Stuttgarter Beitrge Zur Naturkunde
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ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
A Revision and Phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysJewelled 619: 103–146 spider (2016) flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny ofEulonchus Gerstaecker... 103 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.619.8249 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae) Christopher J. Borkent1, Jessica P. Gillung1, Shaun L. Winterton1 1 California State Collection of Arthropods, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Mea- dowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA Corresponding author: Christopher J. Borkent ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Dikow | Received 24 February 2016 | Accepted 2 September 2016 | Published 27 September 2016 http://zoobank.org/DEE67859-64AC-4C3F-8DF7-67A7BE1868FB Citation: Borkent CJ, Gillung JP, Winterton SL (2016) Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae). ZooKeys 619: 103–146. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.619.8249 Abstract The spider fly genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker is found throughout the Nearctic Region. Six species are recognized and intraspecific morphological variation is documented in several species. A phylogeny of Eulonchus based on DNA sequence data of three molecular markers (COI, CAD, and 16S) is presented and relationships of species are discussed in the light of biogeography and host usage. All six species of Eulonchus are redescribed using natural language descriptions exported from a character matrix, and a key to species is presented. Lectotypes are designated for E. sapphirinus Osten Sacken, E. smaragdinus Gerstaecker, and E. tristis Loew. Keywords Antrodiaetidae, Euctenizidae, spider parasitoid, phylogeny, small-headed fly, tarantula, biodiversity, cy- bertaxonomy, Lucid Introduction Acroceridae are a small group of flies commonly known as spider flies or small-headed flies. -
Phylogeny and Bayesian Divergence Time Estimations of Small-Headed Xies (Diptera: Acroceridae) Using Multiple Molecular Markers
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43 (2007) 808–832 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimations of small-headed Xies (Diptera: Acroceridae) using multiple molecular markers Shaun L. Winterton a,¤, Brian M. Wiegmann a, Evert I. Schlinger b a Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA b The World Spider Parasitoid Laboratory, Santa Ynez, CA, USA Received 16 May 2006; revised 19 July 2006; accepted 13 August 2006 Available online 24 August 2006 Abstract The Wrst formal analysis of phylogenetic relationships among small-headed Xies (Acroceridae) is presented based on DNA sequence data from two ribosomal (16S and 28S) and two protein-encoding genes: carbomoylphosphate synthase (CPS) domain of CAD (i.e., rudi- mentary locus) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI). DNA sequences from 40 species in 22 genera of Acroceridae (representing all three sub- families) were compared with outgroup exemplars from Nemestrinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, and Xylophagidae. Parsimony and Bayesian simultaneous analyses of the full data set recover a well-resolved and strongly supported hypothesis of phylogenetic relation- ships for major lineages within the family. Molecular evidence supports the monophyly of traditionally recognised subfamilies Philopoti- nae and Panopinae, but Acrocerinae are polyphyletic. Panopinae, sometimes considered “primitive” based on morphology and host-use, are always placed in a more derived position in the current study. Furthermore, these data support emerging morphological evidence that the type genus Acrocera Meigen, and its sister genus Sphaerops, are atypical acrocerids, comprising a sister lineage to all other Acroceri- dae. Based on the phylogeny generated in the simultaneous analysis, historical divergence times were estimated using Bayesian methodol- ogy constrained with fossil data. -
Diptera) and the Problem of the Pacific Island Fauna
New Zealand Cyrtidae (Diptera) and the Problem of the Pacific Island Fauna. S.]. PARAMONOV1 DURING THE PREPARATION of a review of The author has had an opportunity to study the Australian Cyrtidae some New Zealand some specimens of Apsona muscaria West material was used for comparison. The study wood, the only species of the genus if we do of this material has shown that a review of not include Apsona caerulea Brunetti from New Zealand cyrtids is also required. For the Brazil. (Brunetti has not compared his species clarification of some systematic problems the with Eulonchus and it is difficult to tell to author was forced to collect all available in which genus the Brazilian species belongs.) formation about New Zealand cyrtids, and He has found an astonishing similarity be to write a short, preliminary review of them. tween muscaria and Eulonchus smaragdinus The publication of this review, the author Gerst. from California. The size, shape, col thinks, will be useful for New Zealand dip our, structure of integument, venation, hairs, terists. The author quotes the descriptions in and many other characters are so similar that extenso, because they are dispersed mostly in they can almost be regarded as belonging to old, not very easily accessible publications the same species. Only detailed study under and it will facilitate the undertaking ofa more a lens (see below) shows that they are differ extensive study of New Zealand members of ent, but the generic difference between them the family. is in doubt. Comparison of the fauna of cyrtids of New A comparison of all Apsona and Eulonchus Zealand and Australia has given material for species will doubtlessly show that Apsona mus some general conclusions, which can be used caria Westw. -
New Zealand Threat Classification System Lists
New Zealand Threat Classification System lists 2005 Rod Hitchmough, Leigh Bull and Pam Cromarty (compilers) Published by Science & Technical Publishing Department of Conservation PO Box 10420 The Terrace Wellington 6143, New Zealand Cover: Archey’s frog on fern, Whareorino, 2003. Photo: Paul Schilov. © Copyright January 2007, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISBN 0–478–14128–9 This report was prepared for publication by Science & Technical Publishing; editing and layout by Amanda Todd. Publication was approved by the Chief Scientist (Research, Development & Improvement Division), Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. Individual copies are printed, and are also available from the departmental website in pdf form. Titles are listed in our catalogue on the website, refer www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science & technical. In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. When printing, recycled paper is used wherever possible. Foreword New Zealand has some of the most ancient and fascinating species in the world (e.g. the tuatara). Many of our plants and animals are found nowhere else. However, since the arrival of humans about 1000 years ago, we have also been world leaders in rates of extinctions (particularly of land and freshwater birds, where nearly one third have been lost), and in our levels of threatened species—a legacy of a history of unsustainable harvest, habitat destruction and alien species introductions. Preventing the extinction of New Zealand’s unique plant and animal species is a critical element in the Government’s New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy; it is a responsibility we owe to the rest of the world, but this is not a small task. -
Diptera) Do Brasil: Chave De Identificação Pictórica E Diagnose Para Os Gêneros
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ JÉSSICA PAULA GILLUNG ESTADO DA ARTE DE ACROCERIDAE (DIPTERA) DO BRASIL: CHAVE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO PICTÓRICA E DIAGNOSE PARA OS GÊNEROS CURITIBA 2009 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ JÉSSICA PAULA GILLUNG ESTADO DA ARTE DE ACROCERIDAE (DIPTERA) DO BRASIL: CHAVE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO PICTÓRICA E DIAGNOSE PARA OS GÊNEROS Monografia apresentada ao Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná como requisito para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Claudio José Barros de Carvalho CURITIBA 2009 A ciência pode classificar e nomear os órgãos de um sabiá, mas não pode medir seus encantos. A ciência não pode calcular quantos cavalos de força existem nos encantos de um sabiá. Quem acumula muita informação perde o condão de adivinhar: divinare. Os sabiás divinam. Manoel de Barros In research, as in life, you sometimes have to kiss a lot of toads before finding your prince. Jen Maloney i AGRADECIMENTOS Acima de tudo e em primeiro lugar, gostaria de agradecer às duas pessoas que mais amo no mundo: meus pais. Vocês foram os principais responsáveis por todas as minhas conquistas. Agradecimentos especiais também ao Prof. Claudio, meu “desorientador”. Obrigada pela paciência, pelo incentivo, pela confiança em mim depositada e por todas as coisas que me ensinou com toda disposição e boa vontade. Agradeço também à Fundação Carvalho, pelo patrocínio dos nossos “Chás das 5”! Muito obrigada também à minha outra família, aquela que eu pude escolher: Karol, Gabi, Dé, Lucas, Meiri, Marci e Marcelo. Mais do que amigos, vocês foram meu porto seguro em muitas ocasiões.. -
Diptera: Acroceridae)
Pacific Insects 13 (1): 65-73 15 June 1971 A FURTHER REVIEW OF RHYSOGASTER ALDRICH WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES FROM JAVA AND BORNEO (Diptera: Acroceridae) By Evert I. Schlinger1 Abstract: The Oriental genus Rhysogaster Aldrich is reviewed. The 4 new species olthofi, vandervechti and lieftincki from Java and quatei from northern Borneo are de scribed. A key to all 8 species of Rhysogaster is provided and the relationship and distribution of Rhysogaster is compared to Astomella Lamarck. The genus Rhysogaster Aldrich belongs to the Astomella-bTsmch of the Panopinae along with Astomella Lamarck, Astomelloides Schlinger, Physegastrella Brunetti and Corononcodes Speiser. The genus Rhysogaster was revised earlier by Schlinger (1959) and its rela tionship to other genera was discussed at that time. It is most similar to Astomella with which it shares the peculiar feature of having the ^ genitalia placed anteroventral ly close to the thorax as shown by Aldrich (1927, fig. 1 for Rhysogaster implicata Al drich) and by Schlinger (1959, fig. 2 for Astomella acuta Schlinger). Rhysogaster can be differentiated from its closest relative, Astomella, by the presence of a small proboscis and maxillary palpi as well as by distinct features of head-shape and by the genitalial structure in both the <J and the £. It is apparent, however, by reading over the scanty literature on these taxa that there has been some misunderstanding or lack of knowledge on the part of the several authors involved and it seems worthwhile to note these discrepancies with a hope that further confusion will not ensue. In 1926, Frey described Astomella orientalis from the Philippine Islands, and although he mentioned that its wing venation was similar to Astomella gravis Erichson, and that the antennae of orientalis were larger and broader than in European species of Astomella, he did not seem at all concerned that he was including in Astomella the first Oriental species of the genus, and one from the Philippine Islands at that. -
Publicación Anticipada Early View
SHORT NOTE https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n1.90352 http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal Caldasia 44(1):xx-xx. January-June 2022 CALDASIA ISSN En línea: 2357-3759 ISSN Impreso: 0366-5232 Publicación anticipada Este trabajo ha sido aceptado para publicación en Caldasia al haber completado el proceso de evaluación por pares y su respectiva corrección, pero no se ha preparado para diagramación ni corrección de estilo. Por tanto, se pueden encontrar diferencias entre esta versión y la publicación final. Esta versión está disponible al público, pero recomendamos fuertemente que se haga referencia al pdf final para propósitos de citación. Early view This paper has been accepted for publication in Caldasia after completed the peer review process but has not been through the layout and proofreading processes. Thus, differences between this version and the final file may be found. This version is available for the public, but we strongly encourage use the final pdf for approved citation. Rediscovery and redescription of the rare hummingbird fly Lasia pulla (Diptera: Acroceridae) from the Valdivian evergreen forest, Chile Redescubrimiento y redescripción de la rara mosca colibrí Lasia pulla (Diptera: Acroceridae) del Bosque siempre verde Valdiviano, Chile RODRIGO M. BARAHONA-SEGOVIA 1,2*, VICENTE VALDÉS GUZMÁN 2,3, LAURA PAÑINAO- MONSÁLVEZ 2, JUAN FRANCISCO ARAYA 4 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuschlöcher 1305, Osorno, Chile. Email: [email protected] 2Citizen Science Program Moscas Florícolas de Chile, Patricio Lynch 940, Valdivia, Chile. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] 3Biodiversidad Chilena Ltda, Camino Las Vertientes, Colonia Kennedy 190a, Paine.