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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background In response to the request of the Government of the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter referred to as the "Government of South Africa"), the Government of Japan decided to implement the Study on Tourism Promotion and Development Plan in the Republic of South Africa (hereinafter referred to as "the Study"). In November 1999, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred to as "JICA"), the official agency responsible for the implementation of technical cooperation programs, sent a Preparatory Study Team to hold discussions with the Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (hereinafter referred to as "DEAT") and South African Tourism (hereinafter referred to as "SA Tourism"). On February 7 2001, DEAT and JICA agreed upon the Scope of Work for the Study. In February 2001, JICA called for technical offers for the selection of a consultant to implement the Study. A team of experts organized by PADECO Co., Ltd. and Pacific Consultants International Co., Ltd. was selected and contracted as the JICA Study Team (hereinafter referred to as "the Study Team") in March 2001. The Study Team commenced work in South Africa in early May 2001. At the same time, JICA organized an advisory committee comprising tourism experts within the Government of Japan in order to advise JICA on technical as well as policy issues of the Study at critical junctures of the Study progress. Members of the Advisory Committee as well as the Study Team are shown in Appendix A. Since the Study commencement, four reports have been issued: Progress Report (1) in July 2001 covering an overview of the Tourism Sector in South Africa, an Interim Report in September 2001 covering a survey of East Asian market for South Africa and a selection method of focus areas for further tourism development study, Progress Report (2) covering tourism development plans for the selected focus areas and Draft Final Report in April 2002 the covering findings and recommended plans obtained through the work from May 2001 to March 2002, which all tasks that are required by the Scope of Work of the Study. The contents of the Draft Final Report were also presented at the Seminar on 21 May in South Africa. Then, the Team sought comments within a month period and prepared this Final Report. Various component subjects of the Study, their inter-relationship, and their timing as well as reporting schedule are shown in Appendix A. 1.2 Objectives of the Study The objectives of the Study as specified by the Scope of Work are: 1 To formulate a tourism promotion and making strategy with the purpose of generating the Japanese and East Asian Market for South Africa; 2 To formulate tourism development plans for the focus areas, including investment plans and feasibility studies for priority projects; and 3 To transfer skills and technology on tourism development through the Study. 1.3 Study Area The tourism promotion and marketing strategy for East Asian Market is in principle applicable to the whole country while the four focus areas have been selected out of candidate areas scattered over the whole country. 2 Figure 1.3.1 Study Areas Kruger National Park Blyde River Zululand Durban Sun City Madikwe Game Reserve Bloemfontein Kimberley Mkambati Nature Reserve Mountain Zebra National Park Addo Elephant National Park Tsitsikamma National Park Namaqualand Cape Town 3 1.4 Report Organization This report is Volume I of Draft Final Report of the Study on Tourism Promotion and Development Plan in the Republic of South Africa. Draft Final Report consists of three volumes as follows: Volume I Tourism in South Africa, An Overview Executive Summary Main Text: Presents an overview of tourism in South Africa describing trends in international and domestic tourist demand, tourism institutions, tourism products and support, and SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of tourism in South Africa. Appendices Volume II East Asian Market Promotion Executive Summary Main Text: Presents an Action Plan for promoting South Africa in East Asian Market derived from analysis of markets in East Asia based on the results of various field surveys. Appendices Volume III Focus Area Tourism Development Plans Executive Summary Main Text: Presents the process of selecting focus areas and the preparation of tourism development plans in each of the selected focus areas in a comprehensive manner covering all relevant factors Appendices 4 Chapter 2 The Nation 5 2.1 The People 2.1.1 Population According to the 1996 census, population was 40,583,573 (21,062,685 females), consisting of: African/Black, 31,127,631 (77% of total population); Coloured, 3,600,446 (8.9%); Indian/Asian, 1,045,596 (2.6%); White, 4,434,697 (11%). There are 9 provinces in South Africa: Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, Northern Province, North West and Western Cape. KwaZulu-Natal has the biggest population of 8,417,021 and Gauteng (7,348,423) and Eastern Cape (6,302,525) follow. Northern Cape has the smallest population of 840,321. (Table 2.1.1) Urban population1 (Oct. 1996 Census) was 21,781,807 (54% of the population). The majority of Indian/Asian (97%), White (90%) and Coloured (83%) populations live in urban areas, whilst only 43% of Africans/Blacks live in urban areas. The estimated population of major cities were: Cape Town, 2,727,000; Johannesburg, 2172,000; East Rand, 1,691,000; Pretoria, 1,314,000; Durban, 1,264,000; West Rand, 1,076,000; Port Elizabeth, 1,035,000; Sasolburg, 1,002,000. Table 2.1.1 Population by Province Indian/ Unspecified/ Province African Coloured White Total Asian Others Eastern Cape 5,448,495 468,532 19,356 330,294 35,849 6,302,526 Free State 2,223,940 79,038 2,805 316,459 11,262 2,633,504 Gauteng 5,147,444 278,692 161,289 1,702,343 58,654 7,348,423 Kwazulu Natal 6,880,652 117,951 790,813 558,182 69,423 8,417,021 Mpumalanga 2,497,834 20,283 13,083 253,392 16,120 2,800,711 Northern Cape 278,633 435,368 2,268 111,844 12,208 840,321 Northern Province 4,765,255 7,821 5,510 117,878 32,904 4,929,368 North West 3,058,686 46,652 10,097 222,755 16,635 3,354,825 Western Cape 826,691 2,146,109 40,376 821,551 122,148 3,956,875 Total 31,127,630 3,600,446 1,045,597 4,434,698 375,203 40,583,574 Source: SA Statistcs, 2000 Population Census 1996, South Africa There are 11 official languages. The breakdown of the population by home language as per the 1996 Census: Isizulu, 9,200,144 (23% of population); IsiXhosa, 7,196,118 (18%); Afrikaans, 5,811,547 (14%); Sepedi, 3,695,846 (9.2%); English, 3,457,467 (8.6%); Setswana, 3,301,774 (8.2%); Sesotho, 3,104,197 (7.7%); Xitsonga, 1,756,105 (4.4%); Siswati, 1,013,193 (2.5%); Tshivenda, 876,409 (2.2%); IsiNdebele, 586,961 (1.5%). The use of any of these is a constitutional right “whenever practical”. Each province may adopt any of these as its official language. English is the sole language of command and instruction in the armed forces. Almost 80% of the population in South Africa professes the Christian faith. Other major religious groups are the Hindus, Muslims and Jews. About 20% of the population do not belong to any of the major religions but regard themselves as traditionalists or of no specific religious affiliation. Freedom of worship is guaranteed by the Constitution and official policy is one of non-interference in religious practices. 1 Urban area is defined by Statistics South Africa as a settlement, which has been legally proclaimed as being urban. In Census ’96, urban areas consisted of formal (City/town), informal and other urban areas. A city/town is a built-up area within a proclaimed municipal or local authority boundary with various structures built according to municipal by-laws. Informal urban areas are found within a city/town but mainly consist of informal dwellings (squatter areas). Other urban areas may include mines, factories and municipal hostels, hospitals, prisons, and other institutions contained within a local authority boundary. 6 More than half of South Africans (22 million) live in poverty and survive on an average income of R144 a month. Among the poor, 94% are African and about 70% live in rural areas2. 2.1.2 Households In total, there are 9,059,570 households in South Africa 3 . The province with the most households was Gauteng with 1,964,161 (22%) and then KwaZulu-Natal with 1,660,936 (18%). The province with the fewest households was Northern Cape with 186,968 (2%). (Figure 2.1.1) Figure 2.1.1 Households in Urban and Non-Urban Areas by Province 2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Eastern Free Gauteng Kwazulu- Mpuma- Northern Northern North Western Cape State Natal langa Cape Province West Cape Urban Non-Urban Source: Measuring Poverty in South Africa, Statistics South Africa 2000 The number of households in urban areas is dominant in Gauteng and Western Cape. On the contrary, non-urban households are the majority in Northern Province, North West, and Eastern Cape. The average monthly household expenditure is R 2,9544. Provincial disparity can be observed as Gauteng households are the highest at R 5,086 followed by Western Cape with R 3,919.
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