oak and walnut trees from his Wisconsin farm. (His wife, Kathy Morsbach, MST’69, has kept the business in the family.) Send us your Medici memories at [email protected], and let us know if you remember the key ingredient to the German native’s namesake Hans’s

Photography by Adam Lisberg, AB’92. Copyright 2020, Copyright AB’92. Lisberg, Adam by Photography permission. Favorite pizza and sandwich.

Historical records: Just down 57th Street from Spin-It, where future New York Times editorial board member Brent Staples, AM’76, PhD’72, sold vinyl, stands the original location of the Medici in this 1978 snapshot sent in by Landy Johnson, AB’79. Johnson lived in Blackstone

Photocourtesy Landy Johnson, AB’79 Hall, not far from this spot between Blackstone and Harper Avenues.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 57

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V13.indd 57 8/13/20 3:52 PM HONOR Phoenix Society members lead the way in supporting the University’s students, ROLL faculty, programs, and facilities. The names below represent new members welcomed into the society from July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2020.

GOAL MET! All names are listed per member request and are also located in the online Leaders in Philanthropy Honor Rolls at give.uchicago.edu/leadersinphilanthropy.

Thank you to all the new members, who Anonymous Beth Gomberg-Hirsch and Austin Hirsch Barbara K. Parks, AB’70, 1,200 1,900 1,994 Harriet Ainbinder, AB’60, AM’61, PhD’67 Andrew Hebard, AM’95, PhD’03 MBA’73, AM’92, PhD’96 STARTING MEMBERSHIP MEMBERS AT Philip L. Pollak* helped us achieve MEMBERS GOAL CAMPAIGN CLOSE Paula Anthony-McMann Howard Heitner, JD’82, MBA’82, Thomas M. Barr, MBA’71 and Betsy Newman James J. Przystup, AM’68, PhD’75, record-breaking and Ayako Przystup Herbert E. Baum, AM’51, PhD’06, Thomas Henkel, MBA’73 success during the and Gloria E. Baum Victor Hollender, AB’94, JD’97 Julie Elise Raino, MDiv’88 Robert Beck, AB’58, AM’65, PhD’65 Geoffrey F. Hoy, MTh’68, MDiv’86, David Peter Robichaud, AB’74 University of Chicago Mitchell Alan Bitter, MD’78 and Dortha Hoy Anne Marie Rodgers, JD’90 Marjorie Taft Bleeg, AM’70 Barbara S. Hughes, AB’64, AM’68 Robert Rosenberg, AB’63, MBA’64, Campaign: Inquiry and Arlene Freed Rosenberg You can become a lifetime member by James Bray, MBA’07, and Elizabeth Irvine Bray Susan Hull, AB’82, and C. Hadlai Hull Jennifer Flynn Scanlon, MBA’92 and Impact. funding a life-income gift or simply notifying Andrew W. Brown, AB’80, AM’80, Linette S. Hwu MBA’82, and Gail Feiger Brown Audrey A. Jeung, JD’06 Bruce Schoumacher, MBA’63, JD’66, us that you’ve planned a gift to the University and Alicia Schoumacher David P. Burow, MBA’79 Daniel Jocz in one of the following ways: John Schultz, AB’50 Candace Chase, MBA’75, and Richard Levich, Roger C. Johnson, AB’70 Leni M. Silverstein, AB’67 • included the University in your will or trust AB’71, MBA’71, PHD’77 John T. Juricek, AB’59, AM’62, PhD’70 The Phoenix Society Rayman Solomon, AM’72, JD’76, PhD’86 Professor Jenny Strauss Clay, LAB’58, AM’63 Larry Ira Kane, MBA’81 • named the University as a beneficiary of Michael Spertus, AB’84, SM‘84 honors individuals Frances Aidman Conaway, AB’64, Richard Allen Kaye, AB’82 a retirement plan, life insurance policy, or and Charles Conaway Richard F. Spooner, JD’75 David R. Kickert who make estate Jennifer Ann Coyne, JD’90 Stephen Stahl, PhD’76 financial account Russell Kieckhafer Steven Cushman, MBA’87, William Lee Sweet, MD’94 commitments or life- Gail Leftwich Kitch, JD’81 and Mary Cushman Marie Putnam Swenson Patricia D. Klowden, AB’67, Erica Castle Davidovic, LAB’85, income arrangements As a member, you will receive several and Michael L. Klowden, AB’67 Anne L. Taylor, MD’76 and David Davidovic benefits (including but not limited to): Rachel Kohler, MBA’89, Claire Toth, AB’80, JD’82, David DeRosier, SB’61, PhD’65 to support the and Mark Hoplamazian, MBA’89 and David Dietze, JD’82 • a special memento Katherine Dru, JD’08, and Christopher Dru University of Judith Kolbas John Graham Tucker, AM’77 Stephen P. Durchslag, AM’14 • access to exclusive University events, Edward Kolner, MD’56, and KK Anderson Tom Vabakos, MBA’92, and Patricia Vabakos Chicago. Such gifts JoAnn Eisenberg, PhD’92 programs, and publications Sandra Leichtman Robert Vare, AB’67, AM’70 John W. Estey, MBA’76, Anthony Maramarco, AM’73, PhD’77, Stanley M. Wanger, JD’59 provide important and Catherine R. Estey • personalized assistance from gift planning and Darlene Maramarco Deana Welch and Lyman Welch Marc H. Fenton, AB’70, professionals Linda Martin Thomas Wellems, PhD’80, MD’81, ways to strengthen and Gail McClelland Fenton Ronald Neil McAdow, AB’71 and Marilyn I. Powell Donald Ferguson, MBA’82 and sustain the Laurel McKee, AB’62, JD’64 Barbara West, AB’70 Jay Feuerstein, MBA’80 Become a member today. Thomas J. McShane, MBA’66 Virginia Wright Wexman, AB’70, AM’71, University’s future. Beverly Ann Firme, AM’83 Marjorie Braybrook Offield, AM’88 PhD’76, and John W. Huntington Visit phoenixsociety.uchicago.edu/join Anne E. Fortune, AB’70, AM’75, PhD’78 Margaret Rose Olin, AB’68, AM’77, Jason Edward Wilson, MBA’99, Email [email protected] Robert H. Freilich, AB’54 PhD’82, and Robert S. Nelson and Daniella Gallego John Fyfe, AB’68, MBA’76 Eric Olson, MBA’11, and Laura Bermudez Thomas W. Wilson, MD’61 Call 866.241.9802 Suzana Gadzo, AB’00 Lynn Owen, EX’58 Kathryn Worthen Martin Gardner, SB’66 Marjorie Oxaal, MBA’81, Jack Zevin, AB’62, MAT’64, and Iris Zevin Dr. Melinda E. Gibson, AB’78 and John Oxaal, MBA’81 Jacqueline Lee Glomski, PhD’85 Mary Bliss Packer and Richard Pleet *Deceased

58 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V11.indd 58 8/12/20 11:44 AM HONOR Phoenix Society members lead the way in supporting the University’s students, ROLL faculty, programs, and facilities. The names below represent new members welcomed into the society from July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2020.

GOAL MET! All names are listed per member request and are also located in the online Leaders in Philanthropy Honor Rolls at give.uchicago.edu/leadersinphilanthropy.

Thank you to all the new members, who Anonymous Beth Gomberg-Hirsch and Austin Hirsch Barbara K. Parks, AB’70, 1,200 1,900 1,994 Harriet Ainbinder, AB’60, AM’61, PhD’67 Andrew Hebard, AM’95, PhD’03 MBA’73, AM’92, PhD’96 STARTING MEMBERSHIP MEMBERS AT Philip L. Pollak* helped us achieve MEMBERS GOAL CAMPAIGN CLOSE Paula Anthony-McMann Howard Heitner, JD’82, MBA’82, Thomas M. Barr, MBA’71 and Betsy Newman James J. Przystup, AM’68, PhD’75, record-breaking and Ayako Przystup Herbert E. Baum, AM’51, PhD’06, Thomas Henkel, MBA’73 success during the and Gloria E. Baum Victor Hollender, AB’94, JD’97 Julie Elise Raino, MDiv’88 Robert Beck, AB’58, AM’65, PhD’65 Geoffrey F. Hoy, MTh’68, MDiv’86, David Peter Robichaud, AB’74 University of Chicago Mitchell Alan Bitter, MD’78 and Dortha Hoy Anne Marie Rodgers, JD’90 Marjorie Taft Bleeg, AM’70 Barbara S. Hughes, AB’64, AM’68 Robert Rosenberg, AB’63, MBA’64, Campaign: Inquiry and Arlene Freed Rosenberg You can become a lifetime member by James Bray, MBA’07, and Elizabeth Irvine Bray Susan Hull, AB’82, and C. Hadlai Hull Jennifer Flynn Scanlon, MBA’92 and Impact. funding a life-income gift or simply notifying Andrew W. Brown, AB’80, AM’80, Linette S. Hwu MBA’82, and Gail Feiger Brown Audrey A. Jeung, JD’06 Bruce Schoumacher, MBA’63, JD’66, us that you’ve planned a gift to the University and Alicia Schoumacher David P. Burow, MBA’79 Daniel Jocz in one of the following ways: John Schultz, AB’50 Candace Chase, MBA’75, and Richard Levich, Roger C. Johnson, AB’70 Leni M. Silverstein, AB’67 • included the University in your will or trust AB’71, MBA’71, PHD’77 John T. Juricek, AB’59, AM’62, PhD’70 The Phoenix Society Rayman Solomon, AM’72, JD’76, PhD’86 Professor Jenny Strauss Clay, LAB’58, AM’63 Larry Ira Kane, MBA’81 • named the University as a beneficiary of Michael Spertus, AB’84, SM‘84 honors individuals Frances Aidman Conaway, AB’64, Richard Allen Kaye, AB’82 a retirement plan, life insurance policy, or and Charles Conaway Richard F. Spooner, JD’75 David R. Kickert who make estate Jennifer Ann Coyne, JD’90 Stephen Stahl, PhD’76 financial account Russell Kieckhafer Steven Cushman, MBA’87, William Lee Sweet, MD’94 commitments or life- Gail Leftwich Kitch, JD’81 and Mary Cushman Marie Putnam Swenson Patricia D. Klowden, AB’67, Erica Castle Davidovic, LAB’85, income arrangements As a member, you will receive several and Michael L. Klowden, AB’67 Anne L. Taylor, MD’76 and David Davidovic benefits (including but not limited to): Rachel Kohler, MBA’89, Claire Toth, AB’80, JD’82, David DeRosier, SB’61, PhD’65 to support the and Mark Hoplamazian, MBA’89 and David Dietze, JD’82 • a special memento Katherine Dru, JD’08, and Christopher Dru University of Judith Kolbas John Graham Tucker, AM’77 Stephen P. Durchslag, AM’14 • access to exclusive University events, Edward Kolner, MD’56, and KK Anderson Tom Vabakos, MBA’92, and Patricia Vabakos Chicago. Such gifts JoAnn Eisenberg, PhD’92 programs, and publications Sandra Leichtman Robert Vare, AB’67, AM’70 John W. Estey, MBA’76, Anthony Maramarco, AM’73, PhD’77, Stanley M. Wanger, JD’59 provide important and Catherine R. Estey • personalized assistance from gift planning and Darlene Maramarco Deana Welch and Lyman Welch Marc H. Fenton, AB’70, professionals Linda Martin Thomas Wellems, PhD’80, MD’81, ways to strengthen and Gail McClelland Fenton Ronald Neil McAdow, AB’71 and Marilyn I. Powell Donald Ferguson, MBA’82 and sustain the Laurel McKee, AB’62, JD’64 Barbara West, AB’70 Jay Feuerstein, MBA’80 Become a member today. Thomas J. McShane, MBA’66 Virginia Wright Wexman, AB’70, AM’71, University’s future. Beverly Ann Firme, AM’83 Marjorie Braybrook Offield, AM’88 PhD’76, and John W. Huntington Visit phoenixsociety.uchicago.edu/join Anne E. Fortune, AB’70, AM’75, PhD’78 Margaret Rose Olin, AB’68, AM’77, Jason Edward Wilson, MBA’99, Email [email protected] Robert H. Freilich, AB’54 PhD’82, and Robert S. Nelson and Daniella Gallego John Fyfe, AB’68, MBA’76 Eric Olson, MBA’11, and Laura Bermudez Thomas W. Wilson, MD’61 Call 866.241.9802 Suzana Gadzo, AB’00 Lynn Owen, EX’58 Kathryn Worthen Martin Gardner, SB’66 Marjorie Oxaal, MBA’81, Jack Zevin, AB’62, MAT’64, and Iris Zevin Dr. Melinda E. Gibson, AB’78 and John Oxaal, MBA’81 Jacqueline Lee Glomski, PhD’85 Mary Bliss Packer and Richard Pleet *Deceased

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020 59

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V11.indd 59 8/12/20 11:45 AM The house that wasn’t: UChicago Magazine’s November 1960 issue introduced readers to Pierce Tower—all male when it opened that year—with an architectural drawing that included its proposed but never built second tower. Pierce housed its last student cohorts in 2012–13. The following year, Michael Procassini, AB’16, a member of the final Pierce generation, told the Magazine about the lounges that anchored each residential house. “It was actually hard to avoid going through the lounge. … There would [always] be something going on in the lounge. Even at four in the morning.” L ibrary C hicago o f U niversity a pf4-02901, A rchive, P hotographic UChicago 18 ’ 16,PhD ’ Imagecourtesy Andrew Peart, AM

60 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE | SUMMER 2020

AlumniNews Summer 2020 V11.indd 60 8/12/20 11:48 AM DEATHS

FACULTY AND STAFF teaching until last year, helping the school at Leo J. Shapiro & Associates, the Chicago- expand its experiential learning opportuni- based market research firm founded by her Richard W. Newcomb, former associate pro- ties and deepen its business law curriculum. husband, Leo J. Shapiro, AB’42, PhD’56. She fessor in pediatrics, died June 23 in Chicago. He is survived by his wife, Anne; three sons, raised four children and later in life took up He was 89. A graduate of the Johns Hopkins including William M. Davis, LAB’00, MBA’12; writing. Her husband died in 2015. She is University School of Medicine, Newcomb three sisters, including Susan D. Brunner, survived by a daughter; three sons, including served as a captain in the US Air Force AB’77; and three grandchildren. David B. Shapiro, AM’88, and Owen J. Shapiro, Medical Corps at Strategic Air Command Nancy A. Gormley, senior director for gift AM’90, MBA’96; and five grandchildren. in Omaha, NE, where he studied pathology administration in alumni relations and George Steiner, AB’48, died February 3 in and first practiced pediatric medicine. At the development, died after a long illness May Cambridge, England. He was 90. Born in Children’s Asthma Research Institute and 22 in Chicago. She was 62. Gormley joined Paris to Austrian Jewish émigré parents, he Hospital in Denver, he investigated pediatric the UChicago staff in 1998 as a project as- fled the Nazis for the United States as a child. allergies and the role of immunoglobulin E. sistant in the medical center’s development With a master’s from Harvard and a doctor- At UChicago, Newcomb established the Uni- office and moved two years later to the gift ate from Oxford, he taught literature at Cam- versity’s first pediatric pulmonary function administration team, which she led since bridge University, the University of Geneva, lab and was medical director of La Rabida 2003. Spearheading a major technological and several US universities. For more than Children’s Hospital and Research Center. transformation at alumni relations and de- 30 years he was senior book reviewer for the After retiring from the University, he set up velopment, she oversaw the conversion of all New Yorker. A literary critic who defended the a clinical practice in allergy and pulmonol- gift records to a new database and the auto- Western canon, Steiner wrote books, such as ogy in northwest Indiana, serving asthmatic mation of many internal processes. Devoted Language and Silence: Essays on Language, children from communities affected by in- to her family, Gormley was an avid gardener Literature, and the Inhuman (1967), that were dustrial pollution. He is survived by his wife, and golfer. She is survived by her husband, haunted by the Holocaust and the theme Barbara Joan Newcomb, PhD’90, CER’06; Stephen; two sons; five sisters; a brother; and of culture’s proximity to barbarism. He is two daughters, Carol S. Newcomb, LAB’76, three grandchildren. survived by his wife, Zara Alice Shakow; a and Sally Newcomb Field, LAB’79; two sons, daughter; a son; and two grandchildren. Charles Newcomb, LAB’78, and Christopher 1930s Newcomb, AB’86; and eight grandsons. 1950s Arthur F. Kohrman, AB’55, SB’55, former Harold I. Kahen, AB’38, JD’40, died March professor of pediatrics at the Pritzker School 30 in Jamaica, NY. He was 101. A World War Arley D. Cathey, PhB’50, of El Dorado, AR, of Medicine and the College, died September II US Army veteran, Kahen worked as an at- died in May. He was 93. Cathey entered the 19, 2019, in Bernard, ME. He was 84. A spe- torney for the Hudson and Manhattan Rail- Hutchins College at age 16 and later said cialist in pediatric endocrinology, Kohrman road, later practicing corporate law in New the liberal arts education he received there joined the UChicago faculty in 1981, serving York City for several firms including Loeb & shaped his beliefs for life. Drafted into the as associate chair of the pediatrics depart- Loeb. A board member of various nonprof- military, he served in the US Navy for 14 ment and chair of the pediatric ethics com- its, he also worked pro bono on civil rights months before finishing his UChicago de- mittee, and heading the medical center’s matters, helping file the amicus brief for the gree and launching a business career. The institutional review board; he also led La American Civil Liberties Union in the US Su- president of Butane Gas in his native Ar- Rabida Children’s Hospital and Research preme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer, which kansas, he made philanthropic gifts to the Center. In 1997 he joined the faculties of ruled racially restrictive housing covenants College in support of a learning center, a Northwestern University’s medical school unconstitutional. He is survived by a daugh- residential house, and a dining commons and Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago. ter, a son, and three grandchildren. that all bear the Arley D. Cathey name in A national voice on health policy, Kohrman honor of his father. chaired the American Academy of Pedi- 1940s Harry N. D. Fisher, AB’50, JD’53, of Kirkwood, atrics’ bioethics committee and oversaw MO, died November 19. He was 88. Fisher the institutional review boards of both the Margery Stern Cahn, AB’42, died April 24 in worked as a criminal defense attorney at a Illinois and Chicago public health depart- Santa Rosa, CA. She was 100. During World St. Louis law firm before shifting to a career ments. He is survived by his wife, Claire H. War II Cahn did graduate work in the Hu- in public relations and becoming a princi- Kohrman, LAB’52; three daughters, includ- manities Division, studying Babylonian pal in the firm Stemmler, Bartram, Fisher, ing Rachel Kohrman Ramos, LAB’86; a son; cylinder seals. After the war she and her and Payne. An editor of the former regional and eight grandchildren. husband, former Manhattan Project physi- chamber of commerce magazine St. Louis Scott J. Davis, retired professor from prac- cist Albert S. Cahn Jr., SM’43, settled in Los Commerce, he also practiced biblical transla- tice at the Law School, of Chicago, died of Angeles. For many years a member of the tion, taking a position as scholar in residence amyotrophic lateral sclerosis April 7. He American Association of University Women at the Tantur Ecumenical Institute and pub- was 68. Davis attended UChicago’s Labora- and the League of Women Voters, she pur- lishing Luke–Acts Is a Legal Brief: A Unified tory Schools, leaving at age 16 to matriculate sued passions in graphic arts, ceramics, and Commentary (1995). Survivors include his at Yale. After law school at Harvard and a literature. Her husband died in 1978. She is wife, Arden; a daughter; a son, Harry Noble judicial clerkship with the US Court of Ap- survived by a daughter, Deborah Stern Cahn, Fisher, AB’79; and several grandchildren. peals for the Seventh Circuit, he joined the AB’70; a son, Robert Stern Cahn, SB’66; three Wolf Kahn, AB’50, died March 15 in New law firm now known as Mayer Brown, be- grandchildren; and six great-grandchildren. York City. He was 92. An artist whose col- coming a partner in the litigation practice Virginia “Ginny” L. Johnson Shapiro, PhB’46, orful landscapes blended realism and ab- and then head of mergers and acquisitions. AM’51, died February 5 in Roseville, CA. She straction, Kahn fled Nazi Germany as a As a lecturer at Chicago Booth and the Law was 93. The first member of her family to at- child and eventually settled with his fam- School, he taught courses on buyouts and on tend college, thanks to a high school English ily in New York City. He served in the US mergers and acquisitions for several years. teacher who brought her to a UChicago en- Navy, studied art with Hans Hofmann, and Retiring from Mayer Brown, he joined the trance exam, Shapiro went on to earn her worked as the abstract expressionist’s studio Law School faculty full time in 2016 as its master’s in sociology at the University. She assistant before attending UChicago on the first professor from practice and continued applied that degree to survey-research work GI Bill. He later helped establish the Hansa

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Layout_Deaths_Summer20_v8.indd 76 8/12/20 12:02 PM Gallery, named in his mentor’s honor, and in founded the journal History of Religions. In treasurer on Orcas Island, WA. Survivors in- 1956 joined the Grace Borgenicht Gallery, a 1973 he was elected president of the Ameri- clude his wife, Maxine; a daughter; and a son. regular venue for his exhibitions over the can Academy of Religion, and the follow- Paul K. Becker, AB’68, AM’73, died March next four decades. His works are held in the ing year he joined the University of North 16, 2019, in Port Townsend, WA. He was 72. collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Carolina at Chapel Hill. He later taught at A math major in the College and a consci- Art, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Syracuse University and the University of entious objector during the Vietnam War, Smithsonian American Art Museum. He is California, Santa Barbara, retiring in 1996. Becker earned his UChicago master’s in survived by two daughters, four grandchil- A leading historian of religion and a found- psychology and moved to San Francisco, dren, and two step-grandchildren. ing member of the Society for the Study of studying aikido and teaching math at a local Ronald E. Myers, AB’50, PhD’55, MD’56, of Black Religion, Long received many honors, community college. With a second master’s Pearland, TX, died February 20. He was 90. including the Divinity School’s Alumnus of in physics, he worked as an oceanographer After serving as a captain in the US Army the Year Award. Survivors include his wife, at the University of Washington before join- Medical Corps, Myers trained as a neurolo- Alice Freeman Long, AM’52; several children ing the Seattle-based software company his gist and became chief of the Laboratory of and grandchildren; and brother Jerome H. brother founded and remaining there for Perinatal Physiology at the National In- Long, DB’60, AM’62, PhD’73. the rest of his career. Becker founded Aikido stitutes of Health. He was later appointed Joel J. Kupperman, AB’54, SB’55, AM’56, Port Townsend, a martial arts school in his associate chief of staff for research at the died April 8 in New York City. He was 83. A longtime hometown. He is survived by his Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center star on the radio and television program The wife, Lisa Crosby; two daughters; a brother; and research professor at the University of Quiz Kids from age 6 to 16, Kupperman was and two step-siblings. Cincinnati, roles he held until retiring in scarred by the media attention and turned Joseph D. Brisben, AB’69 (Class of 1963), died 1995. As a brain researcher, he discovered to a reclusive academic life. At UChicago he January 27 in Iowa City, IA. He was 78. After a biochemical mechanism for the effect of studied Chinese philosophy with Herrlee G. working as a journalist in Chicago, Brisben hyperglycemia on brain injury during oxy- Creel, PhB’26, AM’27, DB’28, PhD’29, and embarked on a career in public relations at gen deprivation states. He is survived by left the United States to earn a doctorate in the University of Chicago; at Drake Univer- his wife, Gabrielle de Courten-Myers; two philosophy at the University of Cambridge. sity, where he earned a master’s in English; daughters; a son; and two grandchildren. Teaching philosophy at the University of and at the University of Iowa. In midlife he Gilbert L. Schechtman, AB’51, AM’54, died Connecticut from 1960 until his retirement changed professions and became a financial November 8 in Boca Raton, FL. He was 88. 50 years later, he specialized in ethics and planner for Securities Corporation of Iowa, With a master’s in English and a doctorate in aesthetics and helped introduce Asian phi- BDF Investments, and Wells Fargo. A skilled education, Schechtman taught English and losophy into US university curricula. The musician, Brisben also wrote award-winning served as dean of student personnel services author of such works as Character (1991), he fiction. He is survived by two daughters, two at City Colleges of Chicago’s Olive-Harvey received the UConn Foundation’s Faculty sons, and several grandchildren. College. An amateur magician and folk gui- Excellence in Teaching and Faculty Excel- Howard B. Abrams, LAB’58, JD’66, of Hun- tarist, he wrote detective fiction and ran a lence in Research Awards. He is survived tington Woods, MI, died January 27. He was Great Books Foundation discussion group by his wife, Karen Ordahl Kupperman; a 79. An expert on copyright and entertainment at a southeast Florida public library. His first daughter; a son; a sister; and a grandchild. law, Abrams was professor emeritus of law at wife, Vivienne Stam Schechtman, AB’51, died the University of Detroit Mercy and the author in 1984. He is survived by his second wife, 1960s of the annually updated treatise The Law of Beatrice Hirsch; three daughters, including Copyright. A voting member of the National Marya S. Schechtman, AB’82; four grandchil- Aaron J. Douglas, AB’62, of Fort Collins, CO, Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences and dren; and five great-grandchildren. died February 2. He was 79. With a PhD in twice a trustee of the Copyright Society of the William J. Small, AM’51, died May 24 in New economics, Douglas served as an assistant USA, he received the State Bar of Michigan’s York City. He was 93. A World War II US professor at the University of California, John Hensl Award for his contributions to Army veteran who became a top broadcast Berkeley, and as a research associate at Har- law and the arts. Survivors include his wife, news executive, Small led an award-winning vard University before earning a master’s in Nina Dodge Abrams, and two siblings. CBS affiliate in Louisville, KY, before he was forestry and spending the rest of his career Avraham “Rami” Rabby, MBA’69, died April hired as Washington bureau chief of the net- as a natural resource economist. He worked 17 in Ramat Gan, Israel. He was 77. The first work’s national news division. Known for first in Fort Collins for the US Fish and Wild- blind person to serve as a US State Depart- his adamant defense of press freedom and as life Service and then for the US Geological ment diplomat, Rabby worked in human re- a champion of hiring women journalists, he Survey, developing nonmarket valuation sources and in employment consulting for worked at CBS News from 1962 to 1978, lead- methods to assess alternative natural re- people with disabilities before he applied to ing the team behind the CBS Evening News source management proposals. Among other the Foreign Service in 1985. He waged and and related shows during the Vietnam War accomplishments, Douglas helped secure a won a four-year legal battle that reversed a and Watergate. After tenures as president of major agreement to remove dams from the State Department policy barring the blind NBC News and United Press International, Klamath River. from diplomatic service, taking his first post he directed Fordham University’s Center for James B. Drew, AM’64, died May 16, 2019, in at the US embassy in London and finishing Communications and later served as dean Chicago. He was 78. A licensed clinical social his career as chief of the political section at of its graduate business school. His honors worker, Drew ran his own private practice for the embassy in Trinidad and Tobago. He is include the UChicago Alumni Association’s nearly 50 years. His wife, Lynn Urwitz Drew, survived by a brother. Professional Achievement Award and a Na- AM’68, died in 2017. He is survived by two tional Academy of Television Arts Lifetime daughters, Leah Tova Drew, LAB’99, and Anya 1970s Achievement Award. He is survived by two Drew, LAB’05; a sister; and two brothers. daughters, a sister, and six grandchildren. David B. Sarver, JD’64, MBA’66, died Janu- Donald C. Farley Jr., MAT’71, died December Charles H. Long, DB’53, PhD’62, died Feb- ary 15 in Seattle. He was 80. After working in 21 in Evanston, IL. He was 97. After serving ruary 12 in Chapel Hill, NC. He was 93. A the Illinois Department of Revenue’s income in the South Pacific as a US Army radio tele- World War II US Army Air Force veteran tax group, Sarver led the tax department at graph operator during World War II, Farley and an ordained minister of the American the accounting firm Laventhol & Horwath’s resumed his studies at Oberlin College and Baptist Convention, Long rose to the rank of Minneapolis office, where he became a part- became a teaching fellow in China. He later full professor at UChicago’s Divinity School, ner. He later ran a private office as a tax and earned a master of divinity at Yale University where he served as dean of students, chaired accounting adviser in Southern California. and served as a minister in the United Church the Committee on African Studies, and co- In retirement Sarver served as a hospital of Christ for more than 20 years. Launching

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Layout_Deaths_Summer20_v8.indd 77 8/12/20 12:03 PM a second career midlife, he earned a master’s other accomplishments, she guided the town into sales at Morton, he earned his MBA and at UChicago and taught high school English through its first issuance of municipal bonds. began consulting with Peace Works, where in the Chicago area. He is survived by three She is survived by her husband, two sisters, he became director of finance and business daughters, a brother, four grandchildren, and and a brother. development. He then joined the building two step-grandchildren. Jami Dupre English, MST’78, of Chicago, solutions division of Dow Chemical (later Conrad W. Worrill, AM’71, died June 3 in died April 7, 2019. He was 91. As a Black DuPont), working with architects and real Chicago. He was 78. A US Army veteran US Army corporal and drill sergeant in the estate developers in the New York City area. and a civil rights activist, Worrill followed 1940s, English trained White troops prior to A skilled carpenter, he rehabilitated local his School of Social Service Administration President Harry Truman’s order desegre- residential properties in his spare time. He degree with a doctorate in curriculum and gating the armed forces. After pursuing an is survived by his wife, Christina Thompson- instruction and became an advocate for initial civilian career in business, he spent Perling; two sons; two sisters; and a brother. African-centered education. He spent more many years teaching science, math, and so- Luba O. Waszczur-Sandoval, AB’99, of than 40 years on the faculty of Northeast- cial studies in the Chicago Public Schools. Bensenville, IL, died April 27. She was 43. ern Illinois University, where he directed He also served as an acting assistant princi- As a French major in the College, Waszczur- the Jacob H. Carruthers Center for Inner pal and on the Chicago Board of Education. Sandoval studied for a year at the Université City Studies, based in Chicago’s Bronzeville In retirement he ran a photography and de Paris. After working as a project coor- neighborhood. The longtime chair of the Na- videography business, Pretty Pictures. He dinator for a language interpretation and tional Black United Front and a key organizer is survived by his wife, Thelma; four daugh- translation services provider, she became a in Harold Washington’s first Chicago may- ters; a son; a sister; eight grandchildren; and recruiter for a Chicago-area retail services oral campaign, Worrill served as a consultant two great-grandchildren. company. She is survived by her husband, for the 1995 Million Man March. He is sur- Jose; a son; and her parents. vived by his wife, Arlina, and four daughters. 1980s Steven D. Golladay, SM’72, PhD’82, of 2000s Hopewell Junction, NY, died December 9. Kenneth A. Taylor, PhD’84, died of a prob- He was 73. A Vietnam War US Army veteran able heart attack December 2 in Los Altos, Kevin L. Morris, JD’02, died of complications with a PhD in physics, Golladay worked in CA. He was 65. A Stanford University phi- from brain cancer November 10 in Down- microelectronics research and design at IBM, losophy professor, Taylor served as depart- ers Grove, IL. He was 46. Morris earned where he was credited with more than 20 US ment chair and specialized in the philosophy an MBA and worked as director of fiscal patents. He later became lead designer for the of language and mind. He helped revamp management and planning at Illinois State Japanese semiconductor company Nuflare Stanford’s symbolic systems program, an University. Returning to school, he started Technology. He is survived by his wife, Lucy interdisciplinary undergraduate major, and his law career as a summer associate in the A. Anich, MAT’70; a sister; and a brother. codirected the school’s public humanities Chicago office of Kirkland & Ellis, where he Martin Stern, MBA’72, died October 13 in program. He also cofounded and cohosted went on to become partner and spent the Highland Park, IL. He was 72. A real estate the internationally syndicated public radio rest of his career. Known for representing executive, Stern worked for several compa- show Philosophy Talk. He is survived by his large private equity firms, he specialized in nies in Chicago before he joined US Equities wife, Claire S. Yoshida, AM’81; a son; his acquisitions, joint ventures, and other com- Realty, becoming executive vice president parents; a sister; and a brother. plex business transactions. He is survived and managing director. Among other proj- Robert Pfeffer, AB’89 (Class of 1988), JD’95, by his wife, Tonya; a son; his father and step- ects with the firm, he led the development of Dallas, died February 3, 2019. He was 52. mother; two sisters; and a brother. team behind the Harold Washington Library. In addition to his bachelor’s in economics and After the firm’s acquisition by Coldwell Bank- his JD from UChicago, Pfeffer earned a mas- 2010s er Richard Ellis, Stern continued as head of ter’s in criminology and criminal justice from real estate advisory services, a position he Oxford University. He practiced law with Clancy S. Taylor, AB’16, AM’17, of Houston, held at his death. He is survived by his wife, Wall Street firms in New York City and with died May 16 at age 25. Taylor earned a sec- Devi; two daughters; his father; and a sister. litigation firms in Dallas. Managing Carrell ond master’s degree at Rice University in Shelley Y. Kaplan, AB’73, of Chicago, died Blanton Ferris & Associates’ Dallas office, he the course of pursuing a PhD in English. of cancer July 11, 2018. She was 67. Kaplan specialized in commercial, constitutional, Specializing in comparative modernist lit- earned a law degree from the Illinois Insti- and criminal litigation. Pfeffer also held sev- erature and continental philosophy, Taylor tute of Technology’s Chicago-Kent College eral academic appointments, teaching at the served as a fellow with the scholarly journal of Law and led an eclectic professional life. University of Mississippi School of Law, the Studies in English Literature 1500–1900, par- She independently published a number of University of Alabama School of Law, and ticipated on a grant-funded team developing children’s books, did publicity work as a elsewhere. Survivors include his wife, Alicia. a course on race making in the Middle Ages, professional clown, and for 15 years served and appeared on panels at national literary as a patrol officer with the Chicago Police 1990s conferences. Survivors include parents and Department. Survivors include her husband, maternal and paternal grandparents. Robert W. Hutchison, LAB’66. Patrick J. Nestor, AB’90, died January 7 in Marguerite M. Kelly, AB’75, MBA’78, of Seattle of injuries from a car accident. He 2020s Harpswell, ME, died of complications from was 51. Nestor did his medical internship a bacterial infection April 11. She was 67. and residency in internal medicine at the Elle T. D’Amore, Class of 2022 in the Law An accountant and financial adviser, Kelly University of Wisconsin–Madison. After School, of Chicago, died of a brain seizure worked as a senior audit manager at Deloitte, a fellowship in hematology and medical May 26. She was 26. With an undergradu- specializing in initial public offerings. With oncology at Washington University in St. ate degree in philosophy and psychology, her husband, Anthony J. Barrett, AB’75, Louis, he treated patients at cancer centers D’Amore spent four years as a paralegal be- MBA’77, she lived in Cairo for several years in coastal Washington. He is survived by fore entering the Law School. A member of and ran a nonprofit with the Egyptian min- his wife, Linda; a daughter; three sons; his the Law Women’s Caucus, the Hemingway ister of health to address low childhood can- mother and father; and a sister. Society, and the Impact Initiative, she was cer survival rates. Returning to the United James W. Perling, MBA’96, of Bernardsville, elected to serve as a 2L class representative States, Kelly and her husband moved into a NJ, died after a long illness July 23, 2019. He for the coming academic year and was cho- trailer, traveled the country, and settled on was 60. Perling worked as a chemical engi- sen to be an Autumn Quarter orientation Great Island in Harpswell, where she served neer for the manufacturers Rohm and Hass leader. She is survived by her parents, two as town treasurer until her death. Among and Morton International. After moving brothers, and her maternal grandmother.

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Classifieds_Summer-20_v3.indd 79 8/12/20 12:08 PM What would you want to be doing if not your current profession? Unrealistically: busking on the streets of New Orleans with an old-time string band, captaining a shrimp trawler in Barataria Bay, field reporting on oil industry abuses and environmental degradation in the Niger Delta. Realistically: collecting oral histories and folklore in Gulf Coast Louisiana.

What do you hate that everyone else loves? John Cusack, picnics, kite flying, board games, brunch (the event, not the food), falafel, comedies, bike riding, Saturday programming on NPR (Wait Wait... Don’t Tell Me!, A Prairie Home Companion), #Caturday, wind.

What do you love that everyone else hates? Mayo and bologna sandwiches on white bread.

What book changed your life? When I read Les Misérables at 14 years old, I thought, my God, a novel can do all that? It’s history and morality tale and phi- losophy and psychological case study and high (melo)drama all at once. Les Misérables is still a touchstone when I need to remember why the hell I’m still doing this.

What person, alive or dead, would you want to THE UCHICAGOAN write your life story? For a while there, my old bachelor daddy’s neighbors were trying to set him up with ladies, but he wouldn’t have it. Stephanie Soileau “When the time comes, if it does,” he said, “I believe I’ll do my AB’98 own shopping.” That’s how I feel about this question. When the time comes, if it does, I believe I’ll do my own writing. Questions for the creative writing What did you learn at UChicago that still benefits you today? faculty member, College alumna, When I moved from my mama’s single-wide in south Loui- and author of Last One Out siana to the dreamy, monastic fortress of UChicago, I was Illustration by Benjamin Wachenje thrilled—and terrified into silence. Over those four years, I Shut Off the Lights. had to learn to speak up, to show up, to recognize and try to overcome my first-gen imposter syndrome (though we didn’t have those words for it back then).

TO READ THE FULL Q&A, VISIT MAG.UCHICAGO.EDU/UCHICAGOAN.

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