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Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION UNION ASTRONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE "I TRANSITS OF VENUS: NEW VIEWS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND GALAXY PROCEEDINGS OF THE 196th COLLOQUIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION HELD IN PRESTON, LANCASHIRE, UNITED KINGDOM 7-11 JUNE 2004 Edited by D. W. KURTZ Centre for Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS V Table of Contents Preface ix Organizing committee xii Conference photograph xiii Conference participants xvi Part 1. TRANSITS OF VENUS: HISTORY, RESULTS AND LEGACY Chairs: Steve Dick & Mary Bru'ck Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree, and the Lancashire observations of the tran- sit of Venus of 1639 [Keynote talk] 3 Allan Chapman ~\ Jeremiah Horrocks's Lancashire 27 John K. Walton William Crabtree's Venus transit observation 34 Nicholas Kollerstrom Venus transits - A French view 41 Suzanne Debarbat James Cook's 1769 transit of Venus expedition to Tahiti 52 Wayne Orchiston v~ Observations of the 1761 and 1769 transits of Venus from Batavia (Dutch East Indies) 67 Robert H. van Gent The 1761 transit of Venus dispute between Audiffredi and Pingre 74 Luisa Pigatto Observations of planetary transits made in Ireland in the 18th Century and the development of astronomy in Ireland 87 C. J. Butler The American transit of Venus expeditions of 1874 and 1882 100 Steven J. Dick The Mexican expedition to observe the 8 December 1874 transit of Venus in Japan 111 Christine Allen Maya observations of 13th-century transits of Venus? 124 Jesus Galindo Trejo and Christine Allen Lord Lindsay's expedition to Mauritius in 1874 138 M. T. Briick ' vi Contents Why did other European astronomers not see the December 1639 transit of Venus? 146 David W. Hughes The Brazilian contribution to the observation of the transit of Venus 154 Ronaldo Rogerio de Freitas Mourdo Part 2. THE AU AND THE PC Chair: Nicole Capitaine The Astronomical Unit now [Keynote talk] 163 E. M. Standish Precision time and the rotation of the Earth 180 D. D. McCarthy Thomas Henderson and a Centauri 198 Brian Warner Part 3. TRANSITS, THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS Chairs: Jacqueline Mitton & Barbara Hassall Mikhail Lomonosov and the discovery of the atmosphere of Venus during the 1761 transit 209 Mikhail Ya. Marov Probing extrasolar planet atmospheres through transits 220 Ignas Snellen v— Precise determination of the motion of planets and some astronomical constants from modern observations 230 E. V. Pitjeva The black-drop effect explained 242 Jay M. Pasachoff, Glenn Schneider, Leon Golub Orbit of a lunar artificial satellite: Analytical theory of perturbations 254 B. De Saedeleer, J. Henrard The Spin-orbit resonance of Mercury: a Hamiltonian approach 263 S. D'Hoedt, A. Lemaitre Observation and reduction of mutual events in the solar system 271 B. Noyelles. V. Lainey, A. Vienne Early dynamical evolution of the Solar System: constraints from asteroid and KBO dynamics 279 Kleomenis Tsiganis Contents vii Classical and modern orbit determination for asteroids 293 Giovanni F. Gronchi Transits of Venus and Mercury: Patterns of occurrence, and near-resonance phe- nomena 304 P. J. Message Part 4. THE JEREMIAH HORROCKS MEMORIAL PUBLIC LECTURE Chair: Gordon Bromage Our Galaxy in three-dimensions 315 M. A. C. Ferryman Part 5. NEW VIEWS OF THE GALAXY: PARALLAXES, DISTANCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROPHYSICS Chair: Naoteru Gouda The (f)utility of ground-based parallaxes 331 David G. Monet High-precision stellar parallaxes from Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensors 333 G. Fritz Benedict, Barbara E. McArthur The Pleiades question, the definition of the zero-age main sequence, and implica- tions 347 Floor van Leeuwen The distance to the Pleiades from the eclipsing binary HD 23642 361 J. Southworth, P. F. L. Maxted, B. Smalley Chromatic effects in Hipparcos parallaxes and implications for distance scale. 377 Dimitri Pourbaix The use of eclipses in the evaluation of absolute stellar information 386 Edwin Budding, Denis Sullivan, Michael Rhodes High precision pulsar astrometry and its applications 399 Walter Brisken Statistical calibrations of trigonometric parallaxes 411 T. Tsujimoto, Y. Yamada, N. Gouda Parallaxes of L and T dwarfs '. 420 R. L. Smart, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones and H. R. A. Jones viii Contents Part 6. NEW VIEWS OF THE GALAXY: FUTURE SPACE AND GROUND-BASED PROGRAMMES Chair: Brian Warner Microarcsecond astrometry with Gaia: the solar system, the Galaxy and beyond 429 Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones Radial Velocities with Gaia 444 Mark Cropper, David Katz, Ulisse Munari, Tomaz Zwitter, Andrew Holland JASMINE: Japan Astrometry Satellite Mission for INfrared Exploration 455 N. Gouda, T. Yano. Y. Kobayashi, Y. Yamada, T. Tsujimoto, T. Nakajima, M. Suganuma, H. Matsuhara, S. Ueda and the JASMINE Working Group Overall design of JASMINE. 469 Yoshiyuki Yamada, Naoteru Gouda, Takuji Tsujimoto, Yukiyasu Kobayashi, Tadashi Nakajima, Hideo Matsuhara, Taihei Yano, Seiji Ueda, Masahiro Suganuma and the JASMINE Working Group The optical system for JASMINE and the CCD centroiding experiment 476 Taihei Yano, Naoteru Gouda, Yukiyasu Kobayashi, Takuji Tsujimoto, Tadashi Nakajima, Hideo Hanada, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Hiroshi Araki, Seiichi Tazawa, Kazuyoshi Asari, Seiitsu Tsuruta, Nobuyuki Kawano, Naruhisa Takato JASMINE simulator 483 Seiji Ueda, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Takashi Kuwabara, Naoteru Gouda, Takuji Tsujimoto, Yukiyasu Kobayashi, Tadashi Nakajima, Hideo Matsuhara, Taihei Yano, Masahiro Suganuma, and the JASMINE Working Group Nano-JASMINE: a nano size astrometry satellite 491 Yukiyasu Kobayashi, Taihei Yano, Naoteru Gouda, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Naruhisa Takato, Satoshi Miyazaki, Masahiro Suganuma, Seiji Ueda, Shin'ichi Nakasuka and the JASMINE working group The VERA project (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry 496 Hideyuki Kobayashi, Noriyuki Kawaguchi, Seiji Manabe, Toshihiro Omodaka, Katsunori Shibata, Mareki Honma, Yoshiaki Tamura, Osamu Kameno, Tomoya Hirota, Hiroshi Imai Part 7. MEETING SUMMARY Shades of the goddess: Venus in transit 499 Richard G. Strom Part 8. TRANSIT OF VENUS: 8 JUNE 2004 - pictures from the transit and banquet Author index 538.
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