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Porirua City Council & Wellington City Council

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Porirua City Council & Wellington City Council Attachment 2 THE PORIRUAHARBOURAND ITS CATCHMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW - Appendix 2 AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Reportfor Porirua City Council & Wellington City Council Paul Blaschke Josephine Woods Frances Forsyth Blaschke and Rutherford Environmental Consultants February 2010 LSBN 978-I-877548-26-0 (print) IsBN 978-I-877548-27-7 (online) . Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchment Appendix 2: Annotated Bibliography Literature Review - Appendix 2 Annotated bibliography of research on Porirua Harbour and catchment Table of contents Introduction. ................................. 2 Key references covering a range of topics ..................................................... Geology, geography and soils ........................ Terrestrial biodiversity and catchment land use ............................................... 9 Stream geomorphology and hydrology, including flood assessment ........................... I I Annual water quality survey reports .......................... Stream ecology, water and sediment pollution ............................................................. 19 Beach erosion and coastal change. .................................. Estuarine biota ....................... .......... 23 BSIuarine water quality ....... ................ 28 Harbour sediment contamination. ....... 33 Estuary hydrodynamics and sedimentation .................................................................. 38 Planning, roading, development and environmental assessment of effects. ... 40 Environmental management and restoration plans. ... Social and historical sources ..... ........................ 7 introduction This bibliography presents brief summaries of the principal references used in the main literature review document - Ponyua Harbour tilld iis calchmeni. ' A literalMre 3/11/1111aJy und review (2010) The summaries were made by the present authors, and are not published abstracts. The items summarised are sorted by broad topic as shown in the table of contents above. Most references are only in one section, with a few key multi-disciplinary references covering a range of topics are grouped in the first list. Several references are to reports dealing with whole Wellington region (mainly Greater Welling10n Regional Council reports); in these cases usually only the material relating 10 Portrua Harbour or catchmentis presented Reportfor Porirua City Council & Wellington City Council February 2010 Blaschke and Rutherford Environmental Consultants 2 t , Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchment Appendix 2: Annotated Bibliography Keyreferences covering a range of topics Bellingham, N. (1998). Pawamhanui I'llei - a living resource. Wellington, Guardians of Pauatahanuilnlet Multi-disciplinary education resource kit covering land use and ecology of Pauatahanui Inlet. Includes activities for a wide range of age levels BML (2000). T/Ie Puuumhaiiwi EsiwaJy tind i!s calchnteit!. a 117erniure sumiiiuiy and review Boffa Miskell Ltd. Report for Wellington Regional Council and Portrua City Council Comprehensive review of all available environmental information on Pauatahanui Inlet and its catchment. Highlights what is known and unknown about the estuary and its unique and determining features. Includes annotated bibliography Cameron, D. (2001). rangered lilyesiigaiion of Ponyuu Stream warer und sediiiieni quality Montgomery Watson New Zealand Ltd. for Wellington Regional Council. An in depth assessment of sediment and water quality, in order to understand the disparity between the high water quality and low Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI) Scores consistently found in the annual freshwater reports. Water from streams and stormwater outlets were analysed for pH, EC, TSS and acid soluble cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc. Samples were also analysed for organic compounds (poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phenols). Water samples were also collected post rainfall events and compared with American EPA standards. Wet weather events resulted in high concentrations of metals in the water column. Appendix of graphs. Sediments from 3 stream locations were also analysed for metals and organics. Three sites exceeded the ANZECC (2000) interim sediment quality guideline (IsQG) 'low' for zinc, and one for lead. DDT concentrations for all sites (composed mainly DDD, with smaller amounts of DDT and DDE) exceeded the low' IsQG value. Concentrations of metals increased downstream untilthe estuarine reach, where flushing probably resulted in a lower concentration. DDT was highest at Takapu. Macroinvertebrates in POTirua Stream are being adversely affected by poor water quality, especially as rainfall delivers a pollution pulse. The DDT found in the sediment as yet appears to have no affect on macroinvertebrates. The highest DDT concentration occurs at Takapu Stream site which has the best MCI value of 106. POTirua Stream has a MCI value of 90, has a lower concentration of DDT but poorer water quality. Healy, B. (1975). PEP Newsletter. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lower Hull, held at GWRC library Series of Newsletters set up as a forum to communicate interesting results from PEP scientists, and also to update and inform the public. Lists projects and authors Healy, W. B. (1980). Pawu!ahdnui linei. o11 enviroiinienial SIMdy. DSU^. Information Series 141 Wellington, New Zealand, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Most detailed and integrated study of Pauatahanuilnlet and its catchment. Covers early history, landscape and geology, the catchment, the inlet and inlet processes, impacts of the catchment on the inlet, planning implications of the Pauatahanui Environment Programme and an overview. Study arose from community concern over sill deposition in Browns Bay after developing of sections. The Portrua City Corporation requested the Minister of Science to authorise detailed investigation. The DSU< coordinated the 3 year study over 1975-77 with over 30 scientists contributing. Report for Porirua City Council & Wellington City Council February 2010 Blaschke and Rutherford Environmental Consultants 3 , : Literature review of Porirua Harbour and catchment Appendix 2: Annotated Bibliography Kerinedy, P. (1980)."Pauatahanuilnlet, a closer look. " Soiland Wafer 16(5): 7-10. Summary of the main findings of the Pauatahanui Environment Programme study from Healy (1980). Milne, J. R. and L. Watts (2008). Stormwater contaminants in urban streams in the Wellington region (draft), Environmental Monitoring and Investigations Department, Greater Welling10n Regional Council, Report N'GW/EMI-T-08182 Results of two investigations: I) a screening exercise to assess the level of contamination in stream sediments and 2) assessment of metal contamination in wet weather now events, in order to determine if stormwater discharges are causing significant contamination of water and sediments within urban streams and assess if the degree of contamination poses a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Over all sites the ANZECC (2000) IsQG 'low' was exceeded for one or more metal contaminants at 52% of the sites in 2005 and 50% of sites in 2006. POTirua Stream was one of the four sites in the greater Wellington Region to exceed the ANZECC (2000) IsQG 'high' for zinc. Zinc and lead over the whole region were most commonly above guideline 'low'. 86% of sites in 2005 and 92% in 2006 exceeded the ANZECC guidelines for I or more organochlorine compounds. Duck Creek, POTirua and Keriepuru Stream above IsQG 'low' for DDT, and were the only locations in the regions to do so. Sediments in those streams sampled were generally sandy to graveny and had little mud component. Very few wet weather nows were sampled, so this limited data set cannot be used to give the usual stormwater pollutantload of streams. The data highlights that the events sampled had concentrations of zinc and copper above ANZECC guideline values, and are at concentrations likely 10 affect biola. Most of the metal contaminants are associated with suspended sediment, and since little of this fine sediment is deposited in stream beds, it is most probably being deposited in the Harbour Robertson, B. and L. SIGvens (2008). Pontua Harbour; Fine Scale Monitoring 2007/08. W. C Management. prepared for: Greater Wellington Regional Council and POTirua City Council Detailed information on chemical and biological indicators of estuarine condition. Data applied to authors' model of estuarine health 10 assess the overall condition of the estuary in relation to sedimentation, eutrophication, toxicity and ITabitat loss. Collected data on grain size, visual assessment of depth to redox potential discontinuity (RPD), benthic community, and analysis of surficial sediments for organic content, nutrients and metal concentrations. Installed sedimentation plates. Concentration of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc are all below ANZECC (2000) IsGQ, 'low' value Macroinvertebrate community classified as 'unbalanced' as the community present has an elevated number of organisms that tolerate mud and organic enrichment levels. Whole harbour classed as 'moderately eutrophic' inferred from shallow RPD, tinbalanced' macroinvertebrate community and low to moderate nutrient conditions. Classes toxicity of environment as 'low' for Pauatahanuilnlei and 'low-moderate' for the Onepoto Arm Sievens, L. and B. Robertson (2008). Ponyim Harbour. B, .odd scale nabitu! niuppii?g. Nelson, Wriggle Coastal management for Greater Wellington Regional Council and POTirua City Council. Report done alongside
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